CN115819164A - High-energy micro-smoke type firework propellant and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-energy micro-smoke type firework propellant and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115819164A CN115819164A CN202211590688.4A CN202211590688A CN115819164A CN 115819164 A CN115819164 A CN 115819164A CN 202211590688 A CN202211590688 A CN 202211590688A CN 115819164 A CN115819164 A CN 115819164A
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- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical group [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract description 23
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003721 gunpowder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical class [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001051 Magnalium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention provides a high-energy micro-smoke type firework propellant which is characterized in that: the propellant powder comprises, by weight, 1-10 parts of a binder, 30-50 parts of a reducing agent and 45-65 parts of an oxidizing agent, wherein the binder is nitrocellulose or polyaziridine glycidyl ether, the reducing agent is an aluminum magnesium alloy, and the oxidizing agent is an organic polymer framework type oxidizing agent. The invention also provides a preparation method of the propellant powder, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: step A: preparing glue: mixing the binder with acetone or ethanol; and B: preparing an organic polymer skeleton type oxidant; and C: mixing the raw materials; step D: granulating; step E: screening; step F: and (5) drying. The invention provides an ideal propellant powder applied to civil propellant products such as fireworks and the like and a preparation method thereof.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of firework and firecracker formula design and production and manufacturing, in particular to a high-energy micro-smoke type firework propellant and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Aiming at the field of fireworks and crackers, the general black powder-based propellant has the defects in the aspect of environmental protection and the advantage of low-pressure index type emission reliability. Starting from the combustion reaction mechanism of the components of the existing firework propellant (universal black powder-based propellant), a micro-smoke oxidant, a combustible agent, an additive and the like which can replace the firework propellant are selected, and a micro-smoke medicament formula is designed in sequence.
The technical scheme aims to provide the chemical energy-based firework propellant which is low in cost, simple and easy to use, and other firework propellant technologies based on physical technologies and more complex propellant structures are out of the range of description, such as an environment-friendly firework propellant described in patent document CN 201910356177.8. Understandably, the smoke amount of a launching port in the launching process of fireworks is reduced, and the way is to design a launching agent with reaction products as gas as possible and low hygroscopicity, which represents a porous microcapsule single-base launching agent developed by a penren Ministry team of Nanjing university of science and engineering, such as a microporous smokeless firework agent and a preparation method thereof disclosed in patent document CN 201010178424.9; the second approach is to discuss the possibility of applying the micro-smoke pyrotechnic composition to fireworks launching, for example, the explosion effect of the magnalium alloy and the copper oxide series pyrotechnic composition widely used in the fireworks industry is a representative application of utilizing chemical energy to do work, and the principle of the carbon nano tube micro-smoke pyrotechnic composition and the production method thereof is to use a group of high-energy composite medicaments to realize reliable launching work.
The two approaches are assumed in the initial research process, particularly, the first approach is still the mainstream design idea of the existing firework industry, and the second approach is still only in the concept at the initial stage and is not an ideal and feasible scheme; the assumption of the two ways represents the application and innovation of two main stream pyrotechnic compositions, namely single-base composition and micro-gas pyrotechnic composition. The firework propellant design idea based on the single base powder is that the firework propellant requirement is met by adjusting the propellant formula and the type system parameters, and the propellant capable of basically meeting the firework propellant requirement is divided into two types by combining the basically formed and self-made single base powder propellant: the type a is a porous combustion-enhancing type, such as a smokeless propellant and a preparation method thereof described in patent document CN201910175173.X, and a sensitization method of a micro-pore smokeless firework explosive described in patent document CN 201010178439.5; the type b is a composite single-base powder type with ultrahigh linear burning rate, for example, a firecracker propellant disclosed in patent document CN201911177721.9, and a multifunctional smokeless and sulfur-free firecracker propellant disclosed in patent document CN201911177632.4 and a preparation method thereof. Compared with the general black powder-based propellant powder, the types a and b are characterized in that the adjustable range of the propellant force is narrow, and the propellant force is easy to be suddenly high or suddenly low or suddenly strong or suddenly weak, namely when the propellant force is regulated and controlled to be suitable for firework launching through a formula and a type system, the phenomenon of poor launching consistency can be caused when the powder is slightly uneven, and the firing pressure index is directly related to that of the single-base propellant powder series propellant powder which is higher than that of the general black powder-based propellant powder. In addition, the actual application of the firework propellant based on the single-base propellant design is difficult due to the old problems of sensitivity, moisture absorption, deterioration and the like of the single-base propellant.
In practice, the burning heat of the gunpowder is far higher than that of other types of gunpowder, the product is mainly solid large particles, the linear burning speed is high, and the gunpowder is extremely stable; when the pyrotechnic composition is applied to propellant powder, the propellant effect is observed to be stable and good in reproducibility. By regulating and controlling the formula, the charging amount and the preparation process, a micro-smoke high-energy firework propellant scheme is mastered, and the evaluation of parameters such as sensitivity, starting jet smoke amount, emission consistency, storage stability, application economic value and the like is well performed.
Disclosure of Invention
High-energy micro-smoke type firework propellant is characterized in that: the propellant comprises, by weight, 1-10 parts of an adhesive, 30-50 parts of a reducing agent and 45-65 parts of an oxidizing agent.
Further, the binder is nitrocellulose or polyaziridinyl glycidyl ether.
Further, the reducing agent is aluminum magnesium alloy.
Further, the oxidant is an organic polymer skeleton type oxidant.
Further, the aluminum magnesium alloy is Mg 4 Al 3 。
Further, the organic polymer skeleton type oxidant consists of an oxidant and an organic polymer skeleton, wherein the mass of the organic polymer skeleton accounts for 3-10% of the total mass of the organic polymer skeleton type oxidant, and the oxidant is MnO 2 、KClO 4 、KIO 4 、KNO 3 Or Fe 2 O 3 (ii) a The organic polymer framework is PVB resin or FKM rubber.
Further, the organic polymer skeleton type oxidant has a particle size of 50-400 μm and a bulk density of 1-2g/cm 3 The particles of (1).
The preparation method of the high-energy micro-smoke firework propellant is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
step A: preparing glue: mixing the adhesive with acetone or ethanol to fully dissolve the adhesive in the acetone or the ethanol to prepare a mixed solution of the adhesive and the acetone or the ethanol;
and B: preparation of organic polymer matrix-type oxidizing agent: wet compounding the oxidant and the organic polymer skeleton in a high speed homogenizer, and spray pelletizing to obtain the product with grain size of 50-400 micron and bulk density of 1-2g/cm 3 To produce an organic polymer matrix-type oxidizing agent;
and C: mixing raw materials: b, fully and uniformly mixing the reducing agent and the oxidizing agent prepared in the step B through a sieving mode to prepare a mixture 1; uniformly mixing the mixture 1 with the mixed solution prepared in the step A to prepare a mixture 2;
step D: and (3) granulation: c, preparing the mixture 2 prepared in the step C into particles through a standard screen in a rolling mode;
step E: screening: d, screening the particles prepared in the step D, transferring the particles with the particle size of 8-20 meshes into a drying process, returning the particles with the particle size of less than 8 meshes to the mixture 1 prepared in the step C, and returning the particles with the particle size of more than 20 meshes to the step D;
step F: drying: and E, drying the particles of 8-20 meshes prepared in the step E to prepare the high-energy micro-smoke firework propellant.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides an ideal propellant applied to civil propellant products such as fireworks and the like and a preparation method thereof, the propellant has high explosion temperature, high propellant force, low pressure index, obvious characteristic of a propellant platform, good stability, safety and reliability, is only 20-30% of the mass of a general black powder-based propellant in terms of the charge quantity, has better performances in terms of economy and environmental protection, and achieves the ignition sensitivity of about 330 ℃ (the black powder is about 290 ℃), reaches the index range of 280-350 ℃ in the standard TCSTM00361-2021 of the civil black powder design group, and simultaneously has simple preparation method, thereby being beneficial to popularization and production.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The high-energy micro-smoke type firework propellant comprises the following components: the composition of the organic polymer framework type oxidant is as follows: 45 parts by weight of KClO 4 24H is pulverized and ultrafined by a ball mill, and 50 parts of ethanol solvent is dissolved in 5 parts of PVB resin. (2) the high-energy micro-smoke type firework propellant comprises the following components: 5 parts by weight of nitrocellulose are dissolved in 50 parts by weight of acetone, 45 parts by weight of Mg 4 Al 3 50 parts of an organic polymer skeleton type oxidizing agent.
The preparation method for preparing the high-energy micro-smoke firework propellant comprises the following steps:
step A: preparing glue: dissolving 5 parts by weight of nitrocellulose in 50 parts by weight of acetone to fully dissolve the nitrocellulose in the acetone to prepare a mixed solution of an adhesive and the acetone;
and B: preparation of organic polymer matrix-type oxidizing agent: taking 45 parts by weight of KClO 4 Pulverizing superfine 24H by ball mill to obtain superfine KClO 4 (ii) a Weighing 5 parts of PVB resin, and dissolving the PVB resin into 50 parts of ethanol solvent to prepare PVB solution; micronizing KClO 4 Mixed with PVB solutionIn liquid, under the action of high-speed homogenizer, KClO is mixed 4 Fully stirring and dispersing to obtain dispersion liquid, drying the dispersion liquid in a spray granulating machine to obtain composite powder, and making the composite powder into granules with grain size of 50-400 micrometers and bulk density of 1-2g/cm by means of spray granulation 3 To obtain an organic polymer skeleton type oxidant;
and C: mixing raw materials: 45 parts by weight of Mg 4 Al 3 And 50 parts of the organic polymer skeleton type oxidant prepared in the step B are fully and uniformly mixed by a sieving and mixing mode to prepare a mixture 1; uniformly mixing the mixture 1 with the mixed solution prepared in the step A to prepare a mixture 2;
step D: and (3) granulation: c, preparing the mixture 2 prepared in the step C into particles through a standard screen by adopting a rolling mode;
step E: screening: and D, screening the particles prepared in the step D, taking the particles with the particle size of 8-20 meshes, transferring the particles with the particle size of less than 8 meshes to a drying process, returning the particles with the particle size of more than 20 meshes to the mixture 1 prepared in the step C, and returning the particles with the particle size of more than 20 meshes to the step D.
Step F: drying: and E, drying the particles of 8-20 meshes prepared in the step E to prepare the high-energy micro-smoke type firework propellant.
Example 2
The high-energy micro-smoke type firework propellant comprises the following components: the composition of the organic polymer framework type oxidant is as follows: 45 parts by weight of MnO 2 The ball mill pulverized and ultrafined 24H,5 parts of FKM rubber was dissolved in 50 parts of ethyl acetate solvent. (2) the high-energy micro-smoke type firework propellant comprises the following components: 10 parts by weight of polyaziridinyl glycidyl ether are dissolved in 50 parts by weight of ethanol, 40 parts by weight of Mg 4 Al 3 50 parts of an organic polymer skeleton type oxidizing agent.
The preparation method for preparing the high-energy micro-smoke firework propellant comprises the following steps:
step A: preparing glue: dissolving 10 parts by weight of polyazide glycidyl ether in 50 parts by weight of ethanol, and fully dissolving polyazide glycidyl ether in the ethanol to prepare a mixed solution of an adhesive and the ethanol;
and B: preparation ofOrganic polymer skeleton type oxidizing agent: taking 45 parts of MnO by weight 2 The superfine MnO is prepared by crushing superfine 24H by a ball mill 2 (ii) a Weighing 5 parts of FKM rubber and dissolving in 50 parts of ethyl acetate solvent to prepare FKM rubber solution; to ultra-fine MnO 2 Mixing with FKM rubber solution, and homogenizing under high speed 2 Fully stirring and dispersing to obtain dispersion liquid, drying the dispersion liquid in a spray granulating machine to obtain composite powder, and preparing the composite powder into granules with the grain diameter of 50-400 mu m and the bulk density of 1-2g/cm by spray granulating 3 To obtain an organic polymer skeleton type oxidant;
and C: mixing raw materials: 40 parts by weight of Mg 4 Al 3 And 50 parts of the organic polymer skeleton type oxidant prepared in the step B are fully and uniformly mixed by a sieving and mixing mode to prepare a mixture 1; uniformly mixing the mixture 1 with the mixed solution prepared in the step A to prepare a mixture 2;
step D: and (3) granulation: c, preparing the mixture 2 prepared in the step C into particles through a standard screen in a rolling mode;
step E: screening: and D, screening the particles prepared in the step D, taking the particles with the particle size of 8-20 meshes, transferring the particles with the particle size of less than 8 meshes to a drying process, returning the particles with the particle size of more than 20 meshes to the mixture 1 prepared in the step C, and returning the particles with the particle size of more than 20 meshes to the step D.
Step F: drying: and E, drying the particles of 8-20 meshes prepared in the step E to prepare the high-energy micro-smoke type firework propellant.
Claims (8)
1. High-energy micro-smoke type firework propellant is characterized in that: the propellant comprises, by weight, 1-10 parts of an adhesive, 30-50 parts of a reducing agent and 45-65 parts of an oxidizing agent.
2. The high-energy micro-smoke type firework propellant as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the adhesive is nitrocellulose or polyaziridine glycidyl ether.
3. The high-energy micro-smoke type firework propellant as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the reducing agent is aluminum magnesium alloy.
4. The high-energy micro-smoke type firework propellant as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the oxidant is an organic polymer skeleton type oxidant.
5. The high-energy micro-smoke type firework propellant as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the aluminum-magnesium alloy is Mg 4 Al 3 。
6. The high-energy micro-smoke type firework propellant as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the organic polymer framework type oxidant consists of an oxidant and an organic polymer framework, wherein the mass of the organic polymer framework accounts for 3-10% of the total mass of the organic polymer framework type oxidant, and the oxidant is MnO 2 、KClO 4 、KIO 4 、KNO 3 Or Fe 2 O 3 (ii) a The organic polymer framework is PVB resin or FKM rubber.
7. The high-energy micro-smoke type firework propellant as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the organic polymer framework type oxidant has the particle size of 50-400 mu m and the bulk density of 1-2g/cm 3 The particles of (1).
8. The preparation method of the high-energy micro-smoke type firework propellant as claimed in claims 1 to 7, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step A: preparing glue: mixing the adhesive with acetone or ethanol to fully dissolve the adhesive in the acetone or ethanol to prepare a mixed solution of the adhesive and the acetone or ethanol;
and B, step B: preparation of organic polymer matrix-type oxidizing agent: wet compounding the oxidant and the organic polymer skeleton in a high speed homogenizer, and spray pelletizing to obtain the product with grain size of 50-400 micron and bulk density of 1-2g/cm 3 To produce an organic polymer matrix-type oxidizing agent;
and C: mixing raw materials: b, fully and uniformly mixing the reducing agent and the oxidizing agent prepared in the step B through a sieving mode to prepare a mixture 1; uniformly mixing the mixture 1 with the mixed solution prepared in the step A to prepare a mixture 2;
step D: and (3) granulation: c, preparing the mixture 2 prepared in the step C into particles through a standard screen in a rolling mode;
and E, step E: screening: d, screening the particles prepared in the step D, transferring the particles with the particle size of 8-20 meshes into a drying process, returning the particles with the particle size of less than 8 meshes to the mixture 1 prepared in the step C, and returning the particles with the particle size of more than 20 meshes to the step D;
step F: drying: and E, drying the particles of 8-20 meshes prepared in the step E to prepare the high-energy micro-smoke type firework propellant.
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