CN115815976A - Thin-wall guide sleeve groove cutting machining method - Google Patents
Thin-wall guide sleeve groove cutting machining method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115815976A CN115815976A CN202211514918.9A CN202211514918A CN115815976A CN 115815976 A CN115815976 A CN 115815976A CN 202211514918 A CN202211514918 A CN 202211514918A CN 115815976 A CN115815976 A CN 115815976A
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Abstract
The invention provides a thin-wall guide sleeve groove cutting machining method, which adopts a special tool to machine, wherein the special tool comprises a tool body and a cutting part, the head part of the cutting part is provided with an open groove and two cutting edges, and the cutting part is provided with two convex edges, a first chip breaking groove and two second chip breaking grooves on the side surfaces of the front tool surfaces of the two cutting edges; feeding a cutting part from a first groove wall of the groove, ensuring that the cutting part is vertical to the groove bottom, finely turning the first groove wall until a cutting edge advances to the groove bottom, and forming a boss in the open groove; withdrawing the cutter; feeding a cutter from a second groove wall of the groove by the cutting part, ensuring that the cutting part is vertical to the groove bottom, and finely turning the second groove wall until the cutting edge moves to the groove bottom; transversely cutting the cutting part from the bottom end of the second groove wall to the bottom end of the first groove wall; and during cutting, the high-pressure water is used for washing the cut scrap iron.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of guide sleeve processing, in particular to a thin-wall guide sleeve groove cutting processing method.
Background
Along with the development of the coal mine machinery manufacturing industry, the support height of the hydraulic support is higher and higher, the size of the hydraulic oil cylinder is rich continuously, and higher requirements are provided for the processing precision and the quality stability of the thin-wall guide sleeve. Compared with the common guide sleeve, the inner wall and the outer wall of the thin-wall guide sleeve are compact in groove structure design, in order to ensure the sealing reliability, particularly for the large-diameter thin-wall guide sleeve, the groove is deep in design size and thin in groove wall thickness, and is easily influenced by cutting and vibration in the machining process.
Through analysis, the groove wall and the groove bottom machining precision of the thin-wall guide sleeve groove are difficult to guarantee, and the following reasons mainly exist: (1) The width of a cutting edge of the cutter is wide, the contact area is large when the groove bottom is machined, the cutter is easy to vibrate, so that the roughness of the groove bottom is poor, and meanwhile, the vibration of the cutter is also easy to cause the depth or width of a groove to be out of tolerance and the roundness of a guide sleeve to be out of tolerance; (2) The traditional cutter is not easy to automatically break chips and generate strip-shaped scrap iron when a groove is machined, and the scrap iron is wound on the cutter or a workpiece and easily scratches the workpiece to cause the cutter to be damaged, so that the automatic circulation of a machine tool is influenced, and even the normal operation of the whole automatic line is damaged.
Aiming at the problems of low machining precision, low machining efficiency, difficult chip breaking and the like of finish turning of a thin-wall guide sleeve groove, an automatic chip breaking cutter and a cutting machining method for finish turning of the thin-wall guide sleeve groove are urgently needed to be explored, machining efficiency is improved, cutter vibration can be reduced, chip control is effectively carried out, automatic chip breaking is realized, and machining precision with roughness not more than Ra1.6 is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a thin-wall guide sleeve groove cutting machining method which is scientific in design, high in machining precision and machining efficiency and capable of automatically breaking chips.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a thin-wall guide sleeve groove cutting machining method is characterized in that a special cutter is adopted for machining, the special cutter comprises a cutter body and a cutting part, the root of the cutting part is connected with the end part of the cutter body, an open groove and two cutting edges are arranged at the head part of the cutting part, the groove bottom of the open groove is sunken towards the root of the cutting part, and the two cutting edges are symmetrically arranged at the end parts of two sides of the open groove; the cutting part is provided with two convex edges, a first chip breaking groove and two second chip breaking grooves on the side where the front cutter surfaces of the two cutting edges are located, the two convex edges and the two cutting edges are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence mode, the convex edges extend from the cutter point of the cutting edge to the root of the cutting part and are connected at the root to form a convex edge platform integrally, the two convex edges are arranged around the outer side of the first chip breaking groove, and the outer side of the convex edges and the cutter point of the cutting edge form the second chip breaking groove;
the method comprises the following steps:
step S1: roughly turning a groove of the thin-wall guide sleeve, and reserving a machining allowance of 0.2mm-0.25 mm;
step S2: feeding a cutter from a first groove wall of the groove by the cutting part, ensuring that the cutting part is vertical to the groove bottom, finely turning the first groove wall until the cutting edge advances to the groove bottom, and forming a boss in the open groove;
and step S3: withdrawing the cutter;
and step S4: feeding a cutter from a second groove wall of the groove by the cutting part, ensuring that the cutting part is vertical to the groove bottom, and finely turning the second groove wall until the cutting edge moves to the groove bottom;
step S5: cutting the cutting portion laterally from the second slot wall bottom end to the second slot wall bottom end;
wherein, the step S2, the step S4 and the step S5 are performed by using high-pressure water to wash the cut iron filings.
Based on the above, the tool nose adopts the smoothing blade, the smoothing blade consists of 3-6 circular arcs with different radiuses, and the radius Rn of each circular arc is 0.1mm-0.2 mm.
Based on the above, in the step S2, the step S4 and the step S5, the cutting speed is 2500 mm/min-3500mm/min, the processing feed is 0.1mm-0.2mm, and the cutting depth is 0.15mm-0.25mm.
Based on the above, the machining allowance in the step S1 is 0.2mm, and in the steps S2, S4 and S5, the cutting speed is 2500 mm/min-3000mm/min, the machining feed is 0.1mm-0.15mm, and the cutting depth is 0.15mm-0.2mm.
Based on the above, the machining allowance in the step S1 is 0.25mm, and in the steps S2, S4 and S5, the cutting speed is 3000 mm/min-3500mm/min, the machining feed is 0.15mm-0.2mm, and the cutting depth is 0.2mm-0.25mm.
Based on the above, the tool does not rotate and the guide sleeve rotates in step S2, step S4, and step S5, and continuous cutting is maintained.
Based on the above, the width L of the cutting edge 1 Is 0.6mm-0.8mm.
Based on the above, the width Lc of the second chip-breaking groove at the knife tip is 0.18mm-0.4mm.
Based on the above, the included angle gamma between the rake face of the cutting edge and the base surface is 15-20 degrees, the main cutting edge of the cutting edge is passivated at the position of 0.05-0.1 mm, and the chamfering angle eta at the tool tip of the cutting edge is 3-6 degrees.
Based on the above, the overall blade width L of the cutting portion was 4mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has prominent substantive features and remarkable progress, and particularly has the following advantages:
(1) The two cutting edges are separated by the open type groove, the width of a single cutting edge can be reduced, and thus the width of the scrap iron cut off can be reduced, and the scrap iron is easier to break off; when the groove wall of the guide sleeve groove is finely turned, the iron chips cut from the groove opening to the groove bottom are mainly blocked by the convex edge and curled towards the second chip breaking groove, so that the chip breaking assisting function is achieved; when the groove bottom of the guide sleeve groove is finely turned, a cutter can be conveyed from the bottom end of the groove wall on one side to the bottom end of the groove wall on the other side, at the initial position of the groove bottom of the fine turning, part of the groove bottom which is not finely turned falls into the open type groove, is cut by the inner side of the cutting edge and is mainly blocked by the convex edge and is curled towards the first chip breaking groove, threaded iron chips which are narrower than the width of the cutting edge are generated to play a role in auxiliary chip breaking, and the rest of the groove bottom is cut by the outer side of the cutting edge and is mainly blocked by the convex edge and is curled towards the second chip breaking groove to play a role in auxiliary chip breaking; in the machining process, the iron chips can be timely broken by being matched with the impact of high-pressure water, the formation of long-strip-shaped iron chips is avoided, the chip breaking effect is guaranteed, and the surface of a workpiece is protected from being scratched and a cutter is protected from being wound and damaged.
(2) The width of the single cutting edge is reduced, the contact area is smaller when the groove bottom is machined, and the vibration amplitude of the cutter is smaller, so that the smoothness of the machined surface can be improved, and the out-of-tolerance of the depth, the width and the roundness of the groove of the thin-wall guide sleeve is avoided.
(3) Because the chip breaking effect is good and the vibration amplitude is small, the cutter can keep stable and continuous cutting when the thin-wall guide sleeve groove is finely turned, thereby improving the processing efficiency; the normal speed can realize the processing precision of the roughness less than or equal to Ra1.2, the processing speed is further improved, and the processing precision of the roughness less than or equal to Ra1.6 can also be realized.
(4) The setting of bead platform can improve the intensity of cutting part, the width of cutting edge is fit for, can enough play the effect that reduces iron fillings width, can keep certain intensity again, avoids being broken easily, open type recess with the cutting edge is mutually supported, can also alleviate the cutter and cut into transient impact, improves the shock resistance ability, makes the knife tip be difficult for collapsing garrulously.
(5) The opening type groove is a V-shaped groove, so that the stress is better, the production is easier, and the manufacturing cost is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of an automatic chip breaking cutting tool for a thin wall guide sleeve groove of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a top view of the thin wall guide sleeve groove automatic chip breaking cutting tool of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a cutting edge in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a wiper blade according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the construction of a thin walled guide sleeve being machined in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the thin wall guide sleeve groove automatic chip breaking cutting tool of the present invention machining a thin wall guide sleeve groove.
In the figure: 1. a cutter body; 2. a cutting portion; 3. a V-shaped groove; 4. a cutting edge; 5. a convex edge; 6. a first chip breaking groove; 7. a second chip breaking groove; 8. a rib platform; 9. a heat sink; 10. a guide sleeve; 11. and (4) a groove.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the following embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, an automatic chip-breaking cutting tool for a groove of a thin-wall guide sleeve comprises a tool body 1 and two cutting parts 2, wherein the roots of the two cutting parts 2 are connected with the end part of the tool body 1, and the tool body 1 and the cutting parts 2 are integrally formed and made of hard alloy.
The head of the cutting part 2 is provided with an open V-shaped groove 3 and two cutting edges 4, the groove bottom of the open V-shaped groove 3 is sunken towards the root of the cutting part 2, the two cutting edges 4 are symmetrically arranged at the end parts of the two sides of the open V-shaped groove 3, so that a neutral position is formed between the two cutting edges 4, and the width of a single cutting edge 4 is narrowed. On one hand, the cutting width can be reduced, and the scrap iron becomes narrow and is easy to break; on the other hand, the contact area of the two can be reduced when the groove bottom is machined, so that the vibration amplitude of the cutter is reduced, and the machining precision is improved; in addition, the open V-shaped groove 3 and the cutting edge 3 cooperate with each other, so that the impact at the moment of cutting the cutter (the cutting edge 3 has certain elasticity due to the neutral position in the middle) can be relieved, the shock resistance is improved, and the cutter point is not easy to break.
The main cutting edges of the two cutting edges 4 are positioned on the end face of the head of the cutting part 2, the open type V-shaped groove 3 is positioned in the direction of the auxiliary rear tool faces of the two cutting edges 4, the cutting part 2 is provided with two convex edges 5, a first chip breaking groove 6 and two second chip breaking grooves 7 on the side face where the front tool faces of the two cutting edges 4 are positioned, the two convex edges 5 and the two cutting edges 4 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner, the convex edges 5 extend from the tool nose of the cutting edge 4 to the root of the cutting part 2 and are connected at the root to form a convex edge platform 8 in an integrated manner, the two convex edges 5 are arranged around the first chip breaking groove 6, and the outer sides of the convex edges 5 and the tool nose of the cutting edge 2 form the second chip breaking grooves 7; bead 5 can play the guide effect to the direction of iron fillings at cutting edge 2 cutting process, utilizes first chip breaking groove 6 and second chip breaking groove 7 to play supplementary chip breaking effect, bead platform 8's setting has improved the intensity of cutting part 4.
Wherein the width L of the cutting edge 4 1 Is 0.6mm to 0.8mm, experiments show that after the width of the cutting edge 4 exceeds 0.8mm, the scrap iron becomes wider and is not easy to break, so that the ideal chip breaking effect cannot be achieved, and after the width of the cutting edge 4 is less than 0.6mm, the strength becomes weaker,it is easily broken during cutting.
The width Lc of the second chip breaking groove 7 at the tool tip is 0.18-0.4mm, the guiding direction of the scrap iron is better in the range, and the scrap iron is easier to break.
The whole cutter width L of the cutting part 2 is 4mm, and the included angle alpha of two side walls of the open type V-shaped groove 3 is 100-120 degrees.
The included angle gamma between the rake face of the cutting edge 4 and the base surface is 15-20 degrees, the main cutting edge of the cutting edge 4 is passivated at the position of 0.05-0.1 mm, and the chamfering angle eta at the tool tip of the cutting edge 4 is 3-6 degrees.
The tool nose adopts a smoothing edge which consists of 3-6 circular arcs with different radiuses, and the radius Rn of each circular arc is 0.1-0.2 mm. The wiper blade can further improve the processing efficiency and the processing precision, specifically, when the blade tip does not adopt the wiper blade, the roughness of the groove wall and the groove bottom can be ensured to be less than or equal to Ra1.6 only by processing and feeding 0.07mm-0.1mm, when the blade tip adopts the wiper blade, the roughness can be ensured to be less than or equal to Ra1.2 on the premise of processing and feeding 0.1mm-0.15mm, and the roughness is ensured to be less than or equal to Ra1.6 on the premise of processing and feeding 0.15mm-0.2mm.
The first chip breaking groove 6 is in a semi-ellipse shape, the semi-major axis La is 2mm, and the semi-minor axis Lb is 1mm; the second chip-breaking groove 7 extends along the path of the lug 5 to the root of the lug plateau 8.
The shape of the open V-shaped groove 3 is not limited to a V shape, a certain cutting effect can be achieved as long as the groove is an open groove, but the mechanical property of the open V-shaped groove 3 is better, and the production and the manufacture are simpler.
The cutter body 1 is provided with positioning V-shaped grooves 9 on two opposite side surfaces respectively; the positioning V-shaped groove 9 can play a role in installing and positioning a cutter, and can also introduce cooling liquid into a cutting position to play a role in cooling a working surface.
The cutter can ensure that the width of the chip breaking scrap iron is 1mm-2mm and the length of the chip breaking scrap iron is 17mm-23mm on the premise that the machining precision is ensured to be less than or equal to Ra1.2 by the accurate matching of the open type V-shaped groove 3, the finishing edge, the cutting edge 4, the convex edge 5, the first chip breaking groove 6 and the second chip breaking groove 7. Especially in the process of processing the bottom of the groove, the technical problem of difficult chip breaking can be solved on the premise of ensuring the processing precision, so that the processing efficiency, the processing precision, the cutting control and the like are comprehensively improved, and the groove processing of the thin-wall guide groove is excellent.
The working principle is as follows:
when the groove wall of the guide sleeve groove is finely turned, the iron chips cut from the groove opening to the groove bottom are mainly blocked by the convex edge 5 and curled towards the second chip breaking groove 7 to play a role in assisting chip breaking; when the groove bottom of the guide sleeve groove is finely turned, a cutter can be conveyed from the bottom end of the groove wall on one side to the bottom end of the groove wall on the other side, at the initial position of the groove bottom of the fine turning, part of the groove bottom which is not finely turned falls into the open V-shaped groove 3, is cut by the inner side of the cutting edge 4, is mainly blocked by the convex edge 5, is curled towards the direction of the first chip breaking groove 6, generates thread-shaped iron chips with the width narrower than that of the cutting edge 4, and plays a role in auxiliary chip breaking, and the rest of the groove bottom is cut by the outer side of the cutting edge 4, is mainly blocked by the convex edge 5, is curled towards the direction of the second chip breaking groove 7, and plays a role in auxiliary chip breaking; and because the width of the scrap iron is reduced, the scrap iron can be timely broken by matching with the impact of high-pressure water in the actual processing process, the formation of strip-shaped scrap iron is avoided, the scrap breaking effect is ensured, and the surface of a workpiece is protected from being scratched and a cutter is protected from being wound and damaged. The width of the cutting edge 4 is reduced, the contact area is smaller when the groove bottom is machined, so that the vibration amplitude of the cutter is smaller, the chip breaking effect is good, the vibration amplitude is small, stable and continuous cutting can be kept when the thin-wall guide sleeve groove is finely turned by the cutter, the machining efficiency is improved, the machining precision that the roughness is less than or equal to Ra1.2 can be realized at normal speed, and the machining precision that the roughness is less than or equal to Ra1.6 can be realized after the machining speed is further improved.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, a method for machining a groove of a thin-walled guide sleeve by using the tool of embodiment 1 includes the following steps:
step S1: roughly turning a groove 11 of the thin-wall guide sleeve 10, and reserving a machining allowance of 0.2 mm;
step S2: the cutting part 2 feeds from the first groove wall of the groove 11, the cutting part 2 is ensured to be vertical to the groove bottom, the first groove wall is finely turned until the cutting edge 4 advances to the groove bottom, and a boss is formed in the open groove;
and step S3: retracting the cutter;
and step S4: feeding the cutting part 2 from a second groove wall of the groove 11, ensuring that the cutting part 2 is vertical to the groove bottom, and finely turning the second groove wall until the cutting edge 4 advances to the groove bottom;
step S5: the cutting part 2 is cut transversely from the bottom end of the second groove wall to the bottom end of the first groove wall.
Wherein, in the step S2, the step S4 and the step S5, the cutter does not rotate, the guide sleeve 10 rotates, the cut scrap iron is washed by using high-pressure water, the cutting speed is 2500 mm/min-3000mm/min, the processing feed is 0.1mm-0.15mm, the cutting depth is 0.15mm-0.2mm, and continuous cutting is kept.
The outer diameter of the finished product of the processed guide sleeve 10 is 80mm-650mm, the wall thickness is 7mm-15mm, the depth of the groove 11 is 6mm-12mm, the width of the chip breaking scrap iron is 1-2mm, and the length is 17-23mm.
After the machining method is used for machining, a roughness meter and a three-coordinate measuring instrument are used for detecting roughness and roundness, the roughness of the groove 11 is less than or equal to Ra1.2, and the roundness of the guide sleeve 10 is less than or equal to 0.05mm.
Example 3
This example differs from example 2 in that: the machining allowance in the step S1 is 0.25mm; in the steps S2, S4 and S5, the cutting speed is 3000 mm/min-3500mm/min, the processing feed is 0.15mm-0.2mm, and the cutting depth is 0.2-0.25mm.
The processing efficiency of the processing method is 1.2-1.3 times of that of the embodiment 2, and after the processing is finished, a roughness meter and a three-coordinate measuring instrument are used for detecting the roughness and the roundness, the roughness of the groove is less than or equal to Ra1.6, and the roundness of the guide sleeve is less than or equal to 0.06mm.
Finally, it should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that: modifications of the embodiments of the invention or equivalent substitutions for parts of the technical features are possible; without departing from the spirit of the present invention, it is intended to cover all aspects of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The thin-wall guide sleeve groove cutting machining method is characterized in that a special cutter is adopted for machining, the special cutter comprises a cutter body and a cutting part, the root of the cutting part is connected with the end part of the cutter body, an open groove and two cutting edges are arranged at the head part of the cutting part, the groove bottom of the open groove is sunken towards the root of the cutting part, and the two cutting edges are symmetrically arranged at the end parts of two sides of the open groove; the cutting part is provided with two convex edges, a first chip breaking groove and two second chip breaking grooves on the side where the front cutter surfaces of the two cutting edges are located, the two convex edges and the two cutting edges are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence mode, the convex edges extend from the tool tips of the cutting edges to the root of the cutting part and are connected at the root to form a convex edge platform integrally, the two convex edges are arranged around the outer side of the first chip breaking groove, and the outer side of each convex edge and the tool tips of the cutting edges form the second chip breaking groove;
the method comprises the following steps:
step S1: roughly turning a groove of the thin-wall guide sleeve, and reserving a machining allowance of 0.2mm-0.25 mm;
step S2: feeding a cutter from a first groove wall of the groove by the cutting part, ensuring that the cutting part is vertical to the groove bottom, finely turning the first groove wall until the cutting edge advances to the groove bottom, and forming a boss in the open groove;
and step S3: withdrawing the cutter;
and step S4: feeding a cutter from a second groove wall of the groove by the cutting part, ensuring that the cutting part is vertical to the groove bottom, and finely turning the second groove wall until the cutting edge moves to the groove bottom;
step S5: cutting the cutting portion laterally from the second slot wall bottom end to the first slot wall bottom end;
wherein, the step S2, the step S4 and the step S5 are performed by using high-pressure water to wash the cut iron filings.
2. The thin-wall guide sleeve groove cutting machining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the tool nose adopts a finishing edge which consists of 3-6 circular arcs with different radiuses, and the radius Rn of each circular arc is 0.1-0.2 mm.
3. The thin-wall guide sleeve groove cutting machining method according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the steps S2, S4 and S5, the cutting speed is 2500 mm/min-3500mm/min, the processing feed is 0.1mm-0.2mm, and the cutting depth is 0.15mm-0.25mm.
4. The thin-wall guide sleeve groove cutting machining method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the machining allowance in the step S1 is 0.2mm, in the step S2, the step S4 and the step S5, the cutting speed is 2500 mm/min-3000mm/min, the machining feed is 0.1mm-0.15mm, and the cutting depth is 0.15mm-0.2mm.
5. The thin-walled guide sleeve groove cutting machining method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the machining allowance in the step S1 is 0.25mm, in the step S2, the step S4 and the step S5, the cutting speed is 3000 mm/min-3500mm/min, the machining feed is 0.15mm-0.2mm, and the cutting depth is 0.2mm-0.25mm.
6. The thin-walled guide sleeve groove cutting processing method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: in the steps S2, S4 and S5, the cutter does not rotate, the guide sleeve rotates, and continuous cutting is kept.
7. The thin-walled guide sleeve groove cutting machining method according to claim 6, characterized in that: width L of the cutting edge 1 Is 0.6mm-0.8mm.
8. The thin-walled guide sleeve groove cutting machining method according to claim 7, characterized in that: the width Lc of the second chip breaking groove at the cutter point is 0.18mm-0.4mm.
9. The thin-walled guide sleeve groove cutting machining method according to claim 8, characterized in that: the included angle gamma between the rake face of the cutting edge and the base surface is 15-20 degrees, the main cutting edge of the cutting edge is passivated at the position of 0.05-0.1 mm, and the chamfering angle eta at the tool nose of the cutting edge is 3-6 degrees.
10. The thin-walled guide sleeve groove cutting processing method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that: the overall blade width L of the cutting portion is 4mm.
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| CN202211514918.9A CN115815976A (en) | 2022-11-30 | 2022-11-30 | Thin-wall guide sleeve groove cutting machining method |
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| CN202211514918.9A CN115815976A (en) | 2022-11-30 | 2022-11-30 | Thin-wall guide sleeve groove cutting machining method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117415348A (en) * | 2023-12-14 | 2024-01-19 | 赣州澳克泰工具技术有限公司 | Bevel cutting insert and cutting tool with enhanced chip breaking capability |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117415348A (en) * | 2023-12-14 | 2024-01-19 | 赣州澳克泰工具技术有限公司 | Bevel cutting insert and cutting tool with enhanced chip breaking capability |
| CN117415348B (en) * | 2023-12-14 | 2024-03-15 | 赣州澳克泰工具技术有限公司 | Bevel cutting insert and cutting tool with enhanced chip breaking capability |
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