CN115814728A - Device and method for preparing nano diamond powder by using underwater electric explosion metal wire - Google Patents
Device and method for preparing nano diamond powder by using underwater electric explosion metal wire Download PDFInfo
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- CN115814728A CN115814728A CN202211578218.6A CN202211578218A CN115814728A CN 115814728 A CN115814728 A CN 115814728A CN 202211578218 A CN202211578218 A CN 202211578218A CN 115814728 A CN115814728 A CN 115814728A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for preparing nano diamond powder by using underwater electric explosion metal wires.A wire feeding mechanism is fixedly arranged on an explosion container and is connected with the metal wires; the explosion container is provided with two electrodes, the two electrodes are connected with a high-voltage pulse capacitor, and the high-voltage pulse capacitor is connected with a high-voltage direct-current power supply; the preparation method comprises the following steps: grinding the amorphous carbon solid waste; washing the residual carbon source powder by deionized water; preparing carbon source powder mixed solution by using deionized water; feeding the mixed liquid into an explosion container, wherein two electrodes are communicated with two ends of a metal wire, a high-voltage direct-current power supply charges the high-voltage pulse capacitor for explosion, the mixed liquid in the explosion container is discharged from a discharge hole, and solids are separated; removing the nano metal powder in the solid; drying to obtain the nano diamond powder. Amorphous carbon solid waste is used as a raw material, and the raw material is synthesized into nano diamond powder through high temperature and high pressure generated by electric explosion, so that the reclamation of the solid waste, pollution reduction and carbon reduction are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nano diamond powder preparation, in particular to a device and a method for preparing nano diamond powder by using an underwater electric explosion metal wire.
Background
The nano diamond is an industrial material with high value, and can be used for ultra-precision polishing, lubricating oil additives, biomedicine, stealth materials and the like. Most of the existing widely used methods for preparing nano-diamond are high-temperature high-pressure synthesis methods, such as TNT explosion synthesis, high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle synthesis and the like. However, the former method has high cost and is difficult to widely popularize and industrialize; the latter is mostly used for miniaturization application in laboratories, and has complex process and low yield.
The metal wire electric explosion method is a physical phenomenon that when strong pulse current passes through a conductor wire in a certain medium (such as inert gas, water and the like), the physical state of a conductor material is changed rapidly, and electric energy is converted into energy in other forms (such as heat energy, plasma radiation energy, shock wave energy and the like) rapidly. The preparation of the nano powder material by using the electric explosion can be used as a pure physical method (such as the preparation of nano powder in an inert gas environment) or a comprehensive preparation method for development (by controlling the chemical reaction of high-temperature and high-pressure metal steam after the explosion and an environmental medium). At present, a device and a process for synthesizing amorphous carbon solid waste into nano diamond powder by using high temperature and high pressure generated by electric explosion have not been reported at home and abroad.
The defects of the existing technology for preparing the nano diamond powder are mainly as follows:
firstly, from the technical aspect: the existing process for synthesizing the nano-diamond powder has the problems of high cost, limited preparation process fields and equipment, incapability of considering both economy and yield, unclear industrialization promotion path and the like.
From the aspect of energy consumption: the high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle method has high energy consumption and complex preparation, and is not beneficial to popularization and application in the current carbon and international background.
From the reactor side: both the TNT explosion method and the high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle method have strict requirements on a reactor (temperature resistance, pressure resistance, enough firmness and stability).
From the aspect of cost: the TNT explosion method with large synthesis yield has high cost and cannot be popularized and applied.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for preparing nano diamond powder by using an underwater electric explosion metal wire, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme: the invention provides a device for preparing nano diamond powder by using underwater electric explosion metal wires, which comprises an explosion container, wherein the top of the outer side of the explosion container is fixedly provided with a wire feeding mechanism, the wire feeding mechanism is connected with metal wires, and the metal wires are positioned in the explosion container; two electrodes are arranged in the explosion container, the two electrodes are electrically connected with a high-voltage pulse capacitor, and the high-voltage pulse capacitor is electrically connected with a high-voltage direct-current power supply; the explosive container is characterized in that a feed inlet is formed in one side of the explosive container, a discharge outlet is formed in the bottom of the explosive container, and the feed inlet and the discharge outlet are communicated with the inside of the explosive container.
Preferably, the bottom of the explosion container is provided with a first observation window and a second observation window for observing the inside of the explosion container.
Preferably, two of said electrodes are slidably connected to the interior of said explosive container.
Preferably, the explosion container is made of stainless steel materials.
A method for preparing nano diamond powder by using underwater electric explosion metal wires comprises the following steps:
a. crushing and grinding amorphous carbon solid waste, and removing large particles and impurities by screening;
b. washing the residual carbon source powder by deionized water, and removing the abrasive particles of the residual amorphous carbon solid waste by precipitation separation;
c. preparing carbon source powder mixed solution by using deionized water;
d. feeding the mixed liquid into an explosion container through a feeding port, automatically feeding metal wires into the container by an automatic wire feeding mechanism, adjusting two electrodes to be respectively communicated with two ends of the metal wires, charging a high-voltage pulse capacitor by a high-voltage direct-current power supply after the electrodes are communicated with the metal wires in a contact manner, and exploding after the charging is finished; repeating the above steps to repeatedly explode the metal wire in the mixed solution;
e. d, after the explosion procedure in the step d is finished, discharging the mixed liquid in the explosion container from a discharge hole, filtering the mixed liquid, and separating out solids;
f. removing the nano metal powder generated by the electric explosion of the metal wire in the solid;
g. removing residual amorphous carbon particles from the solids;
h. and washing and drying the residual solid particles to obtain the nano diamond powder.
Preferably, the automatic wire feeder in step d automatically feeds the metal wire to a position 200mm below the liquid level in the container.
Preferably, in the step f, the nano metal powder generated by the electric explosion of the metal wire in the solid is removed by an acid washing method or an electrolytic method.
Preferably, the amorphous carbon particles are dissolved using any one of perchloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and potassium permanganate in the step g.
Preferably, the particle size of the nano-diamond powder obtained in the step h is controlled to be 10-50nm.
The invention discloses the following technical effects: the invention designs a device and a method for preparing nano diamond powder by using underwater electric explosion metal wires, amorphous carbon solid waste is used as a raw material, and the raw material is synthesized into the nano diamond powder through high temperature and high pressure generated by electric explosion, so that the reclamation of the solid waste, pollution reduction and carbon reduction are realized; the invention adopts the metal wire electric explosion in water to replace the explosive explosion for the first time to prepare the nano diamond powder in China; converting amorphous carbon solid waste which is difficult to treat into high value-added nano diamond powder; the production process of the device is safer and more efficient, and unattended production can be realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of an underwater electric explosion device according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a process flow diagram for preparing nano diamond powder according to the present invention.
Wherein: 1. an automatic wire feeder; 2. an explosive container; 3. an electrode; 4. a feed inlet; 5. a first observation window; 6. a discharge port; 7. a second observation window; 8. a high voltage direct current power supply; 9. a high voltage pulse capacitor; 10. a wire.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
The first embodiment is as follows: in the electric explosion method of this embodiment, the metal wire 10 is taken as an example, and an iron wire with a diameter of 0.5-1mm and a purity of 90-99.5% can be adopted; the distance between the electrodes 3 is set to be adjustable between 0 and 200 mm; the set value of the charging voltage of the power supply is 20-35kV; the explosion interval is set to 0.5-10 seconds.
Referring to fig. 1-2, the embodiment provides an apparatus for preparing nano diamond powder from underwater electric explosion metal wires, which includes an explosion container 2, a wire feeding mechanism is fixedly disposed at the top of the outer side of the explosion container 2, the wire feeding mechanism is connected with a metal wire 10, and the metal wire 10 is located inside the explosion container 2; two electrodes 3 are arranged in the explosion container 2, the two electrodes 3 are electrically connected with a high-voltage pulse capacitor 9, the metal wire 10 is communicated with the electrodes 3 to discharge electricity instantly after being charged by a power supply, and the electric energy accumulated in the capacitor is applied to the metal wire 10 instantly to cause the metal wire to be overloaded and generate electric explosion; the high-voltage pulse capacitor 9 is electrically connected with a high-voltage direct current power supply 8, and the high-voltage direct current power supply 8 charges the high-voltage pulse capacitor 9 to provide basic energy for explosion; feed inlet 4 has been seted up to explosive container 2 one side, and discharge gate 6 has been seted up to explosive container 2's bottom, and feed inlet 4 and discharge gate 6 all communicate with explosive container 2 is inside.
The advantages of the electric explosion method are that:
the energy conversion efficiency is high. Electrical energy is easily converted into heat energy by means of the resistance of the wire 10 in the discharge circuit; the prepared material has more uniform particle size distribution and high purity. The pulse discharge can simultaneously gasify the whole metal wire 10, the gasification effect is more uniform than that obtained by gasifying pulse laser and particle beams from the metal surface, the surrounding environment medium is well controlled, and the high purity of the nano powder can be ensured (the purity of the metal nano material can reach 99%); the technological parameters are convenient to adjust. The granularity can be effectively controlled by adjusting parameters such as capacitance, charging voltage, the size of the explosion wire and the like; the method has strong universality. Various types of nano powder materials can be prepared by an electric explosion method; does not generate harmful substances and does not damage the environment, and is a green method for preparing nano powder.
The automatic wire feeding mechanism 1 of the device can feed a target metal wire 10 into an explosion container 2 according to a set automatic program, and controls an explosion area by adjusting the positions of electrodes 3 applied to two ends of the metal wire 10, and the automatic wire feeding mechanism 1 of the device can adopt a motor to drive a rotating shaft to rotate for feeding wires, wherein the metal wire 10 is wound on the rotating shaft or a rotating roller, and can also adopt modes of manual wire feeding and the like for feeding wires; any conventional wire feeder, device, etc. may be used as the wire feeder of the present invention.
Enough explosion space is reserved in the explosion space, and the bottom of the explosion container 2 is provided with a first observation window 5 and a second observation window 7 for observing the inside of the explosion container 2. Two electrodes 3 are slidably connected to the inside of the explosion container 2. The explosion container 2 is made of stainless steel material. An operator can observe the interior of the explosion container 2 through the first observation window 5 and the second observation window 7, can observe the bottom of the explosion container 2 in multiple directions, and monitors the preparation process in real time.
A method for preparing nano diamond powder by using an underwater electric explosion metal wire 10 comprises the following steps:
a. crushing and grinding amorphous carbon solid waste, and removing large particles and impurities by screening; (the raw material for the device process is solid waste containing a large amount of amorphous carbon, such as solid waste powder generated in the processing process of carbon fiber composite materials, or powder prepared by grinding blocky waste materials, or solid waste generated in the processing process of carbon nano materials such as carbon nano tubes, graphene and the like.)
b. Washing the residual carbon source powder by deionized water, and removing the abrasive particles of the residual amorphous carbon solid waste by precipitation separation;
c. preparing carbon source powder mixed solution by using deionized water;
d. feeding the mixed solution into an explosion container 2 through a feeding port, automatically feeding a metal wire 10 into the container 200mm below the liquid level by an automatic wire feeding mechanism 1, adjusting two electrodes 3 to be respectively communicated with two ends of the metal wire 10, charging a high-voltage direct-current power supply 8 for a high-voltage pulse capacitor 9 after the electrodes 3 are contacted and communicated with the metal wire 10, and exploding after the charging is finished; repeating this step to repeatedly explode the metal wire 10 in the mixed solution;
e. d, after the explosion procedure in the step d is finished, discharging the mixed liquid in the explosion container 2 from a discharge hole 6, filtering the mixed liquid, and separating out solids;
f. removing nano metal powder generated by electric explosion of the metal wire 10 in the solid by adopting an acid washing method or an electrolytic method; the acid washing method generally employs hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, or the like.
g. Dissolving residual amorphous carbon particles in the solid by adopting any one of perchloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and potassium permanganate;
h. washing and drying the residual solid particles to obtain the nano diamond powder, and adjusting the particle size to 50-10nm by controlling process parameters.
The invention realizes the replacement of production raw materials. The invention adopts amorphous carbon solid waste as a production raw material to embody the concepts of solid waste recycling, pollution reduction and carbon reduction. In the actual production of diamond powder, high-purity graphite powder can also be used as a raw material. Alternative to the explosive method. The invention adopts an electric explosion method to generate high temperature and high pressure. If the invented technology can generate high temperature and high pressure instantly, it can be substituted. And partial links of the whole production process are replaced. The production process of the invention purifies the powder by one step in each link and discharges impurities. If the purification links are integrated, different purification methods and agents can be adopted for substitution.
Example two: this example differs from example one only in that the present example uses a metal foil instead of the metal wire 10 to prepare nanodiamond powder; the apparatus used and the method steps for making are the same as for the wire 10.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description of the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (9)
1. Device of aquatic electric explosion wire preparation nanometer diamond powder, its characterized in that: the wire feeding device comprises an explosion container (2), wherein a wire feeding mechanism is fixedly arranged at the top of the outer side of the explosion container (2), the wire feeding mechanism is connected with a metal wire (10), and the metal wire (10) is positioned in the explosion container (2); two electrodes (3) are arranged in the explosion container (2), the two electrodes (3) are electrically connected with a high-voltage pulse capacitor (9), and the high-voltage pulse capacitor (9) is electrically connected with a high-voltage direct current power supply (8); feed inlet (4) have been seted up to explosion container (2) one side, discharge gate (6) have been seted up to the bottom of explosion container (2), feed inlet (4) with discharge gate (6) all with explosion container (2) inside intercommunication.
2. The apparatus for preparing nanodiamond powder using underwater electric explosion wire as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the bottom of the explosion container (2) is provided with a first observation window (5) and a second observation window (7) for observing the interior of the explosion container (2).
3. The apparatus for preparing nanodiamond powder using underwater electric explosion wire as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the two electrodes (3) are connected with the inside of the explosion container (2) in a sliding way.
4. The apparatus for preparing nanodiamond powder using underwater electric explosion wire as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the explosion container (2) is made of stainless steel materials.
5. A method for preparing nano diamond powder by using underwater electric explosion metal wire, which is based on the device for preparing nano diamond powder by using underwater electric explosion metal wire in any one of claims 1 to 4, and comprises the following steps:
a. crushing and grinding amorphous carbon solid waste, and removing large particles and impurities by screening;
b. washing the residual carbon source powder by deionized water, and removing the abrasive particles of the residual amorphous carbon solid waste by precipitation separation;
c. preparing carbon source powder mixed solution by using deionized water;
d. the mixed liquid is fed into an explosion container (2) through a feeding port, a metal wire (10) is automatically fed into the container by an automatic wire feeding mechanism (1), two electrodes (3) are adjusted to be respectively communicated with two ends of the metal wire (10), after the electrodes (3) are contacted and communicated with the metal wire (10), a high-voltage direct-current power supply (8) charges a high-voltage pulse capacitor (9), and explosion is carried out after charging is finished; repeating the step (d) to repeatedly explode the metal wire (10) in the mixed liquid;
e. d, after the explosion procedure in the step d is finished, discharging the mixed liquid in the explosion container (2) from a discharge hole (6), filtering the mixed liquid, and separating out solids;
f. removing nano metal powder generated by the electric explosion of the metal wire (10) in the solid;
g. removing residual amorphous carbon particles from the solids;
h. and washing and drying the residual solid particles to obtain the nano diamond powder.
6. The method for preparing nanodiamond powder using underwater electric explosion wire as claimed in claim 5, wherein: and d, automatically feeding the metal wire (10) to a position 200mm below the liquid level in the container by the automatic wire feeding mechanism (1) in the step d.
7. The method for preparing nanodiamond powder using underwater electric explosion wire as claimed in claim 5, wherein: and in the step f, removing nano metal powder generated by electric explosion of the metal wire (10) in the solid by adopting an acid washing method or an electrolytic method.
8. The method for preparing nanodiamond powder using underwater electro-explosive wire according to claim 5, wherein: and g, dissolving the amorphous carbon particles by adopting any one of perchloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and potassium permanganate.
9. The method for preparing nanodiamond powder using underwater electric explosion wire as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the particle size of the nano diamond powder obtained in the step h is controlled to be 10-50nm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202211578218.6A CN115814728A (en) | 2022-12-09 | 2022-12-09 | Device and method for preparing nano diamond powder by using underwater electric explosion metal wire |
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| CN202211578218.6A CN115814728A (en) | 2022-12-09 | 2022-12-09 | Device and method for preparing nano diamond powder by using underwater electric explosion metal wire |
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| CN202211578218.6A Pending CN115814728A (en) | 2022-12-09 | 2022-12-09 | Device and method for preparing nano diamond powder by using underwater electric explosion metal wire |
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