CN115813517B

CN115813517B - Cervical vertebra posterior vertebral plate forming fixing plate

Info

Publication number: CN115813517B
Application number: CN202310120176.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 纪志盛; 林宏生
Original assignee: Jinan University
Current assignee: Jinan University
Priority date: 2023-02-16
Filing date: 2023-02-16
Publication date: 2023-05-09
Anticipated expiration: 2043-02-16
Also published as: CN115813517A

Abstract

The invention provides a cervical vertebra posterior vertebral plate forming fixing plate, which comprises a first connecting plate, a second connecting plate and a locking mechanism, wherein the fixing plate is connected to vertebral bodies at two ends of a door shaft side, and the two connecting plates are hinged to realize relative rotation; the fixing plate is provided with a locking hole, and the locking hole is used for connecting and fixing the two vertebral bodies at the two ends of the door shaft side; the locking mechanism is used for locking the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate at a required relative angle position. Therefore, the portal side of the vertebral plate can be directly bitten during operation, then the fixed plate is used for replacing rotation, and meanwhile, the root of the portal side of the vertebral plate can be kept in contact with the cervical vertebra part, so that the later bone healing is integrated; the operation time is greatly shortened, and the problem of fracture and subsidence of the door shaft side caused by the later-stage activity of a patient can be effectively prevented; the locking mechanism can reduce the fixing stability requirement of the vertebral body fixing plate at the door opening side, and effectively avoid the problem that the vertebral body fixing plate at the door opening side loosens in the long-term use process to cause the compression of spinal nerves again.

Description

Cervical vertebra posterior vertebral plate forming fixing plate

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of medical instruments, in particular to a cervical vertebra posterior lamina forming fixing plate.

Background

With the development of the age, the incidence rate of degenerative diseases of cervical vertebrae gradually increases due to long-term sitting and low head watching of modern people, and the health of the people is seriously affected. Cervical spondylosis is caused by the compression of spinal nerves due to the occupation of the cervical spinal canal by herniated discs, thickened ligaments, or proliferated osteophytes.

The clinically common solutions mainly comprise anterior surgery and posterior surgery, wherein the posterior laminoplasty mainly comprises two types of posterior single-door laminoplasty, one type of posterior laminoplasty is that the posterior of the cervical vertebra is cut off from the posterior side of the cervical vertebra during surgery, muscles on the posterior side of the cervical vertebra are stripped from the vertebrae to expose cervical vertebra lamina, then the root of one side lamina is bitten into an outer layer lamina as a portal axis side, the root of the other side lamina is opened and rotated by taking the opposite side (portal axis side) as an axis, and finally the rotated lamina is fixed; another approach is a two-door laminoplasty, with the bilateral lamina root as the portal axis, rotated from the medial incision to both sides of the lamina.

The two operations can enlarge the vertebral canal cavity and lighten the compression on spinal nerves, but in the operation process, the operation difficulty of biting an outer layer bone plate on one side of the vertebral plate is higher, and sometimes the fracture of the side of the portal shaft caused by excessive biting can lose the effect of the portal shaft; sometimes the door shaft side can not realize the door shaft rotation effect due to insufficient biting; even if the bite is just right, the door shaft side is generally not fixed, and the door opening side at the root part of the vertebral plate at the other side is fixed through the fixing plate, so that the door shaft side can be broken and sunk in the later activity process of a patient, thereby pressing spinal nerves again.

Besides the two operations, the two sides of the vertebral plate are directly cut off, then the two side cutting parts are connected with the vertebral steel plate, the first plate and the second plate of the vertebral steel plate can rotate relatively, the height of the vertebral plate is adjusted through the rotation of the first plate and the second plate, so that the purpose of enlarging the vertebral canal cavity is achieved. The two operations have the connection part between the vertebral plate at the portal side and the cervical vertebra, so that the postoperative effect that the root of the vertebral plate at the portal side and the cervical vertebra are healed into a whole can be achieved.

Therefore, it is necessary to develop a posterior cervical vertebral plate forming and fixing plate which can assist in achieving the function of the portal side and can achieve the healing of the vertebral plate root and the cervical bone on the later portal side.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems and the defects, and provides a cervical spine posterior lamina forming fixing plate which is used for effectively solving the problems that the existing portal side bite operation is difficult and time-consuming, fracture risks exist, and long-term use instability is caused by failure of bone healing due to other vertebral body fixing modes of completely separating the lamina from the cervical spine.

The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:

the invention relates to a cervical vertebra posterior vertebral plate forming fixing plate which is characterized by comprising a first connecting plate, a second connecting plate and a locking mechanism, wherein the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate are respectively connected to vertebral bodies at two ends of the cervical vertebra posterior operation portal shaft side; the first connecting plate comprises a first connecting end and a first locking plate, the second connecting plate comprises a second connecting end and a second locking plate, and the first connecting end is hinged with the second connecting end so as to realize the relative rotation of the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate; the first locking plate and the second locking plate are respectively provided with a locking hole, and the first locking plate or the second locking plate is fixedly connected with the two end vertebral bodies at the door shaft side through the locking holes; the locking mechanism is arranged on the first connecting end or the second connecting end and is used for locking the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate at a required relative angle position.

Further, the locking mechanism has an unlocked state and a locked state, and in the unlocked state, the first connecting plate freely rotates relative to the second connecting plate; in the locking state, the first connecting plate is locked in a one-way rotation mode or a two-way rotation mode relative to the second connecting plate.

In some embodiments, the locking mechanism includes a locking gear, a spring and a limit bump, the first connection end is correspondingly provided with a gear recess meshed with the locking gear, the locking gear can extend into the gear recess to be meshed and matched under the action of the spring, the limit bump is fixedly connected with the locking gear, and the limit bump extends into a slot formed in the second connection end, so that the locking mechanism is in the locking state.

Further, an arc-shaped groove communicated with the groove is formed in one end, far away from the gear concave position, of the groove, the arc-shaped groove can be used for enabling the limiting protruding block to be screwed in, the locking gear is pushed away from the gear concave position, then the limiting protruding block is rotated to enable the limiting protruding block to be screwed in the arc-shaped groove, at the moment, the locking gear is limited by the limiting protruding block to be in a state of being separated from the gear concave position, namely, the locking mechanism is in the unlocking state, and the first connecting end and the second connecting end can rotate relatively.

For convenient operation, the locking gear is provided with an operation convex column at one end far away from the limit convex block, the first connecting end is correspondingly provided with a through hole for the operation part of the operation convex column to be exposed, and the locking gear is meshed with or separated from the gear concave position by operating the operation part.

In some embodiments, the locking mechanism includes a sliding latch slidably coupled to the first connection end and a slot having a plurality of circumferentially spaced apart slots disposed on the second connection end, the slot having an open end facing the sliding latch, the locking mechanism being in the locked state when the sliding latch is inserted into one of the slots.

Further, a sliding groove with a wide bottom and a narrow top is formed in the first connecting end, the sliding bolt comprises a sliding block and a protruding pin, the shape of the sliding block is matched with that of the sliding groove, the sliding block is inserted into the sliding groove, the protruding pin protrudes into the slot when the sliding block is positioned at the port of the sliding groove, and the locking mechanism is in the locking state; when the sliding block is positioned in the deep part of the sliding groove, the protruding pin is retracted into the sliding groove, and the locking mechanism is in the unlocking state.

In some embodiments, the locking mechanism includes a ratchet, a pawl and a locking block, where the ratchet is connected to an outer end of the second connection end through a rotating shaft, the ratchet is rotationally connected to the second connection end synchronously, and a concave position is correspondingly opened at an inner end of the first connection end for accommodating the ratchet; the pawl is connected to the first connecting end in a swinging way, and the claw end of the pawl extends into the ratchet gap of the ratchet wheel; the locking block is locked on the first connecting end to limit the pawl from swinging in the opposite direction.

Further, a limiting block is arranged on one side, facing the locking block, of the pawl, a limiting block extends out of one side, facing the direction of the limiting block, of the locking block, a locking hole is formed in the other side of the locking block, and the locking block is locked with the first connecting end through screwing in the locking hole and the first connecting end through a screw; after locking, the pawl can only swing towards the direction far away from the locking block, namely, only one relatively rotatable direction exists between the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate, and the rotating direction is the direction enabling the opening angle of the opening side of the vertebral plate to be larger.

In some embodiments, the locking holes on the first locking plate and the second locking plate are bar-shaped locking holes, and the connection positions of the first locking plate or the second locking plate relative to the vertebral bodies at two ends of the door shaft side are adjustable through the bar-shaped locking holes.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:

1. the fixing plate is used for being connected to the position of the door shaft side, the rotation of the door shaft side is replaced by the characteristic that the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate of the fixing plate can rotate relatively, so that the door shaft side can directly bite the vertebral plate when the bite operation is carried out, the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate are respectively connected to vertebral bodies at two ends of the door shaft side, the side (the door shaft side) of the vertebral plate can still rotate, the opening size of the other side (the door opening side) of the vertebral plate can be adjusted through the relative rotation of the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate, the size of a vertebral cavity is changed, the purpose of enlarging the vertebral cavity is realized, the root of the door shaft side of the vertebral plate can be kept in contact with the cervical vertebra, and the bone healing of the vertebral plate root of the door shaft side and the cervical vertebra at the later stage can be realized;

2. Because the fixing plate is arranged on the door shaft side for auxiliary fixation, the requirement on the accuracy of the biting operation on the door shaft side is not high, the time consumption of the operation is not excessively long, and the problem that the spinal nerves are pressed again due to the fact that the door shaft side is broken and sagged in the later-stage activity process of a patient can be effectively prevented through auxiliary fixation;

3. the locking mechanism is arranged, and the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate can be locked at the required relative angle positions, so that in the operation process, after the opening size of the door opening side is adjusted to be enough, the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate are rotationally locked through the locking mechanism, so that the fixing stability requirement of the vertebral body fixing plate at the door opening side can be reduced, and the problem that the rotation of the door shaft side is caused due to the loosening of the vertebral body fixing plate at the door opening side in the long-term use process, so that the opening angle at the door opening side is reduced, and spinal nerves are pressed again is effectively avoided; even if the connection stability of the fixing plate is strong, the arrangement of the vertebral body fixing plate at the door opening side can be omitted;

4. the first locking plate and the second locking plate are respectively provided with a strip-shaped lock hole, so that the connection distance and the connection position of the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate of the fixing plate relative to two sides of a vertebral body can be more conveniently adjusted in the operation process, the purpose that the vertebral plate root part at the door shaft side can be tightly contacted with the cervical vertebra after connection and locking is achieved, and the healing speed of the vertebral plate root part at the door shaft side and cervical vertebra bone in the later period is improved.

The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing a first embodiment of a posterior cervical spine fixation plate according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the locking mechanism of FIG. 1 in a locked state;

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the locking mechanism of FIG. 1 in an unlocked state;

FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of the locking mechanism of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of the first connecting end in FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of the second connecting end in FIG. 1;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of a connection between a fixing plate and cervical vertebrae according to the first embodiment;

FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view showing a second embodiment of a posterior cervical spine fixation plate according to the present invention;

FIG. 9 is an exploded view of FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 is a schematic perspective view showing a third embodiment of a posterior cervical spine fixation plate according to the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the connection mating structure of the locking mechanism of FIG. 10;

fig. 12 is an exploded view of the locking mechanism of fig. 10.

Reference numerals:

a first connection plate 1;

the first connecting end 11, the first locking plate 12, the gear concave position 13, the through hole 14, the sliding groove 15, the concave position 16, the square through hole 17 and the connecting position 18;

A second connection plate 2;

the second connecting end 21, the second locking plate 22, the circular concave cavity 23, the circular hole 24, the slot 25 and the arc-shaped slot 26;

a locking mechanism 3;

the locking gear 31, the socket ring 311, the circular boss 312, the operation boss 313, the spring 32, the limit bump 33, the operation part 34, the sliding bolt 35, the sliding block 351, the boss 352, the slot 36, the ratchet wheel 37, the pawl 38, the pin hole 381, the limiting position 382, the locking block 39, the connecting block 391, the locking hole 392 and the limiting block 393;

a rotating shaft 4;

shaft hole 40, concave-convex line 41;

a strip-shaped lock hole 5;

lamina 61, cervical portion 62, spinal cavity 63;

a pin 7;

a screw 8;

and a screw 9.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate describing the present invention and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, features defining "first", "second" may include one or more such features, either explicitly or implicitly, for distinguishing between the descriptive features, and not sequentially, and not lightly.

In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "coupled", "connected" and "mounted" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.

The posterior cervical vertebral plate-shaped fixation plate of the present invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 7, the invention relates to a cervical spine posterior laminoplasty fixing plate, which comprises a first connecting plate 1, a second connecting plate 2 and a locking mechanism 3, wherein the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 are respectively connected to two vertebral bodies at two ends of the cervical spine posterior operation portal shaft side (such as the position of a reference sign a in fig. 7). The fixing plate is used for fixing the door shaft side, so that the problem that the door shaft side breaks and sags to press spinal nerves again in the later activity process of a patient can be effectively avoided.

The first connecting plate 1 comprises a first connecting end 11 and a first locking plate 12, the second connecting plate 2 comprises a second connecting end 21 and a second locking plate 22, wherein the first connecting end 11 and the second connecting end 21 are hinged to realize the relative rotation of the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2, the first locking plate 12 and the second locking plate 22 are respectively provided with a locking hole 392, and the first locking plate 12 or the second locking plate 22 is fixedly connected with vertebral bodies at two ends of a door shaft side through the locking holes 392. Therefore, the rotation of the door shaft side can be replaced by the characteristic that the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 of the fixing plate can rotate relatively, so that the door shaft side can directly bite the vertebral plate 61 when the biting operation is carried out, then the opening size of the other side (the door opening side, such as the position of the reference sign B in fig. 7) of the vertebral plate 61 is adjusted through the relative rotation of the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2, the size of the vertebral cavity 63 is changed, the purpose of enlarging the vertebral cavity 63 is realized, the root of the door shaft side of the vertebral plate 61 can be kept in contact with the cervical vertebra 62, and the root of the vertebral plate 61 at the door shaft side and the cervical vertebra 62 at the later stage can be healed into a whole through bones; moreover, the accuracy requirement on the biting operation of the door shaft side is not high, so that the operation is relatively simple and the time consumption is short.

The locking mechanism 3 of the present invention is provided on the first connection end 11 or the second connection end 21, and the locking mechanism 3 is used to lock the first connection plate 1 and the second connection plate 2 in a desired relative angular position. Therefore, in the operation process, after the opening size of the door opening side is adjusted to a sufficient angle, the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 are kept at a fixed angle through the locking mechanism 3 in a rotating and locking way, so that the requirement on the fixing stability of the vertebral body fixing plate at the door opening side can be reduced, the problem that the rotation of the door shaft side is caused by the loosening of the vertebral body fixing plate at the door opening side in the long-term use process, so that the opening angle at the door opening side is reduced and spinal nerves are pressed again is effectively avoided; even if the fixing plate of the present invention has a strong connection stability, the installation of the vertebral body fixing plate on the opening side can be omitted.

The first connecting end 11 and the second connecting end 21 of the invention are hinged in such a way that the first connecting end 11 is a shaft hole 40, the second connecting end 21 is a rotating shaft 4, and the two connecting ends are mutually hinged through the matching of the rotating shaft 4 and the shaft hole 40; it is also possible that both the first connection end 11 and the second connection end 21 are designed with shaft holes 40, and that the mutual articulation is achieved by the shaft 4 passing through the shaft holes 40 of both. In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, 8 and 10, the first connecting end 11 is a cylinder separately provided at both ends, and a shaft hole 40 is formed in the middle of the cylinder; the second connecting end 21 is a cylinder arranged in the middle, the diameter of the cylinder is the same as that of the cylinder of the first connecting end 11, a shaft hole 40 is formed in the middle of the same cylinder, the cylinder of the second connecting end 21 can be placed in a position between the two cylinders of the first connecting end 11, and the two cylinders are aligned and then inserted into the shaft hole 40 to form the rotary shaft 4, so that the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 can be connected together in a relatively rotary manner.

The locking mechanism 3 of the present invention has an unlocked state in which the first connecting plate 1 is free to rotate relative to the second connecting plate 2, facilitating the opening angle adjustment operation of the lamina 61 at the time of surgery, and the connection fixation of the lamina fixing plate on the other side (door opening side) of the lamina 61. In the locked state, the first connecting plate 1 is locked in a unidirectional rotation or a bidirectional rotation relative to the second connecting plate 2, wherein the unidirectional rotation is in a direction of enabling the opening angle of the door opening side to be larger, so that even if the vertebral plate 61 rotates after operation, the vertebral canal cavity 63 is not made smaller, and the problem of pressing spinal nerves again does not occur; of course, if both rotational directions are locked, the lamina 61 is fixed.

The locking mechanism 3 of the present invention may have various structural manners, in some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1 to 7, the locking mechanism 3 of this embodiment includes a locking gear 31, a spring 32 and a limit bump 33, the first connection end 11 is correspondingly provided with a gear concave position 13 meshed with the locking gear 31, and the locking gear 31 can extend into the gear concave position 13 to be meshed and matched under the action of the spring 32; the limiting projection 33 is fixedly connected with the locking gear 31, that is, the limiting projection 33 and the locking gear 31 cannot rotate or move relatively, the limiting projection 33 and the locking gear 31 can be integrally formed, the limiting projection 33 extends into the slot 25 formed in the second connecting end 21, that is, the limiting projection 33 and the second connecting end 21 cannot rotate relatively and can only rotate synchronously, the locking gear 31 is fixedly connected with the limiting projection 33, so that if the second connecting end 21 rotates, the locking gear 31 also rotates synchronously, and at the moment, the locking gear 31 is meshed with the gear concave 13 of the first connecting end 11, so that the locking gear 31 rotates necessarily to drive the first connecting end 11 to rotate, and the end result is that the first connecting end 11 and the second connecting end 21 are relatively fixed and cannot rotate relatively, that is, the locking mechanism 3 is in a locking state. Of course, the gear recess 13 may be formed on the second connecting end 21, and the corresponding slot 25 of the limiting bump 33 may be formed on the first connecting end 11.

In order to achieve that the locking mechanism 3 can be in an unlocked state, i.e. when the locking gear 31 is disengaged from the gear recess 13, and in order to keep the locking gear 31 in a disengaged state, so as to facilitate the free angular adjustment of the lamina 61 during surgery, the embodiment is provided with an arc-shaped slot 26 penetrating the slot 25 at one end of the slot 25 away from the gear recess 13, the arc-shaped slot 26 is provided with a limit lug 33 for screwing in, so that the limit lug 33 pushes the locking gear 31 away from the gear recess 13, the limit lug 33 moves along the slot 25 in the direction of the arc-shaped slot 26, and then the locking gear 31 is rotated, i.e. the limit lug 33 is screwed into the arc-shaped slot 26, and at this time, the limit lug 33 is blocked by the wall of the arc-shaped slot 26 and cannot move towards the gear recess 13, so that the locking gear 31 cannot be reset into the gear recess 13 under the action of the elasticity of the spring 32, i.e. the state that the locking gear 31 is kept disengaged from the gear recess 13, so that the locking mechanism 3 is in an unlocked state, and in this unlocked state, when the second connection end 21 is rotated, the limit lug 33 and the locking gear 31 are rotated, i.e. the first connection end 11 are kept opposite to the first connection end 11, and the second connection end 21 are rotated synchronously with the second connection end 21.

In order to facilitate that after the opening angle of the door opening side of the vertebral plate 61 is determined and the fixing plate is locked and fixed, the locking gear 31 can be reset to be engaged with the gear concave 13, that is, the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 are relatively locked, in this embodiment, an operation convex column 313 is arranged at one end of the locking gear 31 far away from the limit bump 33, the first connecting end 11 is correspondingly provided with a through hole 14 for exposing an operation part 34 of the operation convex column 313, and the engagement or disengagement of the locking gear 31 and the gear concave 13 is realized by operating the operation part 34.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 8 to 9, the locking mechanism 3 of this embodiment includes a sliding latch 35 and a slot 36, the sliding latch 35 is slidably connected to the first connection end 11, the slot 36 has a plurality of slots and is disposed on the second connection end 21 in a ring-shaped and spaced arrangement, the opening end of the slot 36 faces the sliding latch 35, and the locking mechanism 3 is in a locked state when the sliding latch 35 is inserted into one of the slots 36. Of course, the sliding latch 35 may also be disposed on the second connecting end 21, and the slot 36 may be disposed on the first connecting end 11, i.e. the positions may be exchanged.

To ensure that the sliding latch 35 does not fall, in some embodiments, a sliding groove 15 with a wide bottom and a narrow top is formed on the first connecting end 11 to which the sliding latch 35 is connected, such as a trapezoidal sliding groove 15, a convex sliding groove 15, etc., the upper end of the sliding groove 15 is opened for pulling the sliding latch 35, and the sliding groove 15 is also opened toward the direction of the slot 36 for inserting the sliding latch 35 into the slot 36; the corresponding sliding bolt 35 comprises a sliding block 351 and a protruding pin 352, the shape of the sliding block 351 is matched with that of the sliding groove 15, the sliding block 351 cannot fall from the opening position of the upper end of the sliding groove 15 when being inserted into the sliding groove 15, the sliding block 351 can slide in the sliding groove 15, when the sliding block 351 is positioned at the port of the sliding groove 15, the protruding pin 352 extends out of the sliding groove 15 and enters the slot 36, and the locking mechanism 3 is in a locking state; when the slide block 351 is located deep in the slide groove 15, the protruding pin 352 is retracted into the slide groove 15, and at this time, the lock mechanism 3 is in the unlock state, and the first connection plate 1 and the second connection plate 2 are rotatable relative to each other.

In order to further improve the locking firmness, in some embodiments, two locking mechanisms 3 may be provided, as shown in fig. 8, two sliding pins 35 are respectively disposed on two end cylinders of the first connecting end 11, and two annular slots 36 are disposed at two ends of the cylinder of the second connecting end 21, so that the locking is performed by the sliding pins 35 at two ends, the firmness is more reliable, and even if one of the two sliding pins 35 moves during the operation of the patient to disengage the protruding pin 352 from the slot 36, the other sliding pin 35 is in a locking state, and the locking mechanism 3 is still ensured to be in a locking state. Still further, the engagement of the pins 352 with the slots 36 may be designed in a close-fitting fashion, i.e., the surfaces of the pins 352 are in close-fitting engagement with the surfaces of the slots 36 when the pins 352 are inserted into the slots 36.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 10 to 12, the locking mechanism 3 of this embodiment is such that unidirectional locking is achieved, i.e. the first and

second connection plates

1, 2 are also rotatable in one of the directions after locking. The locking mechanism 3 comprises a ratchet wheel 37, a pawl 38 and a locking block 39, as shown in fig. 12, the ratchet wheel 37 is connected to the outer side end of the second connecting end 21 through a rotating shaft 4, and the ratchet wheel 37 is synchronously and rotatably connected with the second connecting end 21; the inner side end of the corresponding first connecting end 11 is provided with a concave position 16 for accommodating a ratchet wheel 37; the pawl 38 is connected to the first connecting end 11 in a freely swinging manner, and the claw end of the pawl 38 extends into the ratchet gap of the ratchet wheel 37; the locking block 39 is locked to the first connecting end 11 by the screw 8, and the locking block 39 functions to restrict the pawl 38 from swinging in the opposite direction, that is, to restrict the ratchet wheel 37 from rotating in the opposite direction. That is, when the locking block 39 is not locked to the first connecting end 11, the ratchet 37 can rotate in both directions freely, and the pawl 38 can swing in both directions freely, that is, the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 can rotate relatively; when the locking block 39 is locked to the first connecting end 11, the locking block 39 limits the reverse swing of the pawl 38, so that the ratchet wheel 37 is limited to rotate in the reverse direction, that is, the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 can rotate relatively in only one direction. Similarly, the ratchet wheel 37 may be rotationally coupled to the first coupling end 11, and the pawl 38 and the locking block 39 are disposed at the second coupling end 21.

In order to realize synchronous rotation connection of the ratchet wheel 37 and the second connecting end 21, the portion of the rotating shaft 4 connected with the ratchet wheel 37 and the second connecting end 21 in this embodiment is designed into a concave-convex surface so as to ensure that the rotating shaft 4 is fixedly connected with the ratchet wheel 37 and the second connecting end 21, and the rotating shaft 4 is connected with the first connecting end 11 in a sleeved mode capable of rotating relatively.

Further, a limiting block 393 is extended from one side of the corresponding locking block 39 facing the direction of the limiting block 382 on one side of the pawl 38 facing the locking block 39, and the space position of the limiting block 382 in the up-down direction is larger than the height of the limiting block 393; when the locking block 39 is locked to the first connecting end 11 and the pawl 38 is in a natural state not driven by the ratchet wheel 37, the limiting block 393 extends into the limiting position 382 and is positioned at the lower part of the limiting position 382, and when the pawl 38 swings in the opposite direction, the limiting block 393 abuts against the limiting position 382, so that the pawl 38 is limited to swing in the opposite direction; when the pawl 38 swings in the forward direction, because the limiting block 382 has a space above the limiting block 393, the limiting block 393 can deviate above the limiting block 382 relative to the limiting block 382 when the pawl 38 swings in the forward direction, namely, the pawl 38 can swing in the forward direction under the driving of the ratchet teeth of the ratchet wheel 37, and when the ratchet teeth of the ratchet wheel 37 leave the claw end of the pawl 38, the pawl 38 automatically resets to a natural state under the action of gravity or the torsion force of a torsion spring sleeved on a shaft connected with the pawl.

The locking block 39 of this embodiment extends a connecting block 391 on the opposite side of the limiting block 393, the connecting block 391 is provided with a locking hole 392, and the locking block 39 is locked with the first connecting end 11 by screwing the locking hole 392 and the first connecting end 11 through the screw 8. After the locking mechanism 3 locks the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 of this embodiment, the direction in which they can rotate is the direction in which the opening angle of the opening side of the vertebral plate 61 is larger, so the design can ensure that the fixing plate can meet the actual requirement, because even if the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 rotate relatively after locking, the opening angle of the opening side is only larger, that is, only the vertebral cavity 63 becomes larger, so the problem of pressing spinal nerves again is not caused. Of course, if the locking mechanism 3 of this embodiment is used, another vertebral body fixing plate must be connected to the door opening side, that is, the door opening side is fixed, so that the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 of this embodiment do not rotate relatively without releasing the vertebral body fixing plate on the door opening side.

In order to facilitate adjustment of the vertebral plate 61 during the operation, the screw 9 can be locked at a position with a proper thickness of the vertebral plate 61, in some embodiments, the locking holes 392 on the first locking plate 12 and the second locking plate 22 are designed into a bar-shaped locking hole 5, the width of the bar-shaped locking hole 5 is matched with the diameter of the screw 9, but the length is larger than the diameter of the screw 9, so that the screw 9 can move in the bar-shaped locking hole 5, the positions of the first locking plate 12 or the second locking plate 22 relative to the connecting positions 18 of the vertebral bodies at two ends of the portal side can be adjusted through the bar-shaped locking hole 5, that is, in the operation, the screw 9 can be locked at a position with a proper thickness of the vertebral plate 61 and the cervical vertebra 62, so that the screw 8 can be firmly locked with the vertebral plate 61 and the cervical vertebra 62, and after the screw 9 is locked at a proper position, the first locking plate 12 and the second locking plate 22 can be temporarily unlocked, so that the vertebral plate 61 and the cervical vertebra 62 can move relative to the fixed plate, thereby the positions of the plate 61 can be adjusted to the proper positions of the root portion relative to the vertebral plate 61 can be tightly contacted with the cervical vertebra 62, and the cervical vertebra 61 can be tightly healed with the portal side.

Embodiment one:

as shown in fig. 1 to 7, the posterior cervical vertebral plate forming and fixing plate of this embodiment includes a first connection plate 1, a second connection plate 2 and a locking mechanism 3, wherein the first connection plate 1 includes a first connection end 11 and a first locking plate 12, the first connection end 11 is a cylinder separately disposed at two ends, a shaft hole 40 is formed in the middle of the cylinder, and a bar-shaped locking hole 5 is formed in the first locking plate 12; the second connecting plate 2 includes a second connecting end 21 and a second locking plate 22, the second connecting end 21 is a cylinder arranged in the middle, the diameter of the cylinder is the same as that of the cylinder of the first connecting end 11, a shaft hole 40 is also formed in the middle of the same cylinder, the cylinder of the second connecting end 21 can be placed in a position between the cylinders at two ends of the first connecting end 11, and after the two cylinders are aligned, a rotating shaft 4 is inserted into the shaft hole 40, namely, the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 can be connected together in a relatively rotatable manner, as shown in fig. 1. As shown in fig. 2 or 3, the shaft 4 of this embodiment is a shaft body with one end having a larger diameter and the other end having a smaller diameter, the shaft hole 40 of one end cylinder of the first connection end 11 has the same inner diameter as the diameter of the large diameter end of the shaft 4, the shaft hole 40 of the cylinder of the second connection end 21 has a slightly larger inner diameter than the diameter of the small diameter end of the shaft 4, and the shaft 4 is inserted from the shaft hole 40 end of the first connection end 11 so that the small diameter end of the shaft 4 penetrates the shaft hole 40 of the second connection end 21 and the tip end thereof extends into the shaft hole 40 of the other end cylinder of the first connection end 11.

As shown in fig. 4, the locking mechanism 3 of this embodiment includes a locking gear 31, a spring 32 and a limiting bump 33, and the first connection end 11 is correspondingly provided with a gear recess 13 meshed with the locking gear 31, as shown in fig. 5, specifically, the gear recess 13 is formed on an inner side surface of a cylinder at an end of the small diameter end of the rotating shaft 4, into which the end extends; correspondingly, a circular concave cavity 23 is arranged on the cylindrical side surface of the second connecting end 21 adjacent to the end, as shown in fig. 6, the inner diameter of the circular concave cavity 23 is larger than the maximum diameter of the locking gear 31, so that the locking gear 31 can retract into the circular concave cavity 23, one end of the spring 32 is propped against the bottom of the circular concave cavity 23, the other end of the spring 32 is propped against the end surface of the locking gear 31, so that the locking gear 31 is pushed towards the direction of the gear concave position 13, and the locking gear 31 can extend into the gear concave position 13 for meshing fit under the action of the spring 32; in order to avoid the spring 32 from being deflected in the radial direction to affect the performance, as shown in fig. 4, the embodiment is provided with a sleeve ring 311 on the end face of the locking gear 31, the sleeve ring 311 is formed by three arc blocks at intervals, the sleeve ring 311 has the same outer diameter as the inner diameter of the spring 32, and one end of the spring 32 is sleeved on the sleeve ring 311, so that the spring 32 can be prevented from being deflected in the radial direction relative to the locking gear 31.

As shown in fig. 4, the limiting bump 33 is fixedly connected with the locking gear 31, the limiting bump 33 and the locking gear 31 in this embodiment are integrally formed, a circular protruding column 312 is protruding in the middle of the end surface of the locking gear 31 provided with the socket ring 311, and the limiting bump is protruding in the radial direction at the end position of the circular protruding column 312; as shown in fig. 6, the second connecting end 21 is correspondingly provided with a circular hole 24 into which the circular boss 312 can extend, and a slot 25 into which the limit bump 33 can extend is formed in the circular hole 24. After the limit bump 33 extends into the slot 25, the limit bump 33 and the second connection end 21 cannot rotate relatively, but only rotate synchronously, and the locking gear 31 is fixedly connected with the limit bump 33, so if the second connection end 21 rotates, the locking gear 31 also rotates synchronously, and at this time, the locking gear 31 is meshed with the gear concave 13 of the first connection end 11, so that the locking gear 31 rotates to drive the first connection end 11 to rotate, and the final result is that the first connection end 11 and the second connection end 21 are fixed relatively and cannot rotate relatively, namely, the locking mechanism 3 is in a locking state at this time, as shown in fig. 2.

As shown in fig. 6, the slot 25 of this embodiment has an arc slot 26 penetrating the slot 25 at an end far from the gear recess 13, the length of the arc slot 26 is about a quarter circle, and the limit bump 33 can be screwed into the arc slot 26. When the locking gear 31 is pushed away from the gear concave position 13 (i.e. the locking gear 31 moves towards the circular concave cavity 23), the limit lug 33 moves towards the arc-shaped groove 26 along the groove 25 synchronously, and when the locking gear 31 completely leaves the gear concave position 13, the limit lug 33 is just positioned at the entrance of the arc-shaped groove 26; then, the locking gear 31 is rotated to screw the limit bump 33 into the arc-shaped groove 26, at this time, the limit bump 33 is blocked by the groove wall of the arc-shaped groove 26 and cannot move towards the direction of the gear concave 13, so that the locking gear 31 cannot be restored to the gear concave 13 under the action of the elastic force of the spring 32, but keeps the state that the locking gear 31 is separated from the gear concave 13, so that the locking mechanism 3 is in an unlocking state, as shown in fig. 3, when the second connecting end 21 is rotated in the unlocking state, the limit bump 33 and the locking gear 31 both synchronously rotate along with the second connecting end 21, and the first connecting end 11 where the gear concave 13 is located keeps a relatively stationary state, namely, the first connecting end 11 and the second connecting end 21 can relatively rotate. So that the free angular adjustment of the lamina 61 during surgery is facilitated.

As shown in fig. 4, in this embodiment, an operation boss 313 is disposed at one end of the locking gear 31 far from the limit bump 33, an operation portion 34 is disposed at an outer end surface of the operation boss 313, the operation portion 34 is a hexagonal hole, so that a hexagonal key can be inserted into the operation portion to push and rotate the locking gear 31, the first connection end 11 is correspondingly provided with a through hole 14, so that the operation portion 34 can be exposed, after determining the angles of the first connection plate 1 and the second connection plate 2, the hexagonal key is inserted into the operation portion 34 from the through hole 14, so as to drive the locking gear 31 to rotate, that is, the limit bump 33 is rotated again to a position aligned with the slot 25, and at this time, the locking gear 31 can automatically move toward the gear recess 13 and mesh with the gear recess 13 under the elastic force of the spring 32. The operation is convenient and quick, the locking is firm, and the problem of automatic unlocking during the later period can not occur. Similarly, when the locking mechanism 3 is to be unlocked, the operation part 34 is inserted by the hexagonal key, then the locking gear 31 is forced to move towards the circular concave cavity 23, the hexagonal key is rotated after the locking gear is moved to be unable to move, and the limit projection 33 is screwed into the arc-shaped groove 26, so that the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 can relatively rotate.

The operation adopts a cervical vertebra posterior single-door vertebral canal expansion shaping operation, before the operation, a hexagonal key is used for pushing the locking gear 31 away from the gear concave position 13, and the locking gear 31 is rotated to enable the limit lug 33 to be screwed into the arc-shaped groove 26, namely, the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 can relatively rotate; during operation, the spine is cut from the rear side of the cervical vertebra, one side of the vertebral plate 61 is selected as the door shaft side, the root of the vertebral plate 61 is bitten off by a tool, the spine is directly bitten off, and the root of the vertebral plate 61 on the other side is also opened to be used as the door opening side; then, finding proper screw 9 lower points on the vertebral plate 61 and the cervical vertebra 62 near the door shaft side, respectively penetrating the strip-shaped lock holes 5 of the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2, and locking the two screws 9 on the vertebral plate 61 and the cervical vertebra 62, wherein the screws are not screwed tightly temporarily, so that the vertebral plate 61 and the cervical vertebra 62 can move relative to the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2; then adjusting the vertebral plate 61 to enable the vertebral plate 61 to rotate around the rotating shaft 4 of the fixing plate, enabling the opening of the door opening side of the vertebral plate 61 to be widened so as to enlarge the vertebral canal cavity 63, adjusting the distance between the vertebral plate 61 and the cervical vertebra 62 until the vertebral canal cavity 63 is large enough, enabling the door axis side end of the vertebral plate 61 to be in contact with the cervical vertebra 62, locking the screw 9 after being in close contact so as to fix the vertebral plate 61, and connecting another vertebral body fixing plate on the door opening side according to the situation; finally, the locking gear 31 is rotated to align the limit bump 33 with the groove 25 by extending the hexagonal key into the operation part 34, and then the hexagonal key is pulled out, at this time, the locking gear 31 is automatically reset under the action of the spring 32 to be matched with the gear concave 13, namely, the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 are relatively locked. Thus, as shown in fig. 7, since the portal side end of the lamina 61 is in contact with the cervical vertebra 62, the lamina 61 and the cervical vertebra 62 at the end can be healed into one body at a later stage, and since the fixation plate is provided at the portal side of the lamina 61, there is no fear that the patient will collapse due to the fracture of the portal side during the postoperative life.

Embodiment two:

as shown in fig. 8 and 9, the posterior cervical vertebral plate forming and fixing plate of this embodiment includes a first connecting plate 1, a second connecting plate 2 and a locking mechanism 3, wherein the structures of the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 are the same as those of the first embodiment, so that the description thereof will not be repeated. In contrast, as shown in fig. 9, the rotating shaft 4 of this embodiment is a cylindrical shaft with a constant diameter, the inner diameter of the cylindrical shaft holes 40 at the two ends of the corresponding first connecting end 11 is the same as or slightly smaller than the diameter of the rotating shaft 4, so that the rotating shaft 4 is fixedly matched with the shaft holes 40 of the first connecting end 11, the inner diameter of the cylindrical shaft holes 40 of the second connecting end 21 is slightly larger than the diameter of the rotating shaft 4, and after the connection, the first connecting plate 1 and the rotating shaft 4 rotate synchronously, and the second connecting plate 2 can rotate relative to the rotating shaft 4.

The locking mechanism 3 of this embodiment includes a sliding latch 35 and a slot 36, where the sliding latch 35 is slidably connected to the first connecting end 11, and correspondingly, a sliding slot 15 is formed in a cylinder of the first connecting end 11. In order to ensure that the slide pin 35 does not fall off from the slide groove 15, the slide groove 15 of this embodiment is a "convex" shaped slide groove 15 having a wide bottom and a narrow top. This embodiment is provided with a sliding groove 15 on each of the two end cylinders of the first connecting end 11. The sliding pin 35 of this embodiment includes a sliding block 351 and a protruding pin 352, wherein the sliding block 351 is shaped to match the shape of the sliding groove 15, i.e., is also a block having a "protruding" shape in cross section, the upper end of the sliding groove 15 is opened so that the upper end of the sliding block 351 can be exposed to the outside for pulling the sliding pin 35, and the sliding groove 15 is also opened toward the slot 36 for the protruding pin 352 to be inserted into the slot 36 by extending out of the sliding groove 15. In order to avoid slipping when the sliding block 351 is moved, the upper surface of the sliding block 351 is provided with concave-convex lines 41 to increase friction. The protruding pin 352 and the sliding block 351 are integrally formed, the protruding pin 352 protrudes out of the end portion of the sliding block 351, the size of the protruding pin 352 is the same as that of the slot 36, and the surface of the protruding pin 352 can be designed into a rough surface so as to ensure that the friction force between the protruding pin 352 and the slot 36 after being inserted is larger, and the inserting firmness is improved.

The slot 36 of this embodiment has a plurality of and annular interval arrangement set up at the cylinder tip of second link 21, all be equipped with slot 36 at the both ends of cylinder, slot 36's open end is towards the direction of sliding bolt 35, after first connecting plate 1 and second connecting plate 2 confirm relative angular position, will promote slider 351 and make protruding round pin 352 insert in the slot 36 rather than the alignment, can realize that first connecting plate 1 and second connecting plate 2 lock mutually, namely locking mechanical system 3 is in the locking state, the operation is very convenient and fast, effectively save operation duration.

The operation adopts a cervical vertebra posterior single-door vertebral canal expansion molding operation, and the sliding bolt 35 is poked to a position of the protruding pin 352 away from the slot 36 before the operation, namely, the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 can rotate relatively; during operation, the spine is cut from the rear side of the cervical vertebra, one side of the vertebral plate 61 is selected as the door shaft side, the root of the vertebral plate 61 is bitten off by a tool, the spine is directly bitten off, and the root of the vertebral plate 61 on the other side is also opened to be used as the door opening side; then, finding proper screw 9 lower points on the vertebral plate 61 and the cervical vertebra 62 near the door shaft side, respectively penetrating the strip-shaped lock holes 5 of the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2, and locking the two screws 9 on the vertebral plate 61 and the cervical vertebra 62, wherein the screws are not screwed tightly temporarily, so that the vertebral plate 61 and the cervical vertebra 62 can move relative to the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2; then adjusting the vertebral plate 61 to enable the vertebral plate 61 to rotate around the rotating shaft 4 of the fixing plate, enabling the opening of the door opening side of the vertebral plate 61 to be widened so as to enlarge the vertebral canal cavity 63, adjusting the distance between the vertebral plate 61 and the cervical vertebra 62 until the vertebral canal cavity 63 is large enough, enabling the door axis side end of the vertebral plate 61 to be in contact with the cervical vertebra 62, locking the screw 9 after being in close contact so as to fix the vertebral plate 61, and connecting another vertebral body fixing plate on the door opening side according to the situation; finally, the two sliding bolts 35 are shifted to the ports of the sliding grooves 15, so that the protruding pins 352 are inserted into the slots 36, and the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 are locked. Thus, the operation can be completed, since the portal side end of the lamina 61 is in contact with the cervical vertebra 62, the lamina 61 and the cervical vertebra 62 at the end at the later stage can be healed into a whole, and since the fixation plate is arranged on the portal side of the lamina 61, the problem that the fracture and subsidence of the portal side are caused by the patient in the postoperative living process is not worried.

Embodiment III:

as shown in fig. 10 to 12, the posterior cervical vertebral plate forming and fixing plate of this embodiment includes a first connecting plate 1, a second connecting plate 2 and a locking mechanism 3, wherein the structures of the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 are the same as those of the first embodiment, and thus the description thereof will not be repeated. In contrast, as shown in fig. 11, two shafts 4 are provided in this embodiment, two ends of the first connecting end 11 are respectively connected with one shaft, the shaft 4 is a shaft body with a large head end and a small body end, the surface of the shaft body of the body end is designed into a surface of a concave-convex line 41, the inner diameter of the cylindrical shaft hole 40 at the two ends of the corresponding first connecting end 11 is slightly larger than the diameter of the head end of the shaft 4, the inner diameter of the cylindrical shaft hole 40 at the second connecting end 21 is the same as or slightly smaller than the diameter of the body end of the shaft 4, the shaft 4 is tightly matched with the shaft hole 40 at the second connecting end 21 after passing through the shaft hole 40 at the first connecting end 11, so that the shaft 4 and the second connecting end 21 can rotate synchronously, and the first connecting end 11 can rotate relative to the shaft 4.

As shown in fig. 12, the locking mechanism 3 of this embodiment is one-way locked, i.e., the first link plate 1 and the second link plate 2 are also rotatable in one direction after locking. The locking mechanism 3 comprises a ratchet wheel 37, a pawl 38 and a locking block 39, wherein the ratchet wheel 37 is connected to the outer side end of the second connecting end 21 through a rotating shaft 4, and a wheel hole of the ratchet wheel 37 is tightly matched and connected with the body end of the rotating shaft 4, so that the ratchet wheel 37 and the second connecting end 21 can synchronously rotate; the corresponding first connecting end 11 is provided with a round concave position 16 for accommodating the ratchet wheel 37 at the inner side end of the cylinder at one end of the ratchet wheel 37, and the diameter of the concave position 16 is larger than the outer diameter of the ratchet wheel 37, so that the ratchet wheel 37 is positioned in the concave position 16 of the first connecting end 11 after the first connecting end 11 and the second connecting end 21 are connected, as shown in fig. 11; a square through hole 17 is formed in the cylindrical surface of the end provided with the concave position 16 and is communicated with the concave position 16, a pin shaft 7 is inserted in the middle of the square through hole 14, a pin hole 381 is correspondingly formed in the pawl 38, the pin hole 381 is matched with the pin shaft 7, therefore, the ratchet wheel 37 can be connected to the first connecting end 11 in a free swinging mode, the claw end of the pawl 38 stretches into the concave position 16 and is located in a gap between two adjacent ratchets of the ratchet wheel 37, namely, the pawl 38 can be driven to swing when the ratchet wheel 37 rotates, a torsion spring (not shown in the drawing) is further arranged on the pin shaft 7, and the pawl 38 can be reset to a natural state through the torsion spring, namely, the pawl 38 is in a state of being driven by the ratchets of the ratchet wheel 37 to swing.

As shown in fig. 11, the first connecting end 11 is provided with a connecting position 18 at one side of the square through hole 17, and the connecting position 18 can be used for placing and connecting the locking block 39. In this embodiment, the locking block 39 is provided with a connecting block 391 in a direction away from the pawl 38, two locking holes 392 are formed in the connecting block 391, two threaded holes (not shown in the figure) are also formed in the corresponding connecting position 18, and the locking block 39 is locked and fixed with the first connecting end 11 by screwing the screw 8 into the locking hole 392 and then screwing the locking hole into the threaded hole. The function of the locking block 39 is to limit the pivoting of the pawl 38 in the opposite direction, i.e. when the locking block 39 is not yet connected to the connection point 18, the pawl 38 can now be pivoted in both directions freely, the ratchet wheel 37 can also be pivoted in both directions freely, i.e. the first connection plate 1 and the second connection plate 2 can be pivoted freely with respect to each other; when the locking block 39 is connected to the connection position 18, the locking block 39 limits the reverse swing of the pawl 38, so that the ratchet wheel 37 is limited to rotate in the reverse direction, that is, the first connection plate 1 and the second connection plate 2 can rotate relatively in only one direction.

As shown in fig. 12, in the locking block 39 of this embodiment, a limiting block 393 extends in a direction towards the pawl 38, and correspondingly, a limiting position 382 is provided on a side of the pawl 38 towards the locking block 39, and the spatial position of the limiting position 382 in the up-down direction is larger than the height of the limiting block 393, when the locking block 39 is locked to the first connecting end 11 and the pawl 38 is in a natural state, the limiting block 393 extends into the limiting position 382 and is located at the lower part of the limiting position 382, and when the pawl 38 swings in the opposite direction, the limiting block 393 will abut against the limiting position 382, so that the pawl 38 swings in the opposite direction is limited; when the pawl 38 swings in the forward direction, because the limiting block 382 has a space above the limiting block 393, the limiting block 393 can deviate above the limiting block 382 relative to the limiting block 382 when the pawl 38 swings in the forward direction, that is, the pawl 38 can swing in the forward direction under the driving of the ratchet teeth of the ratchet wheel 37, and when the ratchet teeth of the ratchet wheel 37 leave the claw end of the pawl 38, the pawl 38 can automatically return to a natural state under the torsion action of the torsion spring. That is, after the lock block 39 is locked to the first connection end 11 by the screw 8, the lock block 39 restricts the pawl 38 from swinging in the reverse direction, that is, the ratchet wheel 37 from rotating in the reverse direction, so that the ratchet wheel 37 can only rotate in the forward direction. The positive direction is a direction in which the opening angle of the opening side of the vertebral plate 61 is larger, so that even if the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 are relatively rotated after locking, the opening angle of the opening side is only larger, that is, only the vertebral canal cavity 63 is larger, so that the problem of pressing spinal nerves again is not caused.

The operation adopts a cervical vertebra posterior single-door vertebral canal expansion molding operation, and the locking block 39 is removed before the operation, so that the pawl 38 can swing in the positive and negative directions freely, namely, the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 can rotate relatively; during operation, the spine is cut from the rear side of the cervical vertebra, one side of the vertebral plate 61 is selected as the door shaft side, the root of the vertebral plate 61 is bitten off by a tool, the spine is directly bitten off, and the root of the vertebral plate 61 on the other side is also opened to be used as the door opening side; then, finding proper screw 9 lower points on the vertebral plate 61 and the cervical vertebra 62 near the door shaft side, respectively penetrating the strip-shaped lock holes 5 of the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2, and locking the two screws 9 on the vertebral plate 61 and the cervical vertebra 62, wherein the screws are not screwed tightly temporarily, so that the vertebral plate 61 and the cervical vertebra 62 can move relative to the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2; then adjusting the vertebral plate 61, enabling the vertebral plate 61 to rotate around the rotating shaft 4 of the fixed plate, enabling the opening of the door opening side of the vertebral plate 61 to be widened so as to enlarge the vertebral canal cavity 63, adjusting the distance between the vertebral plate 61 and the cervical vertebra 62 until the vertebral canal cavity 63 is large enough, enabling the door axis side end of the vertebral plate 61 to be in contact with the cervical vertebra 62, locking the screw 9 after being in close contact so as to fix the vertebral plate 61, and then connecting the door opening side with another vertebral body fixed plate, namely connecting and fixing the vertebral plate 61 on the door opening side with the cervical vertebra 62 on the side; finally, the locking block 39 is locked again into the recess 16 of the first connecting end 11, so that the limiting block 393 is matched with the limiting position 382 of the pawl 38, and the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 can only rotate towards the direction of enabling the opening of the door side of the vertebral plate 61 to be larger, but the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 cannot rotate relatively unless the vertebral body fixing plate on the door side is loosened because the vertebral body fixing plate on the door side is connected. Thus, the operation can be completed, since the portal side end of the lamina 61 is in contact with the cervical vertebra 62, the lamina 61 and the cervical vertebra 62 at the end at the later stage can be healed into a whole, and since the fixation plate is arranged on the portal side of the lamina 61, the problem that the fracture and subsidence of the portal side are caused by the patient in the postoperative living process is not worried.

In the description herein, reference to the term "embodiment," "example," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: many changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. The cervical vertebra posterior vertebral plate forming fixing plate is characterized by comprising a first connecting plate, a second connecting plate and a locking mechanism, wherein the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate are respectively connected to vertebral bodies at two ends of the cervical vertebra posterior operation portal shaft side;

the first connecting plate comprises a first connecting end and a first locking plate, the second connecting plate comprises a second connecting end and a second locking plate, the first connecting end is hinged with the second connecting end to realize relative rotation of the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate, and the relative rotation of the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate is used for replacing the rotation of the door shaft side after vertebral bodies at two ends of the door shaft side are directly bitten;

The first locking plate and the second locking plate are respectively provided with a locking hole, and the first locking plate or the second locking plate is fixedly connected with the two end vertebral bodies at the door shaft side through the locking holes;

the locking mechanism is arranged on the first connecting end or the second connecting end and is used for locking the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate at a required relative angle position.

2. The posterior cervical plating forming fixation plate of claim 1, wherein the locking mechanism has an unlocked state in which the first connection plate is free to rotate relative to the second connection plate and a locked state; in the locking state, the first connecting plate is locked in a one-way rotation mode or a two-way rotation mode relative to the second connecting plate.

3. The posterior cervical vertebral plate forming and fixing plate according to claim 2, wherein the locking mechanism comprises a locking gear, a spring and a limiting projection, the first connecting end is correspondingly provided with a gear concave position meshed with the locking gear, the locking gear can extend into the gear concave position to be meshed and matched under the action of the spring, the limiting projection is fixedly connected with the locking gear, and the limiting projection extends into a groove formed in the second connecting end, so that the locking mechanism is in the locking state.

4. A posterior cervical vertebral plate according to claim 3, wherein the slot has an arcuate slot at an end thereof remote from the gear recess, the arcuate slot being adapted to receive the stop tab, pushing the locking gear away from the gear recess and rotating the stop tab to screw the stop tab into the arcuate slot, the locking gear being limited by the stop tab in a state of being disengaged from the gear recess, i.e., the locking mechanism being in the unlocked state, the first and second connection ends being rotatable relative to each other.

5. The posterior cervical vertebral plating forming and fixing plate according to claim 4, wherein the locking gear is provided with an operation protrusion at an end far away from the limit protrusion, the first connection end is correspondingly provided with a through hole for exposing an operation portion of the operation protrusion, and the locking gear is engaged with or disengaged from the gear recess by operating the operation portion.

6. The posterior cervical plating form retaining plate of claim 2, wherein the locking mechanism includes a sliding latch slidably coupled to the first connection end and a slot having a plurality of circumferentially spaced apart slots disposed on the second connection end, the slot having an open end facing the sliding latch, the locking mechanism being in the locked condition when the sliding latch is inserted into one of the slots.

7. The posterior cervical vertebral plate according to claim 6, wherein the first connecting end is provided with a sliding groove with a wide bottom and a narrow top, the sliding plug comprises a sliding block and a protruding pin, the sliding block is matched with the sliding groove in shape, the sliding block is inserted into the sliding groove, the protruding pin protrudes into the slot when the sliding block is positioned at a port of the sliding groove, and the locking mechanism is in the locking state; when the sliding block is positioned in the deep part of the sliding groove, the protruding pin is retracted into the sliding groove, and the locking mechanism is in the unlocking state.

8. The posterior cervical spine shaping fixing plate according to claim 1, wherein the locking mechanism comprises a ratchet wheel, a pawl and a locking block, the ratchet wheel is connected to the outer side end of the second connecting end through a rotating shaft, the ratchet wheel is synchronously and rotatably connected with the second connecting end, and a concave position is correspondingly formed at the inner side end of the first connecting end for accommodating the ratchet wheel; the pawl is connected to the first connecting end in a swinging way, and the claw end of the pawl extends into the ratchet gap of the ratchet wheel; the locking block is locked on the first connecting end to limit the pawl from swinging in the opposite direction.

9. The posterior cervical spine shaping fixation plate of claim 8, wherein a side of the pawl facing the locking block is provided with a limiting block, a side of the locking block facing the direction of the limiting block extends out of the limiting block, and a locking hole is formed in the other side of the locking block, and the locking block is locked with the first connecting end by screwing in the locking hole and the first connecting end through a screw; after locking, the pawl can only swing towards the direction far away from the locking block, namely, only one relatively rotatable direction exists between the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate, and the rotating direction is the direction enabling the opening angle of the opening side of the vertebral plate to be larger.

10. The posterior cervical spine shaping fixation plate of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the locking holes of the first locking plate and the second locking plate are bar-shaped locking holes, and the connection positions of the first locking plate or the second locking plate relative to the two vertebral bodies at the two ends of the door shaft side are adjustable through the bar-shaped locking holes.