CN115813517A

CN115813517A - Cervical vertebra posterior approach vertebral plate forming fixing plate

Info

Publication number: CN115813517A
Application number: CN202310120176.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 纪志盛; 林宏生
Original assignee: Jinan University
Current assignee: Jinan University
Priority date: 2023-02-16
Filing date: 2023-02-16
Publication date: 2023-03-21
Anticipated expiration: 2043-02-16
Also published as: CN115813517B

Abstract

The invention provides a cervical vertebra posterior vertebral plate forming fixing plate which comprises a first connecting plate, a second connecting plate and a locking mechanism, wherein the fixing plate is connected to vertebral bodies at two ends of the side of a door spindle, and the two connecting plates are hinged to realize relative rotation; the fixed plate is provided with a locking hole, and the locking hole is used for realizing connection and fixation with the vertebral bodies at two ends of the door shaft side; the locking mechanism is used to lock the first and second connecting plates in a desired relative angular position. Therefore, the portal side of the vertebral plate can be directly bitten off during the operation, then the fixed plate is used for replacing the rotation, and meanwhile, the root part of the portal side of the vertebral plate can be kept in contact with the cervical vertebra part, so that the later period bone healing is integrated; the operation time is greatly shortened, and the problem that the side of the door shaft is broken and sagged in the later activity process of a patient can be effectively prevented; the locking mechanism can reduce the requirement on the fixation stability of the vertebral body fixing plate at the door opening side, and effectively avoid the problem that the vertebral body fixing plate at the door opening side is loosened in the long-term use process to cause secondary compression of spinal nerves.

Description

Cervical vertebra posterior approach vertebral plate forming fixing plate

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of medical instruments, in particular to a fixing plate for posterior cervical vertebra laminoplasty.

Background

With the development of the times, the incidence of degenerative diseases of cervical vertebra is gradually increased when modern people sit for a long time and look at mobile phones with heads lowered, and the health of human beings is seriously affected. Cervical spondylosis is caused by the compression of spinal nerves due to the presence of a protruding intervertebral disc, thickened ligaments or a hyperplastic osteophyte occupying the cervical spinal canal.

The method mainly comprises an anterior operation and a posterior operation, and the posterior vertebral plate expansion forming operation mainly comprises two operations, one is cervical vertebra posterior single-door vertebral canal expansion forming operation, the operation is performed by cutting from the back side of the cervical vertebra, the muscle at the back side of the cervical vertebra is peeled off from the vertebra, the cervical vertebral plate is exposed, then the root of the vertebral plate at one side is bitten by the outer vertebral plate to be used as the door shaft side, the root of the vertebral plate at the other side is opened and rotates by taking the opposite side (the door shaft side) as the shaft, and finally the rotating vertebral plate is fixed; another approach is bi-portal vertebroplasty, which uses the roots of the bilateral laminae as portal axis, and is rotated from the medial to the lateral incision of the lamina.

The vertebral canal cavity can be enlarged in the two operations, and the compression on spinal nerves is relieved, however, in the operation process, the operation difficulty of biting the outer bone plate into the vertebral plate at one side is higher, and sometimes, the fracture of the portal side caused by excessive biting can lose the portal function; sometimes, the door shaft side cannot realize the door shaft rotating effect due to insufficient biting; even if the biting is right, the door shaft side is not normally fixed, and the door opening side at the root of the vertebral plate at the other side is fixed by the fixing plate, so that the door shaft side can cause the door shaft side to break and sink during later activities of a patient, thereby causing the compression of spinal nerves again.

Except the above two kinds of operations, the other one is that the both sides root of direct vertebral plate all cuts off, then all connect the centrum steel sheet in both sides cut off department, but plate body one and plate body two of this centrum steel sheet can rotate relatively, adjust the height of vertebral plate through the rotation of plate body one and plate body two, thereby form the purpose that increases the canalis spinalis cavity, but this kind of operation, make vertebral plate and cervical vertebra separate completely, be separated by the centrum steel sheet between vertebral plate and the cervical vertebra, so the vertebral plate has lost the chance that again links with the cervical vertebra completely, can only rely on the centrum steel sheet to fix for a long time completely, but the centrum steel sheet is seen from the aspect of long-term use with being connected of centrum, its stability is not enough, the problem that the centrum steel sheet pine takes off can appear in the later stage. In the above two operations, the vertebral plate at the portal side and the cervical vertebrae are connected, so the postoperative effect of the union of the posterior portal side vertebral plate root and the cervical vertebrae can be achieved.

Therefore, it is necessary to develop a fixing plate for posterior cervical vertebra laminoplasty, which can assist in achieving the function of the portal side and also can help to achieve the union of the posterior portal side vertebral plate root and cervical vertebra.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems and the defects, and provides a fixing plate for posterior vertebral plate forming of cervical vertebra, which effectively solves the problems that the existing portal lateral biting operation is difficult and time-consuming, has fracture risk, and other vertebral body fixing modes for completely separating the vertebral plate from the cervical vertebra cause that bone healing cannot be performed, so that the long-term use is unstable.

The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:

the invention relates to a fixing plate for posterior cervical vertebra laminoplasty, which is characterized by comprising a first connecting plate, a second connecting plate and a locking mechanism, wherein the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate are respectively connected to vertebral bodies at two ends of the side of a cervical vertebra posterior surgery door shaft; the first connecting plate comprises a first connecting end and a first locking plate, the second connecting plate comprises a second connecting end and a second locking plate, and the first connecting end and the second connecting end are hinged to realize relative rotation of the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate; the first locking plate and the second locking plate are both provided with locking holes, and the first locking plate or the second locking plate is fixedly connected with the two end centrums at the door shaft side through the locking connection Kong Shixian; the locking mechanism is arranged on the first connecting end or the second connecting end and is used for locking the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate at a required relative angle position.

Further, the locking mechanism has an unlocked state and a locked state, and in the unlocked state, the first connecting plate freely rotates relative to the second connecting plate; and in the locking state, the first connecting plate is locked in unidirectional rotation or bidirectional rotation relative to the second connecting plate.

In some embodiments, the locking mechanism includes a locking gear, a spring, and a limit protrusion, a gear recess engaged with the locking gear is correspondingly provided on the first connecting end, the locking gear can extend into the gear recess to engage with the gear recess under the action of the spring, the limit protrusion is fixedly connected to the locking gear, and the limit protrusion extends into the slot provided on the second connecting end, at which time the locking mechanism is in the locking state.

Furthermore, an arc-shaped groove communicated with the slot position is formed in one end, far away from the gear concave position, of the slot position, the limiting convex block can be screwed in the arc-shaped groove, the limiting convex block is rotated after the locking gear is pushed away from the gear concave position, the limiting convex block is screwed in the arc-shaped groove, the locking gear is limited in a state of being separated from the gear concave position by the limiting convex block at the moment, namely the locking mechanism is in the unlocking state, and the first connecting end and the second connecting end can rotate relatively.

For convenient operation, the locking gear is provided with an operation convex column at one end far away from the limit convex block, the first connecting end is correspondingly provided with a through hole for exposing an operation part of the operation convex column, and the operation part is operated to realize the engagement or disengagement of the locking gear and the gear concave position.

In some embodiments, the locking mechanism includes a sliding pin slidably connected to the first connecting end and a plurality of slots annularly spaced at the second connecting end, an open end of the slot faces the sliding pin, and the locking mechanism is in the locked state when the sliding pin is inserted into one of the slots.

Furthermore, a sliding groove with a wide lower part and a narrow upper part is formed in the first connecting end, the sliding bolt comprises a sliding block and a convex pin, the shape of the sliding block is matched with that of the sliding groove, the sliding block is inserted into the sliding groove, the convex pin extends into the slot when the sliding block is positioned at the port of the sliding groove, and at the moment, the locking mechanism is in the locking state; when the sliding block is in the depth of the sliding groove, the convex pin retracts into the sliding groove, and at the moment, the locking mechanism is in the unlocking state.

In some embodiments, the locking mechanism comprises a ratchet wheel, a pawl and a locking block, the ratchet wheel is connected to the outer side end of the second connecting end through a rotating shaft, the ratchet wheel and the second connecting end are synchronously connected in a rotating manner, and a concave position is correspondingly formed at the inner side end of the first connecting end for the ratchet wheel to accommodate; the pawl is connected to the first connecting end in a swinging mode, and the pawl end of the pawl extends into the ratchet clearance of the ratchet wheel; the locking block is locked on the first connecting end to limit the pawl to swing in the reverse direction.

Furthermore, a limiting position is arranged on one side, facing the locking block, of the pawl, the limiting block extends out of one side, facing the direction of the limiting position, of the locking block, a locking connection hole is formed in the other side of the locking block, and a screw is screwed into the locking connection hole and the first connection end to achieve locking connection of the locking block and the first connection end; after locking, the pawl can only swing in a direction away from the locking block, i.e. there is only one relative rotation direction between the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate, and the rotation direction is a direction that makes the opening angle of the open side of the vertebral plate larger.

In some embodiments, the locking holes of the first locking plate and the second locking plate are bar-shaped locking holes, and the connection positions of the first locking plate or the second locking plate relative to the two end vertebral bodies on the door shaft side can be adjusted through the bar-shaped locking holes.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the fixing plate is used for being connected to the position of the door spindle side, the rotation of the door spindle side is replaced by the characteristic that the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate of the fixing plate can rotate relatively, so that the vertebral plate can be directly snapped off when the door spindle side performs a snapping operation, and the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate are respectively connected to vertebral bodies at two ends of the door spindle side, so that the side (the door spindle side) of the vertebral plate can still rotate;

2. the fixing plate is arranged on the door shaft side for auxiliary fixing, so that the requirement on the precision of the biting and removing operation on the door shaft side is not high, the time consumption of the operation is not too long, and the problem that the spinal nerves are compressed again due to the fracture and sinking of the door shaft side in the later-stage activity process of a patient can be effectively prevented through the auxiliary fixing;

3. the locking mechanism is arranged, so that the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate can be locked at required relative angle positions, and after the opening size of the door opening side is adjusted to an angle which is enough in the operation process, the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate are locked in a rotating mode through the locking mechanism, so that the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate are kept at fixed angles, the requirement on the fixing stability of the centrum fixing plate at the door opening side can be lowered, the problem that the opening angle of the door opening side is reduced and spinal nerves are compressed again due to the fact that the centrum fixing plate at the door opening side is loosened in the long-term use process and the door shaft side rotates is effectively avoided; even if the fixing plate of the invention has strong connection stability, the arrangement of the vertebral body fixing plate on the door opening side can be omitted;

4. and because the first locking plate and the second locking plate are both provided with the strip-shaped locking holes, the connecting distance and the connecting position of the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate of the fixing plate relative to the two sides of the vertebral body can be more conveniently adjusted in the operation process, so that the root part of the vertebral plate at the rear portal side can be connected and locked to be tightly contacted with the cervical vertebra, and the healing speed of the root part of the vertebral plate at the rear portal side and cervical vertebra sclerotin is improved.

The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a first embodiment of a posterior cervical vertebral plate forming and fixing plate according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional structural view of the locking mechanism of FIG. 1 in a locked condition;

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the locking mechanism of FIG. 1 in an unlocked state;

FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of the locking mechanism of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of the first connecting end of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of the second connection end of FIG. 1;

fig. 7 is a schematic structural view illustrating the connection between the fixing plate and the cervical vertebrae according to the first embodiment;

FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view of a second embodiment of a posterior cervical vertebral plate forming fixation plate of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is an exploded view of FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 is a schematic perspective view of a third embodiment of a posterior laminoplasty fixation plate of the cervical spine of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the connection engagement structure of the locking mechanism of FIG. 10;

fig. 12 is an exploded view of the locking mechanism of fig. 10.

Reference numerals:

a first connecting plate 1;

the gear locking device comprises a first connecting end 11, a first locking plate 12, a gear concave position 13, a through hole 14, a sliding groove 15, a concave position 16, a square through hole 17 and a connecting position 18;

a second connecting plate 2;

the second connecting end 21, the second locking plate 22, the circular concave cavity 23, the circular hole 24, the slot 25 and the arc-shaped slot 26;

a lock mechanism 3;

the locking gear 31, the socket ring 311, the circular convex column 312, the operation convex column 313, the spring 32, the limit lug 33, the operation part 34, the sliding bolt 35, the sliding block 351, the convex pin 352, the slot 36, the ratchet wheel 37, the pawl 38, the pin hole 381, the limit bit 382, the locking block 39, the connecting block 391, the locking hole 392 and the limit block 393;

a rotating shaft 4;

shaft hole 40, concave-convex lines 41;

a strip-shaped lock hole 5;

lamina 61, cervical portion 62, spinal cavity 63;

a pin 7;

a screw 8;

and a screw 9.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features for distinguishing between descriptive features, non-sequential, non-trivial and non-trivial.

In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "engage", "connect", "mount" are to be interpreted broadly, e.g., as a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

The posterior cervical laminoplasty fixation plate of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 7, the invention relates to a cervical vertebra posterior laminoplasty fixing plate, which comprises a first connecting plate 1, a second connecting plate 2 and a locking mechanism 3, wherein the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 are respectively connected to two end vertebral bodies at the portal side (as shown in the position marked with the number A in fig. 7) of the cervical vertebra posterior operation. The fixing plate is used for fixing the door shaft side, so that the problem that the door shaft side is broken and sagged in the later activity process of a patient to press spinal nerves again can be effectively avoided.

The first connecting plate 1 comprises a first connecting end 11 and a first locking plate 12, the second connecting plate 2 comprises a second connecting end 21 and a second locking plate 22, wherein the first connecting end 11 and the second connecting end 21 are hinged to realize relative rotation of the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2, the first locking plate 12 and the second locking plate 22 are respectively provided with a locking hole 392, and the first locking plate 12 or the second locking plate 22 is connected and fixed with two end cones at the door shaft side through the locking holes 392. Therefore, the rotation of the door shaft side can be replaced by the relative rotation characteristic of the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 of the fixing plate, so that the door shaft side can directly bite off the vertebral plate 61 when biting operation is carried out, then the opening size of the other side (the door opening side, such as the position marked B in figure 7) of the vertebral plate 61 is adjusted through the relative rotation of the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2, the size of the vertebral canal cavity 63 is changed, the aim of enlarging the vertebral canal cavity 63 is achieved, meanwhile, the root part of the door shaft side of the vertebral plate 61 can be kept in contact with the cervical vertebra part 62, and the bone healing of the root part of the vertebral plate 61 on the rear door shaft side and the cervical vertebra part 62 can be integrated; and the precision requirement on the biting and removing operation of the door spindle side is not high, so the operation is relatively simple, and the consumed time is short.

The locking mechanism 3 of the present invention is provided on the first connection end 11 or the second connection end 21, and the locking mechanism 3 is used to lock the first connection plate 1 and the second connection plate 2 at a desired relative angular position. Therefore, in the operation process, after the opening size of the door opening side is adjusted to an enough angle, the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 are locked in a rotating mode through the locking mechanism 3, and the fixed angle is kept between the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate, so that the requirement on the fixing stability of the centrum fixing plate on the door opening side can be lowered, the problem that the opening side of the door opening side rotates due to the fact that the centrum fixing plate on the door opening side is loosened in the long-term use process, the angle of the opening side is reduced, and the spinal nerves are compressed again is effectively solved; even if the fixing plate of the present invention has a strong connection stability, the fixing plate of the opened vertebral body can be omitted.

The first connecting end 11 and the second connecting end 21 of the invention can be hinged in a way that the first connecting end 11 is a shaft hole 40 and the second connecting end 21 is a rotating shaft 4, and the first connecting end 11 and the second connecting end are mutually hinged by matching the rotating shaft 4 with the shaft hole 40; it is also possible that the first connecting end 11 and the second connecting end 21 are both designed with shaft holes 40, and are hinged to each other by the rotating shaft 4 passing through the shaft holes 40 of the two. In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, 8 and 10, the first connecting end 11 is a cylinder separately arranged at two ends, and a shaft hole 40 is formed in the middle of the cylinder; the second connecting end 21 is a cylinder arranged in the middle, the diameter of the cylinder is the same as that of the cylinder of the first connecting end 11, a shaft hole 40 is also formed in the middle of the same cylinder, the cylinder of the second connecting end 21 can be placed between the cylinders at the two ends of the first connecting end 11, and the rotating shaft 4 is inserted into the shaft hole 40 after the two cylinders are aligned, so that the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 can be connected together in a relatively rotating mode.

The locking mechanism 3 of the invention has an unlocking state and a locking state, and in the unlocking state, the first connecting plate 1 freely rotates relative to the second connecting plate 2, so that the opening angle adjustment operation of the vertebral plate 61 is convenient during the operation, and the vertebral body fixing plate at the other side (the door opening side) of the vertebral plate 61 is connected and fixed. In the locking state, the first connecting plate 1 is locked in one-way rotation or two-way rotation relative to the second connecting plate 2, the one-way rotation is in the direction of making the opening angle of the door opening side larger, so that even if the vertebral plate 61 rotates after the operation, the vertebral canal cavity 63 cannot be reduced, and the problem of secondary compression of spinal nerves cannot occur; of course, if both rotations are locked, the lamina 61 is fixed.

The locking mechanism 3 of the present invention can have various structural modes, in some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1 to 7, the locking mechanism 3 of this embodiment includes a locking gear 31, a spring 32 and a limit protrusion 33, a gear recess 13 engaged with the locking gear 31 is correspondingly provided on the first connection end 11, the locking gear 31 can extend into the gear recess 13 to engage under the action of the spring 32; the limiting protrusion 33 is fixedly connected to the locking gear 31, that is, the limiting protrusion 33 and the locking gear 31 do not rotate or move relatively, and may be an integrally formed design of the limiting protrusion 33 and the locking gear 31, where the limiting protrusion 33 extends into the slot 25 formed in the second connecting end 21, that is, the limiting protrusion 33 and the second connecting end 21 do not rotate relatively but only rotate synchronously, and the locking gear 31 is fixedly connected to the limiting protrusion 33, so that if the second connecting end 21 rotates, the locking gear 31 also rotates synchronously, and at this time, the locking gear 31 is engaged with the gear recess 13 of the first connecting end 11, so that the rotation of the locking gear 31 inevitably drives the first connecting end 11 to rotate, and then the final result is that the first connecting end 11 and the second connecting end 21 are relatively fixed and cannot rotate relatively, that is, that at this time, the locking mechanism 3 is in a locking state. Of course, the gear recess 13 may be formed on the second connecting end 21 and the slot 25 corresponding to the limit protrusion 33 may be formed on the first connecting end 11.

In order to achieve that the locking mechanism 3 can be in an unlocked state, i.e. when the locking gear 31 is disengaged from the gear recess 13, and to enable the locking gear 31 to be kept in the disengaged state, so as to facilitate the free angle adjustment of the vertebral plate 61 during the operation, in this embodiment, an arc-shaped slot 26 is provided at one end of the slot 25 away from the gear recess 13, the arc-shaped slot 26 is communicated with the slot 25, the arc-shaped slot 26 can be screwed in by the limit projection 33, when the locking gear 31 is pushed away from the gear recess 13, the limit projection 33 will move along the slot 25 in the direction of the arc-shaped slot 26, then the locking gear 31 is rotated, i.e. the limit projection 33 is screwed into the arc-shaped slot 26, at this time, the limit projection 33 will be blocked by the wall of the arc-shaped slot 26 and cannot move in the direction of the gear recess 13, so that the locking gear 31 cannot be returned into the gear recess 13 under the elastic force of the spring 32, i.e. the state that the locking gear 31 is kept disengaged from the gear recess 13, i.e. the second connecting end 21 is rotated, and the connecting end 21 is kept in a state that is relatively stationary, and the connecting end 11 is relatively connected to the second connecting end 11.

In order to facilitate the reset of the locking gear 31 to be engaged with the gear recess 13 after the opening angle of the vertebral plate 61 is determined and the fixing plate is locked and fixed, i.e. the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 are locked relatively, in this embodiment, an operation convex pillar 313 is arranged at one end of the locking gear 31 far away from the limit convex bump 33, a through hole 14 is correspondingly arranged at the first connecting end 11 for exposing the operation part 34 of the operation convex pillar 313, and the operation part 34 is operated to realize the engagement or disengagement of the locking gear 31 and the gear recess 13.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 8 to 9, the locking mechanism 3 of this embodiment includes a sliding pin 35 and slots 36, the sliding pin 35 is slidably connected to the first connection end 11, the slots 36 are disposed on the second connection end 21 in a plurality of annular spaced arrangements, an open end of the slot 36 faces the sliding pin 35, and when the sliding pin 35 is inserted into one of the slots 36, the locking mechanism 3 is in a locking state. Of course, the sliding bolt 35 can also be arranged on the second connection end 21 and the slot 36 on the first connection end 11, i.e. the position can be changed.

In order to ensure that the sliding pin 35 does not fall off, in some embodiments, a sliding groove 15 with a wide bottom and a narrow top is formed on the first connection end 11 for connecting the sliding pin 35, such as a trapezoidal sliding groove 15, a convex sliding groove 15, and the like, an upper end of the sliding groove 15 is opened to allow the sliding pin 35 to be pulled, and the sliding groove 15 is also opened towards the slot 36 to allow the sliding pin 35 to be inserted into the slot 36; the corresponding sliding bolt 35 comprises a sliding block 351 and a convex pin 352, the shape of the sliding block 351 is matched with the shape of the sliding groove 15, the sliding block 351 is inserted into the sliding groove 15 and cannot fall from the opening of the upper end of the sliding groove 15, the sliding block 351 can slide in the sliding groove 15, when the sliding block 351 is positioned at the end opening of the sliding groove 15, the convex pin 352 extends out of the sliding groove 15 and enters the slot 36, and the locking mechanism 3 is in a locking state; when the slide block 351 is located in the depth of the slide groove 15, the protruding pin 352 is retracted into the slide groove 15, and the lock mechanism 3 is in the unlocked state, and the first connection plate 1 and the second connection plate 2 can rotate relatively.

In order to further improve the locking firmness, in some embodiments, two locking mechanisms 3 may be provided, as shown in fig. 8, two sliding bolts 35 are respectively provided on two ends of the cylinder of the first connecting end 11, and two ends of the cylinder of the second connecting end 21 are provided with the slots 36 arranged at intervals in a ring shape, so that locking is performed through the sliding bolts 35 at the two ends, and the firmness is more reliable, even if one of the sliding bolts moves during the postoperative patient movement to separate the convex pin 352 from the slot 36, the other sliding bolt 35 is in the locking state, and the locking mechanism 3 can still be ensured to be in the locking state. Further, the engagement between the protruding pin 352 and the slot 36 may be designed to be a close-fitting manner, i.e. when the protruding pin 352 is inserted into the slot 36, the surface of the protruding pin 352 is closely fitted with the surface of the slot 36.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 10 to 12, the locking mechanism 3 of this embodiment is one-way locked, that is, the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 can rotate in one direction after being locked. The locking mechanism 3 comprises a ratchet wheel 37, a pawl 38 and a locking block 39, as shown in fig. 12, the ratchet wheel 37 is connected to the outer end of the second connecting end 21 through a rotating shaft 4, and the ratchet wheel 37 is synchronously and rotatably connected with the second connecting end 21; the inner side end of the corresponding first connecting end 11 is provided with a concave position 16 for accommodating a ratchet wheel 37; the pawl 38 is connected to the first connection end 11 in a freely swinging manner, and the pawl end of the pawl 38 extends into the ratchet gap of the ratchet wheel 37; the locking block 39 is locked on the first connecting end 11 by the screw 8, and the locking block 39 is used for limiting the pawl 38 to swing in the reverse direction, namely limiting the ratchet wheel 37 to rotate in the reverse direction. That is, when the locking block 39 is not locked to the first connection end 11, the ratchet wheel 37 can rotate freely in both directions, and the pawl 38 can also swing freely in both directions, that is, the first connection plate 1 and the second connection plate 2 can rotate relatively; when the locking block 39 is locked to the first connecting end 11, the locking block 39 limits the reverse swing of the pawl 38, so that the ratchet wheel 37 is limited to rotate in the reverse direction, i.e. the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 can only rotate relatively in one direction. Likewise, the ratchet wheel 37 can be synchronously connected to the first connecting end 11, while the pawl 38 and the locking piece 39 are arranged at the second connecting end 21.

In order to realize synchronous rotation connection between the ratchet wheel 37 and the second connection end 21, the rotation shaft 4 of this embodiment is designed to have a concave-convex surface at the connection part between the ratchet wheel 37 and the second connection end 21, so as to ensure that the rotation shaft 4 is fixedly connected with the ratchet wheel 37 and the second connection end 21, and the connection between the rotation shaft 4 and the first connection end 11 is in a relatively rotatable socket connection manner.

Further, one side of the pawl 38 facing the locking block 39 is provided with a limiting block 382, one side of the corresponding locking block 39 facing the limiting block 382 extends out of the limiting block 393, and the spatial position of the limiting block 393 in the up-down direction is greater than the height of the limiting block 393; when the locking block 39 is locked to the first connection end 11 and the pawl 38 is in a natural state not driven by the ratchet wheel 37, the limiting block 393 extends into the limiting bit 382 and is located at the lower part of the limiting bit 382, and at this time, if the pawl 38 swings in the opposite direction, the limiting block 393 is abutted against the limiting bit 382 to limit the pawl 38 to swing in the opposite direction; when the pawl 38 swings in the positive direction, the limiting block 393 can shift to the upper side of the limiting block 382 relative to the limiting block 382 when the pawl 38 swings in the positive direction, that is, the pawl 38 can swing in the positive direction under the driving of the ratchet wheel 37, and after the ratchet of the ratchet wheel 37 leaves the pawl end of the pawl 38, the pawl 38 automatically resets to the natural state under the action of gravity or the torsion of a torsion spring sleeved on a shaft connected with the pawl 38.

The locking block 39 of this embodiment has a connecting block 391 extending from the other side opposite to the limiting block 393, the connecting block 391 is opened with a locking hole 392, and the locking block 39 is locked with the first connecting end 11 by screwing a screw 8 into the locking hole 392 and the first connecting end 11. After the locking mechanism 3 is locked, the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 can rotate in the direction of the larger opening angle of the opening side of the vertebral plate 61, so that the fixing plate can meet the actual requirement, and even if the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 rotate relatively after being locked, the opening angle of the opening side is only increased, namely, only the vertebral canal cavity 63 can be increased, so that the problem of oppressing the spinal nerves again can not be caused. Of course, if the locking mechanism 3 of this embodiment is used, another vertebral body fixing plate must be connected to the door opening side, i.e., the door opening side is also fixed, so that the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 of this embodiment do not rotate relative to each other without the vertebral body fixing plate on the door opening side being loosened.

In order to facilitate the adjustment of the vertebral plate 61 during the operation and ensure that the screws 9 can be locked at the proper thickness position of the vertebral plate 61, in some embodiments, the locking holes 392 on the first locking plate 12 and the second locking plate 22 are designed to be strip-shaped locking holes 5, the width of the strip-shaped locking hole 5 matches the diameter of the screw 9, but the length of the strip-shaped locking hole 5 is larger than the diameter of the screw 9, so that the screws 9 can move in the strip-shaped locking holes 5, thus the positions of the first locking plate 12 or the second locking plate 22 relative to the vertebral bodies at both ends of the portal axis can be adjusted through the strip-shaped locking holes 5, i.e., during the operation, the screws 9 can be locked at the positions with thicker thicknesses of the vertebral plate 61 and the cervical vertebra 62, so as to ensure that the screws 8 can be firmly locked with the vertebral plate 61 and the cervical vertebra 62, and after the screws 9 are locked at the proper positions, the first locking plate 12 and the second locking plate 22 can be temporarily unlocked, so as to ensure that both the vertebral plate 61 and the cervical vertebra 62 can move relative to achieve the proper position adjustment of the vertebral plate 61, so as to achieve the tight contact between the root of the vertebral plate 61 and the cervical vertebra 62, and the vertebral body 61 after the bone shaft, and the bone shaft, so as to improve the healing speed of the vertebral plate 61.

The first embodiment is as follows:

as shown in fig. 1 to 7, the fixing plate for posterior laminoplasty of this embodiment of cervical vertebrae comprises a first connecting plate 1, a second connecting plate 2 and a locking mechanism 3, wherein the first connecting plate 1 comprises a first connecting end 11 and a first locking plate 12, the first connecting end 11 is a cylinder separately arranged at both ends, a shaft hole 40 is formed in the middle of the cylinder, and a strip-shaped locking hole 5 is formed in the first locking plate 12; the second connecting plate 2 comprises a second connecting end 21 and a second locking plate 22, the second connecting end 21 is a cylinder arranged in the middle, the diameter of the cylinder is the same as that of the cylinder of the first connecting end 11, a shaft hole 40 is also formed in the middle of the same cylinder, the cylinder of the second connecting end 21 can be placed between the cylinders at the two ends of the first connecting end 11, and the rotating shaft 4 is inserted into the shaft hole 40 after the two cylinders are aligned, so that the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 can be connected together in a relatively rotatable manner, as shown in fig. 1. As shown in fig. 2 or fig. 3, the rotating shaft 4 of this embodiment is a shaft body with a larger diameter at one end and a smaller diameter at the other end, the inner diameter of the cylindrical shaft hole 40 of the first connecting end 11 is the same as the diameter of the large-diameter end of the rotating shaft 4, the inner diameter of the cylindrical shaft hole 40 of the second connecting end 21 is slightly larger than the diameter of the small-diameter end of the rotating shaft 4, and the rotating shaft 4 is inserted from the shaft hole 40 of the first connecting end 11, so that the small-diameter end of the rotating shaft 4 penetrates through the shaft hole 40 of the second connecting end 21 and the tail end of the rotating shaft extends into the cylindrical shaft hole 40 of the other end of the first connecting end 11.

As shown in fig. 4, the locking mechanism 3 of this embodiment includes a locking gear 31, a spring 32, and a limit protrusion 33, and a gear recess 13 engaged with the locking gear 31 is correspondingly disposed on the first connecting end 11, as shown in fig. 5, specifically, the gear recess 13 is disposed on an inner side surface of a cylinder of an end of the rotating shaft 4, into which the end of the small diameter end extends; correspondingly, a circular concave cavity 23 is formed in the cylindrical side surface of the second connecting end 21 adjacent to the end, as shown in fig. 6, the inner diameter of the circular concave cavity 23 is larger than the maximum diameter of the locking gear 31, so that the locking gear 31 can be retracted into the circular concave cavity 23, one end of the spring 32 abuts against the cavity bottom of the circular concave cavity 23, the other end of the spring abuts against the end surface of the locking gear 31, so that the locking gear 31 is pushed towards the gear concave position 13, and the locking gear 31 can extend into the gear concave position 13 to be engaged under the action of the spring 32; in order to avoid the performance influence caused by the radial deviation of the spring 32, as shown in fig. 4, in this embodiment, a sleeve ring 311 is provided on the end surface of the locking gear 31, the sleeve ring 311 is formed by three arc-shaped blocks at intervals, the outer diameter of the sleeve ring 311 is the same as the inner diameter of the spring 32, and one end of the spring 32 is sleeved on the sleeve ring 311, so that the radial deviation of the spring 32 relative to the locking gear 31 can be avoided.

As shown in fig. 4, the limit protrusion 33 is fixedly connected with the lock gear 31, the limit protrusion 33 and the lock gear 31 of this embodiment are integrally formed, a circular convex pillar 312 is convexly disposed in the middle of the end surface of the lock gear 31 where the sleeve ring 311 is disposed, and the limit protrusion is disposed at the end position of the circular convex pillar 312 and is convexly disposed in the radial direction; as shown in fig. 6, the second connecting end 21 is correspondingly provided with a circular hole 24 into which the circular boss 312 can extend, and the circular hole 24 is provided with a slot 25 into which the limiting protrusion 33 can extend. After the limiting protrusion 33 extends into the slot 25, the limiting protrusion 33 and the second connecting end 21 do not rotate relatively, but rotate synchronously, and the locking gear 31 is fixedly connected to the limiting protrusion 33, so that if the second connecting end 21 rotates, the locking gear 31 rotates synchronously, and the locking gear 31 is engaged with the gear concave 13 of the first connecting end 11, so that the rotation of the locking gear 31 inevitably drives the first connecting end 11 to rotate, and as a final result, the first connecting end 11 and the second connecting end 21 are relatively fixed and cannot rotate relatively, that is, the locking mechanism 3 is in a locking state at this time, as shown in fig. 2.

As shown in fig. 6, the slot 25 of this embodiment has an arc-shaped slot 26 at an end away from the gear recess 13, the arc-shaped slot 26 is approximately a quarter of a circle in length, and the limit protrusion 33 can be screwed into the arc-shaped slot 26. When the locking gear 31 is pushed away from the gear concave 13 (i.e. the locking gear 31 moves into the circular concave cavity 23), the limiting bump 33 will move towards the arc-shaped groove 26 along the slot 25, and when the locking gear 31 completely leaves the gear concave 13, the limiting bump 33 is just positioned at the entrance of the arc-shaped groove 26; next, the lock gear 31 is rotated, so that the limit protrusion 33 can be screwed into the arc-shaped groove 26, and at this time, the limit protrusion 33 is blocked by the groove wall of the arc-shaped groove 26 and cannot move toward the gear recess 13, so that the lock gear 31 cannot be reset into the gear recess 13 under the elastic force of the spring 32, but keeps the state that the lock gear 31 is separated from the gear recess 13, so that the lock mechanism 3 is in the unlocked state, as shown in fig. 3, in the unlocked state, when the second connection end 21 is rotated, the limit protrusion 33 and the lock gear 31 both rotate synchronously with the second connection end 21, and the first connection end 11 where the gear recess 13 is located keeps a relatively stationary state, that is, the first connection end 11 and the second connection end 21 can rotate relatively. Therefore, the vertebral plate 61 can be freely adjusted in the operation process.

As shown in fig. 4, in this embodiment, an operation protrusion 313 is disposed at one end of the locking gear 31 away from the limit protrusion 33, an operation portion 34 is disposed on an outer end surface of the operation protrusion 313, the operation portion 34 is a hexagonal hole, and a hexagonal key is inserted into the operation portion 34 to push and rotate the locking gear 31, the through hole 14 is correspondingly disposed at the first connection end 11, so that the operation portion 34 can be exposed, after the angles of the first connection plate 1 and the second connection plate 2 are determined, the hexagonal key is inserted into the operation portion 34 from the through hole 14, so as to drive the locking gear 31 to rotate, that is, the limit protrusion 33 rotates to a position aligned with the slot 25, and at this time, the locking gear 31 automatically moves to the gear recess 13 and engages with the gear recess 13 under the elastic force of the spring 32. The locking device is convenient and quick to operate, is firm to lock, and cannot be locked or unlocked automatically in the later process. Similarly, when the locking mechanism 3 is to be unlocked, the hexagonal key is inserted into the operating portion 34, and then the locking gear 31 is forced to move toward the circular concave cavity 23, and the hexagonal key is rotated after the locking gear is moved to the position where the locking gear cannot move, so that the limiting protrusion 33 is screwed into the arc-shaped groove 26, and the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 can be rotated relatively.

Before the operation, firstly, a hexagonal key is used for pushing the locking gear 31 away from the gear concave position 13, and the locking gear 31 is rotated, so that the limiting convex block 33 is screwed into the arc-shaped groove 26, namely, the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 can be in a state of relative rotation; when in operation, the posterior side of the cervical vertebra is cut open, then one side of the vertebral plate 61 is selected as the door axis side, the root of the side of the vertebral plate 61 is bitten off by a tool and is directly bitten off, and the root of the vertebral plate 61 at the other side is also opened as the door opening side; then, finding proper lower points of the screws 9 on the vertebral plate 61 and the cervical vertebra part 62 close to the door shaft side, respectively, and locking the screws 9 at the two positions on the vertebral plate 61 and the cervical vertebra part 62 after penetrating the strip-shaped locking holes 5 of the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 respectively, but not tightly screwing the screws temporarily, so as to ensure that the vertebral plate 61 and the cervical vertebra part 62 can move relative to the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2; then, adjusting the vertebral plate 61, rotating the vertebral plate 61 around the rotating shaft 4 of the fixing plate, expanding the opening side of the vertebral plate 61 to enlarge the vertebral canal cavity 63, adjusting the distance between the vertebral plate 61 and the cervical vertebra part 62 after the vertebral canal cavity 63 is large enough, contacting the door shaft side end of the vertebral plate 61 with the cervical vertebra part 62, locking the screw 9 after close contact to fix the vertebral plate 61, and connecting another vertebral body fixing plate on the opening side according to the situation; finally, the hexagonal key extends into the operation part 34, the locking gear 31 is rotated to enable the limiting lug 33 to be aligned with the slot position 25, then the hexagonal key is pulled out, and the locking gear 31 automatically resets under the action of the spring 32 to be matched with the gear concave position 13, namely the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 are relatively locked. The operation can be completed, as shown in fig. 7, since the door shaft side end of the vertebral plate 61 is in contact with the cervical vertebra part 62, the vertebral plate 61 and the cervical vertebra part 62 at the end can be integrated by bone, and since the fixing plate is arranged at the door shaft side of the vertebral plate 61, the problem that the door shaft side is broken and sunk in the process of postoperative life of a patient is not worried.

The second embodiment:

as shown in fig. 8 and 9, the posterior cervical laminoplasty fixed plate of this embodiment includes a first connecting plate 1, a second connecting plate 2 and a locking mechanism 3, wherein the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 have the same structure as the first embodiment, and therefore, the detailed description thereof is omitted. Different, as shown in fig. 9, the rotating shaft 4 of this embodiment is a cylindrical shaft with a constant diameter, the inner diameter of the corresponding cylindrical shaft hole 40 at the two ends of the first connecting end 11 is the same as or slightly smaller than the diameter of the rotating shaft 4, so as to ensure that the rotating shaft 4 is fixedly connected with the shaft hole 40 of the first connecting end 11 in a matching manner, the inner diameter of the cylindrical shaft hole 40 of the second connecting end 21 is slightly larger than the diameter of the rotating shaft 4, and after the connection, the first connecting plate 1 and the rotating shaft 4 rotate synchronously, and the second connecting plate 2 can rotate relative to the rotating shaft 4.

The locking mechanism 3 of this embodiment includes a sliding bolt 35 and a slot 36, the sliding bolt 35 is slidably connected to the first connecting end 11, and correspondingly, a sliding slot 15 is formed on the cylinder of the first connecting end 11. In order to ensure that the sliding pin 35 does not fall off the sliding groove 15, the sliding groove 15 of this embodiment is a "convex" shaped sliding groove 15 with a wide bottom and a narrow top. This embodiment is provided with a sliding groove 15 on each of the two end cylinders of the first connection end 11. The sliding plug 35 of this embodiment includes a sliding block 351 and a protruding pin 352, wherein the sliding block 351 has a shape matching the shape of the sliding groove 15, i.e., a block with a cross section of a shape like a Chinese character 'tu', the upper end of the sliding groove 15 is open, so that the upper end of the sliding block 351 can be exposed to the outside for pulling the sliding plug 35, and the sliding groove 15 is also open toward the insertion groove 36 for the protruding pin 352 to be inserted into the insertion groove 36 outside the sliding groove 15. In order to avoid the sliding when the sliding block 351 is shifted, the upper surface of the sliding block 351 is provided with the concave-convex lines 41 to increase the friction force. This protruding round pin 352 and sliding block 351 integrated into one piece, protruding round pin 352 at the tip of sliding block 351, the size of protruding round pin 352 is the same with slot 36, and protruding round pin 352's surface can be designed into the rough surface to guarantee that protruding round pin 352 pegs graft with slot 36 after frictional force between the two is bigger, improve the fastness of pegging graft.

The slot 36 of this embodiment has a plurality of and the setting that the annular interval was arranged at the cylinder end of second link 21, all be equipped with slot 36 at cylindrical both ends, the open end of slot 36 is towards the direction of sliding bolt 35, after first connecting plate 1 and second connecting plate 2 confirmed relative angle position, will promote sliding block 351 and make boss pin 352 insert rather than a slot 36 of aliging, can realize that first connecting plate 1 and second connecting plate 2 lock mutually, locking mechanical system 3 is in the lock-out condition promptly, the operation is very convenient and fast, effectively save operative duration.

The operation adopts the cervical vertebra posterior path single-door spinal canal enlargement forming operation, before the operation, the sliding bolt 35 is shifted to the position where the convex pin 352 is far away from the slot 36, namely, the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 can rotate relatively; when in operation, the posterior side of the cervical vertebra is cut, then one side of the vertebral plate 61 is selected as the door axis side, the root of the side of the vertebral plate 61 is bitten off by a tool and is directly bitten off, and the root of the vertebral plate 61 at the other side is also opened as the door opening side; then, finding out proper lower points of the screws 9 on the vertebral plate 61 and the cervical vertebra part 62 close to the door axis side, respectively, and locking the screws 9 at the two positions on the vertebral plate 61 and the cervical vertebra part 62 after respectively penetrating through the strip-shaped locking holes 5 of the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2, but not tightly screwing the screws temporarily, so as to ensure that the vertebral plate 61 and the cervical vertebra part 62 can move relative to the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2; then, adjusting the vertebral plate 61, rotating the vertebral plate 61 around the rotating shaft 4 of the fixing plate, expanding the opening side of the vertebral plate 61 to enlarge the vertebral canal cavity 63, adjusting the distance between the vertebral plate 61 and the cervical vertebra part 62 after the vertebral canal cavity 63 is large enough, contacting the door shaft side end of the vertebral plate 61 with the cervical vertebra part 62, locking the screw 9 after close contact to fix the vertebral plate 61, and connecting another vertebral body fixing plate on the opening side according to the situation; finally, the two sliding bolts 35 are moved to the end ports of the sliding grooves 15, so that the convex pins 352 are inserted into the slots 36, and the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 are locked. So can accomplish the operation, because the door shaft side end of vertebral plate 61 has the contact with cervical vertebra portion 62, so the vertebral plate 61 and the cervical vertebra portion 62 of this end of later stage can the sclerotin heal into an organic whole, owing to be equipped with the fixed plate in the door shaft side of vertebral plate 61, so do not worry the patient and lead to the problem that the door shaft side fracture sinks in the postoperative life process.

Example three:

as shown in fig. 10 to 12, the posterior cervical laminoplasty fixed plate of this embodiment includes a first connecting plate 1, a second connecting plate 2 and a locking mechanism 3, wherein the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 have the same structure as the first embodiment, and therefore, the detailed description thereof is omitted. Different from the above, as shown in fig. 11, there are two rotating shafts 4 in this embodiment, two ends of the first connecting end 11 are connected to one another, and the rotating shaft 4 is a shaft body with a larger head end diameter and a smaller body end diameter, and the surface of the shaft body at the body end is designed to be a surface with concave-convex grains 41, the inner diameter of the corresponding cylindrical shaft hole 40 at two ends of the first connecting end 11 is slightly larger than the diameter of the head end of the rotating shaft 4, and the inner diameter of the cylindrical shaft hole 40 at the second connecting end 21 is the same as or slightly smaller than the diameter of the body end of the rotating shaft 4, after the rotating shaft 4 passes through the shaft hole 40 of the first connecting end 11, the body end is tightly matched with the shaft hole 40 of the second connecting end 21, so that the rotating shaft 4 and the second connecting end 21 rotate synchronously, and the first connecting end 11 can rotate relative to the rotating shaft 4.

As shown in fig. 12, the locking mechanism 3 of this embodiment is one-way locked, that is, the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 can be rotated in one direction after locking. The locking mechanism 3 comprises a ratchet wheel 37, a pawl 38 and a locking block 39, the ratchet wheel 37 is connected to the outer side end of the second connecting end 21 through the rotating shaft 4, and a wheel hole of the ratchet wheel 37 is closely matched and connected with the body end of the rotating shaft 4, so that the ratchet wheel 37 and the second connecting end 21 can synchronously rotate; the corresponding first connection end 11 has a circular concave 16 at the inner side end of the cylinder at the end where the ratchet wheel 37 is located, and the diameter of the concave 16 is larger than the outer diameter of the ratchet wheel 37, so that after the first connection end 11 is connected with the second connection end 21, the ratchet wheel 37 is located in the concave 16 of the first connection end 11, as shown in fig. 11; on the cylindrical surface of the end with the concave part 16, a square through hole 17 is opened to communicate with the concave part 16, a pin 7 is inserted in the middle of the square through hole 14, a pin hole 381 is correspondingly arranged on the pawl 38, the pin hole 381 is matched with the pin 7, so the ratchet wheel 37 can be freely and swingably connected to the first connecting end 11, and the claw end of the pawl 38 extends into the concave part 16 and is positioned in a gap between two adjacent ratchet teeth of the ratchet wheel 37, i.e. the pawl 38 is driven to swing when the ratchet wheel 37 rotates, the embodiment is further provided with a torsion spring (not shown in the figure) on the pin 7, and the torsion spring can reset the pawl 38 to a natural state, namely the so-called natural state, i.e. the state that the pawl 38 is not driven by the ratchet teeth of the ratchet wheel 37 to swing.

As shown in fig. 11, the first connection end 11 is provided with a connection location 18 on one side of the square through opening 17, and the connection location 18 can be used for placing and connecting the locking block 39. In this embodiment, the locking block 39 is provided with a connecting block 391 in a direction away from the pawl 38, the connecting block 391 is provided with two locking holes 392, and the corresponding connecting position 18 is also provided with two threaded holes (not shown in the figure), and the locking block 39 and the first connecting end 11 can be locked and fixed by screwing the screw 8 into the locking holes 392 and then screwing into the threaded holes. The locking block 39 is used for limiting the pawl 38 from swinging in the opposite direction, that is, when the locking block 39 is not connected to the connecting position 18, the pawl 38 can swing freely in both directions, and the ratchet wheel 37 can also rotate freely in both directions, that is, the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 can rotate freely relative to each other; when the locking block 39 is connected to the connecting position 18, the locking block 39 limits the reverse swing of the pawl 38, so that the ratchet wheel 37 is limited to rotate in the reverse direction, i.e. the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 can only rotate relatively in one direction.

As shown in fig. 12, the lock block 39 of this embodiment extends to form a limit block 393 in the direction toward the pawl 38, and correspondingly, a limit bit 382 is provided on the side of the pawl 38 facing the lock block 39, the limit bit 382 is at a spatial position in the up-down direction larger than the height of the limit block 393, when the lock block 39 is locked on the first connection end 11 and the pawl 38 is in a natural state, the limit block 393 extends into the limit bit 382 and is located at the lower part of the limit bit 382, and at this time, if the pawl 38 swings in the opposite direction, the limit block 393 will abut against the limit bit 382 to limit the pawl 38 from swinging in the opposite direction; at this time, when the pawl 38 swings in the forward direction, the limiting block 393 can shift upward from the limiting block 382 relative to the limiting block 382 because the limiting block 382 has a space above the limiting block 393, that is, the pawl 38 can swing in the forward direction under the driving of the ratchet wheel 37, and when the ratchet of the ratchet wheel 37 leaves the pawl end of the pawl 38, the pawl 38 automatically resets to the natural state under the torsion of the torsion spring. That is, after the locking block 39 is locked to the first connection end 11 by the screw 8, the locking block 39 restricts the pawl 38 from swinging in the reverse direction, that is, restricts the ratchet wheel 37 from rotating in the reverse direction, so that the ratchet wheel 37 can only rotate in the forward direction. This positive direction is the direction that makes the opening angle of the side of opening the door of the vertebral plate 61 bigger, so even if first connecting plate 1 and second connecting plate 2 have relatively rotated after locking, just let the opening angle of the side of opening the door bigger then, just can make the canalis spinalis cavity 63 bigger promptly, so can not cause the problem of oppressing the spinal nerve again.

The operation adopts a posterior cervical spine one-way open-door spinal canal expansion forming operation, before the operation, the locking block 39 is removed, so that the pawl 38 can freely swing in the positive and negative directions, namely, the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 can relatively rotate; when in operation, the posterior side of the cervical vertebra is cut, then one side of the vertebral plate 61 is selected as the door axis side, the root of the side of the vertebral plate 61 is bitten off by a tool and is directly bitten off, and the root of the vertebral plate 61 at the other side is also opened as the door opening side; then, finding out proper lower points of the screws 9 on the vertebral plate 61 and the cervical vertebra part 62 close to the door axis side, respectively, and locking the screws 9 at the two positions on the vertebral plate 61 and the cervical vertebra part 62 after respectively penetrating through the strip-shaped locking holes 5 of the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2, but not tightly screwing the screws temporarily, so as to ensure that the vertebral plate 61 and the cervical vertebra part 62 can move relative to the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2; then, adjusting the vertebral plate 61, rotating the vertebral plate 61 around the rotating shaft 4 of the fixing plate, expanding the opening side of the vertebral plate 61 to enlarge the vertebral canal cavity 63 until the vertebral canal cavity 63 is large enough, adjusting the distance between the vertebral plate 61 and the cervical vertebra part 62 to make the door shaft side end of the vertebral plate 61 contact with the cervical vertebra part 62, locking the screw 9 after tight contact to fix the vertebral plate 61, and connecting another vertebral body fixing plate on the opening side, namely connecting and fixing the vertebral plate 61 on the opening side with the cervical vertebra part 62 on the side; finally, the locking block 39 is re-locked into the recess 16 of the first connecting end 11, so that the limiting block 393 is matched with the limiting position 382 of the pawl 38, and thus the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 can only rotate in the direction of making the door-opening side of the vertebral plate 61 larger, but because the door-opening side is also connected with the vertebral body fixing plate, the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 can not rotate relatively unless the vertebral body fixing plate on the door-opening side is loosened. So can accomplish the operation, because the door shaft side end of vertebral plate 61 has the contact with cervical vertebra portion 62, so the vertebral plate 61 and the cervical vertebra portion 62 of this end of later stage can the sclerotin heal into an organic whole, owing to be equipped with the fixed plate in the door shaft side of vertebral plate 61, so do not worry the patient and lead to the problem that the door shaft side fracture sinks in the postoperative life process.

In the description herein, references to the description of the terms "embodiment," "example," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A fixing plate for posterior cervical vertebra laminoplasty is characterized by comprising a first connecting plate, a second connecting plate and a locking mechanism, wherein the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate are respectively connected to vertebral bodies at two ends of the side of a posterior cervical vertebra operation door spindle;

the first connecting plate comprises a first connecting end and a first locking plate, the second connecting plate comprises a second connecting end and a second locking plate, and the first connecting end and the second connecting end are hinged to realize relative rotation of the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate;

the first locking plate and the second locking plate are both provided with locking holes, and the first locking plate or the second locking plate is fixedly connected with the two end centrums at the door shaft side through the locking connection Kong Shixian;

the locking mechanism is arranged on the first connecting end or the second connecting end and is used for locking the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate at a required relative angle position.

2. The posterior cervical laminoplasty fixed plate of claim 1, wherein the locking mechanism has an unlocked state in which the first web is free to rotate relative to the second web and a locked state; and in the locking state, the first connecting plate is locked in unidirectional rotation or bidirectional rotation relative to the second connecting plate.

3. The posterior cervical laminoplasty fixation plate of claim 2, wherein the locking mechanism comprises a locking gear, a spring, and a limiting protrusion, a gear recess engaged with the locking gear is correspondingly disposed on the first connecting end, the locking gear can extend into the gear recess to engage with the gear recess under the action of the spring, the limiting protrusion is fixedly connected to the locking gear, and the limiting protrusion extends into the slot defined by the second connecting end, when the locking mechanism is in the locking state.

4. The posterior cervical laminoplasty fixed plate of claim 3, wherein the slot has an arc slot at an end thereof away from the concave portion of the gear, the arc slot is adapted to receive the limiting protrusion, the limiting protrusion is rotated to rotate the limiting protrusion after the locking gear is pushed away from the concave portion of the gear, the limiting protrusion is rotated into the arc slot, the locking gear is limited by the limiting protrusion in a state of being away from the concave portion of the gear, that is, the locking mechanism is in the unlocked state, and the first connecting end and the second connecting end are relatively rotatable.

5. The posterior cervical laminoplasty fixation plate of claim 4, wherein the locking gear has an operating protrusion at an end thereof away from the limiting protrusion, and the first connecting end has a through hole for exposing an operating portion of the operating protrusion, and the operating portion is operated to engage or disengage the locking gear with or from the gear recess.

6. The posterior cervical laminoplasty retaining plate of claim 2, wherein the locking mechanism comprises a sliding pin slidably connected to the first connecting end and a plurality of slots annularly spaced on the second connecting end, the open end of the slots facing the sliding pin, wherein the locking mechanism is in the locked position when the sliding pin is inserted into one of the slots.

7. The posterior cervical laminoplasty fixed plate of claim 6, wherein the first connecting end has a sliding slot with a wide bottom and a narrow top, the sliding bolt comprises a sliding block and a protruding pin, the sliding block is shaped to match the sliding slot, the sliding block is inserted into the sliding slot, the protruding pin protrudes into the slot when the sliding block is at the port of the sliding slot, and the locking mechanism is in the locked state; when the sliding block is in the depth of the sliding groove, the convex pin retracts into the sliding groove, and at the moment, the locking mechanism is in the unlocking state.

8. The posterior cervical laminoplasty fixed plate of claim 1, wherein the locking mechanism comprises a ratchet wheel, a pawl and a locking block, the ratchet wheel is connected to the outer side end of the second connecting end through a rotating shaft, the ratchet wheel is connected to the second connecting end in a synchronous rotation manner, and the inner side end of the first connecting end is correspondingly provided with a concave for accommodating the ratchet wheel; the pawl is connected to the first connecting end in a swinging mode, and the pawl end of the pawl extends into the ratchet clearance of the ratchet wheel; the locking block is locked on the first connecting end to limit the pawl to swing in the reverse direction.

9. The posterior cervical laminoplasty fixed plate of claim 8, wherein a limit bit is disposed on a side of the pawl facing the locking block, the limit bit extends from a side of the locking block facing the direction of the limit bit, a locking hole is opened on the other side of the locking block, and a screw is screwed into the locking hole and the first connection end to lock the locking block with the first connection end; after locking, the pawl can only swing in a direction away from the locking block, i.e. there is only one relative rotation direction between the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate, and the rotation direction is a direction that makes the opening angle of the open side of the vertebral plate larger.

10. The posterior cervical laminoplasty fixed plate of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the locking holes of the first locking plate and the second locking plate are bar-shaped locking holes, and the connection position of the first locking plate or the second locking plate with respect to the vertebral bodies at both ends of the door spindle side is adjustable through the bar-shaped locking holes.