CN115810896A - Microstrip antenna and positioning system - Google Patents
Microstrip antenna and positioning system Download PDFInfo
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- CN115810896A CN115810896A CN202211575069.8A CN202211575069A CN115810896A CN 115810896 A CN115810896 A CN 115810896A CN 202211575069 A CN202211575069 A CN 202211575069A CN 115810896 A CN115810896 A CN 115810896A
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005388 cross polarization Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 30
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a microstrip antenna and a positioning system. A microstrip antenna comprising: the antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, and a radiation layer and a grounding layer which are respectively positioned on two sides of the dielectric substrate; the radiating layer comprises at least two identical radiating units and a feed unit, the radiating units are rectangular metal sheets with round hollowed parts in the middle, the at least two radiating units are coupled and fed through the feed unit, and each radiating unit is connected with the adjacent radiating unit through a short-circuit branch; the grounding layer is a metal sheet covering one side of the medium substrate; the feed unit is connected with a feed port of the microstrip antenna. According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the provided microstrip antenna has the advantages of higher bandwidth, smaller volume and high cross polarization, and can meet the use requirement of a positioning system.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to an antenna technology, in particular to a microstrip antenna and a positioning system.
Background
The antenna is one of the key components in a wireless communication system as a carrier for transmitting and receiving information in the wireless communication system, and the performance of the antenna directly affects the technical indexes of the wireless communication system. For the application to the positioning system based on Angle-of-Arrival (AOA), not only the requirements on the mechanical performance of the antenna, the circuit parameters and the amplitude pattern are high, but also the requirement on the isotropic of the phase pattern is higher.
Compared with other antennas, the microstrip antenna has some unique advantages, such as light weight, low profile, easy integration, convenient assembly, few welding points and the like, but the common microstrip antenna belongs to a resonant antenna, has the defects of high Q value and narrow frequency band, has the widest relative bandwidth of only 0.6-3%, is applied to an antenna of a communication system, does not consider the phase consistency of each array element of an array antenna at all, cannot be applied to a system based on AOA positioning, and limits the application of the microstrip antenna in the communication positioning integrated antenna.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a microstrip antenna and a positioning system, which are used for providing an antenna with higher bandwidth, smaller volume and high cross polarization.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a microstrip antenna, including:
the antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, and a radiation layer and a grounding layer which are respectively positioned on two sides of the dielectric substrate;
the radiating layer comprises at least two identical radiating elements and a feed unit, the radiating elements are rectangular metal sheets with round hollowed parts in the middle, the at least two radiating elements are coupled and fed through the feed unit, and each radiating element is connected with the adjacent radiating element through a short-circuit branch;
the grounding layer is a metal sheet covering one side of the medium substrate;
the feed unit is connected with a feed port of the microstrip antenna.
In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the radiation current length of the radiation unit is designed based on one-half of the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency band of the microstrip antenna.
In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the number of the radiation units is even, and at least two radiation units are arranged in a rectangle.
In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the number of the radiation units is four, and the four radiation units are arranged in a square shape.
In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the feeding unit is located at the center of at least two identical radiating units.
In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the feeding unit is a rectangular metal sheet located at the center of at least two identical radiating units.
In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the direction of the short-circuit branch is perpendicular to the direction of the feeding unit.
In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, a size of the metal sheet forming the ground layer is less than or equal to one half of a wavelength corresponding to an operating frequency band of the microstrip antenna.
In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, an SMA connector is connected to the side of the dielectric substrate located on the ground layer, an inner conductor of the SMA connector is used as a feeding port and connected to the feeding unit through the dielectric substrate, and an outer conductor of the SMA connector is connected to the ground layer.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a positioning system, where the positioning system includes a baseband processing unit, a radio frequency processing unit, and an antenna, and the antenna is a microstrip antenna in any one of possible implementation manners of the first aspect
The microstrip antenna and the positioning system provided by the embodiment of the invention comprise a dielectric substrate, and a radiation layer and a ground layer which are respectively positioned at two sides of the dielectric substrate, wherein the radiation layer comprises at least two same radiation units and a feed unit, the radiation units are rectangular metal sheets with circular hollows in the middle, the at least two radiation units are coupled and fed through the feed unit, each radiation unit is connected with the adjacent radiation unit through a short-circuit branch, the ground layer is a metal sheet covering one side of the dielectric substrate, the feed unit is connected with a feed port of the microstrip antenna, and the microstrip antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention has higher bandwidth, smaller volume and high cross polarization and can meet the use requirement of the positioning system by arranging a plurality of rectangular radiation units with circular hollows and short-circuit branches connected with the radiation units.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a top view of a microstrip antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a side view of a microstrip antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of S-parameters of a microstrip antenna based on the above embodiment;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the gain in the horizontal direction of the microstrip antenna according to the above embodiment;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of vertical gain of the microstrip antenna based on the above specific example.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention. It should be further noted that, for the convenience of description, only some of the structures related to the present invention are shown in the drawings, not all of the structures.
Fig. 1 and fig. 2 are schematic structural diagrams of a microstrip antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, where fig. 1 is a top view of the microstrip antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 2 is a side view of the microstrip antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the microstrip antenna provided in the present embodiment includes a dielectric substrate 11, and a radiation layer 12 and a ground layer 13 respectively located on both sides of the dielectric substrate 11.
The radiation layer 11 comprises at least two identical radiation units 14 and a feed unit 15, the radiation units 14 are rectangular metal sheets with round hollow-outs in the middle, the at least two radiation units 14 are coupled and fed through the feed unit 15, and each radiation unit 14 is connected with the adjacent radiation unit 14 through a short-circuit branch 16; the grounding layer 13 is a metal sheet covering one side of the dielectric substrate; the feeding unit 15 is connected to a feeding port of the microstrip antenna. The dielectric substrate 11 may be a dielectric substrate with any dielectric constant, and the radiating element 14, the feeding element 15, the short-circuit branch 16 and the ground layer 13 may be copper-clad on the dielectric substrate 11. In the present embodiment, four identical radiation units 14 are taken as an example for description, but the microstrip antenna provided by the present invention is not limited thereto.
The microstrip antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention is composed of a dielectric substrate 11, a radiation layer 12 and a ground layer 13, and is a basic structure of the microstrip antenna, wherein the radiation layer 12 is used as a radiator of electromagnetic waves, and the ground layer 13 is used as a metal reflection plate and grounded, and realizes the radiation of the electromagnetic waves together with the radiation units 14 in the dielectric substrate 11 and the radiation layer 12.
The radiation elements 14 in the radiation layer 12 are used for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves, and the conventional microstrip antenna has only one radiation element, but in the embodiment, the radiation layer 12 includes at least two radiation elements 14, and the at least two radiation elements 14 can effectively increase the bandwidth of the microstrip antenna.
The size of the metal sheet constituting the ground layer 13 may be less than or equal to one half of the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency band of the microstrip antenna.
A certain gap is formed between the at least two radiation units 14 and the feed unit 15, the at least two radiation units 14 are coupled and fed through the feed unit 15, and the feed unit 15 is connected with a feed port of the microstrip antenna. The feeding port may be disposed on the ground layer 13 side, and connected to the feeding unit 15 through the dielectric substrate 11. Such that at least two radiating elements 14 correspond to parasitic elements of a microstrip antenna.
The radiating elements 14 are rectangular metal sheets, which is also the basic radiating element structure of a microstrip antenna, but in the present embodiment, a circular hollow is formed in the middle of each radiating element 14. In a conventional microstrip antenna structure, the size of a rectangular radiating element is designed based on one-half of the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency band of the microstrip antenna. The size of the radiating element refers to the size of the side length of the radiating element. That is, theoretically, the size of the radiating unit of the microstrip antenna is one half of the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency band, and then optimization and debugging are performed based on the size according to the actual structure of the microstrip antenna. This places a limit on the minimum size of the radiating element of the microstrip antenna. In this embodiment, a circular hollow is formed in the middle of each radiating element 14, so that the distribution of current on the radiating element 14 can be changed, and the radiating element 14 is changed into a structure similar to a ring, so that the effective size of the radiating element 14 is not determined according to the side length of the radiating element 14, but determined according to the current length of the radiating element 14 around the hollow circular hole, and thus the size of the radiating element 14 can be effectively reduced, and further the size of the microstrip antenna can be effectively reduced. The radiation current length of the radiation unit 14 can be designed based on one-half of the wavelength corresponding to the operating band of the microstrip antenna, that is, the equivalent radiation current length on the radiation unit 14 is about one-half of the wavelength corresponding to the operating band of the microstrip antenna. When the diameter of the circular hollow in the radiating element 14 is larger, the equivalent electrical length on the remaining radiating element 14 is also longer, and the intensity of the radiating element on the radiating element 14 with smaller size can meet the requirement of one half of the corresponding wavelength of the working frequency band of the microstrip antenna.
The size of the circular hollow in each radiation unit 14 can be set according to actual requirements, the larger the radius of the circular hollow is, the smaller the size of the radiation unit 14 can be set, but correspondingly, the weaker the radiation performance of the radiation unit 14 is, and the radius of the circular hollow can be set according to actual use requirements.
The radiation unit 14 shown in the figure is a corner-cut rectangle, but the microstrip antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto, and the radiation unit 14 may be a rectangle.
After configuring at least two radiation units 14 for the microstrip antenna and setting each radiation unit 14 to be a rectangular metal sheet with a circular hollow, on one hand, the bandwidth of the microstrip antenna can be improved by a plurality of radiation units, and on the other hand, after setting the circular hollow, the overall size of the microstrip antenna cannot be increased by setting the plurality of radiation units, so that the overall size of the microstrip antenna is within a controllable range. The effective control of the whole size of the microstrip antenna is also beneficial to improving the isolation between the microstrip antenna and other devices.
Each radiating element 14 is connected to an adjacent radiating element 14 by a short-circuit stub 16. The shorting stub 16 is a metal sheet used to connect adjacent radiating elements 14. Each radiating element 14 need only be connected to an adjacent radiating element 14 by a short-circuit stub 16. For example, in the configuration of four radiating elements 14 shown in fig. 1, every two radiating elements 14 are connected by a short-circuit branch 16. When at least two radiation units 14 are arranged, influence may be generated between adjacent radiation units 14, and the short-circuit branches 16 are arranged to improve cross polarization performance.
The radiating elements 14 are shown as four, and the four radiating elements 14 are arranged in a square shape, so that the whole microstrip antenna can be made to be the most compact and the smallest size. However, the microstrip antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto, and generally, in order to facilitate the arrangement and feeding of the radiation units 14, the number of the radiation units 14 may be even, and the radiation units 14 are arranged in a rectangular shape, so that the radiation units 14 are compactly arranged. In order to facilitate the feed unit 15 to perform coupling feeding to the plurality of radiation elements 14, the feed unit 15 may be located at the center of the radiation elements 14, so that the feed unit 15 feeds each radiation element 14 with the same amplitude.
The feeding unit 15 shown in fig. 1 is a rectangular metal plate, and the feeding unit 15 is arranged to be rectangular in order to make the coupling strength of the feeding unit 15 to the four radiating units 14 the same. The feeding unit 15 may have other shapes as long as it can couple and feed power to the plurality of radiation units 14 and the feeding strength is the same.
The direction of the short-circuit branch 16 may be perpendicular to the direction of the feed unit 15, and the horizontal currents of the adjacent radiating elements 14 may cancel each other through the short-circuit branch, thereby submitting to cross-polarization performance. The short-circuit branches 16 are shown in fig. 1 in the horizontal direction and the feed unit 15 in the vertical direction.
The feeding port of the microstrip antenna provided by this embodiment may adopt any connection form, for example, the feeding unit 15 is directly connected to the rf processing unit. To facilitate the production and assembly of the microstrip antenna provided in this embodiment, a radio frequency connector may be used as the feed port. For example, an SMA connector may be connected to the side of the dielectric substrate 11 located on the ground plane 13, an inner conductor of the SMA connector serving as a feed port is connected to the feed unit 15 through the dielectric substrate 11, and an outer conductor of the SMA connector is connected to the ground plane 13. The SMA is used as a radio frequency coaxial connector, can conveniently connect the antenna with the radio frequency processing unit through a coaxial cable, and has small volume. Of course, the feed port of the microstrip antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention may also be connected by using other forms of radio frequency connectors.
The microstrip antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises a dielectric substrate, and a radiation layer and a ground layer which are respectively positioned at two sides of the dielectric substrate, wherein the radiation layer comprises at least two same radiation units and a feed unit, the radiation units are rectangular metal sheets with circular hollows in the middle, the at least two radiation units are coupled and fed through the feed unit, each radiation unit is connected with the adjacent radiation unit through a short-circuit branch, the ground layer is a metal sheet covering one side of the dielectric substrate, the feed unit is connected with a feed port of the microstrip antenna, and the microstrip antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention has higher bandwidth, smaller volume and high cross polarization and can meet the use requirement of a positioning system by arranging a plurality of rectangular radiation units with circular hollows and short-circuit branches connected with the radiation units.
In a specific example of the microstrip antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention, a specific structure of the microstrip antenna is as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, where a node constant of the dielectric substrate 11 is 3.38, a thickness of the dielectric substrate is 3.25mm, a length of a metal plate constituting the ground layer 13 is 30mm, and a width of the metal plate is 30mm. Each radiating element 14 has a length of 9.985mm, a width of 8.7mm, and a rectangular corner cut of 1mm. The radius of the circular hollow in the radiating element 14 is 3.3mm. The radiating element 15 has a length of 12.2mm and a width of 2.548mm. The short circuit branch 16 has a length of 2.5mm and a width of 1.1mm.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of S-parameters of the microstrip antenna based on the above embodiment, in which the curve is an S11 curve of the microstrip antenna based on the above embodiment. As can be seen from fig. 3, the frequency bandwidth of not more than-10 dB is 4800MHz-5300MHz, the absolute bandwidth reaches 500MHz, and the relative bandwidth with respect to the central frequency point reaches 10%, which is much higher than that of the common single-layer microstrip antenna by about 3%.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the horizontal gain of the microstrip antenna based on the above specific example, where a curve 41 is a directional gain curve of the radiation unit, and a curve 42 is a directional gain curve perpendicular to the polarization direction of the radiation unit, and it can be seen from the diagram that the horizontal gain reaches 6.75dbi,3dB lobe width is 85.9 degrees, the axial cross polarization ratio of the antenna is greater than 57dB, and the cross polarization ratio in the ± 60 ° range is greater than 50dB.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the vertical gain of the microstrip antenna based on the above specific example, and it can be seen that the vertical gain reaches 6.75dbi, and the 3db lobe width is 88.2 degrees.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a positioning system, which comprises a baseband processing unit, a radio frequency processing unit and an antenna, wherein the antenna is the microstrip antenna of any embodiment. The positioning system may be an AOA based positioning system.
It is to be noted that the foregoing is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles employed. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments illustrated herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in greater detail by the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include other equivalent embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A microstrip antenna, comprising:
the antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, and a radiation layer and a grounding layer which are respectively positioned on two sides of the dielectric substrate;
the radiating layer comprises at least two identical radiating elements and a feed element, the radiating elements are rectangular metal sheets with round hollowed parts in the middle, the at least two radiating elements are coupled and fed through the feed element, and each radiating element is connected with the adjacent radiating element through a short-circuit branch;
the grounding layer is a metal sheet covering one side of the medium substrate;
the feed unit is connected with a feed port of the microstrip antenna.
2. The microstrip antenna of claim 1, wherein the radiating element has a radiating current length designed based on one-half of the wavelength corresponding to the operating band of the microstrip antenna.
3. The microstrip antenna of claim 1 wherein the number of the radiating elements is an even number, and the at least two radiating elements are arranged in a rectangular pattern.
4. The microstrip antenna of claim 3, wherein there are four of the radiating elements, and four of the radiating elements are arranged in a square.
5. A microstrip antenna according to claim 1 wherein the feed element is located at the centre of the at least two identical radiating elements.
6. The microstrip antenna of claim 5 wherein the feed element is a rectangular metal plate centered on the at least two identical radiating elements.
7. A microstrip antenna according to claim 1 wherein the direction of the short-circuit stub is perpendicular to the direction of the feed element.
8. The microstrip antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the size of the metal sheet constituting the ground layer is equal to or less than one half of the wavelength corresponding to the operating band of the microstrip antenna.
9. A microstrip antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein an SMA connector is connected to the dielectric substrate on the side of the ground plane, an inner conductor of the SMA connector serving as the feed port is connected to the feed element through the dielectric substrate, and an outer conductor of the SMA connector is connected to the ground plane.
10. A positioning system, comprising a baseband processing unit, a radio frequency processing unit, and an antenna, wherein the antenna is the microstrip antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211575069.8A CN115810896A (en) | 2022-12-08 | 2022-12-08 | Microstrip antenna and positioning system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211575069.8A CN115810896A (en) | 2022-12-08 | 2022-12-08 | Microstrip antenna and positioning system |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN115810896A true CN115810896A (en) | 2023-03-17 |
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| CN202211575069.8A Pending CN115810896A (en) | 2022-12-08 | 2022-12-08 | Microstrip antenna and positioning system |
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| CN (1) | CN115810896A (en) |
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