CN115810494A - Silver-graphite copper-coated electrical contact material, manufacturing method and application thereof - Google Patents
Silver-graphite copper-coated electrical contact material, manufacturing method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115810494A CN115810494A CN202211694163.5A CN202211694163A CN115810494A CN 115810494 A CN115810494 A CN 115810494A CN 202211694163 A CN202211694163 A CN 202211694163A CN 115810494 A CN115810494 A CN 115810494A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of manufacturing processes of circuit breaker switch electric appliance parts, and discloses a silver-graphite copper-clad electrical contact material and a manufacturing method thereof. The invention is characterized in that silver powder, copper powder, graphite powder and a small amount of additive metal powder are used as raw materials, the graphite powder and the additive metal cobalt powder are uniformly mixed, silver alloy powder is obtained by a chemical process, and the AgC/Cu contact material with directional arrangement is obtained by cold press molding, sintering and repressing. The invention has the advantages of greatly reduced production cost, improved processing efficiency, uniform composite copper layer, high composite layer bonding strength, good welding performance and good working surface protection, and is suitable for large-scale application in the production of electric appliances such as large-capacity circuit breakers, miniature circuit breakers, micro switches and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of manufacturing processes of circuit breaker switch electric appliance components, and particularly relates to a silver-graphite copper-coated electrical contact material, a manufacturing method and application thereof.
Background
The core elements of relay, contactor and circuit breaker are electric contacts (points), which bear the heavy task of connecting and disconnecting current, and the quality of the contact elements depends on the performance and scientific and effective combination of the materials of the electric contacts (points), which is an important guarantee for the safety of electric appliances.
At present, the contact materials used in the largest amount in the market are silver alloy and copper alloy. The copper alloy contact material is partially applied to a circuit breaker and a high-voltage switch, although the copper alloy contact material is low in price, the copper alloy electrical contact is poor in oxidation resistance, the time from installation to commercial use is different, the electric appliance is long in shelf life, an oxidation film can be formed on the surface of the electrical contact when in use, in addition, when the electric appliance is disconnected in use, a large amount of heat can be released, the surface is heated and oxidized to generate the oxidation film, the contact resistance is increased, the electrical conductivity and the thermal conductivity are influenced, and the temperature rise of the electric appliance is increased; the increase of the switch temperature rise can accelerate the failure of all components in the switch and shorten the electric service life of the switch. Therefore, vicious circle occurs, which causes damage to the electric appliance due to overheating and causes safety accidents due to contact welding.
The existing silver alloy contact material is widely applied to relays, contactors and circuit breakers. Of these, silver tungsten and silver tungsten carbide graphite are typical materials used in circuit breakers.
In addition, a general miniature circuit breaker uses a contact material of silver cadmium oxide or silver graphite alloy (e.g., agC 4), or the like. However, the silver content of the contact material is very high, the silver content of the silver cadmium oxide contact material is over 85 percent, and the contact material is a mainstream product in the current contact material market, and the silver consumption is quite large every year. However, the silver resource is very limited nowadays, and with the increase of the usage amount, the price of the silver is inevitably increased, so that the cost for producing the electric contact material is high, the economic benefit of an enterprise is reduced, and the social benefit is greatly reduced. And the other metal element cadmium of the product has large environmental pollution and does not accord with the development trend of environmental protection at present. Therefore, electrical appliance manufacturers are calling for more and more reducing the product cost by replacing the precious metal silver with base metal in the alloy industry on the premise of ensuring the quality.
The invention is suitable for the mixed powder pressing process of AgC3, agC4, agC5 and the like. The multi-layer copper is a solder surface. The silver graphite copper compounding difficulty is high, the performance is improved unchanged in the extrusion process, and the cost can be reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a silver graphite copper-clad electrical contact material, a manufacturing method and application thereof, and aims to solve the problems of increasing the yield and reducing the production cost.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the silver graphite copper-clad electrical contact material comprises a working layer and a welding layer, wherein the working layer comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 95-97% of Ag powder, 2.8-5% of C powder and 0.1-0.2% of additive; the raw material for preparing the welding layer is copper powder.
Preferably, the additive is cobalt powder.
The invention also provides a manufacturing method of the silver graphite copper-clad electrical contact material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing powder, namely preparing Ag powder, C powder and cobalt powder, and mixing the materials in a double-motion powder mixer to form AgC mixed powder;
(2) Sintering and granulating, namely sintering the AgC mixed powder in a hydrogen protection furnace, cooling and taking out, and then respectively putting the AgC powder sintered into blocks into a granulator to prepare granules;
(3) Performing primary pressing, namely pressing and forming the particles prepared in the step (2) and the copper powder by using a composite laminated automatic pressing machine;
(4) Sintering, namely, putting the primary press-formed pressing blank into a graphite boat, putting the graphite boat into a sintering furnace for sintering, taking hydrogen as protective gas, and paying attention to the hydrogen flow at any time;
(5) And (4) re-pressing, namely performing compression molding by using a mold according to the shape of the product to obtain the silver-graphite copper-clad electrical contact material.
Preferably, the mixing in step (1) is 9 inches.
Preferably, the temperature for sintering the AgC4 powder in the hydrogen protection furnace in the step (2) is 450-650 +/-20 ℃, and the sintering time is 2 hours.
Preferably, the particle size of the particles of step (2) is 0.5mm.
Preferably, in the step (4), the primary pressing forming pressed blank is put into a graphite boat and is sintered in a sintering furnace, and the temperature is kept for 4 hours at the furnace temperature of 750-860 +/-10 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The specification range of the invention is as follows: the specification of 3x3x0.6 and phi 3x0.6 can be produced and applied to various electric appliances such as large-capacity circuit breakers, miniature circuit breakers and micro switches. The total content of AgC4/Ag in the original process is 96.8 percent, the yield is low by 35 percent, the silver is saved by 48.8 percent by using copper instead of solder, and the yield is about 82 percent, so the production cost is greatly reduced, in addition, the processing efficiency is improved, the composite copper layer is uniform, the bonding strength of the composite layer is high, the welding performance is good, the working surface is well protected, and the method is suitable for mass production.
(2) The invention can reduce the cost of customers, and uses compound copper as the welding surface, the working layer and the welding layer. The performance is verified through customer tests, and meanwhile, the arc extinguishing device has good electric wear resistance, good electric arc mobility on the surface of the arc extinguishing device and good arc extinguishing performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view-200X of the silver graphite copper coated electrical contact material of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view-200X of the silver graphite copper coated electrical contact material of example 1.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the embodiment of the invention, the silver graphite copper-clad electrical contact material comprises a working layer and a welding layer, wherein the working layer comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 95-97% of Ag powder, 2.8-5% of C powder and 0.1-0.2% of cobalt powder; the raw material for preparing the welding layer is copper powder.
The manufacturing method of the silver graphite copper-clad electrical contact material comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing powder, namely mixing the Ag powder, the C powder and the cobalt powder in a double-motion powder mixer for 9 inches to form AgC mixed powder;
(2) Sintering and granulating, namely sintering the AgC mixed powder in a hydrogen protection furnace at the furnace temperature of 550 +/-20 ℃ for 2 hours, cooling and taking out, and then respectively putting the AgC powder sintered into blocks into a granulator to prepare granules with the diameter of about 0.5 mm;
(3) Performing primary pressing, namely pressing and molding the particles prepared in the step (2) and the copper powder by using a compound automatic pressing machine;
(4) Sintering, namely, putting the primary pressing formed pressing blank into a graphite boat, putting the graphite boat into a sintering furnace for sintering, keeping the temperature for 4 hours at the furnace temperature of 750-860 +/-10 ℃, taking hydrogen as protective gas, and paying attention to the hydrogen flow at any time;
(5) And (4) re-pressing, namely performing compression molding by using a mold according to the shape of the product to obtain the silver-graphite copper-clad electrical contact material.
The following is a more specific example.
Example 1
The silver graphite copper-clad electrical contact material comprises a working layer and a welding layer, wherein the working layer comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 97% of Ag powder, 2.8% of C powder and 0.2% of cobalt powder; the raw material for preparing the welding layer is copper powder.
The manufacturing method of the silver graphite copper-clad electrical contact material comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing powder, namely mixing the Ag powder, the C powder and the cobalt powder in a double-motion powder mixer for 9 inches to form AgC3 mixed powder;
(2) Sintering and granulating, namely sintering the AgC3 mixed powder in a hydrogen protection furnace at the furnace temperature of 450-600 +/-20 ℃ for 2 hours, cooling and taking out, and then respectively putting the AgC powder sintered into blocks into a granulator to prepare granules with the diameter of about 0.5 mm;
(3) Performing primary pressing, namely pressing and molding the particles prepared in the step (2) and the copper powder by using a compound automatic pressing machine;
(4) Sintering, namely putting the primary pressure formed pressing blank into a graphite boat, putting the graphite boat into a sintering furnace for sintering, keeping the temperature for 4 hours at the furnace temperature of 750-860 +/-10 ℃, taking hydrogen as protective gas, and paying attention to the hydrogen flow at any time;
(5) And (4) re-pressing, namely performing compression molding by using a mold according to the shape of the product to obtain the silver-graphite copper-clad electrical contact material. The cross section-200X diagram and the longitudinal section-200X diagram of the material are respectively shown in figure 1 and figure 2.
Example 2
The silver graphite copper-clad electrical contact material comprises a working layer and a welding layer, wherein the working layer comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 96% of Ag powder, 3.8% of C powder and 0.2% of cobalt powder; the raw material for preparing the welding layer is copper powder.
The manufacturing method of the silver graphite copper-clad electrical contact material comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing the powders, namely mixing the Ag powder, the C powder and the cobalt powder into a double-motion powder mixer to mix the materials for 9 inches to form AgC4 mixed powder
(2) Sintering and granulating, namely sintering the AgC4 mixed powder in a hydrogen protection furnace at the furnace temperature of 550 +/-20 ℃ for 2 hours, cooling and taking out, and then respectively putting the AgC4 powder sintered into blocks into a granulator to prepare granules with the diameter of about 0.5 mm;
(3) Performing primary pressing, namely pressing and forming the particles prepared in the step (2) and the copper powder by using a composite automatic tablet press;
(4) Sintering, namely, putting the primary pressing formed pressing blank into a graphite boat, putting the graphite boat into a sintering furnace for sintering, keeping the temperature for 4 hours at the furnace temperature of 750-860 +/-10 ℃, taking hydrogen as protective gas, and paying attention to the hydrogen flow at any time;
(5) And (4) re-pressing, namely performing compression molding by using a mold according to the shape of the product to obtain the silver-graphite copper-clad electrical contact material.
Example 3
The silver graphite copper-clad electrical contact material comprises a working layer and a welding layer, wherein the working layer comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 95% of Ag powder, 4.8% of C powder and 0.2% of cobalt powder; the raw material for preparing the welding layer is copper powder.
The manufacturing method of the silver graphite copper-clad electrical contact material comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing powder, namely mixing the Ag powder, the C powder and the cobalt powder in a double-motion powder mixer for 9 inches to form AgC5 mixed powder;
(2) Sintering and granulating, namely sintering the AgC5 mixed powder in a hydrogen protective furnace at the furnace temperature of 550-650 +/-20 ℃ for 2 hours, cooling and taking out, and then respectively putting the AgC4 powder sintered into blocks into a granulator to prepare granules with the diameter of about 0.5 mm;
(3) Performing primary pressing, namely pressing and forming the particles prepared in the step (2) and the copper powder by using a composite laminated automatic pressing machine;
(4) Sintering, namely, putting the primary pressing formed pressing blank into a graphite boat, putting the graphite boat into a sintering furnace for sintering, keeping the temperature for 4 hours at the furnace temperature of 750-860 +/-10 ℃, taking hydrogen as protective gas, and paying attention to the hydrogen flow at any time;
(5) And (4) re-pressing, namely performing compression molding by using a mold according to the shape of the product to obtain the silver-graphite copper-clad electrical contact material.
The silver graphite composite copper electrical contact materials prepared in examples 1 to 3 were tested for density, resistivity and hardness, and each index of each example was tested 3 times, and the results are shown in the following table.
From the above table, it can be seen that: the silver-graphite copper-clad electrical contact material prepared by the method has excellent performance and is suitable for mass production.
The above description should not be taken as limiting the invention to the specific embodiments, but rather, as will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, numerous simplifications or substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which should be construed to fall within the scope of the invention as defined in the claims appended hereto.
Claims (8)
1. The silver graphite copper-clad electrical contact material is characterized by comprising a working layer and a welding layer, wherein the working layer comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 95-97% of Ag powder, 2.8-5% of C powder and 0.1-0.2% of additive; the raw material for preparing the welding layer is copper powder.
2. The silver graphite copper-clad electrical contact material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the additive is cobalt powder.
3. A method of manufacturing a silver graphite copper coated electrical contact material according to claim 2 or 3, comprising the steps of:
(1) Mixing powder, namely mixing Ag powder, C powder and an additive in a double-motion powder mixer to form AgC mixed powder;
(2) Sintering and granulating, namely sintering the AgC mixed powder in a hydrogen protection furnace, cooling and taking out, and then respectively putting the AgC powder sintered into blocks into a granulator to prepare granules;
(3) Performing primary pressing, namely pressing and forming the particles prepared in the step (2) and the copper powder by using a composite laminated automatic pressing machine;
(4) Sintering, namely, putting the primary press-formed pressing blank into a graphite boat, putting the graphite boat into a sintering furnace for sintering, taking hydrogen as protective gas, and paying attention to the hydrogen flow at any time;
(5) And (4) re-pressing, namely performing compression molding by using a mold according to the shape of the product to obtain the silver-graphite copper-clad electrical contact material.
4. The method for manufacturing the silver graphite composite copper electrical contact material according to claim 3, wherein the mixture in the step (1) is 9 inches.
5. The method for manufacturing the silver-graphite copper-clad electrical contact material according to claim 3, wherein the temperature for sintering the AgC mixed powder in the hydrogen protection furnace in the step (2) is 450-650 +/-20 ℃, and the sintering time is 2 hours.
6. The method for manufacturing the silver graphite copper-clad electrical contact material according to claim 3, wherein the particle size of the particles in the step (2) is 0.5mm.
7. The method for manufacturing silver-graphite copper-clad electrical contact material according to claim 3, wherein in the step (4), the green compact formed by preliminary pressing is placed in a graphite boat, sintered in a sintering furnace, and kept at a furnace temperature of 750 to 860 ± 10 ℃ for 4 hours.
8. Use of the silver graphite copper coated electrical contact material manufactured according to the method of any one of claims 3 to 7 in electrical appliances including large capacity circuit breakers, miniature circuit breakers, microswitches.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211694163.5A CN115810494A (en) | 2022-12-28 | 2022-12-28 | Silver-graphite copper-coated electrical contact material, manufacturing method and application thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202211694163.5A CN115810494A (en) | 2022-12-28 | 2022-12-28 | Silver-graphite copper-coated electrical contact material, manufacturing method and application thereof |
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