CN111463046B - Silver zinc oxide sheet-shaped electrical contact and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Silver zinc oxide sheet-shaped electrical contact and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111463046B CN111463046B CN202010153807.4A CN202010153807A CN111463046B CN 111463046 B CN111463046 B CN 111463046B CN 202010153807 A CN202010153807 A CN 202010153807A CN 111463046 B CN111463046 B CN 111463046B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
- H01H11/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts
- H01H11/048—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts by powder-metallurgical processes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
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Abstract
The invention discloses a silver zinc oxide sheet-shaped electric contact and a preparation method thereof, wherein the silver zinc oxide sheet-shaped electric contact consists of a working layer and a welding layer, silver zinc oxide powder and welding layer material powder are pressed into a composite ingot blank of a welding layer material wrapping the silver zinc oxide material, then the composite ingot blank is sintered, re-pressed and reversely extruded to form a composite strip of the silver zinc oxide/the welding material, finally the composite ingot blank is processed into the silver zinc oxide sheet-shaped electric contact with a welding flux layer through rolling, punching and surface treatment, and extra welding flux does not need to be placed in the welding process. Compared with the traditional silver zinc oxide sheet-shaped electric contact with a pure silver layer as a welding surface, the welding efficiency and the welding quality can be improved, and the reliability of the bonding strength between the working layer and the welding layer is higher.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of electrical contact materials, and particularly relates to a silver zinc oxide sheet-shaped electrical contact and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The silver zinc oxide electrical contact material is used as an environment-friendly contact material, has excellent burning resistance and breaking capacity and low contact resistance, and is mainly applied to the fields of disconnecting switches, transfer switches, molded case circuit breakers, frame circuit breakers, leakage protection circuit breakers and the like. When the silver zinc oxide material is applied to the fields, the silver zinc oxide material is generally processed into a sheet contact form and is assembled after being welded with a copper contact bridge. When the silver zinc oxide sheet-shaped electric contact is welded with the copper contact bridge, besides a welding silver layer, solder or soldering paste needs to be additionally added, the welding process is complex, and the consistency of the welding strength and the welding area is poor.
Because the wettability between the silver zinc oxide material and the solder and the copper contact bridge is poor, a pure silver layer needs to be compounded on the welding surface to be used as a welding silver layer in the contact processing process, so that the welding strength and the welding area between the contact and the contact bridge are improved. The composite process is usually a die pressing composite silver process or a hot rolling composite silver process, which is described in detail in patents ZL201110320191.6, ZL201010274287.9 and the like. On one hand, when the silver zinc oxide sheet-shaped electric contact is welded with the copper contact bridge, besides a welding silver layer, welding flux or welding paste needs to be additionally added, the welding process is complex, and the consistency of the welding strength and the welding area is poor; in the other aspect, the hot rolling silver coating process is characterized in that two layers of different materials are compounded in a solid phase diffusion mode, the compounding parameters, the deformation, the cleanness degree of a compounding interface of the two different materials (silver zinc oxide and pure silver) and the like influence the compounding strength, the control precision requirement on the preparation process is high, and once defects occur, the risks that a contact falls off from the compounding interface can occur in the electrical contact process. The die pressing silver coating process adopts powder of two materials to be pressed and formed together, so that the risk of cross contamination of the powder exists, in addition, the deformation amount in the die pressing-sintering forming process is small, the density of the material is low, the burning loss resistance is poor, and the process is gradually replaced by an extrusion-hot rolling silver coating-punching process.
In order to solve the problems, patent ZL201910786069.4 proposes a single-sided internal silver oxide tin oxide indium oxide electrical contact material and a preparation method thereof, and a contact material with solder is prepared, wherein the solder layer is made of AgSn or AgZn, and the processing process of the contact material applied to silver zinc oxide flaky electrical contact materials can be used for reference. The compounding mode between the welding layer and the working layer is rolling compounding, a compact oxide layer can be formed on the AgSn layer or the AgZn layer after internal oxidation, and the compact oxide layer needs to be removed in a polishing and grinding mode. The preparation method can solve the problems of welding performance, but cannot solve the problem of consistency of composite strength. Therefore, the processing mode has the following defects: the first problem is that the hot rolling compounding process of two layers of different materials is compounded in a solid phase diffusion mode, the compounding parameters, the deformation, the cleanness degree of a compounding interface of the two different materials (AgSnIn, AgSn or AgZn) and the like can influence the compounding strength, the control precision requirement on the preparation process is very high, and once the defects are generated, the risk that a contact point falls off from the compounding interface can be generated in the electric contact process. The second problem is that the manufacturing method needs to add a polishing and grinding process after contact material oxidation besides the preparation process of AgSn and AgZn used as the welding layer, and the production process is complex and the manufacturing cost is high.
Therefore, how to improve the welding performance of the silver zinc oxide flaky electric contact material and the reliability of the composite strength between the welding layer and the working layer of the silver zinc oxide flaky electric contact material has important practical application value for improving the consistency and stability of the electric performance of the silver zinc oxide flaky electric contact material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the existing preparation process, provides a preparation method of a silver zinc oxide sheet-shaped electrical contact material with a welding layer with good welding performance, and simultaneously improves the reliability of the bonding strength between a working layer and the welding layer.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is a preparation method of a silver zinc oxide sheet-shaped electric contact, which comprises the following steps: wherein the steps (1) and (2) are not in sequence:
(1) preparing working layer powder: preparing silver zinc oxide powder by adopting a powder metallurgy process or a pre-oxidation process;
(2) preparing welding layer powder: preparing silver alloy powder from the silver ingot and the second-phase metal by adopting high-pressure water atomization equipment, and drying and screening to form welding layer powder;
(3) preparing an ingot blank: preparing a rubber sleeve and a metal partition plate, placing the cylindrical metal partition plate in the rubber sleeve, superposing the rubber sleeve and the metal partition plate on the central line, filling the powder of a working layer into the space of the metal partition plate, filling the powder of a welding layer into the space between the rubber sleeve and the metal partition plate, drawing out the metal partition plate, and pressing an ingot by adopting a cold isostatic pressing device to obtain a cylindrical coating ingot blank with the center of silver zinc oxide and the periphery of the welding layer material, wherein the thickness of the welding layer material in the coating ingot blank is 3-5% of the diameter of the whole coating ingot blank;
(4) Sintering the coated ingot blank under the atmosphere protection condition, wherein the sintering temperature is 750-850 ℃, and the sintering time is 3-6 h, so as to obtain a sintered silver zinc oxide/welding layer material coated ingot blank;
(5) re-pressing and shaping the sintered coated ingot blank to obtain a silver zinc oxide/welding layer material coated ingot blank with a regular shape;
(6) heating the silver zinc oxide/welding layer material coated ingot blank with a regular shape under the protection of inert atmosphere at the heating temperature of 700-800 ℃ for 2-4 h, and then preparing two silver zinc oxide/welding layer material composite strips by adopting backward extrusion equipment;
(7) the silver zinc oxide/welding layer material composite strip is processed into the silver zinc oxide sheet-shaped contact with the solder layer through rolling, punching and surface treatment.
The silver zinc oxide sheet-shaped electrical contact further comprises the following components in percentage by mass: zinc oxide is more than or equal to 8 percent and less than or equal to 15 percent, additive is more than or equal to 0 percent and less than or equal to 2 percent, and the balance is silver; wherein the additive is one or more of nickel oxide, tin oxide, bismuth oxide, copper oxide, magnesium oxide and aluminum oxide.
Further setting that the second phase metal in the step (2) is one of copper, zinc and tin; the content range of the second phase metal in the welding layer powder is as follows in percentage by mass: copper is more than or equal to 10% and less than or equal to 17%, zinc is more than or equal to 10% and less than or equal to 20%, and tin is more than or equal to 8% and less than or equal to 17%.
The method is further provided that the thickness of the welding layer material in the silver zinc oxide/welding layer material composite strip obtained by backward extrusion is 10% -20% of the total thickness of the composite strip.
In addition, the invention also provides the silver zinc oxide sheet-shaped electrical contact prepared by the preparation method.
The innovative principle of the invention is as follows:
the silver graphite contact material and the silver-copper alloy layer are compounded by adopting a backward extrusion process, a composite interface is ensured not to be polluted, and more reliable bonding strength is obtained, the silver graphite/silver-copper alloy composite strip is processed into a shape with three surfaces wrapping the silver-copper alloy, the processing performance of the silver graphite contact material is improved by utilizing the excellent plasticity of the silver-copper alloy, the silver graphite contact material is ensured not to crack in the processing processes of hot rolling, longitudinal shearing, profile rolling and the like after backward extrusion, and the requirement of batch production is met.
According to the scheme of the invention, a silver-copper alloy (or a silver-tin alloy or a silver-zinc alloy) is adopted as a welding layer material, according to a silver-copper binary alloy phase diagram (or a silver-tin binary alloy phase diagram or a silver-zinc binary alloy phase diagram), the melting point of the silver alloy in the range of AgCu 10-AgCu 17 (or AgZn 10-AgZn 20 or AgSn 8-AgSn 17) is about 830-900 ℃, in the brazing process of the prepared silver-zinc oxide/welding layer material composite sheet-shaped electric contact and the contact bridge, the silver-copper alloy layer is used as a solder, no extra solder or solder paste is needed to be placed, the welding temperature is controlled to be 850-920 ℃, the melting point of the welding layer material is higher than the melting point of the welding layer material but lower than the melting point of silver, and part of the welding layer material is directly melted, so that firm metallurgical bonding is formed between the contact and the contact bridge.
In the preparation process, a powder metallurgy processing technology is adopted, the working layer material and the welding layer material are both processed into powder state and pressed into a composite ingot blank, a back extrusion process is adopted to realize the compounding between the silver zinc oxide contact material and the welding layer material, the pollution of a compounding interface is ensured, more reliable bonding strength is obtained, the silver zinc oxide/welding layer material composite strip is processed into a shape with three surfaces wrapping the welding layer material, the processing performance of the silver zinc oxide electrical contact material is improved by utilizing the excellent plasticity of the welding layer material, the cracking of the material edge is ensured in the processing processes of rolling, punching and the like after back extrusion, and the requirement of batch production is met.
Compared with the known preparation process, the preparation method has the following advantages and positive effects:
1. the reliability of the bonding strength between the silver zinc oxide sheet-shaped electric contact working layer and the welding layer is improved. In the conventional contact production process, after two layers of materials of the working layer and the welding layer are processed, a rolling composite process or an extrusion composite process is adopted for compounding, in the semi-finished product processing process, foreign matters such as oil and impurities which affect the bonding strength are easy to adhere to a composite interface, and need to be removed through annealing, cleaning and other processes, and the problems cannot be fundamentally avoided. According to the invention, the coating ingot blank is prepared by adopting the silver zinc oxide powder and the welding layer material powder, so that the working layer and the welding layer are tightly combined in the extrusion process, the possibility of pores existing in a composite interface is eliminated, the possibility of impurities brought in the processing process of the composite interface is also eliminated, and the cleanness and the tightness between the working layer and the welding layer are ensured; during backward extrusion compounding, the working layer and the welding layer are both in the form of powder and sintered bodies, so that the contact area is larger, and after extrusion molding processing at high temperature and large deformation, a wider diffusion layer is arranged between the working layer and the welding layer, so that the prepared composite material has higher bonding strength, and the defect that the bonding strength of a local area between a silver zinc oxide layer and a welding silver layer is relatively low in the prior art is overcome.
2. Solder or soldering paste does not need to be additionally placed, and the welding efficiency and the welding quality are improved. In the traditional silver-zinc oxide sheet-shaped electrical contact taking a pure silver material as a silver welding silver layer, solder or soldering paste needs to be additionally placed in the welding process, the welding efficiency is low, and more factors influencing the welding strength exist. The invention adopts a silver-copper (or silver-tin or silver-zinc) alloy layer to replace a silver layer for welding, the silver-copper (or silver-tin or silver-zinc) alloy layer has a melting point lower than that of silver, the silver-copper (or silver-tin or silver-zinc) alloy can form stable metallurgical bonding with a copper contact bridge in the welding process, and meanwhile, because the welding mode of directly melting a contact local welding layer is adopted, the influence of contact flatness on the welding quality is eliminated, and more reliable welding quality can be obtained.
3. The material has excellent processing performance and high utilization rate. Compared with the conventional rolling silver-coated production process, the side surface and the bottom surface of the silver zinc oxide strip prepared by the invention are wrapped with the welding layer material alloy layer, the plasticity of the welding layer material alloy layer is superior to that of the silver zinc oxide layer, the edge of the strip material in the rolling process cannot crack, and the material utilization rate is improved. Compared with the traditional sheath backward extrusion silver coating production process, the backward extrusion spindle prepared by the invention has the advantages that the silver zinc oxide layer and the welding layer material are of an integral structure, the integral structure is formed in the isostatic pressing and sintering processes, the phenomena of silver sheath breakage, silver sheath dislocation and the like can not be generated in the extrusion process, the traditional sheath backward extrusion silver coating spindle has two layers between the silver zinc oxide layer and the silver layer before extrusion, the two layers are combined together by generating atomic diffusion through high temperature and large deformation in the extrusion process, air is easily remained in an untight area in the extrusion deformation process, and the silver layer of an extrusion strip is easily foamed; because the friction force of the silver sleeve and the inner lining of the extrusion container and the friction force of the silver sleeve and the surface of the silver zinc oxide spindle are different, the phenomena of silver sleeve breakage and silver sleeve dislocation are easy to occur, so that the extrusion plate has the defects that a silver layer is mixed with zinc oxide or a silver zinc oxide layer is mixed with pure silver, and the like, and the material utilization rate is influenced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is within the scope of the present invention for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an assembly structure of a rubber sleeve and a metal partition plate in an isostatic pressing process according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of an ingot blank coated with a silver zinc oxide/welding layer material in an isostatic pressing process according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a strip after back extrusion of a silver zinc oxide/solder layer material in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The first embodiment is as follows:
a) melting 23.375kg of silver and 1.625kg of zinc in a graphite crucible of a medium-frequency smelting furnace to form silver-zinc alloy melt, and preparing silver-zinc alloy powder by adopting high-pressure water atomization equipment; drying, sieving and oxidizing the silver-zinc alloy powder to prepare silver-zinc oxide (8) powder;
b) Melting 22.5kg of silver and 2.5kg of copper in a graphite crucible of a medium-frequency smelting furnace to form silver-copper alloy melt, and preparing silver-copper alloy powder by adopting high-pressure water atomization equipment; drying and sieving the silver-copper alloy powder to prepare silver-copper (10) alloy powder;
c) preparing a rubber sleeve and a metal partition plate, placing the cylindrical metal partition plate inside the rubber sleeve, enabling the rubber sleeve to coincide with the central line of the metal partition plate, filling silver zinc oxide (8) powder into the space of the metal partition plate, filling silver copper (10) alloy powder into the space between the rubber sleeve and the metal partition plate, drawing out the metal partition plate, pressing ingots by adopting cold isostatic pressing equipment to obtain a cylindrical coating ingot blank with the silver zinc oxide (8) at the center and the silver copper (10) alloy at the periphery, wherein the thickness of the silver copper (10) alloy layer powder in the coating ingot blank is 5 percent of the diameter of the whole coating ingot blank;
d) sintering the coated ingot blank under the protection of nitrogen at 850 ℃ for 3h to obtain a sintered silver zinc oxide (8)/silver copper (10) coated ingot blank;
e) re-pressing and shaping the sintered silver zinc oxide (8)/silver copper (10) coated ingot blank in a 500T four-column hydraulic press to obtain a silver zinc oxide (8)/silver copper (10) coated ingot blank with a regular shape;
f) heating the silver zinc oxide (8)/silver copper (10) coated ingot blank with a regular shape under the protection of nitrogen at the temperature of 700 ℃ for 4h, and preparing two silver zinc oxide (8)/silver copper (10) composite strips by adopting backward extrusion equipment;
g) The silver zinc oxide (8)/silver copper (10) composite strip is processed into the silver zinc oxide (8) sheet-shaped electric contact with the silver copper (10) solder layer through rolling, punching and surface treatment, wherein the thickness of the silver copper (10) material is 10-20% of the total thickness of the silver zinc oxide (8) sheet-shaped electric contact.
The second embodiment:
a) melting 21.5kg of silver, 3kg of zinc and 0.5kg of additives in a graphite crucible of a medium-frequency smelting furnace to form silver-zinc alloy melt, and preparing silver-zinc alloy powder by adopting high-pressure water atomization equipment; drying, sieving and oxidizing the silver-zinc alloy powder to prepare silver-zinc oxide (15) powder;
b) melting 20.75kg of silver and 4.25kg of copper in a graphite crucible of a medium-frequency smelting furnace to form silver-copper alloy melt, and preparing silver-copper alloy powder by adopting high-pressure water atomization equipment; drying and sieving the silver-copper alloy powder to prepare silver-copper (17) alloy powder;
c) preparing a rubber sleeve and a metal partition plate, placing the cylindrical metal partition plate in the rubber sleeve, enabling the rubber sleeve to coincide with the central line of the metal partition plate, filling silver zinc oxide (15) powder into the space of the metal partition plate, filling silver copper (17) alloy powder into the space between the rubber sleeve and the metal partition plate, drawing out the metal partition plate, and pressing an ingot by adopting a cold isostatic pressing device to obtain a cylindrical coating ingot blank with the silver zinc oxide (15) at the center and the silver copper (17) alloy at the periphery, wherein the thickness of the powder of a silver copper (17) alloy layer in the coating ingot blank is 3% of the diameter of the whole coating ingot blank;
d) Sintering the coated ingot blank under the protection of argon, wherein the sintering temperature is 750 ℃, and the sintering time is 6h, so as to obtain a sintered silver zinc oxide (15)/silver copper (17) coated ingot blank;
e) re-pressing and shaping the sintered silver zinc oxide (15)/silver copper (17) coated ingot blank in a 500T four-column hydraulic press to obtain a silver zinc oxide (15)/silver copper (17) coated ingot blank with a regular shape;
f) heating the silver zinc oxide (15)/silver copper (17) coated ingot blank with a regular shape under the protection of argon at the temperature of 800 ℃ for 2h, and preparing two silver zinc oxide (15)/silver copper (17) composite strips by adopting backward extrusion equipment;
g) the silver zinc oxide (15)/silver copper (17) composite strip is processed into the silver zinc oxide (15) sheet-shaped electric contact with the silver copper (17) solder layer through rolling, punching and surface treatment. Wherein the thickness of the silver-copper (17) material is 10-20% of the total thickness of the silver-zinc oxide (15) sheet-shaped electrical contact.
Example three:
a) mixing 26.8kg of silver powder, 3kg of zinc oxide powder and 0.2kg of additive powder in a plough shovel type powder mixer for 4 hours, wherein the silver powder is-200 meshes, the average particle size of the zinc oxide powder is 1.5 mu m, and the average particle size of the additive powder is 2 mu m to prepare silver zinc oxide (10) powder;
b) melting 22.5kg of silver and 2.5kg of zinc in a graphite crucible of a medium-frequency smelting furnace to form silver-zinc alloy melt, and preparing silver-zinc alloy powder by adopting high-pressure water atomization equipment; drying and sieving the silver-zinc alloy powder to prepare silver-zinc (10) alloy powder;
c) Preparing a rubber sleeve and a metal partition plate, placing the cylindrical metal partition plate inside the rubber sleeve, enabling the rubber sleeve to coincide with the central line of the metal partition plate, filling silver zinc oxide (10) powder into the space of the metal partition plate, filling silver zinc (10) alloy powder into the space between the rubber sleeve and the metal partition plate, drawing out the metal partition plate, and pressing an ingot by adopting a cold isostatic pressing device to obtain a cylindrical coating ingot blank with the silver zinc oxide (10) at the center and the silver zinc (10) alloy at the periphery, wherein the thickness of the powder of a silver zinc (10) alloy layer in the coating ingot blank is 4% of the diameter of the whole coating ingot blank;
d) sintering the coated ingot blank under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the sintering temperature is 800 ℃, and the sintering time is 4h, so as to obtain a sintered silver zinc oxide (10)/silver zinc (10) coated ingot blank;
e) re-pressing and shaping the sintered silver zinc oxide (10)/silver zinc (10) coated ingot blank in a 500T four-column hydraulic press to obtain a silver zinc oxide (10)/silver zinc (10) coated ingot blank with a regular shape;
f) heating the silver zinc oxide (10)/silver zinc (10) coated ingot blank with a regular shape under the protection of nitrogen at the heating temperature of 750 ℃ for 3h, and then preparing two silver zinc oxide (10)/silver zinc (10) composite strips by adopting backward extrusion equipment;
g) the silver zinc oxide (10)/silver zinc (10) composite strip is processed into the silver zinc oxide (10) sheet-shaped electric contact with the silver zinc (10) solder layer through rolling, punching and surface treatment. Wherein the thickness of the silver zinc (10) material is 10-20% of the total thickness of the silver zinc oxide (10) sheet-shaped electrical contact.
Example four:
a) mixing 25.9kg of silver powder, 3.6kg of zinc oxide powder and 0.5kg of additive powder in a plough shovel type powder mixer for 6 hours, wherein the silver powder is-200 meshes, the average particle size of the zinc oxide powder is 1.0 mu m, and the average particle size of the additive powder is 1.5 mu m, so as to prepare silver zinc oxide (12) powder;
b) melting 20kg of silver and 5kg of zinc in a graphite crucible of a medium-frequency smelting furnace to form silver-zinc alloy melt, and preparing silver-zinc alloy powder by adopting high-pressure water atomization equipment; drying and sieving the silver-zinc alloy powder to prepare silver-zinc (20) alloy powder;
c) preparing a rubber sleeve and a metal partition plate, placing the cylindrical metal partition plate in the rubber sleeve, enabling the rubber sleeve to coincide with the central line of the metal partition plate, filling silver zinc oxide (12) powder into the space of the metal partition plate, filling silver zinc (20) alloy powder into the space between the rubber sleeve and the metal partition plate, drawing out the metal partition plate, and pressing an ingot by adopting a cold isostatic pressing device to obtain a cylindrical coating ingot blank with the silver zinc oxide (12) at the center and the silver zinc (20) alloy at the periphery, wherein the thickness of the powder of a silver zinc (20) alloy layer in the coating ingot blank is 4% of the diameter of the whole coating ingot blank;
d) sintering the coated ingot blank under the protection of argon, wherein the sintering temperature is 780 ℃, and the sintering time is 5h, so as to obtain a sintered silver zinc oxide (12)/silver zinc (20) coated ingot blank;
e) Re-pressing and shaping the sintered silver zinc oxide (12)/silver zinc (20) coated ingot blank in a 500T four-column hydraulic press to obtain a silver zinc oxide (12)/silver zinc (20) coated ingot blank with a regular shape;
f) heating the silver zinc oxide (12)/silver zinc (20) coated ingot blank with a regular shape under the protection of argon at the heating temperature of 720 ℃ for 4h, and then preparing two silver zinc oxide (12)/silver zinc (20) composite strips by adopting backward extrusion equipment;
g) the silver zinc oxide (12)/silver zinc (20) composite strip is processed into the silver zinc oxide (12) sheet-shaped electric contact with the silver zinc (20) solder layer through rolling, punching and surface treatment, wherein the thickness of the silver zinc (20) material is 10-20% of the total thickness of the silver zinc oxide (12) sheet-shaped electric contact.
Example five:
a) melting 21.75kg of silver, 3kg of zinc and 0.25kg of additives in a graphite crucible of a medium-frequency smelting furnace to form silver-zinc alloy melt, and preparing silver-zinc alloy powder by adopting high-pressure water atomization equipment; drying, sieving and oxidizing the silver-zinc alloy powder to prepare silver-zinc oxide (15) powder;
b) melting 20.75kg of silver and 4.25kg of tin in a graphite crucible of a medium-frequency smelting furnace to form silver-tin alloy melt, and preparing silver-tin alloy powder by adopting high-pressure water atomization equipment; drying and sieving the silver-copper alloy powder to prepare silver-tin (17) alloy powder;
c) Preparing a rubber sleeve and a metal partition plate, placing the cylindrical metal partition plate inside the rubber sleeve, enabling the rubber sleeve to coincide with the central line of the metal partition plate, filling silver zinc oxide (15) powder into the space of the metal partition plate, filling silver tin (17) alloy powder into the space between the rubber sleeve and the metal partition plate, drawing out the metal partition plate, pressing ingots by adopting cold isostatic pressing equipment to obtain a cylindrical coating ingot blank with the silver zinc oxide (15) at the center and the silver tin (17) alloy at the periphery, wherein the thickness of the silver tin (17) alloy layer powder in the coating ingot blank is 3% of the diameter of the whole coating ingot blank;
d) sintering the coated ingot blank under the protection of argon, wherein the sintering temperature is 750 ℃, and the sintering time is 4.5h, so as to obtain a sintered silver zinc oxide (15)/silver tin (17) coated ingot blank;
e) re-pressing and shaping the sintered silver zinc oxide (15)/silver tin (17) coated ingot blank in a 500T four-column hydraulic press to obtain a silver zinc oxide (15)/silver tin (17) coated ingot blank with a regular shape;
f) heating the silver zinc oxide (15)/silver tin (17) coated ingot blank with a regular shape under the protection of nitrogen at the temperature of 760 ℃ for 3h, and preparing two silver zinc oxide (15)/silver tin (17) composite strips by adopting backward extrusion equipment;
g) the silver zinc oxide (15)/silver tin (17) composite strip is processed into the silver zinc oxide (15) sheet-shaped electrical contact with the silver tin (17) solder layer through rolling, punching and surface treatment. Wherein the thickness of the silver tin (17) material is 10-20% of the total thickness of the silver zinc oxide (15) sheet-shaped electric contact.
Example six:
a) mixing 26.3kg of silver powder, 3.6kg of zinc oxide powder and 0.1kg of additive powder in a plough shovel type powder mixer for 4 hours, wherein the silver powder is-350 meshes, the average particle size of the zinc oxide powder is 1.2 mu m, and the average particle size of the additive powder is 1.0 mu m, so as to prepare silver zinc oxide (12) powder;
b) melting 23kg of silver and 2kg of tin in a graphite crucible of a medium-frequency smelting furnace to form silver-tin alloy melt, and preparing silver-tin alloy powder by adopting high-pressure water atomization equipment; drying and sieving the silver-tin alloy powder to prepare silver-tin (8) alloy powder;
c) preparing a rubber sleeve and a metal partition plate, placing the cylindrical metal partition plate in the rubber sleeve, enabling the rubber sleeve to coincide with the central line of the metal partition plate, filling silver zinc oxide (12) powder into the space of the metal partition plate, filling silver tin (8) alloy powder into the space between the rubber sleeve and the metal partition plate, drawing out the metal partition plate, and pressing an ingot by adopting a cold isostatic pressing device to obtain a cylindrical coating ingot blank with the silver zinc oxide (12) at the center and the silver tin (8) alloy at the periphery, wherein the thickness of the powder of a silver tin (8) alloy layer in the coating ingot blank is 3% of the diameter of the whole coating ingot blank;
d) sintering the coated ingot blank under the protection of argon, wherein the sintering temperature is 850 ℃, and the sintering time is 3h, so as to obtain a sintered silver zinc oxide (12)/silver tin (8) coated ingot blank;
e) Re-pressing and shaping the sintered silver zinc oxide (12)/silver tin (8) coated ingot blank in a 500T four-column hydraulic press to obtain a silver zinc oxide (12)/silver tin (8) coated ingot blank with a regular shape;
f) heating the silver zinc oxide (12)/silver tin (8) coated ingot blank with a regular shape under the protection of argon at the temperature of 760 ℃ for 3h, and then preparing into two silver zinc oxide (12)/silver tin (8) composite strips by adopting backward extrusion equipment;
g) the silver zinc oxide (12)/silver tin (8) composite strip is processed into the silver zinc oxide (12) sheet-shaped electrical contact with the silver tin (8) solder layer through rolling, punching and surface treatment, wherein the thickness of the silver tin (8) material is 10% -20% of the total thickness of the silver zinc oxide (12) sheet-shaped electrical contact.
Example seven:
a) melting 23.375kg of silver and 1.625kg of zinc in a graphite crucible of a medium-frequency smelting furnace to form silver-zinc alloy melt, and preparing silver-zinc alloy powder by adopting high-pressure water atomization equipment; drying, sieving and oxidizing the silver-zinc alloy powder to prepare silver-zinc oxide (8) powder;
b) melting 21.25kg of silver and 3.75kg of copper in a graphite crucible of a medium-frequency smelting furnace to form silver-copper alloy melt, and preparing silver-copper alloy powder by adopting high-pressure water atomization equipment; drying and sieving the silver-copper alloy powder to prepare silver-copper (15) alloy powder;
c) Preparing a rubber sleeve and a metal partition plate, placing the cylindrical metal partition plate inside the rubber sleeve, enabling the rubber sleeve to coincide with the central line of the metal partition plate, filling silver-zinc oxide (8) powder into the space of the metal partition plate, filling silver-copper (15) alloy powder into the space between the rubber sleeve and the metal partition plate, drawing out the metal partition plate, pressing ingots by adopting cold isostatic pressing equipment to obtain a cylindrical coating ingot blank with the silver-zinc oxide (8) at the center and the silver-copper (15) alloy at the periphery, wherein the thickness of the silver-copper (15) alloy layer powder in the coating ingot blank is 5 percent of the diameter of the whole coating ingot blank;
d) sintering the coated ingot blank under the protection of nitrogen at the sintering temperature of 800 ℃ for 4h to obtain a sintered silver zinc oxide (8)/silver copper (15) coated ingot blank;
e) re-pressing and shaping the sintered silver zinc oxide (8)/silver copper (15) coated ingot blank in a 500T four-column hydraulic press to obtain a silver zinc oxide (8)/silver copper (15) coated ingot blank with a regular shape;
f) heating the silver zinc oxide (8)/silver copper (15) coated ingot blank with a regular shape under the protection of nitrogen at the heating temperature of 750 ℃ for 3 hours, and then preparing into two silver zinc oxide (8)/silver copper (15) composite strips by adopting backward extrusion equipment;
g) the silver zinc oxide (8)/silver copper (15) composite strip is processed into the silver zinc oxide (8) sheet-shaped electric contact with the silver copper (15) solder layer through rolling, punching and surface treatment, wherein the thickness of the silver copper (15) material is 10% -20% of the total thickness of the silver zinc oxide (8) sheet-shaped electric contact.
Example eight:
a) mixing 25.9kg of silver powder, 3.6kg of zinc oxide powder and 0.5kg of additive powder in a plough shovel type powder mixer for 6 hours, wherein the silver powder is-200 meshes, the average particle size of the zinc oxide powder is 1.0 mu m, and the average particle size of the additive powder is 1.5 mu m, and preparing silver zinc oxide (12) powder;
b) melting 21.25kg of silver and 3.75kg of zinc in a graphite crucible of a medium-frequency smelting furnace to form silver-zinc alloy melt, and preparing silver-zinc alloy powder by adopting high-pressure water atomization equipment; drying and sieving the silver-zinc alloy powder to prepare silver-zinc (15) alloy powder;
c) preparing a rubber sleeve and a metal partition plate, placing the cylindrical metal partition plate in the rubber sleeve, enabling the rubber sleeve to coincide with the central line of the metal partition plate, filling silver zinc oxide (12) powder into the space of the metal partition plate, filling silver zinc (15) alloy powder into the space between the rubber sleeve and the metal partition plate, drawing out the metal partition plate, and pressing an ingot by adopting a cold isostatic pressing device to obtain a cylindrical coating ingot blank with the silver zinc oxide (12) at the center and the silver zinc (15) alloy at the periphery, wherein the thickness of the powder of a silver zinc (15) alloy layer in the coating ingot blank is 4% of the diameter of the whole coating ingot blank;
d) sintering the coated ingot blank under the protection of argon at the sintering temperature of 750 ℃ for 5h to obtain a sintered silver zinc oxide (12)/silver zinc (15) coated ingot blank;
e) Re-pressing and shaping the sintered silver zinc oxide (12)/silver zinc (15) coated ingot blank in a 500T four-column hydraulic press to obtain a silver zinc oxide (12)/silver zinc (15) coated ingot blank with a regular shape;
f) heating the silver zinc oxide (12)/silver zinc (15) coated ingot blank with a regular shape under the protection of argon at the temperature of 760 ℃ for 3h, and preparing two silver zinc oxide (12)/silver zinc (15) composite strips by adopting backward extrusion equipment;
g) the silver zinc oxide (12)/silver zinc (15) composite strip is processed into the silver zinc oxide (12) sheet-shaped electric contact with the silver zinc (15) solder layer through rolling, punching and surface treatment, wherein the thickness of the silver zinc (15) material is 10-20% of the total thickness of the silver zinc oxide (12) sheet-shaped electric contact.
Example nine:
a) melting 22kg of silver and 3kg of zinc in a graphite crucible of a medium-frequency smelting furnace to form silver-zinc alloy melt, and preparing silver-zinc alloy powder by adopting high-pressure water atomization equipment; drying, sieving and oxidizing the silver-zinc alloy powder to prepare silver-zinc oxide (15) powder;
b) melting 21.875kg of silver and 3.125kg of tin in a graphite crucible of a medium-frequency smelting furnace to form silver-tin alloy melt, and preparing silver-tin alloy powder by adopting high-pressure water atomization equipment; drying and sieving the silver-copper alloy powder to prepare silver-tin (12.5) alloy powder;
c) Preparing a rubber sleeve and a metal partition plate, placing a cylindrical metal partition plate in the rubber sleeve, enabling the rubber sleeve to coincide with the central line of the metal partition plate, filling silver zinc oxide (15) powder into the space of the metal partition plate, filling silver tin (12.5) alloy powder into the space between the rubber sleeve and the metal partition plate, drawing out the metal partition plate, and pressing an ingot by adopting a cold isostatic pressing device to obtain a cylindrical coating ingot blank with the silver zinc oxide (15) at the center and the silver tin (12.5) alloy at the periphery, wherein the thickness of the silver tin (12.5) alloy layer powder in the coating ingot blank is 3% of the diameter of the whole coating ingot blank;
d) sintering the coated ingot blank under the protection of argon, wherein the sintering temperature is 820 ℃, and the sintering time is 5h, so as to obtain a sintered silver zinc oxide (15)/silver tin (12.5) coated ingot blank;
e) re-pressing and shaping the sintered silver zinc oxide (15)/silver tin (12.5) coated ingot blank in a 500T four-column hydraulic press to obtain a silver zinc oxide (15)/silver tin (12.5) coated ingot blank with a regular shape;
f) heating the silver zinc oxide (15)/silver tin (12.5) coated ingot blank with a regular shape under the protection of nitrogen at the temperature of 800 ℃ for 4h, and preparing two silver zinc oxide (15)/silver tin (12.5) composite strips by adopting backward extrusion equipment;
g) the silver zinc oxide (15)/silver tin (12.5) composite strip is processed into the silver zinc oxide (15) sheet-shaped electric contact with the silver tin (12.5) solder layer through rolling, punching and surface treatment. Wherein the silver tin (12.5)
The thickness of the material is 10-20% of the total thickness of the silver zinc oxide (15) sheet-shaped electrical contact.
The above disclosure is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it is therefore to be understood that the invention is not limited by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. The preparation method of the silver zinc oxide sheet-shaped electrical contact is characterized by comprising the following steps of (1) and (2) in no sequence:
(1) preparing working layer powder: preparing silver zinc oxide powder by adopting a powder metallurgy process or a pre-oxidation process;
(2) preparing welding layer powder: preparing silver alloy powder from the silver ingot and the second-phase metal by adopting high-pressure water atomization equipment, and drying and screening to form welding layer powder;
(3) preparing an ingot blank: preparing a rubber sleeve and a metal partition plate, placing the cylindrical metal partition plate inside the rubber sleeve, enabling the rubber sleeve to coincide with the central line of the metal partition plate, filling powder of a working layer into the space of the metal partition plate, filling powder of a welding layer into the space between the rubber sleeve and the metal partition plate, drawing out the metal partition plate, and pressing an ingot by adopting a cold isostatic pressing device to obtain a cylindrical coating ingot blank with the center being silver zinc oxide and the periphery being the welding layer material, wherein the thickness of the welding layer material in the coating ingot blank is 3% -5% of the diameter of the whole coating ingot blank;
(4) Sintering the coated ingot blank under the atmosphere protection condition, wherein the sintering temperature is 750-850 ℃, and the sintering time is 3-6 h, so as to obtain a sintered silver zinc oxide/welding layer material coated ingot blank;
(5) re-pressing and shaping the sintered coated ingot blank to obtain a silver zinc oxide/welding layer material coated ingot blank with a regular shape;
(6) heating the silver zinc oxide/welding layer material coated ingot blank with a regular shape under the protection of inert atmosphere at the heating temperature of 700-800 ℃ for 2-4 h, and then preparing two silver zinc oxide/welding layer material composite strips by adopting backward extrusion equipment;
(7) the silver zinc oxide/welding layer material composite strip is processed into a silver zinc oxide sheet-shaped electric contact with a solder layer through rolling, punching and surface treatment;
the silver zinc oxide sheet-shaped electrical contact comprises the following components in percentage by mass: zinc oxide is more than or equal to 8 percent and less than or equal to 15 percent, additive is more than or equal to 0 percent and less than or equal to 2 percent, and the balance is silver; wherein the additive is one or more of nickel oxide, tin oxide, bismuth oxide, copper oxide, magnesium oxide and aluminum oxide;
the second phase metal in the step (2) refers to one of copper, zinc and tin; the content range of the second phase metal in the welding layer powder is as follows in percentage by mass: copper is more than or equal to 10% and less than or equal to 17%, zinc is more than or equal to 10% and less than or equal to 20%, and tin is more than or equal to 8% and less than or equal to 17%.
2. The method for preparing a silver zinc oxide sheet-like electrical contact according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the thickness of the welding layer material in the silver zinc oxide/welding layer material composite strip obtained through backward extrusion is 10% -20% of the total thickness of the composite strip.
3. A silver zinc oxide sheet-like electrical contact produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 2.
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