CN115808307A - Method for detecting starting torque of gear box - Google Patents
Method for detecting starting torque of gear box Download PDFInfo
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- CN115808307A CN115808307A CN202211479952.7A CN202211479952A CN115808307A CN 115808307 A CN115808307 A CN 115808307A CN 202211479952 A CN202211479952 A CN 202211479952A CN 115808307 A CN115808307 A CN 115808307A
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Abstract
A method for detecting the starting torque of a gear box comprises the steps that the starting torque of an intermediate shaft bearing and the starting torque of a differential bearing are included, under the normal working state of the gear box, the starting torque of the intermediate shaft bearing and the starting torque of the differential bearing are determined by measuring the current value of the input end and the current value of the output end of the gear box and according to the incidental loss power and the transmission ratio of the gear box. The invention solves the technical problems that in the prior art, only the starting torque of the input end of the gear box assembly and the starting torque of the output end of the gear box assembly can be judged under the normal working state of the gear box, and whether the pre-tightening of a specific intermediate shaft bearing and a differential bearing reaches the standard or not can not be accurately determined; and the detected torque value is more accurate, complex tools and instruments are not required to be input, and the cost can be saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a new energy automobile, in particular to a method for detecting the starting torque of a gearbox in the new energy automobile.
Background
When the pre-tightening amount of the cone bearing is too large, the abrasion of the cone bearing is increased, so that the service life of the cone bearing is shortened. When the pre-tightening amount of the conical bearing is too small, the conical shaft is easy to generate shaft deviation and play, and the normal operation of the gear box is influenced. Therefore, the amount of preload of each conical bearing is strictly required.
After the conical bearing is subjected to an axial external force, an axial pre-tightening amount is generated, so that the generated axial force is balanced with the external force. Different axial pre-tightening amounts correspond to different axial forces, and different axial forces correspond to different rotary friction torques at a certain rotating speed of the input shaft. And the corresponding relation between the axial force and the rotary friction torque is different under different rotating speeds of the input shaft. The amount of preload on the cone bearings of the gear box of an electric drive assembly typically requires a start-up torque test after assembly to determine that the amount of preload is within the desired range for the cone bearings.
The pre-tightening of the conical bearing of the gearbox of the electric drive assembly is generally detected by a torque wrench after assembly to determine that the pre-tightening amount is within a required range, but during testing, the operation is troublesome, a special tool is required, the maximum value is required to be recorded during reading, and the reading is easy to be inaccurate; at present, the starting torque of a gearbox is measured, a torque wrench is adopted, a planetary gear shaft on a differential mechanism is rotated at a uniform speed, and the maximum value of torque reading on the torque wrench is recorded. The existing detection method has the following defects:
1. the torque is related to the rotating speed of a measured object, and the larger the acceleration is, the larger the torque value is, and the torque during real bearing pre-tightening cannot be reflected.
2. The rotating speed of the tested conical bearing can only be a lower rotating speed achieved by hand rotation, and the rotating speed can not be applied to the rotating speeds of various conical bearings in normal working states;
3. when the intermediate shaft and the differential adopt the conical bearings, the measured starting torque is the sum of the conical bearing torques of the two shafts, only the total starting torque can be judged, and whether the bearing pre-tightening quantity of the specific intermediate shaft bearing and the differential reaches the standard or not can not be accurately determined.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: how to detect the starting torque of the intermediate shaft bearing and the starting torque of the differential bearing under the normal working state of the gear box so as to accurately determine whether the pre-tightening of the specific intermediate shaft bearing and the differential bearing reaches the standard or not.
In view of the above problems, the technical solution proposed by the present invention is: a method for detecting the starting torque of a gear box comprises the steps that the starting torque of an intermediate shaft bearing and the starting torque of a differential mechanism bearing are included, under the normal working state of the gear box, the starting torque of the intermediate shaft bearing and the starting torque of the differential mechanism bearing are determined by measuring the current value of the input end and the current value of the output end of the gear box and according to the incidental loss power and the transmission ratio of the gear box.
Preferably, a gearbox activation torque detection method according to claim 1, wherein the determination of the gearbox activation torque comprises the steps of:
a) Keeping the gear box in a normal working state, and enabling the input shaft to operate at a low rotating speed;
b) Firstly, determining the starting torque of the input end of the gear box assembly and the starting torque of the output end of the gear box assembly according to the measured current values of the input end and the output end and the incidental loss power of the gear box;
c) Determining a starting moment of an intermediate shaft bearing and a starting moment of a differential bearing according to the starting moment of the input end of the gear box assembly, the starting moment of the output end of the gear box assembly, the transmission ratio from the input shaft to the intermediate shaft and the transmission ratio from the intermediate shaft to the differential shaft;
d) Under the normal operating condition of the gear box, and when the input shaft rotates at a high speed: and repeating the step b and the step c.
Preferably, in the step b, the current value of the input end and the incidental loss power of the gearbox are measured, and then the starting torque of the output end of the gearbox assembly is determined according to the formula (1);
in the formula (1), I Go out For output terminal current, U for voltage of the drive motor, P Decrease in the thickness of the steel The loss power is attached to the gear box, n1 is the rotating speed of the input shaft in the low rotating speed operation state of the gear box in the normal working state, i 1 Is the transmission ratio of the input shaft to the intermediate shaft;i 2 for the ratio of intermediate shaft to differential shaft, M Go out Starting torque for the output end of the gear box assembly;
in formula (1), only the output end of the gear box assembly starts the moment M Go out Is unknown, therefore, the starting moment M of the output end of the gear box assembly can be calculated according to the formula (1) Go out 。
Preferably, the power loss P of the gear box in formula (1) is measured when the gear box is running without load.
Preferably, in the step b, the starting torque at the input end of the gearbox assembly is determined according to the formula (2);
in the formula (2), I Go into For the input end current, only the input end of the gear box assembly starts the moment M Go into Is unknown, so that the starting torque M at the input end of the gear box assembly can be calculated according to the formula (2) Into 。
Preferably, in step c, the relationship between the starting torque at the output end of the gearbox assembly and the starting torque at the intermediate shaft bearing and the starting torque at the differential bearing is shown in formula (3),
M go out ＝2*M In *i 2 +2*M Difference (D) (3)
In the formula (3), M In (1) For starting the moment of the intermediate shaft bearing, M Difference (D) Torque is initiated for the differential bearings.
Preferably, in step c, the relationship between the starting torque at the input end of the gearbox assembly and the starting torque of the intermediate shaft bearing and the starting torque of the differential bearing is shown in formula (4),
in the formula (4), i 1 Is the transmission ratio of the input shaft to the intermediate shaft; i.e. i 2 The ratio of the intermediate shaft to the differential shaft.
Preferably, in the formula (1) and the formula (2), the starting torque M of the output end of the gearbox assembly is obtained Go out Starting torque M at input end of gearbox assembly Into So that the starting moment M of the intermediate shaft bearing in step c can be determined from the equations (3) and (4) In And differential bearing starting moment M Difference between 。
Preferably, under the normal working state of the gearbox and when the input shaft is at a high rotating speed, the rotating speed n2 of the input shaft when the input shaft is running at the high rotating speed is used for replacing n1 in the formula (1) and the formula (2) to calculate the starting torque of the input end of the gearbox assembly and the starting torque of the output end of the gearbox assembly; and determining an intermediate shaft bearing starting torque and a differential bearing starting torque according to the starting torque at the input end of the gear box assembly, the starting torque at the output end of the gear box assembly, the transmission ratio from the input shaft to the intermediate shaft and the transmission ratio from the intermediate shaft to the differential shaft.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
1. compared with the existing detection by using a torque wrench and a special tool, the torque value detected by the invention is more accurate, and complex tools and instruments are not required to be invested, so that the cost can be saved.
2. Determining an intermediate shaft bearing starting torque and a differential bearing starting torque by a formula according to the starting torque at the input end of the gear box assembly, the starting torque at the output end of the gear box assembly, the transmission ratio from the input shaft to the intermediate shaft and the transmission ratio from the intermediate shaft to the differential shaft; the technical problem that in the prior art, under the normal working state of the gear box, only the starting torque of the input end of the gear box assembly and the starting torque of the output end of the gear box assembly can be judged, and whether the pre-tightening of a specific intermediate shaft bearing and a differential bearing reaches the standard or not can not be accurately determined is solved.
3. According to the invention, whether the specific pre-tightening of the intermediate shaft bearing and the differential bearing reaches the standard can be quickly and accurately determined according to the formula only by measuring the current and voltage values of the driving motor, so that the detection efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a gearbox starting torque detection in accordance with an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a corresponding relationship diagram between the axial force and the pre-tightening amount of the conical bearing;
fig. 3 is a graph showing the correspondence between the axial force and the rotational friction torque of the cone bearing at different rotational speeds.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following examples and figures:
as shown in fig. 2 and 3, taking the cone bearing 30208 as an example, the cone bearing is biased in the axial direction by an axial preload amount when an external force in the axial direction is applied, so that the axial force and the external force are balanced. As can be seen in fig. 2: different amounts of axial pretension correspond to different axial forces. As can be seen in fig. 3: under a certain rotating speed of the input shaft, the conical bearing corresponds to different rotating friction torques under different axial forces. And the corresponding relation between the axial force and the rotary friction torque is different under different rotating speeds of the input shaft.
Example one
In the embodiment, both the intermediate shaft and the differential of the gear box adopt the cone bearings, the starting torque measured by the existing torque wrench is the sum of the moment of the cone bearings of the two shafts, only the total starting torque can be judged, and whether the pre-tightening quantity of the specific intermediate shaft bearing and the differential bearing reaches the standard or not can not be accurately determined. Therefore, the starting torque values of the intermediate shaft bearing and the differential shaft are required to be determined under the normal working state of the gear box and the input shaft is at different rotating speeds, and whether the pre-tightening amount of the specific intermediate shaft bearing and the differential shaft bearing reaches the standard or not is accurately determined according to the corresponding relation between the starting torque and the axial force and the pre-tightening amount, so that the normal working of the gear box is ensured, and the service lives of the intermediate shaft bearing and the differential shaft bearing are prolonged.
As shown in fig. 1, the gearbox starting torque includes an intermediate shaft bearing starting torque and a differential shaft starting torque, and the specific steps of determining the gearbox starting torque are as follows:
firstly, the gear box is kept in a normal working state, and the input shaft is operated at a low rotating speed;
equation (1) is as follows:
in the formula (1), I Go out For output terminal current, U for voltage of the drive motor, P Decrease in the thickness of the steel The loss power is attached to the gear box, n1 is the rotating speed of the input shaft in the low rotating speed operation state of the gear box in the normal working state, i 1 Is the transmission ratio of the input shaft to the intermediate shaft; i.e. i 2 For the ratio of intermediate shaft to differential shaft, M Go out A torque is initiated for the output of the gearbox assembly.
Due to the output terminal current I Go out The voltage U of the driving motor and the rotating speed n1 of the input shaft during low-rotating-speed operation can be directly measured, and the transmission ratio i from the input shaft to the intermediate shaft 1 And a transmission ratio i from the intermediate shaft to the differential shaft 2 Is a known quantity, with attendant loss of power P in the gearbox Decrease in the thickness of the steel It can be measured when the gearbox is operating without load. Therefore, only M in formula (1) Go out An unknown quantity which can start the moment M at the output end of the gear box assembly according to the formula (1) Go out And (4) accurately calculating.
Equation (2) is as follows:
in the formula (2), I Into For input of current, capable of being measured directly, M Into For the starting moment at the input end of the gearbox assembly, reference is made to the known parameters in equation (1), since only the starting moment M at the input end of the gearbox assembly Into Is unknown quantity, therefore, in the step b, the starting torque M of the input end of the gearbox assembly can be calculated according to the formula (2) Into 。
Equations (3) and (4) are as follows:
M go out ＝2*M In *i 2 +2*M Difference (D) (3)
In the formulas (3) and (4), M In For starting the moment of the intermediate shaft bearing, M Difference (D) Starting torque for differential bearings, where M Go out 、M Into 、i 1 And i 2 Please refer to the descriptions in equation (1) and equation (2).
Since in the formula (1) and the formula (2), the starting torque M of the output end of the gearbox assembly is obtained Go out Starting torque M at input end of gearbox assembly Into The value of (c). Therefore, from the two equations of equation (3) and equation (4), two variables M can be solved In (1) And M Difference (D) The value of (c), that is: c, determining the starting torque M of the intermediate shaft bearing in the step c In And differential bearing starting moment M Difference (D) 。
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the range of the axial force of the intermediate shaft bearing can be obtained according to the specific requirements of the pre-tightening amount of the intermediate shaft bearing, and the starting moment M of the intermediate shaft bearing meeting the requirements can be determined according to the range of the axial force of the intermediate shaft bearing In (1) The value range of (D) can also determine the starting torque M of the differential bearing meeting the requirements Difference between The value range of (a).
If the actually detected starting torque M of the intermediate shaft bearing In (1) And differential bearing starting moment M Difference between If the requirements are not met, the pre-tightening amount, the axial force and the starting torque of the intermediate shaft bearing and the differential bearing are changed by replacing pre-tightening gaskets with different thicknesses in the intermediate shaft bearing and the differential bearing. Then repeating the above measurement and calculation processes again to obtain a new starting moment M of the intermediate shaft bearing In (1) And differential bearing starting moment M Difference (D) Until a new intermediate shaft bearing starting moment M In And differential bearing starting moment M Difference (D) Meets the requirements.
Therefore, M meeting the requirement of the input shaft at low rotating speed under the normal working state of the gear box is obtained In And M Difference between . Then we let the gear box keep working normally againIn the state, the input shaft is enabled to run at a high rotating speed, and the detection process is repeated, so that M meeting the requirement when the input shaft runs at the high rotating speed can be obtained In (1) And M Difference between 。
In summary, the determination of the gearbox starting torque comprises the steps of:
a) Keeping the gear box in a normal working state, and enabling the input shaft to operate at a low rotating speed;
b) Firstly, determining the starting torque of the input end of the gear box assembly and the starting torque of the output end of the gear box assembly according to the measured current values of the input end and the output end and the incidental loss power of the gear box;
c) Determining a starting moment of an intermediate shaft bearing and a starting moment of a differential bearing according to the starting moment of the input end of the gear box assembly, the starting moment of the output end of the gear box assembly, the transmission ratio from the input shaft to the intermediate shaft and the transmission ratio from the intermediate shaft to the differential shaft;
d) Under the normal operating condition of the gear box, and when the input shaft rotates at a high speed: and repeating the step b and the step c.
The starting torque M of the intermediate shaft bearing is determined by repeatedly detecting and replacing pre-tightening gaskets with different thicknesses under the normal working state of the gear box and when the input shaft rotates at a low speed and a high speed In And differential bearing starting moment M Difference (D) . Until the input shaft is at low speed and high speed, the intermediate shaft bearing starts the moment M In (1) And differential bearing starting moment M Difference (D) All meet the requirements.
It will be apparent that modifications and variations are possible without departing from the principles of the invention as set forth herein.
Claims (9)
1. A method for detecting the starting torque of a gear box comprises an intermediate shaft bearing starting torque and a differential bearing starting torque, and is characterized in that the intermediate shaft bearing starting torque and the differential bearing starting torque are determined by measuring the current value of the input end and the current value of the output end of the gear box and according to the incidental loss power and the transmission ratio of the gear box under the normal working state of the gear box.
2. A gearbox activation torque detection method as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the determination of the gearbox activation torque comprises the steps of:
a) Keeping the gear box in a normal working state, and enabling the input shaft to operate at a low rotating speed;
b) Firstly, determining the starting torque of the input end of the gear box assembly and the starting torque of the output end of the gear box assembly through the measured current value of the input end, the measured current value of the output end and the incidental loss power of the gear box;
c) Determining a starting moment of an intermediate shaft bearing and a starting moment of a differential bearing according to the starting moment of the input end of the gear box assembly, the starting moment of the output end of the gear box assembly, the transmission ratio from the input shaft to the intermediate shaft and the transmission ratio from the intermediate shaft to the differential shaft;
d) Under the normal operating condition of the gear box, and when the input shaft rotates at a high speed: and repeating the step b and the step c.
3. The method for detecting the starting torque of the gearbox according to claim 2, wherein in the step b, the current value of the input end and the parasitic loss power of the gearbox are measured, and then the starting torque of the output end of the gearbox assembly is determined according to the formula (1);
in the formula (1), I Go out For output terminal current, U for voltage of the drive motor, P Decrease in the thickness of the steel The loss power is attached to the gear box, n1 is the rotating speed of the input shaft in the low rotating speed operation state of the gear box in the normal working state, i 1 Is the transmission ratio of the input shaft to the intermediate shaft; i.e. i 2 For the ratio of intermediate shaft to differential shaft, M Go out Starting torque for the output end of the gear box assembly;
in formula (1), only the output end of the gear box assembly starts the moment M Go out Is unknown, therefore, the starting force of the output end of the gear box assembly can be calculated according to the formula (1)Moment M Go out 。
4. A gearbox starting torque detection method according to claim 3, characterised in that the gearbox parasitic power loss P in equation (1) is measured when the gearbox is operating without load.
5. A gearbox starting torque detection method as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that in step b, the starting torque at the input end of the gearbox assembly is determined according to formula (2);
in the formula (2), I Into For input current, only the input end of the gear box assembly starts the moment M Go into Is unknown, so that the starting torque M at the input end of the gear box assembly can be calculated according to the formula (2) Into 。
6. A method for detecting the starting torque of a gearbox according to claim 5, wherein in step c, the relationship between the starting torque of the output end of the gearbox assembly and the starting torque of the intermediate shaft bearing and the starting torque of the differential bearing is shown in formula (3),
M go out ＝2*M In *i 2 +2*M Difference (D) (3)
In formula (3), M In For starting the moment of the intermediate shaft bearing, M Difference (D) Torque is initiated for the differential bearings.
7. A method of detecting the starting torque of a gearbox according to claim 6, wherein in step c, the relationship between the starting torque at the input end of the gearbox assembly and the starting torque of the intermediate shaft bearing and the starting torque of the differential bearing is shown in equation (4),
in the formula (4), i 1 Is the transmission ratio of the input shaft to the intermediate shaft; i.e. i 2 The ratio of the intermediate shaft to the differential shaft.
8. A gearbox starting torque detection method according to claim 7, characterized in that since in formula (1) and formula (2) the gearbox assembly output starting torque M has been determined Go out Starting torque M at input end of gearbox assembly Go into So that the starting moment M of the intermediate shaft bearing in step c can be determined from the equations (3) and (4) In And differential bearing starting moment M Difference (D) 。
9. A method for detecting the starting torque of a gearbox according to claim 8, wherein in the normal working state of the gearbox and when the input shaft is at a high rotating speed, the rotating speed n2 of the input shaft running at the high rotating speed is used for replacing n1 in the formula (1) and the formula (2) to calculate the starting torque of the input end of the gearbox assembly and the starting torque of the output end of the gearbox assembly; and determining the starting torque of the intermediate shaft bearing and the starting torque of the differential bearing according to the starting torque of the input end of the gear box assembly, the starting torque of the output end of the gear box assembly, the transmission ratio from the input shaft to the intermediate shaft and the transmission ratio from the intermediate shaft to the differential shaft.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211479952.7A CN115808307A (en) | 2022-11-24 | 2022-11-24 | Method for detecting starting torque of gear box |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211479952.7A CN115808307A (en) | 2022-11-24 | 2022-11-24 | Method for detecting starting torque of gear box |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN115808307A true CN115808307A (en) | 2023-03-17 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202211479952.7A Pending CN115808307A (en) | 2022-11-24 | 2022-11-24 | Method for detecting starting torque of gear box |
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| CN (1) | CN115808307A (en) |
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- 2022-11-24 CN CN202211479952.7A patent/CN115808307A/en active Pending
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