CN115795947A - River channel reverse tracing determination method based on digital elevation model - Google Patents
River channel reverse tracing determination method based on digital elevation model Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a river channel reverse tracing determination method based on a digital elevation model, belonging to the technical field of hydrology research, and the method comprises the following steps: and extracting a digital elevation model in the basin range according to the basin vector boundary file, sequentially calculating a flow direction grid and a confluence cumulant grid so as to find a unit with the maximum confluence cumulant, setting the unit as a water outlet of the basin, and searching a unique inflow point by combining a reverse discrimination window according to the numerical value and the coordinate of a water outlet point until a new inflow point cannot be found, thereby completing the reverse tracing of the river channel in the basin boundary. The method solves the problem that hydrological simulation errors are increased due to the fact that a river source cannot be accurately positioned in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrological research, and particularly relates to a river reverse tracing determination method based on a digital elevation model.
Background
With the rapid development of remote sensing technology, geographic information technology and computer technology, various high-precision and large-range remote sensing data are layered endlessly, and hydrological research is pushed to advance towards digitization. According to hydrology research characteristics and development prospects, high-precision basin digitization is a necessary condition for constructing a hydrology model and completing hydrology simulation research. The accuracy of key parameters such as river length, river slope and the like can be influenced by the positioning accuracy of the river source head in the river basin, and the simulation accuracy of the hydrological model is directly influenced. If the river source cannot be accurately positioned, the digital river network cannot be matched with the real river network, and the hydrologic simulation error is increased. Therefore, accurate positioning of the river source is an important part of hydrological simulation.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the river channel reverse tracing determination method based on the digital elevation model provided by the invention solves the problem that hydrological simulation errors are increased due to the fact that river sources cannot be accurately positioned in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the scheme provides a river channel reverse tracing determining method based on a digital elevation model, which comprises the following steps:
s1, extracting a digital elevation model in a drainage basin range according to a drainage basin vector boundary file, and sequentially generating a flow direction grid and a confluence cumulant grid;
s2, searching a maximum convergence cumulant value according to the convergence cumulant grid, and setting the maximum convergence cumulant value as a water outlet point of the basin;
s3, setting a water outlet as a starting point according to the reverse discrimination window, judging the trend of the river by combining a flow direction grid, searching a flow-in point flowing into the central point of the reverse discrimination window, and recording coordinates of the flow-in point in the river grid;
s4, judging according to the confluence cumulant grid when the inflow point is not unique, and determining the unique inflow point of each central point;
and S5, circulating all inflow points, reversely searching the source, judging whether a new inflow point is found, if so, setting the only inflow point as a new initial point, and returning to the step S3, otherwise, finishing the reverse tracing of the river channel.
The beneficial effects of the invention are: the river channel reverse tracing determining method based on the digital elevation model extracts the flow direction grid and the convergence cumulant grid in the river basin by utilizing the ArcGIS platform and the digital elevation model data, automatically acquires the water outlet point of the river basin, saves time and labor and improves the accuracy of searching the position of the water outlet point of the river basin; by utilizing the method of reverse tracing, the accurate positioning of the source of the river is realized, each river can be ensured to be 'from end to end', the efficiency and the precision of the digitization of the river network of the river basin are effectively improved, and a technical support is provided for the high-precision simulation of the hydrological simulation.
Further, the step S1 includes the steps of:
s101, extracting a digital elevation model in a basin range according to a basin vector boundary file, and performing depression filling processing on the digital elevation model by using an ArcGIS platform hydrological tool to obtain depression-free digital elevation model data;
s102, calculating a flow direction grid by using a flow direction tool in the ArcGIS platform hydrological analysis according to the digital elevation model data of the non-depressed area, and generating the flow direction grid;
and S103, calculating the confluence cumulant of each grid point by using a flow tool in the ArcGIS platform hydrological analysis according to the flow direction grid data, and generating a confluence cumulant grid.
The beneficial effects of the further scheme are as follows: conventional hydrological analysis is carried out by cutting digital elevation model data through vector boundaries of a river basin, the consistency of the range of various data is guaranteed, and the method is beneficial to the reverse tracing of a follow-up river channel.
Still further, the step S2 includes the steps of:
s201, calculating the maximum value of each row of the confluence cumulant grid, and calculating the maximum value of the obtained result to obtain the maximum value of the confluence cumulant and the coordinates of the maximum value;
s202, determining a water outlet point of the whole basin according to the coordinate of the maximum convergence cumulant value;
and S203, establishing a flow-in point grid according to the sizes of the flow direction grid and the confluence accumulation grid, and recording confluence accumulation amount values and coordinates of the water outlet points.
The beneficial effects of the above further scheme are: the water outlet point is determined through the confluence accumulation grid, the accuracy of the result can be guaranteed, the coordinates of the water outlet point are recorded, the rapid identification and positioning of the starting point of the subsequent reverse tracing are facilitated, and the inflow grid is created, so that the recording of the subsequent reverse tracing process is facilitated.
Still further, the expression of the maximum value of the confluence accumulation amount is as follows:
wherein, acc max Representing the maximum value of the confluence cumulant grid, MAX representing the maximum value operation, acc ij Represents the accumulation amount of the busbars of the ith row and the jth column of the cells, m represents the total row number of the cells, and n represents the total column number of the cells.
The beneficial effects of the further scheme are as follows: the principle of determining the water outlet point by the confluence accumulation grid is expressed as an easily understood formula, and the coordinates of the water outlet point can be easily calculated.
Still further, the step S3 includes the steps of:
s301, setting a reverse discrimination window, and setting the inflow direction to be 8 directions of upper, upper right, lower left and upper left according to the direction of the inflow central point of the adjacent cells;
s302, setting a water outlet point of the drainage basin as a starting point, placing the starting point at the central point of a reverse judging window, judging the flow directions of 8 directional cells around the starting point by combining a flow direction grid, and determining the cells flowing into the central point;
and S303, defining the cells of the inflow central point as an inflow point of the central point of the inflow reverse discrimination window, and recording the coordinates of the inflow point in the river grid.
The beneficial effects of the further scheme are as follows: the flow direction graticule mesh and the collection cumulant graticule mesh are fully utilized to carry out lattice point judgment one by one, the inflow point is accurately identified, and the accuracy of reverse traceability is ensured.
Still further, the step S4 specifically includes:
and when the current inflow point is not unique, selecting the inflow point where the maximum value is located as the unique inflow point by comparing the confluence accumulated quantity value of each inflow point.
The beneficial effects of the further scheme are as follows: the confluence cumulative river network is fully utilized, and the problem that the accuracy of reverse tracing is influenced because a plurality of rivers in a large-scale river basin can not accurately find a flowing point when simultaneously confluent into the same river is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of digital elevation data used in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graphical illustration of digital elevation model data without depressions as used in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a flow-direction mesh used in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a busbar accumulation grid used in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating determination of an entry point of a reverse discrimination window according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of a water outlet point used in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a source determined by the method in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined in the appended claims, and all matters produced by the invention using the inventive concept are protected.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a river reverse tracing determination method based on a digital elevation model, which is implemented as follows:
s1, extracting a digital elevation model in a basin range according to a basin vector boundary file, and sequentially generating a flow direction grid and a confluence cumulant grid, wherein the implementation method comprises the following steps:
s101, extracting a digital elevation model in a basin range according to a basin vector boundary file, and performing depression filling processing on the digital elevation model by using an ArcGIS platform hydrological tool to obtain depression-free digital elevation model data;
s102, calculating a flow direction grid by using a flow direction tool in the ArcGIS platform hydrological analysis according to the digital elevation model data of the non-hollow land, and generating the flow direction grid;
and S103, calculating the confluence cumulant of each grid point by using a flow tool in the ArcGIS platform hydrological analysis according to the flow direction grid data to generate a confluence cumulant grid.
In this embodiment, according to a basin vector boundary file, a digital elevation model in a basin range is extracted, as shown in fig. 2, a hollow filling process is performed on the digital elevation model by using an ArcGIS platform hydrological tool, so as to obtain hollow-free digital elevation model data, as shown in fig. 3; calculating a flow direction grid based on the digital elevation model data of the non-hollow land by using a flow direction tool in ArcGIS hydrological analysis, and obtaining flow direction grid data as shown in FIG. 4; based on the above flow direction raster data, the cumulative amount of confluence for each lattice point is calculated using a flow tool in the ArcGIS hydrological analysis, and confluence cumulative amount raster data is obtained, as shown in fig. 5.
S2, searching the maximum value of the confluence cumulant according to the confluence cumulant grid, and setting the maximum value of the confluence cumulant as a water outlet point of the watershed, wherein the implementation method comprises the following steps:
s201, calculating the maximum value of each row of the confluence cumulant grid, and calculating the maximum value of the obtained result to obtain the maximum value of the confluence cumulant and the coordinates of the maximum value;
the expression of the maximum value of the confluence accumulation amount is as follows:
wherein, acc max Representing the maximum value of the confluence cumulant grid, MAX representing the maximum value operation, acc ij Representing the accumulation amount of the confluence of the cells at the ith row and the jth column, wherein m represents the total row number of the cells, and n represents the total column number of the cells;
s202, determining a water outlet point of the whole basin according to the coordinate of the maximum convergence cumulant value;
and S203, establishing a flow-in point grid according to the sizes of the flow direction grid and the confluence accumulation grid, and recording confluence accumulation amount values and coordinates of the water outlet points.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the maximum value of each row of the confluence cumulant grid is calculated, and then the maximum value of the obtained result is calculated to obtain the maximum value and the coordinates thereof in the whole confluence cumulant grid; determining the water outlet point of the whole basin based on the coordinate of the maximum value of the confluence cumulant grid; and establishing a flow-in point grid according to the sizes of the flow direction grid and the confluence cumulant grid, wherein the flow-in point grid is used for recording confluence cumulant of a flow-in point.
S3, according to the reverse judging window, setting a water outlet as a starting point, judging the trend of the river by combining a flow direction grid, searching a flow-in point flowing into the central point of the reverse judging window, and recording coordinates of the flow-in point in the river grid, wherein the implementation method comprises the following steps:
s301, setting a reverse discrimination window, and setting the inflow direction to be 8 directions of upper, upper right, lower left and upper left according to the direction of the inflow central point of the adjacent cells;
s302, setting a water outlet point of the drainage basin as a starting point, placing the starting point at the central point of a reverse judging window, judging the flow directions of 8 directional cells around the starting point by combining a flow direction grid, and determining the cells flowing into the central point;
and S303, defining the cell of the inflow central point as an inflow point of the central point of the inflow reverse judging window, and recording the coordinates of the inflow point in the river grid.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, a reverse discrimination window is set, a grid point to be discriminated is defined as a central point, and then an inflow direction is set as 8 directions, i.e., up, right, down, left, up, left, and down, according to the direction of the inflow central point of the cells beside the grid; based on the water outlet point, setting the water outlet point as a starting point, placing the starting point at the central point of a flow direction judging window, judging the flow directions of the eight directional cells around the starting point by combining the flow direction grid, and determining which cells flow into the central point; and defining the grid points flowing into the central point as inflow points based on the judgment condition, and recording the convergence cumulative quantity numerical value of the inflow point grid in corresponding coordinates.
S4, judging according to the confluence cumulant grid if the inflow point is not unique, and determining the unique inflow point of each central point, wherein the specific steps are as follows: based on the condition that the inflow points are not unique, namely the condition that one central point corresponds to a plurality of inflow points, the inflow point where the maximum value is located is selected as the only inflow point by comparing the confluence accumulated quantity value of each inflow point.
And S5, circulating all inflow points, reversely searching the source, judging whether a new inflow point is found, if so, setting the only inflow point as a new initial point, and returning to the step S3, otherwise, finishing the reverse tracing of the river channel, as shown in figure 8.
According to the method, the ArcGIS platform and the digital elevation model data are utilized to extract the flow direction grids and the confluence cumulant grids in the drainage basin, so that the drainage basin water outlet point is automatically obtained, time and labor are saved, and the accuracy of searching the drainage basin water outlet point position is improved; by utilizing the method of backtracking, the precise positioning of the source of the river is realized, each river can be ensured to be 'from one to the end', the efficiency and the precision of the river network digitization of the river basin are effectively improved, and a technical support is provided for the high-precision simulation of hydrological simulation.
Claims (6)
1. A river channel reverse tracing determination method based on a digital elevation model is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of S1, extracting a digital elevation model in a drainage basin range according to a drainage basin vector boundary file, and sequentially generating a flow direction grid and a confluence cumulant grid;
s2, searching a confluence cumulant maximum value according to the confluence cumulant grid, and setting the confluence cumulant maximum value as a water outlet point of the basin;
s3, setting a water outlet as a starting point according to the reverse discrimination window, judging the trend of the river by combining a flow direction grid, searching a flow-in point flowing into the central point of the reverse discrimination window, and recording coordinates of the flow-in point in the river grid;
s4, judging according to the confluence cumulant grid when the inflow point is not unique, and determining the unique inflow point of each central point;
and S5, circulating all inflow points, reversely searching the source, judging whether a new inflow point is found, if so, setting the only inflow point as a new initial point, and returning to the step S3, otherwise, finishing the reverse tracing of the river channel.
2. The method for determining the river reverse tracing based on the digital elevation model as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S1 comprises the steps of:
s101, extracting a digital elevation model in a basin range according to a basin vector boundary file, and performing depression filling processing on the digital elevation model by using an ArcGIS platform hydrological tool to obtain depression-free digital elevation model data;
s102, calculating a flow direction grid by using a flow direction tool in the ArcGIS platform hydrological analysis according to the digital elevation model data of the non-hollow land, and generating the flow direction grid;
and S103, calculating the confluence cumulant of each grid point by using a flow tool in the ArcGIS platform hydrological analysis according to the flow direction grid data to generate a confluence cumulant grid.
3. The method for determining the river backtracking based on the digital elevation model according to claim 1, wherein the step S2 comprises the following steps:
s201, calculating the maximum value of each row of the confluence cumulant grid, and calculating the maximum value of the obtained result to obtain the maximum value of the confluence cumulant and the coordinates of the maximum value;
s202, determining a water outlet point of the whole basin according to the coordinate of the maximum convergence cumulant value;
and S203, establishing a flow-in point grid according to the sizes of the flow direction grid and the confluence cumulant grid, and recording confluence cumulant values and coordinates of the water outlet points.
4. The method for determining the river reverse tracing based on the digital elevation model as claimed in claim 1, wherein the expression of the maximum convergence accumulation amount is as follows:
wherein, acc max Representing the maximum value of the confluence cumulant grid, MAX representing the maximum value operation, acc ij Represents the accumulation amount of the busbars of the ith row and the jth column of the cells, m represents the total row number of the cells, and n represents the total column number of the cells.
5. The method for determining the river reverse tracing based on the digital elevation model as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S3 comprises the steps of:
s301, setting a reverse discrimination window, and setting the inflow direction to be 8 directions of upper, upper right, lower left and upper left according to the direction of the inflow central point of the adjacent cells;
s302, setting a water outlet point of the drainage basin as a starting point, placing the starting point at the central point of a reverse judging window, judging the flow directions of 8 directional cells around the starting point by combining a flow direction grid, and determining the cells flowing into the central point;
and S303, defining the cells of the inflow central point as an inflow point of the central point of the inflow reverse discrimination window, and recording the coordinates of the inflow point in the river grid.
6. The method for determining the river backtracking based on the digital elevation model according to claim 1, wherein the step S4 is specifically:
if the entry point is not unique, the entry point where the maximum value is located is selected as the unique entry point by comparing the cumulative amount of convergence of each entry point.
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| CN117876197A (en) * | 2024-03-12 | 2024-04-12 | 珠江水利委员会珠江水利科学研究院 | Urban yellow mud water multi-scale tracing method, system and source early warning method |
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| CN117876197A (en) * | 2024-03-12 | 2024-04-12 | 珠江水利委员会珠江水利科学研究院 | Urban yellow mud water multi-scale tracing method, system and source early warning method |
| CN117876197B (en) * | 2024-03-12 | 2024-05-24 | 珠江水利委员会珠江水利科学研究院 | Urban yellow mud water multi-scale tracing method, system and source early warning method |
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