CN115791227A - System and method for calculating steam exhaust characteristic of low-pressure cylinder - Google Patents
System and method for calculating steam exhaust characteristic of low-pressure cylinder Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for calculating the steam exhaust characteristics of a low-pressure cylinder. The invention does not need to extend an expansion line, takes the flow of condensed water as a reference, measures the drainage flow entering the No. 8 low-pressure heater and the condenser by additionally arranging No. 7 and No. 8 low-pressure drainage flow devices, the difference between the drainage flow and the steam extraction flow of the No. 8 low-pressure heater, and combines the heat balance calculation of the No. 5 low-pressure heater and the No. 6 low-pressure heater to obtain the steam extraction flow of the No. 7 low-pressure heater, thereby being capable of conveniently and accurately calculating the characteristic parameters such as the steam extraction flow, the enthalpy value and the like of the low-pressure cylinder.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of thermal power generation, in particular to a system and a method for calculating the steam exhaust characteristics of a low-pressure cylinder.
Background
The condenser exhaust steam flow can be used for accurately calculating the condenser heat transfer coefficient, the condenser heat transfer coefficient can be used for monitoring the condenser heat transfer condition in real time, judging whether the condenser performance is deteriorated or not, and carrying out quantitative analysis on the deterioration condition.
In the prior art, the exhaust steam flow of the condenser is calculated according to the thermodynamic test rules of the steam turbine, the calculation is very complex, all performance monitoring measuring points on the side of the steam turbine are used, and because 7-section steam extraction, 8-section steam extraction and low-pressure cylinder exhaust of the steam turbine are in a wet steam area, the enthalpy value cannot be directly inquired through pressure and temperature, a computer is needed for carrying out heat balance iterative calculation on the whole thermodynamic system of the steam turbine, and because the number of involved thermodynamic measuring points is large, the uncertainty of the measurement is increased, and the exhaust steam flow of the condenser is inconvenient to be accurately monitored in real time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a system and a method for calculating the exhaust steam characteristic of a low-pressure cylinder, which aim to solve the problem that the measurement of the exhaust steam flow of a condenser is difficult to calculate in the background technology. In the prior art, an expansion line is determined from a steam inlet point of a middle pressure cylinder and a steam extraction point of a final stage, and the end point enthalpy ELEP of the expansion line can be determined by extending the expansion line to the steam exhaust pressure. The invention does not need to extend an expansion line, takes the flow of condensed water as a reference, measures the drainage flow entering the No. 8 low-pressure heater and the condenser by additionally arranging No. 7 and No. 8 low-pressure drainage flow devices, the difference between the drainage flow and the steam extraction flow of the No. 8 low-pressure heater, and combines the heat balance calculation of the No. 5 low-pressure heater and the No. 6 low-pressure heater to obtain the steam extraction flow of the No. 7 low-pressure heater, thereby being capable of conveniently and accurately calculating the characteristic parameters such as the steam extraction flow, the enthalpy value and the like of the low-pressure cylinder.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a system for calculating the steam exhaust characteristics of a low-pressure cylinder comprises a boiler, a heat recovery system, a water feeding pump steam turbine, a condensate pump, a condensate flow measuring device, a high-pressure cylinder, an intermediate-pressure cylinder and the low-pressure cylinder.
The heat recovery system comprises a high-pressure heater system and a low-pressure heater system;
the high-pressure heater system is formed by sequentially connecting a No. 1 high-pressure heater, a No. 2 high-pressure heater and a No. 3 high-pressure heater;
a drainage flow measuring device is arranged on a drainage pipeline of the low-pressure heater system, which is close to two stages of low-pressure heaters of the condenser, and is used for measuring drainage flow from a penultimate low-pressure heater to a final-stage low-pressure heater of the low-pressure cylinder and drainage flow from the final-stage low-pressure heater to the condenser and calculating extraction enthalpy of the final-stage low-pressure heater;
the low-pressure heater system is formed by sequentially connecting a deaerator, a No. 5 low-pressure heater, a No. 6 low-pressure heater, a No. 7 low-pressure heater, a No. 8 low-pressure heater, a shaft seal heater and a condenser;
the drainage flow measuring device is arranged on a drainage pipeline between the No. 7 low-pressure heater and the No. 8 low-pressure heater; and the condensate flow measuring device is arranged on a drain pipeline between the No. 8 low-pressure heater and the condenser.
Preferably, the high-pressure cylinder, the medium-pressure cylinder and the low-pressure cylinder are communicated with the boiler through drain pipes.
Preferably, the condenser is communicated with the condensate pump and the shaft seal heater through a drain pipeline.
Preferably, the deaerator is communicated with the water feeding pump turbine through a drain pipeline.
A method for calculating the steam exhaust characteristics of a low-pressure cylinder comprises the steps of calculating the steam inlet flow of a No. 8 low-pressure heater based on the drainage flow measured by a drainage flow measuring device, and combining the heat balance calculation of a No. 5 low-pressure heater and a No. 6 low-pressure heater to obtain the steam inlet flow of a No. 7 low-pressure heater and obtain steam exhaust characteristic parameters; the method comprises the following steps:
s1, calculating the steam-water flow of a high-medium pressure part;
s2, calculating the steam-water flow of the low-pressure part;
and S3, calculating the flow balance of the heater.
Preferably, in step S1, the following steps are included:
s10, taking the flow of condensed water at the inlet of the deaerator as a reference, and obtaining the flow of steam entering each high-pressure heater through iterative calculation of the flow of feed water and heat balance calculation of the high-pressure heaters;
and S11, combining with the measurement or calculation of the auxiliary flow to obtain the steam-water flow of the whole high-middle pressure part, wherein the steam-water flow comprises the main steam flow, the high-pressure cylinder exhaust steam flow, the middle-pressure cylinder steam inlet flow and the middle-pressure cylinder exhaust steam flow.
Preferably, in step S2, the following steps are included:
s20, obtaining the flow of condensed water entering a deaerator according to existing measuring points on site, starting from a low-pressure heater with the highest pressure and the highest level, calculating the steam inlet amount of each heater backwards step by step until steam extraction is in front of a heater with wet steam, and directly calculating the steam inlet amount and the water repellent amount of each heater;
s21, measuring the drain total flow of the last-stage low-pressure heater through a drain flow measuring device, and subtracting the drain flow of the penultimate stage from the flow to obtain the steam extraction amount of the last-stage low-pressure heater;
and S22, obtaining the exhaust steam flow of the low pressure cylinder according to the calculation result of the steam extraction amount of each heater of the low pressure cylinder and auxiliary flow measurement or calculation.
Preferably, in step S3, the heater flow balance calculation model includes the following contents:
a. heat balance of No. 1 high-pressure heater:
G water supply ·(h Yielding water 1 -h Inflow 1 )＝G Admission 1 ·(h Admission of steam1 -h Hydrophobic 1 )#(1)；
b. Heat balance of No. 2 high pressure heater:
G water supply ·(h Outlet water 2 -h Inflow 2 )＝G Admission 2 ·(h Admission 2 -h Hydrophobic 2 )+G Admission 1 ·(h Hydrophobic 1 -h Hydrophobic 2 )#(2)；
c. Heat balance of No. 3 high pressure heater:
G feed water ·(h Outlet 3 -h Inlet water 3 )＝G Admission 3 ·(h Admission 3 -h Hydrophobic 3 )+(G Admission 1 +G Admission 2 )·(h Hydrophobic 2 -h Hydrophobic 3 )#(3)；
d. Thermal balance of a deaerator:
e. no. 5 low-pressure heater thermal balance:
G condensed water ·(h Yielding water 5 -h Inflow 5 )＝G Admission of steam 5 ·(h Admission of steam 5 -h Hydrophobic 5 )#(5)；
f. No. 6 low-pressure heater thermal balance:
G condensed water ·(h Yielding water 6 -h Inlet water 6 )＝G Admission 6 ·(h Admission 6 -h Hydrophobic 6 )+G Admission of steam 5 ·(h Hydrophobic 5 -h Hydrophobic 6 )#(6)；
Wherein, G Feed water Feed water flow [ t/h ] through a high-pressure heater]；
G Admission of steam -heater inlet flow [ t/h [ ]]；
G Inflow water 、G Discharging water -water flow rate [ t/h ] at inlet and outlet of heater]；
h Inflow water 、h Discharging water Enthalpy of water at inlet and outlet of heater kJ/kg]；
h Admission of steam 、h Hydrophobic -heater admission and drainage enthalpy [ kJ/kg ]]；
Subscripts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 represent respectively a high-pressure heater No. 1-3, a deaerator, and a low-pressure heater No. 5-6.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, when the exhaust steam flow of the condenser is measured and calculated, no complex iteration about the final-stage and next-stage low-pressure steam extraction enthalpy and the low-pressure cylinder exhaust steam enthalpy is needed, and the calculation workload is greatly reduced.
2. According to the method, the balance calculation of the input energy and the output energy of the whole machine is not needed in the calculation process, the steam-water parameters required by the calculation are greatly reduced, and the calculation deviation of the exhaust steam flow of the condenser caused by individual measurement errors is effectively avoided.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for calculating the steam discharge characteristic of a low pressure cylinder according to the present invention.
In the figure:
1. a number 1 high pressure heater; 2. a No. 2 high pressure heater; 3. a No. 3 high pressure heater; 4. a deaerator; 5. no. 5 low pressure heater; 6. a number 6 low pressure heater; 7. a number 7 low pressure heater; 8. a number 8 low pressure heater; 9. a high pressure cylinder; 10. an intermediate pressure cylinder; 11. a low pressure cylinder; 12. a boiler; 13. a generator; 14. a condenser; 15. a condensate pump; 16. a shaft seal heater; 17. a hydrophobic flow measurement device; 18. a condensate flow rate measuring device; 19. a water pump turbine.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Referring to FIG. 1: a system for calculating the steam exhaust characteristics of a low-pressure cylinder comprises a boiler 12, a heat recovery system, a water feed pump turbine 19, a condensate pump 15, a condensate flow measuring device 18, a high-pressure cylinder 9, a medium-pressure cylinder 10 and a low-pressure cylinder 11; the high-pressure cylinder 9, the intermediate-pressure cylinder 10 and the low-pressure cylinder 11 are communicated with a boiler 12 through a drain pipeline; the condenser 14 is communicated with a condensate pump 15 and a shaft seal heater 16 through a drain pipeline; the deaerator 4 is communicated with a water feeding pump turbine 19 through a drainage pipeline.
The regenerative system includes a high pressure heater system and a low pressure heater system.
Wherein, the high pressure heater system is formed by connecting No. 1 high pressure heater 1, no. 2 high pressure heater 2, no. 3 high pressure heater 3 in proper order.
The drain flow measuring device 17 is installed on a drain pipeline of the two-stage low-pressure heater of the low-pressure heater system close to the condenser 14, and the drain flow measuring device 17 is used for measuring drain flow from the last-stage low-pressure heater to the last-stage low-pressure heater of the low-pressure cylinder 11 times and drain flow from the last-stage low-pressure heater to the condenser and used for calculating extraction enthalpy of the last-stage low-pressure heater.
The low-pressure heater system is formed by sequentially connecting a deaerator 4, a No. 5 low-pressure heater 5, a No. 6 low-pressure heater 6, a No. 7 low-pressure heater 7, a No. 8 low-pressure heater 8, a shaft seal heater 16 and a condenser 14. The drainage flow measuring device 17 is arranged on a drainage pipeline between the No. 7 low-pressure heater 7 and the No. 8 low-pressure heater 8; the condensate flow measuring device 18 is arranged on a drain pipeline between the No. 8 low-pressure heater 8 and the condenser 14.
In this embodiment, the drainage flow measuring device 17 and the condensate flow measuring device 18 are installed on the drainage pipes between the low-pressure heater 7 and the low-pressure heater 8, and between the low-pressure heater 8 and the condenser 14, and the inlet steam flow of the low pressure heater 7 and the inlet steam flow of the low pressure heater 8 can be obtained without an iterative manner by measuring the drainage flow and combining the heat balance calculation of the low pressure heaters 5 and 6. The water side condensate flow of the low-pressure heater is measured by a condensate flow measuring device which is arranged between the No. 5 low-pressure heater and the deaerator 4, and the steam inlet flow of the No. 5 low-pressure heater and the No. 6 low-pressure heater is calculated based on the condensate flow and the steam side and water side parameters of the heaters.
Example 2
A method for calculating the steam exhaust characteristic of a low pressure cylinder comprises the steps of calculating the steam inlet flow of a No. 8 low pressure heater 8 based on the drainage flow measured by a drainage flow measuring device 17, and obtaining the steam inlet flow of a No. 7 low pressure heater 7 by combining the heat balance calculation of a No. 5 low pressure heater 5 and a No. 6 low pressure heater 6 to obtain a steam exhaust characteristic parameter; the method comprises the following steps:
1. calculating the steam-water flow of the high-medium pressure part: by taking the flow of condensed water at the inlet of the deaerator 4 as a reference, obtaining the flow of steam entering each high-pressure heater through iterative calculation of the flow of feed water and heat balance calculation of the high-pressure heaters; and combining with the measurement or calculation of the auxiliary flow to obtain the steam-water flow of the whole high-medium pressure part, wherein the steam-water flow comprises the main steam flow, the high-pressure cylinder exhaust steam flow, the medium-pressure cylinder steam inlet flow and the medium-pressure cylinder exhaust steam flow.
2. Calculating the low-pressure part steam flow: obtaining the flow of condensed water entering the deaerator 4 according to existing measuring points on site, starting with a low-pressure heater with the highest pressure and one stage, calculating the steam inlet amount of each heater backwards step by step until the steam extraction is in front of the heater with wet steam, and directly calculating the steam inlet amount and the water drainage amount of each heater; after the drainage flow measuring device 17 measures the drainage total flow of the last-stage low-pressure heater, the steam extraction amount of the last-stage low-pressure heater can be obtained by subtracting the drainage flow of the last stage from the flow; and obtaining the exhaust steam flow of the low pressure cylinder according to the calculation result of the steam extraction amount of each heater of the low pressure cylinder and the auxiliary flow measurement or calculation.
3. Heater flow balance calculation model:
(1) high pressure heater No. 1 heat balance:
G feed water ·(h Yielding water 1 -h Inflow 1 )＝G Admission 1 ·(h Admission 1 -h Hydrophobic 1 )#(1)；
(2) No. 2 high-pressure heater 2 thermal balance:
G feed water ·(h Outlet water 2 -h Inflow 2 )＝G Admission 2 ·(h Admission 2 -h Hydrophobic 2 )+G Admission 1 ·(h Hydrophobic 1 -h Hydrophobic 2 )#(2)；
(3) No. 3 high-pressure heater 3 thermal balance:
G feed water ·(h Water outlet 3 -h Inlet water 3 )＝G Admission 3 ·(h Admission 3 -h Hydrophobic 3 )+(G Admission 1 +G Admission 2 )·(h Hydrophobic 2 -h Hydrophobic 3 )#(3)；
(4) Thermal equilibrium of deaerator 4:
(5) no. 5 low-pressure heater 5 thermal equilibrium:
G condensed water ·(h Yielding water 5 -h Inflow 5 )＝G Admission of steam 5 ·(h Admission of steam 5 -h Hydrophobic 5 )#(5)；
(6) No. 6 low-pressure heater 6 thermal equilibrium:
G condensed water ·(h Yielding water 6 -h Inlet water 6 )＝G Admission 6 ·(h Admission 6 -h Hydrophobic 6 )+G Admission of steam 5 ·(h Hydrophobic 5 -h Hydrophobic 6 )#(6)；
Wherein G is Feed water Feed water flow [ t/h ] through a high-pressure heater]；
G Admission of steam -heater inlet flow [ t/h [ ]]；
G Inflow water 、G Discharging water -water flow rate [ t/h ] at inlet and outlet of heater]；
h Inflow water 、h Discharging water Enthalpy of water at inlet and outlet of heater kJ/kg]；
h Admission of steam 、h Hydrophobic Heater steam admission, water drainage enthalpy [ kJ/kg [)]；
Subscripts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 represent respectively a high-pressure heater No. 1-3, a deaerator, and a low-pressure heater No. 5-6.
By the measuring and calculating method, when the exhaust steam flow of the condenser is measured and calculated, complex iteration about low-pressure steam extraction enthalpy of the last stage and the next last stage and exhaust steam enthalpy of the low-pressure cylinder is not needed, and the calculation workload is greatly reduced. Meanwhile, the balance calculation of the input energy and the output energy of the whole machine is not needed in the calculation process, so that steam-water parameters required by calculation are greatly reduced, and the calculation deviation of the exhaust steam flow of the condenser caused by individual measurement errors is effectively avoided.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in the embodiments and/or modifications of the invention can be made, and equivalents and modifications of some features of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A system for calculating the steam exhaust characteristic of a low-pressure cylinder is characterized by comprising a boiler (12), a heat recovery system, a water feeding pump turbine (19), a condensate pump (15), a condensate flow measuring device (18), a high-pressure cylinder (9), an intermediate-pressure cylinder (10) and a low-pressure cylinder (11);
the heat regenerative system comprises a high-pressure heater system and a low-pressure heater system;
the high-pressure heater system is formed by sequentially connecting a No. 1 high-pressure heater (1), a No. 2 high-pressure heater (2) and a No. 3 high-pressure heater (3);
a drain flow measuring device (17) is installed on a drain pipeline of the two-stage low-pressure heater of the low-pressure heater system close to the condenser (14), and the drain flow measuring device (17) is used for measuring drain flow from a penultimate low-pressure heater to a final-stage low-pressure heater and drain flow from the final-stage low-pressure heater to the condenser of a low-pressure cylinder (11) and is used for calculating extraction enthalpy of the final-stage low-pressure heater;
the low-pressure heater system is formed by sequentially connecting a deaerator (4), a No. 5 low-pressure heater (5), a No. 6 low-pressure heater (6), a No. 7 low-pressure heater (7), a No. 8 low-pressure heater (8), a shaft seal heater (16) and a condenser (14);
the drainage flow measuring device (17) is arranged on a drainage pipeline between the No. 7 low-pressure heater (7) and the No. 8 low-pressure heater (8); and the condensate flow measuring device (18) is arranged on a drain pipeline between the No. 8 low-pressure heater (8) and the condenser (14).
2. The system for calculating the steam discharge characteristic of a low pressure cylinder according to claim 1, wherein: the high-pressure cylinder (9), the intermediate-pressure cylinder (10) and the low-pressure cylinder (11) are communicated with the boiler (12) through drain pipes.
3. The system for calculating the steam release characteristic of a low pressure cylinder of claim 1, wherein: the condenser (14) is communicated with the condensate pump (15) and the shaft seal heater (16) through a drain pipeline.
4. The system and method for calculating the steam discharge characteristic of a low pressure cylinder according to claim 1, wherein: the deaerator (4) is communicated with a water feeding pump turbine (19) through a drainage pipeline.
5. The method for calculating the steam exhaust characteristic of the low-pressure cylinder is characterized in that the steam inlet flow of a No. 8 low-pressure heater (8) is calculated based on the hydrophobic flow measured by a hydrophobic flow measuring device (17), and the steam inlet flow of a No. 7 low-pressure heater (7) is obtained by combining the heat balance calculation of the No. 5 low-pressure heater (5) and the heat balance calculation of the No. 6 low-pressure heater (6), so that the steam exhaust characteristic parameter is obtained; the method comprises the following steps:
s1, calculating the steam-water flow of a high-medium pressure part;
s2, calculating the steam-water flow of the low-pressure part;
and S3, calculating the flow balance of the heater.
6. The method of calculating the low pressure cylinder steam discharge characteristic of claim 5, comprising, in step S1, the steps of:
s10, obtaining the steam flow entering each high-pressure heater by using the condensate flow at the inlet of the deaerator (4) as a reference through iterative calculation of the feedwater flow and heat balance calculation of the high-pressure heaters;
and S11, combining with the measurement or calculation of the auxiliary flow to obtain the steam-water flow of the whole high-middle pressure part, wherein the steam-water flow comprises the main steam flow, the high-pressure cylinder exhaust steam flow, the middle-pressure cylinder steam inlet flow and the middle-pressure cylinder exhaust steam flow.
7. The method of calculating the low pressure cylinder discharge characteristic of claim 5, comprising the step of, in step S2:
s20, obtaining the flow of the condensate water entering the deaerator (4) according to existing measuring points on site, starting with a low-pressure heater with the highest pressure and the highest pressure, calculating the steam inlet amount of each heater backwards step by step until the steam extraction is in front of a heater with wet steam, and directly calculating the steam inlet amount and the dewatering amount of each heater;
s21, measuring the drain total flow of the last-stage low-pressure addition through a drain flow measuring device (17), and subtracting the drain flow of the penultimate stage from the flow to obtain the extraction steam flow of the last-stage low-pressure addition;
and S22, obtaining the exhaust steam flow of the low pressure cylinder according to the calculation result of the steam extraction amount of each heater of the low pressure cylinder and auxiliary flow measurement or calculation.
8. The method of calculating the steam discharge characteristic of a low pressure cylinder according to claim 5, wherein in step S3, the heater flow balance calculation model comprises the following:
a. heat balance of No. 1 high pressure heater (1):
G feed water ·(h Yielding water 1 -h Inflow 1 )＝G Admission 1 ·(h Admission 1 -h Hydrophobic 1 )#(1)；
b. The No. 2 high-pressure heater (2) is in heat balance:
G feed water ·(h Yielding water 2 -h Inflow 2 )＝G Admission 2 ·(h Admission 2 -h Hydrophobic 2 )+G Admission 1 ·(h Hydrophobic 1 -h Hydrophobic 2 )#(2)；
c. The No. 3 high-pressure heater (3) is in heat balance:
G feed water ·(h Water outlet 3 -h Inlet water 3 )＝G Admission 3 ·(h Admission 3 -h Hydrophobic 3 )+(G Admission 1 +G Admission 2 )·(h Hydrophobic 2 -h Hydrophobic 3 )#(3)；
d. Thermal equilibrium of the deaerator (4):
e. no. 5 low-pressure heater (5) thermal balance:
G condensed water ·(h Yielding water 5 -h Inflow 5 )＝G Admission of steam 5 ·(h Admission of steam 5 -h Hydrophobic 5 )#(5)；
f. Heat balance of No. 6 low-pressure heater (6):
G condensed water ·(h Yielding water 6 -h Inlet water 6 )＝G Admission 6 ·(h Admission 6 -h Hydrophobic 6 )+G Admission of steam 5 ·(h Hydrophobic 5 -h Hydrophobic 6 )#(6)；
Wherein G is Feed water Feed water flow [ t/h ] through a high-pressure heater]；
G Admission of steam -heater inlet flow [ t/h [ ]]；
G Inflow water 、G Discharging water -water flow rate [ t/h ] at inlet and outlet of heater]；
h Inflow water 、h Discharging water Enthalpy of water at inlet and outlet of heater kJ/kg]；
h Admission of steam 、h Hydrophobic Heater steam admission, water drainage enthalpy [ kJ/kg [)]；
Subscripts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 represent a high-pressure heater No. 1-3, a deaerator, and a low-pressure heater No. 5-6, respectively.
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