CN1157886A

CN1157886A - Lever clutch and lever brake

Info

Publication number: CN1157886A
Application number: CN 96101648
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈坤
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1996-02-18
Filing date: 1996-02-18
Publication date: 1997-08-27
Anticipated expiration: 2016-02-18
Also published as: CN1076802C; AU1866097A; WO1997030293A1

Abstract

Friction clutches and friction brakes for mechanical transmissions and automobiles. A lever block assembly is invented having two sets of lever force ratios multiplied together to produce a fanciful effect. The operating force is several to several tens of times smaller than other clutches and brakes of the same load carrying capacity. Its lever ratio can be quickly changed, its operation stroke is short, and its separation is complete. The volume of the lever mechanism is more than ten times smaller than that of other lever mechanisms when the labor-saving effect is the same. The operating stroke is also several to dozen times smaller. The lever mechanism overcomes the defects that the volume and the operation stroke are greatly increased after the labor-saving effect of the existing lever mechanism is increased, and can provide larger abrasion amount.

Description

Lever clutch and lever brake

The present invention is a kind of friction clutch and friction brake, and it belongs to mechanically operated technical field.Clutch and break are mainly by driving link and driven member, and pressing piece and control system composition.

Clutch and break are the extremely important basic components of a class in the machine driven system, the effect of clutch is to make transmission or the separation that realizes motion or power between driving link in the machinery and the driven member, and friction clutch has the advantage of smooth engagement under the bigger state of driving link and driven member slip.And friction brake has the advantage of gradual braking under the bigger state of driven member (rotating component) and driving link (fixed block) slip.Therefore they have obtained to use widely in every field such as machinery, chemical industry, light textile, traffic, metallurgy, mines, and particularly the application on automobile is more extensive and important.Friction clutch is all realized engaging and braking by producing frictional force between principal and subordinate's moving part with friction brake, thereby working method is identical.Friction brake can maneuvering motion be delivered on the rotary component, thereby structure is simpler than clutch, so people often study friction clutch and friction brake, design and make as same base part owing to there is a main part to fix.An important kind of clutch is that external force is handled friction clutcch, and wherein a kind of be the mechanical type friction clutch, and its manpower commonly used goes controlled clutch to engage or separation.As normally closed disc type mechanical clutch commonly used on the automobile, its joint is to make between principal and subordinate's moving part by spring force to compress, thereby makes generation frictional force between them come transmitting movement and power.When it separates be foot-operated power by the people through lever system or hydraulic system pressure spring, thereby make clutch separation.Shortcomings such as manned mechanical clutch owing to people's strength and control run are limited, thereby has transmitting torque little, and labor intensity is big, and volume is big.

In mechanical friction clutch, have and a kind ofly adopt the clutch of exerting pressure, reflection is arranged as 90-102 page or leaf in the clutch configuration atlas with lever.This clutch be owing to will consider to separate and want to produce enough big gap between the principal and subordinate moving part of back and make clutch separation thorough, and to reduce wear and problem such as frictional loss, adding the volume that will make it can not be too big, and the wear extent of abundance also will be arranged behind the joint.Thereby its lever force-saving ratio can not be too big, thereby limited its purposes greatly, and it generally only is used for the occasion of middle low power.

And pneumatic, hydraulic friction clutches has volume little, and carry-over moment is big, realizes advantages such as control automatically easily, but complex structure is also arranged, and reliability is lower than hand control clutch, the shortcoming that manufacture cost and user cost are high.

The frictin braek that uses on automobile generally is divided into drum-type and disc type, and drum brake useful energy factor is the advantage of some greatly, but has the shortcoming of machinery decline (heat fade) and water fade, thereby influences braking ability greatly, influences traffic safety.Though disk type braker does not have the shortcoming of machinery decline and water fade, usefulness factor smaller (generally only being 1), thereby steering force will increase much or could satisfy with power assist the needs of braking.Thereby also limited its application greatly.Even low and middle-grade cars all can't all adopt, generally all be drum behind the shroud.

Another important branch of friction clutch is a friction overdrive clutch, and it is a kind of variation or the conversion of sense of rotation and clutch of engaging or separate automatically with speed.Do not see after it is improved the example of smooth engagement with the need or separation.Do not see the free wheel device that disc type is arranged." the clutch configuration atlas " that above clutch and break are write in section Guanghan 1985, National Defense Industry Press publishes, on the books among 51 pages of-81 pages of 247-255, G Niemann H Wen Teer by the Germany is shown " mechanical parts " the 3rd volume Chinese translation, 1991, China Machine Press publishes, the 29 chapter friction clutch and friction brake, 222 pages-291 pages.Compile in " Automobile Design " Jilin Industry University automobile teaching and research room, China Machine Press publishes nineteen eighty-three, the 451-489 page or leaf, and " Automobile Engineering Manual " second fascicle, the Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan meeting, the bright grade of holt compiled China Machine Press, publishes the 258-310 page or leaf and all clutch, break done detailed introduction in 1984.

The objective of the invention is the deficiency at above-mentioned friction clutcch and break existence, and a class that provides is easy to control, steering force is especially little, and bearing capacity is big, and volume is little, and is simple in structure, engages and brake clutch and break stably.

Lever clutch of the present invention and lever brake, its embodiment is, driving link (dish or ring or axle) is arranged, driven member (dish or ring or axle) is arranged, operating mechanism is arranged, lever block is arranged, between control piece (dish or ring or piece) and platen (or pressure ring or briquetting) or driven member, be provided with lever block, the two stressed A of place and the B of lever block are curved surface, the A curved surface of lever block is connected with control piece, the B curved surface of lever block is connected with driven member or platen (or pressure ring or briquetting), and another force side C of lever block is curved surface or inclined-plane, and the C end is connected with pusher dog.

At the end brake at the end at the lever clutch joint with break, at this moment in 1 quadrant of another force side C in rectangular coordinate system on the lever block or in 4 quadrants, on the lever block in the instantaneous O1 of A curved surface or point of contact A ' 2 quadrants in rectangular coordinate system or in 3 quadrants, and the instantaneous O of B curved surface or point of contact B ' are at round spot.Perhaps lever clutch engage at the end with the lever brake braking at the end, when in 2 quadrants of C end in rectangular coordinate system or in 3 quadrants, instantaneous O1 or point of contact A ' are in 1 quadrant or in 4 quadrants, and the instantaneous O of B curved surface or point of contact B ' are at round spot.

The preferable embodiment of lever clutch of the present invention and lever brake is: platen (or pressure ring or briquetting) preferably is set between lever block and the driven member.The A curved surface of lever block is preferably protruding curved surface, is preferably protruding garden cambered surface or sphere.B curved surface on the lever block is preferably recessed curved surface, is preferably recessed garden cambered surface or sphere.C curved surface on the lever block is preferably protruding curved surface, is preferably protruding garden cambered surface.The b curved surface that is connected with lever block on the platen is preferably protruding curved surface for the same or analogous curved surface that the B curved surface with lever block compensates mutually, is preferably protruding identical or a little bit smaller garden cambered surface or sphere.The a curved surface that is connected with lever block on the control piece, be the same or analogous curved surface that compensates mutually with the A curved surface of lever block, be preferably concave curved surface, be preferably recessed identical or bigger garden cambered surface or sphere, contacting point C with pusher dog on the lever block is line or point or a facet, on pusher dog, rolling element can be set, be preferably roller.Brake at the end with lever brake when lever clutch engages at the end, the instantaneous O2 of lever block C curved surface is preferably in 1 quadrant or 2 quadrants.

The further embodiment of the present invention is: when lever clutch and lever brake are disc type, be preferably in supporting disk (or piece) is set between control piece and support or the compensation device, and the commentaries on classics casting die can be set between platen and support, during as break, one group or uneven distribution can only be set the lever block assembly is set.

Lever clutch of the present invention and lever brake embodiment preferably are: on the driven member or between supporting disk and the support blank compensation apparatus or automatic backlash compensation device can be set.

The drawing of accompanying drawing is described as follows:

Figure 1B face is convex surface and is some contact, not the lever of pressure ring from

Close device and lever brake.

Fig. 2 lever block A curved surface is a protruding garden cambered surface, and a curved surface is for to compensate also mutually with A

Identical garden cambered surface, the B curved surface is a recessed garden cambered surface on the lever block, and

The b curved surface is for compensating and identical garden cambered surface thick stick mutually on the platen with B

The C curved surface is the lever clutch and the lever of protruding garden cambered surface on the bar piece

Break.

D-D sectional view on Fig. 3 Fig. 2

Fig. 4 driven member is ring, and control piece is the lever clutch and the lever of axle

Break

The force analysis sketch of Fig. 5 lever block

Positive pressure is found the solution sketch on Fig. 6 lever block

Fig. 7 control force and the sketch of finding the solution that transmits power

The motion analysis sketch of Fig. 8 lever block

The C end is recessed garden arc on Fig. 9 pusher dog, and the C end is little garden arc on the lever block,

And it is relative with skewed slot on active pusher dog and the control piece by the control sliding sleeve

Move, thereby the rotating lever piece comes solenoidoperated cluthes to engage and divides

From, and the lever of braking is braked and removed to the control brake device

Clutch and lever brake.

The sectional view of Figure 10 Fig. 9

The K of Figure 11 Figure 10 is to partial view

The B curved surface is a recessed garden arc on Figure 12 lever block, and a little bit smaller lever clutch of the garden arc B that the b curved surface on the briquetting compensates mutually than its correspondence and the partial view of lever brake.

B curved surface on Figure 13 lever block is recessed ellipse garden, and the b curved surface on the pressure ring is the lever clutch in a little bit smaller protruding ellipse garden and the partial view of lever brake

Figure 14 driven member and has supporting disk 7 for dish, and the A curved surface is recessed ellipse garden on the lever block, and control piece is a piece, and corresponding a curved surface is the smaller bi-curved lever clutch and the partial view of lever brake on the controll block.

The disc type lever clutch that a kind of automobile of Figure 15 is used

A-A partial view on Figure 16 Figure 15 is illustrated as the ratchet structural drawing partly of automatic compensator

A kind of automobile of Figure 17 caliper disc lever brake

A-A partial view on Figure 18 Figure 17 is illustrated as the connection state that changes between casting die and the briquetting

Figure 19 is to being equipped with a pair of lever block group and the caliper disc lever brake that two groups of automatic compensators are arranged

The K of Figure 20 Figure 19 is to view

A kind of sectional view that is used for the gear shift sleeve of lathe or automobile speed-changing device of Figure 21

The left view of Figure 22 Figure 21

The present invention does further auspicious stating below in conjunction with accompanying drawing to their specific embodiment.With reference to Fig. 1-9 lever clutch of the present invention and lever brake, have driven member 3 (driven torus or driven shaft or driven disc, can be rotating component during as break) and driving link 1 (active allocated catch ring or driving disc, can be fixed block during as break), when principal and subordinate's moving part is the axle time-like, higher coaxality is arranged between them, can relatively rotate between principal and subordinate's moving part.Driven member 3 can be axle, shown in Fig. 1-3 and Fig. 5-9, also can be ring, as shown in Figure 4, and also can be for dish, shown in Figure 15-22.At this moment Dui Ying driving link 1 and platen 2 are also done correspondingly to change.Between control piece 4 and driven member 3, be provided with lever block 5.For reducing wear, conveniently controlling, be preferably in platen 2 (or pressure ring or briquetting) is set between lever block 5 and the driven member 3.A curved surface on the lever block 5 is connected with control piece 4, and the B curved surface of lever block 5 is connected with driven member 3 or platen 2, and the C end of lever block 5 is connected with pusher dog 6.Pusher dog 6 and driving link 1 or supporting disk 7 or support 25 are affixed.

A on the lever block 5, B curved surface can be the curved surfaces that protruding curved surface also can be recessed.Shown in Fig. 1-2 2.But comparatively speaking, the A curved surface on the lever block 5 is that convex surface is better, and the A curved surface is preferably protruding garden cambered surface or sphere.B curved surface on the lever block 5 is that concave curved surface is better, is preferably recessed garden cambered surface or sphere.The curve of the A on the lever block 5, B curved surface can be the some in hyperbola, parabola, ellipse garden etc., but is preferably garden arc or ball.The curved surface of C end is preferably inclined-plane or protruding curved surface on the lever block 5, is preferably protruding garden cambered surface.With the control piece 4 of A, the corresponding connection of B curved surface on the lever block 5 and a on the platen 2, b curved surface, for with lever block 5 on the curved surface that compensates mutually of A, B curved surface, be when A, B are convex surface on the lever block 5, a, b curved surface that control piece 4 is connected with correspondence on the platen 2 just are concave curved surface.When A, B were concave curved surface on the lever block 5, a, b curved surface corresponding on control piece 4 and the platen 2 were convex surface just.A, the b curved surface that is connected with lever block 5 on control piece 4 and the platen 2 be preferably compensation mutually and with lever 5 on A, the identical or approximate curved surface of B curved surface.A curved surface on the control piece 4 is preferably recessed and identical or bigger with A curved surface on the lever block 5 garden cambered surface or sphere, and the b curved surface on the platen 2 is preferably garden cambered surface or the sphere identical or smaller with the B curved surface on the lever block 5.The C force side of lever block 5 can be curved surface or inclined-plane, and the C curved surface is preferably protruding curved surface, is preferably protruding garden cambered surface.Pusher dog 6 is a little curved surface or a line with the surface of contact C end of lever block 5, or is the some contact.After satisfying intensity etc. and requiring, surface of contact is a little bit smaller for well between them, and smaller control force F1 afterwards is smaller and more stable.When lever block 5 engage to separate, it with the contact jaw of pusher dog 6 on lever block 5 hour, the C of pusher dog 6 holds can be concave curved surface, is preferably the garden cambered surface.As shown in Figure 5, platen (or pressure ring or briquetting) 2 is set preferably between lever block 5 and driven member 3, can improves the life-span and the performance of lever clutch and lever brake so greatly.For improving life-span and performance, between a of the A on the lever block 5, B curved surface and control piece 4 and platen 2, the b curved surface rolling elements such as needle roller, steel ball can be set.Also can establish roller at the C end.Lever clutch and lever brake except can resembling Fig. 1-10, be designed to shaft type, can also resemble and be designed to disc type Figure 15-22, to improve bearing capacity and life-span.

Come the working principle of lever clutch of the present invention and lever brake is done a description below in conjunction with Fig. 2-3.Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 are a kind of shaft type lever clutch or lever brakes that is provided with pressure ring 2.When driving link 1 and driven member 3 can both rotate is lever clutch, and when having only one can rotate between them, and another is a lever brake fixedly the time.Its working principle is, driving link 1 is when prime mover or other parts obtain moving, driving link 1 changes under the state of Fig. 2 counterclockwise, and at this moment solenoidoperated cluthes 8 are in separated state on the right, 31 pullings of 1 release spring are arranged between control piece 4 and the driving link 1 and puts in place.At this moment the promotion of lever block 5 and pressure ring 2 pusher dogs 6 down and under the effect of control piece 4 all to rotating counterclockwise and putting in place.At this moment lever clutch is in the state that separates or do not brake with lever brake.When needs engage or during braking, are moved to the left at solenoidoperated cluthes 8 under the effect of external force, and engage with the conical surface on the control ring 4 gradually.Because be connected with spline housing 10 between solenoidoperated cluthes 8 and the driven member 3, it can only move axially, and can not rotate with driven member 3.At this moment on control ring 4, produce one with the opposite frictional force of driving link 1 moving direction, behind the pulling force of this frictional force greater than spring 31, the rotating speed of control ring 4 slows down, and the rotating speed of allocated catch 6 does not reduce, at this moment lever block 5 under the effect of control ring 4 and pusher dog 6 to clockwise rotating, when tightening between driving link 1 and lever block 5 and pressure ring 2 and the driven member 3, lever block 5 is exerted pressure on the pressure ring 2 gradually, and is producing positive pressure and frictional force on the pressure ring 2 and between the driven member 3.When the positive pressure N that produces on all lever blocks 5 take advantage of between pressure ring 2 and the driven member 3 coefficientoffriction when being equal to or greater than load and imposing on resistance on the driven member 3, driven member 3 begins rotation, and reaches the rotating speed of driving link gradually.Lever clutch engages fully.

During as break, driven member 3 is fixing, and driving link 1 rotates counterclockwise.When solenoidoperated cluthes 8 with after the conical surface on the control piece 4 engages, lever block 5 is to clockwise rotating, lever brake begins braking after having produced frictional force between pressure ring 2 and the driven member 3, and driving link 1 is stopped, braking ends.

Fig. 5-7 is the force analysis figure of lever block 5.Fig. 8 is the motion analysis figure of lever block 5.The chucking of lever block 5 is under state shown in Figure 8, and the instantaneous O1 of A curved surface or point of contact A ' are chucking on the lever block 5 how can not turn to 1 quadrant under the effect of F1, P1, P and P2 when clockwise rotating the time.Among Fig. 5-7

F1---solenoidoperated cluthes 8 act on control on the lever block 5 through control piece 4

System power.

F---driven member 3 reacts on the frictional force of lever block 5 through pressure ring 2.

F2---pusher dog 6 acts on the component of P2 on X-axis of making a concerted effort on the lever block 5.

N---driven member 3 reacts on positive pressure on the lever block 5 through pressure ring 2.

N1---control piece 4 acts on the component of power P1 on Y-axis of lever block 5.

N2---pusher dog 6 acts on the component of P2 on Y-axis of making a concerted effort on the lever block 5.

Right angled coordinates among Fig. 5-8 is to set like this, lever clutch engages end of a period and lever brake is braked at the end, also cross O or B ' work one straight line from the instantaneous O or the B ' (is B ' with the b curved surface for point contacts this point as the B curved surface) of control piece 4 instantaneous O3 at this moment B curved surface on lever block 5, and with the some of this straight line as the rectangular coordinate system Y-axis, and with O or B ' round spot as system of coordinates, and cross O or B ' point is made the straight line perpendicular to Y-axis, and with this straight line as X-axis.As the O3 among Fig. 1-13 all is the center of rotation of lever clutch and lever brake.During as control piece 4 moving linearlies (as Figure 14-20), its instantaneous O3 is in the infinite distant place perpendicular to moving direction so.At this moment the method for making Y-axis was that O point or B ' some work one straight line perpendicular to control piece 4 moving direction are Y-axis, and the direction of pointing to the A curved surface is the forward of Y-axis, and other is with above-mentioned.

From force analysis Fig. 5-7 as can be seen, the solenoidoperated cluthes 8 control force F1 that produces and act on lever block 5 can be far smaller than F and F2.From little several times to tens times even hundreds of times.Because the size of e and d can artificially design among Fig. 7.May cause the F1 less stable but e is too little.

Know the power F=N μ that lever block 5 can transmit from Fig. 5-7, F1=Fe/d, F2=F1+F, N1=N2h/l, N=N1+N2, N2=F2tg α, μ is the friction factor between platen 2 and the driven member 3 in the formula.Have only when F≤N μ clutch to work non-skidly.Because e/d can design very for a short time, thereby can be very little to the control force of whole clutch.

When separation of needs lever clutch and lever brake brake off, as long as solenoidoperated cluthes 8 are moved right, it is separated with the conical surface of control piece 4, the power F1 on the lever block 5 disappears, at this moment lever block 5 needs only and is in self-locking state, and power such as the power P1 on the lever block 5, P2 all can disappear.It will be to rotating counterclockwise several angle under the effect of spring 31, thereby can produce the gap, clutch separation or break brake off between lever block 5 and pressure ring 2 and driven member 3 and control piece 4.

The easy control that this clutch and break have, bearing capacity is big, and volume is little, stable working, separating advantage such as thorough all is owing to use lever block 5 to produce.The first, be that e/d can be very little, thereby steering force can be very little, handle easily, the secondth, h/l can be bigger, i.e. (1+h/l) tg α of positive pressure N=F1 (1+d/e), when getting 45 ° as α tg α be 1. and the d/e between 10-50, h/l is general 〉=5.

Thereby N is generally about 200 times of Fl since the value of friction factor about 0.05-0.3 thereby control force F 1 have only its to transmit and 10-60/one of braking force F.Certainly can also increase and reduce above parameter as the case may be.

(1+d/e) is the product of the force increasing ratio of two levers (1+h/l) as can be seen from formula, thereby laborsaving effect is fairly obvious, superior a lot of times than other leverage.

I once calculated existing commonly used a kind of lever construction, when force increasing ratio during at 19 times, and had after engaging under the situation with the identical wear extent of lever clutch, and its volume is big 15 times.

The 3rd is owing to only used a lever block 5 can produce two lever force-savings than the effect of multiplying each other, thereby it is littler than other reinforcement mode volume, and other part is few.Behind lever block 5 chuckings, also have enough wear extenies simultaneously.When A, C curved surface are protruding garden cambered surface, B is recessed garden cambered surface.A, b curved surface are the garden cambered surface identical or approximate with A, B, when the instantaneous O2 of C curved surface is in 1 quadrant or 2 quadrants on the lever block 5.When joint and braking process, the variation of h is very little, and e diminishes rapidly.When separation and releasing braking, h changes also very little, and e increases rapidly.This means that clutch and break can promptly enter the working zone and produce big gap rapidly, thoroughly separate.Can bring the very little advantage of control run like this.And other boosting mechanism when bigger reinforcement effect is arranged volume and control run become very big.This point also is that other boosting mechanism can't be compared, as long as design to such an extent that α basically can be constant when separating engaging when O2 is in 1,2 quadrants.Thereby be directed at engage and when separating the C end make garden Zhou Yundong, it is very easy to make its engage separation.And can not establish complicated mechanism when design disc type lever clutch and lever brake in addition comes platen 2 location.Also be that A, B, C and a, five curved surfaces of b are preferably one of reason of garden cambered surface.Because A, B and a, b curved surface be the garden cambered surface of compensation mutually, thereby contact stress descends, and the life-span rises, and A, B, C and a, five curved surfaces of b will help easy to process for the garden cambered surface greatly and the reduction manufacture cost.It below also is one of reason of their garden cambered surfaces of being preferably mutually compensation.Certainly must be more greatly a curved design than A curved surface, the b curved design must be more a little bit smaller than B curved surface also be one of the best way in order to handiness.

When design, should also be noted that, when lever clutch is engaging end of a period and lever brake in braking at the end, the contact jaw C of lever block 5 and pusher dog is in 1 quadrant of rectangular coordinate system or in 4 quadrants time, the instantaneous O of B curved surface or point of contact B ' are at round spot, and the instantaneous O1 of A curved surface or point of contact A ' are in 2 quadrants of rectangular coordinate system or in 3 quadrants.When contact jaw C was in 2 quadrants or in 3 quadrants, O or B ' were at round spot, and O1 or A ' are in 1 quadrant or in 4 limits.When A, b, C curved surface are that the garden cambered surface is right, the garden heart of these 3 garden arcs is the instantaneous of them.Should also be noted that of the influence of the surface friction drag of A, a curved surface and B, the generation of b curved surface when designing certainly to steering force.

Because lever block 5 can supply the amount of wearing and tearing less in clutch with after brake engages ends and braking ends, for being compensated, it can on clutch and break, compensation device be set, tapered pressure ring 2 among Fig. 3, spline housing 10, nut 9 are exactly a kind of manual compensation device.When needs compensate,, can compensate as long as rotating nut 9 makes spline housing 10 to moving to left.Fig. 2 for a kind of can only rotate counterclockwise or driven member 3 when doing initiatively can only to clockwise rotate could proper functioning lever clutch and lever brake.And Fig. 1 is the lever clutch of the equal energy of a kind of two-way rotation proper functioning and the structural drawing of lever brake.At this moment as long as the anti-mutually dress of lever block 5.Want to make lever clutch and lever brake to engage and braking.As long as make lever block 5 chuckings.Thereby being a kind of skewed slot 29 that utilizes as Fig. 9-11 makes control piece 4 promote the structural drawing that lever block 5 rotations make clutch separate with brake engages and brake and remove braking.

Introduce another routine embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 15.The normally closed single plate clutch of the dry pan formula band torsion Vibration spring that accompanying drawing 15 is used for a kind of automobile, its driving link 1 is the flywheel of motor, its driven member 3 is a chip.Its working principle is as follows, zygote 35 is pressed in earlier on the separator levers 12 to moving to left during separation, and then be pressed on the gap lever 11, steel cable 21 pulling bullets on the separator levers 12 are given birth to lever 20 and spring 17, the pressure that they are acted on the pressure axis 14 fades away, and the pressure that acts on C end on the lever block 5 is faded away, at this moment separator levers 12 is continued to press down, in controlling rod 32 on the clamp 19 shifting lever pieces 5 on the wire rope 21 and generation,, moving lever block 5 was to clockwise rotating, thereby make between platen 2 and the driven member 3 and produce the gap, last thoroughly separation.It is the gap of adjusting pressure axis 14 and lever block 5C end that the purpose of adjusting screw rod 15 is set.The effect that gap lever 11 is set is in order to guarantee that the gap that lever block 5 produces can produce between driven disc 3 and platen 2 and driving link, it will be started working after detaching direction turns an angle and produces certain interval at lever block 5, and with the rotational synchronization of lever block 5.

Working principle when it engages is as follows, and when pedal was depressed, zygote 35 was at left end, and driven disc 3 is motionless, and other parts all rotate with driving link 1.When zygote moves right under the effect that pedal loosens, separator levers 12 rotates counterclockwise, platen 2 is moved to the left under the effect of location stage clip 23 and pushes down driven disc 3 at last, (elastic force of stage clip 23 is very weak, only works to promote platen 3 and locatees, and it can not produce big positive pressure) at platen 2 when moving to left, platen 2 and lever block 5, control piece 4, also gapped between the supporting disk, controlling rod 32 rotates counterclockwise simultaneously.Lever block 5 under the effect of combined spring 18 to rotating counterclockwise and putting in place, C end on the lever block 5 can be contacted with pressure axis 14, at this moment spring rod 20 under the effect of the spring 17 of exerting pressure to rotating counterclockwise, and under the situation that zygote continues to move to left, the C end of lever block 5 passed to the elastic force of the spring 17 of exerting pressure gradually by spring rod 20 through pressure axis 14, lever block 5 produces big pressure gradually and presses to driven disc 3 through platen 2, and lever clutch engages gradually.Platen 2 is driven through driving steel disc 26 by shell 25.Be that lever block 5 no longer bears garden Zhou Li, only produce positive pressure, the single plate clutch of being exerted pressure by spring commonly used on this point and the present automobile is the same.

For guaranteeing that clutch still can proper functioning after wearing and tearing, on clutch, be provided with automatic compensator.Its working principle is as follows, when driving link 1, and driven disc 3, platen 2 is on the β angle increased when the wearing and tearing that produce with lever block 5 all were reflected in lever block 5 chuckings at last.After β increased to certain value, the ratchet 33 on the controlling rod 32 stretched out and blocks automatic compensation ratchet 22.At this moment as long as clutch one separates, ratchet 33 is stirred ratchet to the several angle that clockwise rotates shown in Figure 16, screw thread on the ratchet 22 just promotes supporting disk 7 and is moved to the left a bit, thereby make wearing and tearing obtain certain compensation, owing to obtained compensation, lever block 5 β angle when next time engaging will reduce, and ratchet 33 not necessarily blocks ratchet 22.Thereby it is a kind of automatic compensator of ladder-type.Often use this automatic compensator in the break on the automobile now, reliability is very high.

Clutch shown in Figure 15 since with spring 17 exert pressure gradually thus engagement characteristics hold not good, engage to separate very smooth-going because the C on pressure axis 14 and the lever block 5 holds the gap after separating can be especially little.Thereby it is little more several to tens times than existing one chip automobile clutch to engage the steering force that separates.And driven disc 2 energy reverse direction actuation driving links 1, thereby can realize the trailer startup and can brake with motor.

The caliper disc lever brake that Figure 17 uses for a kind of automobile, its working principle is identical with the lever clutch shown in Figure 15-16, and the working principle of automatic compensator is also identical.It has the following aspects different with the lever clutch shown in Figure 15-16, and the firstth, its lever block assembly has only one group, and (can certainly be several groups) will evenly not be provided with many groups as lever clutch.The secondth, the C of lever block 5 holds spring of no use to exert pressure (can certainly C end exert pressure with spring), and the 3rd is that this caliper disc brake is open in usual, the external force effect it the time be braking state.Being that tense wire rope 21 is braking, is brake off and loosen wire rope 21.After loosening wire rope 21, lever block 5 clockwise rotates under the effect of release spring 31.The 4th is not exert pressure with spring owing to not adopting at the C end, be reliable operation, adopted one group to change casting die 27, it can be the frictional reaction that produces between rolling disc 3 and the briquetting 2 after 90 ° of commentaries on classics casting die 27 commentaries on classics act on platen 2, remake the C end that is used for lever block 5, thereby bring in supporting braking force with C.Can make break under the littler situation of steering force, produce bigger braking force like this, and make its work more reliable.Certainly the frictional force of braking generation is all passed to support 30 at last.Lever block 5 is provided with like this, and it is exactly that automobile advances to that to move back right braking force all the same that another benefit is arranged.

Figure 19-20 is a kind of caliper disc brake of adorning two groups of lever block groups, and the purpose of adorning two groups of lever blocks 5 is in order to make the rolling disc clockwise and anticlockwise can both produce the same braking force.Can make automobile advance, retreat to obtain identical braking force if be used for automobile,, thereby need not be provided with and change casting die 27 because the braking force that produces on the platen 2 directly acts on the C end of lever block 5.

More than these two kinds of caliper disc system devices, do not have the advantage of heat fade and water fade except having caliper disc brake commonly used now, its steering force is littler tens times than caliper disc brake commonly used, thereby under with the situation of same legpower, can produce, improve automobile and other mechanical Security greatly than the big tens times braking force of caliper disc brake commonly used now.Also expanded the application area (as can be used on the various load-carrying vehicles) of caliper disc brake widely, guaranteed that the prerequisite of using also can significantly reduce the part of Brake System, reduces manufacturing cost and use cost, and improves functional reliability greatly.

Figure 21-22 is a kind of a kind of disc type lever clutch that is used for lathe and automotive transmission, and it also can be used as the break use certainly.This clutch is the same with the working principle of other disc type lever clutch, only its volume is smaller, because its diameter is less, and the material of driven disc 3 is a metal, so the gap after it separates can be smaller, thereby do not establish the mechanism that separates platen 2.Also can in above-mentioned caliper disc lever brake and disc type lever clutch, establish the gap return spring, rotate for making driven disc 3 when engaging, can drive driving link 1, thereby realize that trailer starts and utilizes engine braking, the axis of its lever block 5 does not act on its main frictional force vertical but parallel installation with platen 2.Thereby between briquetting 2 and support 30, commentaries on classics casting die 27 has been installed.This lever clutch is engaged separate, move and to realize as long as handle control flip sleeve 28.Control between flip sleeve 28 and the driven shaft 3 to movingly.

The present invention compares the advantage that following several respects are arranged with friction clutch now commonly used with brake:

Since adopted lever block this have two levers multiply each other effect in addition Part and structure, thus make steering force especially little, generally than friction now commonly used Clutch and friction brake are little several to tens times, even hundreds of times, very hold Easily controlled, provided a kind of good for realizing that electromechanical integration is controlled automatically Parts.

2. because its steering force is especially little, can greatly simplify its Control System, As originally using the control system of hydraulic pressure or air assisted, now all can be direct Handle, thereby greatly reduce manufacturing cost and use cost, and improved it can Lean on property.

3. its is simple in structure, and volume is little, processes very convenient.

4. because it in the very little situation of steering force, can produce very big Normal pressure, thus can adopt in a large number long material of little and life-span of coefficient of friction to do Fastness. And can adopt in a large number the wet type structure, thereby greatly improved clutch Life-span.

5. after this brake is used on the automobile, the braking that can greatly improve automobile Performance, and overcome the low shortcoming of brake force that has spot-type disc brake now. Overcome Existing drum brake has the shortcoming of heat fading and water fade, reduces by 20% car Misfortune.

6. because the steering force of this break is very little and control system is very simple, thereby can integrate service brake and emergency braking system and parking braking, simplify the structure of Brake System greatly and reduce other parts, improve reliability and Security, significantly reduce manufacture cost and user cost.

7. because the steering force of this break is very little.To very easy design simple and reliable anti-lock braking system after being used on the automobile to it.

8. also can be developed into various mechanical type automatic gearboxes easily with this clutch, thereby can alleviate driver's labor intensity greatly, reduce by 30% traffic accident.Reduce training drivers and take, improve the life-span of motor, power train 30--60%.

9. core of the present invention has been to invent laborsaving mode and the structure that multiplies each other in a kind of labor-saving effect that two levers are arranged, it can not only be used for clutch and break, also can be used for other and need the place, labour-saving, as make bench vice, the hold-down mechanism of making in the anchor clamps that various lathes use is medium.Thereby it will be to mechanical industry and the machinery very big influence of control generation automatically.

Claims

1. one kind is used for mechanically operated lever clutch and lever brake, driving link (dish or ring or axle) [1] is arranged, driven member (dish or ring or axle) [3] is arranged, operating mechanism is arranged, lever block [5] is arranged, it is characterized in that: between control piece (dish or ring or piece) [4] and platen (or pressure ring or briquetting) [2] or driven member [3], be provided with lever block [5], the two stressed A of place and the B of lever block [5] are curved surface, the A curved surface of lever block [5] is connected with control piece [4], the B curved surface of lever block [5] is connected with driven member [3] or platen (or pressure ring or briquetting) [2], another force side C of lever block [5] is curved surface or inclined-plane, and the C end is connected with pusher dog [6];

At the end brake at the end at the lever clutch joint with break, at this moment in 1 quadrant of another force side C in rectangular coordinate system on the lever block [5] or in 4 quadrants, in the instantaneous O1 of the last A curved surface of lever block [5] or 2 quadrants of point of contact A ' in rectangular coordinate system or in 3 quadrants, and the instantaneous O of B curved surface or point of contact B ' are at round spot;

Perhaps lever clutch engage at the end with the lever brake braking at the end, when in 2 quadrants of C end in rectangular coordinate system or in 3 quadrants, instantaneous O1 or point of contact A ' are in 1 quadrant or in 4 quadrants, and the instantaneous O of B curved surface or point of contact B ' are at round spot.

2. lever clutch according to claim 1 and lever brake is characterized in that: platen (or pressure ring or briquetting) [2] preferably is set between lever block [5] and the driven member [3]; The A curved surface of lever block [5] is preferably protruding curved surface, is preferably protruding garden cambered surface or sphere; B curved surface on the lever block [5] is preferably recessed curved surface, is preferably recessed garden cambered surface or sphere; C curved surface on the lever block [5] is preferably protruding curved surface, is preferably protruding garden cambered surface; The b curved surface that platen [2] upward is connected with lever block [5] is preferably protruding curved surface for the same or analogous curved surface that the B curved surface with lever block [5] compensates mutually, is preferably protruding identical or a little bit smaller garden cambered surface or sphere; Control piece [4] is gone up a curved surface that is connected with lever block [5], and the same or analogous curved surface for the A curved surface with lever block [5] compensates mutually is preferably concave curved surface, is preferably recessed identical or bigger garden cambered surface or sphere; Lever block [5] is gone up and the contacting point C of pusher dog [6] is line or point or a facet, and rolling element [36] can be set on pusher dog [6], is preferably roller; Brake at the end with lever brake when lever clutch engages at the end, the instantaneous O2 of lever block [5] C curved surface is preferably in 1 quadrant or 2 quadrants.

3. according to right 2 described lever clutch and lever brakes, it is characterized in that: when lever clutch and lever brake are disc type, be preferably between control piece [4] and support [25] or the compensation device [22] supporting disk (or piece) [7] is set, and commentaries on classics casting die [27] can be set between platen [2] and support [30]; During as disk type braker, one group or uneven distribution can only be set the lever block assembly is set.

4. according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described lever clutch and lever brakes, it is characterized in that: upward or between supporting disk [7] and the support [25] blank compensation apparatus or automatic backlash compensation device can be set at driven member [3].