CN115788568B - Tunnel ground waterproof and drainage structure and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Tunnel ground waterproof and drainage structure and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115788568B CN115788568B CN202211378381.8A CN202211378381A CN115788568B CN 115788568 B CN115788568 B CN 115788568B CN 202211378381 A CN202211378381 A CN 202211378381A CN 115788568 B CN115788568 B CN 115788568B
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 214
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 117
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005465 channeling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/60—Planning or developing urban green infrastructure
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- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a tunnel ground waterproof and drainage structure and a construction method thereof, wherein the tunnel ground waterproof and drainage structure comprises a cushion layer, a drainage layer, a waterproof layer, a leveling layer and a surface layer which are sequentially arranged on a tunnel ground plain soil surface, a plurality of drainage ditches are further arranged in the tunnel ground plain soil surface, and water grates are arranged on the drainage ditches; the drainage layer is internally provided with a plurality of drainage half pipes, the pipe body of each drainage half pipe is provided with a plurality of openings, each drainage half pipe is positioned between adjacent drainage ditches, and two ends of each drainage half pipe are respectively reversely buckled on the corresponding water grate. This tunnel ground water proof and drainage structure carries out institutional advancement through the drainage layer to locating under the waterproof layer, in advance through the drainage layer with infiltration drainage to escape canal under the waterproof prerequisite of guaranteeing, especially can be fast with infiltration drainage to the tunnel of high water pressure and/or groundwater very abundant. The drainage of the water flow further avoids the waterproof layer from being soaked by water, thereby further improving the waterproof effect of the waterproof layer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel waterproof construction, in particular to a tunnel ground waterproof and drainage structure and a construction method thereof.
Background
In the tunnel construction process, particularly in the construction process of extremely high water pressure tunnels, the water-proof engineering is the most critical one. The current common waterproof and drainage measures of tunnel ground mainly comprise primary lining concrete and waterproof mortar protection, non-woven geotextile isolation, filtration and drainage, waterproof coiled material water prevention, secondary lining concrete and finally paving a ground surface layer. The specific construction method is generally as follows: spraying and/or pouring primary lining concrete on the surface of the tunnel plain soil to form a construction base surface, spraying waterproof mortar, paving a waterproof coiled material, fixing by using fixing nails, covering non-woven fabrics on the surface of the waterproof coiled material, leveling the secondary lining concrete, and performing surface decoration.
The construction method can play a role in water-proof in a short term, but because the waterproof coiled material is used, gaps exist between the fixing nails and the coiled material, the non-woven fabric is positioned on the outer layer of the waterproof coiled material, a invisible water channeling layer is easy to form, and after long-term use, the non-woven fabric is soaked by the water seepage along the fixing nails and is damaged by water from the deep part of the non-woven fabric to the secondary lining and the surface layer. Meanwhile, the waterproof coiled material is tightly attached to the road surface, has a waterproof effect but has no drainage effect, and can not effectively drain water seepage for tunnels with extremely high water pressure and/or extremely abundant groundwater, so that the waterproof coiled material and the fixing nail area are soaked for a long time to cause water seepage out of the waterproof coiled material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a tunnel ground waterproof and drainage structure and a construction method thereof, which improve the waterproof effect and avoid water seepage and water leakage from damaging the tunnel structure.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the tunnel ground waterproof and drainage structure comprises a cushion layer, a drainage layer, a waterproof layer, a leveling layer and a surface layer which are sequentially arranged on a tunnel ground plain soil surface, wherein a plurality of drainage ditches are further arranged in the tunnel ground plain soil surface, the drainage ditches extend upwards to the junction of the cushion layer and the drainage layer, and a water grate is arranged on the drainage ditches; the drainage layer is internally provided with a plurality of drainage half pipes, the pipe body of each drainage half pipe is provided with a plurality of openings, each drainage half pipe is positioned between adjacent drainage ditches, and two ends of each drainage half pipe are respectively reversely buckled on the corresponding water grate.
This tunnel ground water proof and drainage structure carries out institutional advancement through the drainage layer to locating under the waterproof layer, in advance through the drainage layer with infiltration drainage to escape canal under the waterproof prerequisite of guaranteeing, especially can be fast with infiltration drainage to the tunnel of high water pressure and/or groundwater very abundant. The drainage of the water flow further avoids the waterproof layer from being soaked by water, thereby further improving the waterproof effect of the waterproof layer.
In the scheme, the cushion layer is arranged on the surface of the plain soil of the tunnel ground to serve as a construction base surface, so that subsequent construction is facilitated. The drainage layer is used as a waterproof first defense line, and plain soil seepage water on the ground of the tunnel can be discharged into drainage ditches on two sides of the tunnel along with the drainage layer through the water grate. The waterproof layer plays main waterproof effect under the drainage effect of drainage layer, can avoid the waterproof layer suffers the long-time soaking of water, and life and water-proof effects are stronger. The leveling layer is used for reinforcing the ground strength and rigidity of the tunnel, and meanwhile, the leveling layer is designed to be transverse slopes, longitudinal slopes and the like, so that good traffic conditions are provided for vehicles and/or personnel. The surface layer is used as the outermost layer of the tunnel ground waterproof and drainage structure, and plays a role in decoration and skid resistance.
The drainage half pipe can form three-dimensional drainage space, has catchment, drainage ability, drainage discharge after can collecting tunnel ground infiltration, and its dead weight is less, and the constructor of being convenient for installs, both conveniently lays the installation through the form of back-off also can form better arch bearing structure, makes it can satisfy certain driving load requirement. The holes and the water grate are arranged to facilitate the omnibearing automatic drainage in the drainage layer, the coverage range is wider, and the accumulation of local water can be avoided.
Further, the drainage layer is a crushed stone layer and comprises crushed stone aggregate grading with the particle size of 10-30 mm; the drainage half pipe is buried in the gravel layer, the convex surface of the drainage half pipe and the openings at the two ends are covered with geotechnical cloth, and the geotechnical cloth is extruded by means of crushed stone aggregate to enable the geotechnical cloth to be clung to the drainage half pipe.
In the technical scheme, the drainage layer is formed by combining and paving the drainage half pipe, the geotechnical cloth and the crushed stone aggregate, can bear large water pressure water seepage and drain the water seepage into a drainage ditch, and can avoid the damage of a waterproof layer caused by water seepage soaking the waterproof layer. Geotechnical cloth covers the convex surface of the drainage half pipe and seals the openings of the two ends of the drainage half pipe, and the drainage half pipe is tightly pressed by means of crushed stone aggregate, so that the drainage half pipe is protected, the pressure resistance of the drainage half pipe is enhanced, and meanwhile, the situation that water collection and drainage effects are affected due to the fact that water-proof half pipe openings are blocked by small-particle-size crushed stone possibly exists is prevented.
The crushed stone aggregate fills the distance between every two water draining half pipes, water seepage flow is carried out by utilizing gaps between crushed stones, and the water is discharged together with the water draining half pipes and the water draining ditches, and the aggregate with the grain size of 10-20 mm is selected.
Further, the drainage half pipe is a hard plastic drainage half pipe, and the ratio of the wall thickness of the drainage half pipe to the nominal diameter is at least 1:10; the holes are arranged in a quincuncial shape, the diameter of each hole is not smaller than the wall thickness of the drainage half pipe, and the distance between every two holes is more than 6 times of the diameter of each hole.
The adoption of the hard plastic drainage half pipe combines the wall thickness and the diameter ratio to ensure that the drainage half pipe has the characteristics of light weight, high impact resistance and high compressive strength; the holes of the flower shape are distributed, and the arrangement of reasonable aperture and interval is combined, so that regular water seepage holes can be formed when the overall strength performance of the drainage half pipe is not influenced, and water collection and drainage are facilitated.
Further, the diameter of the drainage half pipe is DN 30-DN 50, the wall thickness of the drainage half pipe is 2-5 mm, the distance between every two holes is 20-50 mm, and the diameter of each hole is 4-8 mm.
Furthermore, two drainage ditches are respectively arranged at two sides of the tunnel, the drainage half pipes are perpendicular to the drainage ditches, and the adjacent drainage half pipes are arranged at intervals of 1.8-2.5 m.
Further, the water grate is prefabricated by reinforced concrete, and holes with the length of 200mm and the width of 40mm are arranged in the middle of the water grate along the width parallel direction and are arranged at intervals of 85 mm; and geotechnical cloth is also arranged on the water grate and used for blocking broken stone aggregates in the drainage layer. The density of geotextile on the drainage half pipe and the water grate is 100g/m 2 -400g/m 2 Most preferably 250g/m 2 。
Further, the waterproof layer is formed by coating and solidifying waterproof mortar and waterproof paint, the cushion layer and the leveling layer are respectively formed by concrete pouring, the cushion layer is arranged on the surface of the tunnel ground plain soil to serve as a construction base surface, and the leveling layer is arranged on the surface of the waterproof layer; the surface layer is a ground paint layer and/or a wear-resistant layer, and the ground paint layer and/or the wear-resistant layer are arranged on the surface of the leveling layer.
The waterproof mortar layer sets up in drainage layer surface, provides the smooth construction basal plane in order to follow-up setting waterproof paint layer and prevent that water from oozing to waterproof paint layer in waterproof, waterproof paint layer can further provide waterproof reliability, and the coating spraying can effectively guarantee ground roughness and the altitude difference requirement. The leveling layer is arranged to fill up the surface of the waterproof layer, so that a flat structural base surface and a certain design gradient are formed, a floor paint layer and/or a wear-resistant layer formed by subsequent brushing are smoother, hollowness is not easy to generate, and the service life and the attractiveness of the structure are improved.
Further, the thickness of the cushion layer is 100-150 mm, and/or the thickness of the drainage layer is 40-50 mm, and/or the thickness of the waterproof layer is 10-15 mm, and/or the thickness of the leveling layer is 100-150 mm, and/or the thickness of the surface layer is 3-10 mm.
Further, a construction method of the tunnel ground waterproof and drainage structure comprises the following steps:
s1, pouring concrete on the excavated plain soil surface of the tunnel ground to form the cushion layer, and arranging drainage ditches on two sides of the tunnel ground;
s2, mounting the water grate on the drainage ditch, and paving geotextile on the surface of the water grate to cover the water holes of the water grate;
s3, reversely buckling the drainage half pipes on the surfaces of the cushion layer and the water grate, paving geotextiles on the surfaces of the drainage half pipes, paving crushed stone aggregates between every two drainage half pipes, forming a drainage layer, and discharging water seepage on the ground of a tunnel into drainage ditches on two sides;
s4, coating waterproof mortar and waterproof paint on the drainage layer to form a waterproof layer;
s5, pouring concrete on the waterproof layer to form a leveling layer;
and S6, spraying wear-resistant paint and/or spreading wear-resistant aggregate on the leveling layer to form a surface layer, namely finishing the construction of the tunnel ground waterproof and drainage structure.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. according to the tunnel ground waterproof and drainage structure, the drainage layer arranged below the waterproof layer is structurally improved, water seepage is discharged to the drainage ditch through the drainage layer in advance on the premise of guaranteeing water resistance, particularly, the water seepage can be rapidly discharged for tunnels with extremely high water pressure and/or very abundant groundwater, the water seepage is further prevented from being soaked by water by the water flow, and therefore the waterproof effect of the waterproof layer is further improved; 2. the drainage layer is used as a waterproof first defense line, and plain soil seepage water on the ground of the tunnel can be discharged into drainage ditches on two sides of the tunnel along with the drainage layer through the water grate. The waterproof layer plays a main waterproof role, and under the drainage effect of the drainage layer, the waterproof layer can be prevented from being soaked by water for a long time, and the service life and the waterproof effect are stronger; 3. the cushion layer is arranged on the surface of the plain soil of the tunnel ground and is used as a construction base surface, so that the subsequent construction is facilitated; the leveling layer is used for reinforcing the ground strength and rigidity of the tunnel, and meanwhile, the leveling layer is designed to be transverse slopes, longitudinal slopes and the like, so that good traffic conditions are provided for vehicles and/or personnel. The surface layer is used as the outermost layer of the tunnel ground waterproof and drainage structure, and plays a role in decoration and skid resistance; 4. the drainage half pipe can form three-dimensional drainage space, has the characteristics of light weight and impact resistance, compressive strength height concurrently, has catchment, drainage ability, drainage discharge after can collecting tunnel ground infiltration, and its dead weight is less, and the constructor installation of being convenient for both conveniently lay the installation through the form of back-off also can form better arch bearing structure, makes it can satisfy certain driving load requirement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a tunnel ground water-repellent structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a tunnel floor drainage structure according to the present invention in longitudinal section (A-A);
in the figure: 100. a cushion layer; 200. a drainage layer; 210. crushed stone aggregate; 220. a drainage half pipe; 230. geotextile; 300. a waterproof layer; 310. a waterproof mortar layer; 320. a waterproof paint layer; 400. a leveling layer; 500. a surface layer; 600. a drainage ditch; 610. a water grate; 620. geotextile on the water grate.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made more apparent and fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden on the person of ordinary skill in the art based on embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "middle", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element to be referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a tunnel ground water-proof and drainage structure includes a cushion layer 100, a drainage layer 200, a waterproof layer 300, a leveling layer 400 and a surface layer 500 which are sequentially disposed on a plain soil surface of a tunnel ground, a plurality of drainage ditches 600 are further disposed in the plain soil surface of the tunnel ground, the drainage ditches 600 extend upwards to a junction between the cushion layer 100 and the drainage layer 200, and a water grate 610 is disposed on the drainage ditches 600; the drainage layer 200 is further provided with a plurality of drainage half pipes 220, the pipe body of each drainage half pipe 220 is provided with a plurality of openings, each drainage half pipe 220 is positioned between adjacent drainage ditches 600, and two ends of each drainage half pipe 220 are respectively reversely buckled on the corresponding water grate 610.
This tunnel ground water proof and drainage structure carries out structural improvement through the drainage layer 200 to locating under the waterproof layer 300, in advance discharges infiltration to escape canal 600 through drainage layer 200 under the waterproof prerequisite of guaranteeing, especially can be fast with infiltration drainage to the tunnel of high water pressure and/or groundwater very abundant. The drainage of the water flow further avoids the waterproof layer from being soaked by water, thereby further improving the waterproof effect of the waterproof layer. The non-woven fabrics, the waterproof coiled materials, the drainage plates and the like are not required to be arranged, the construction is more convenient, and the long-term effect of drainage and waterproofing is better.
In the above scheme, the cushion layer 100 is disposed on the surface of the plain soil of the tunnel ground as a construction base surface, so as to facilitate subsequent construction. The drainage layer 200 serves as a first waterproof line, and the ground plain soil seepage water of the tunnel can be discharged into the drainage ditches 600 at two sides of the tunnel along with the drainage layer through the water grate 610. The waterproof layer 300 plays a main role in waterproof, and under the drainage effect of the drainage layer 200, the waterproof layer 300 can be prevented from being soaked in water for a long time, and the service life and the waterproof effect are stronger. The leveling layer 400 is designed to enhance the strength and rigidity of the tunnel ground, and meanwhile, to be used for designing transverse slopes, longitudinal slopes and the like, so as to provide good traffic conditions for vehicles and/or personnel. The surface layer 500 is used as the outermost layer of the tunnel ground waterproof and drainage structure, and plays a role in decoration and skid resistance.
The drainage half pipe 220 can form a three-dimensional drainage space, has water collecting and drainage capabilities, can collect drainage and drainage after tunnel ground seepage, has smaller dead weight, is convenient for constructors to install, and can form a better arch-shaped supporting structure through the inverted buckle, so that the drainage half pipe can meet certain driving load requirements. The holes and the water grate are arranged to facilitate the omnibearing automatic drainage in the drainage layer, the coverage range is wider, and the accumulation of local water can be avoided.
Further, the drainage layer 200 is a crushed stone layer and comprises crushed stone aggregate grading with the particle size of 10-20 mm; the drainage half pipe 220 is buried in the crushed stone aggregate 210, the convex surface of the drainage half pipe 220 and the openings at the two ends are covered with geotextile 230, and the geotextile 230 is extruded by the crushed stone aggregate 210 to enable the geotextile 230 to be tightly attached to the drainage half pipe 220.
In this technical solution, the drainage layer 200 is formed by combining and paving the drainage half pipe 220, the geotextile 230 and the crushed stone aggregate 210, and can bear large water pressure water seepage and drain the water seepage into the drainage ditch 600, so that the damage of the waterproof layer 300 caused by water seepage soaking the waterproof layer can be avoided. Geotechnical cloth covers the convex surface of the drainage half pipe and seals the openings of the two ends of the drainage half pipe, and the drainage half pipe is tightly pressed by means of crushed stone aggregate, so that the drainage half pipe is protected, the pressure resistance of the drainage half pipe is enhanced, and meanwhile, the situation that water collection and drainage effects are affected due to the fact that water-proof half pipe openings are blocked by small-particle-size crushed stone possibly exists is prevented.
The crushed stone aggregate 210 fills the distance between every two drainage half pipes, and water seepage flow is carried out by utilizing the gaps between crushed stones and is discharged together with the drainage half pipes and the drainage ditches.
The adoption of the hard plastic drainage half pipe 220 combines the wall thickness and the diameter ratio to ensure that the drainage half pipe has the characteristics of light weight, high impact resistance and high compressive strength; the holes of the flower shape are distributed, and the arrangement of reasonable aperture and interval is combined, so that regular water seepage holes can be formed while the overall strength performance of the drainage half pipe 220 is not influenced, and water collection and drainage are facilitated.
Further, the diameter of the drainage half pipe 220 is DN40, the wall thickness of the drainage half pipe is 4mm, the distance between every two openings is 40mm, the diameter of each opening is 6mm, and the diameter of each opening is equivalent to the diameter of the pipe.
Further, two drainage ditches 600 are separately provided at two sides of the tunnel, the drainage half pipes 220 are perpendicular to the drainage ditches 600, and the adjacent drainage half pipes 220 are arranged at intervals of 2 m.
Further, the water grate 610 is prefabricated by reinforced concrete, and holes with the length of 200mm and the width of 40mm are arranged in the middle of the water grate 610 along the width parallel direction and are arranged at intervals of 85 mm; the water grate 610 is further provided with geotextile (geotextile 620 on the water grate) for blocking the crushed stone aggregate 210 in the drainage layer 200. The density of geotextile on the drainage half pipe and the water grate is 250g/m 2 。
Further, the waterproof layer 300 is formed by coating and curing a waterproof mortar layer 310 and a waterproof paint layer 320, the cushion layer 100 and the leveling layer 400 are respectively formed by concrete pouring, the cushion layer 100 is arranged on the surface of the tunnel ground plain soil as a construction base surface, and the leveling layer 400 is arranged on the surface of the waterproof layer; the surface layer 500 is a floor paint layer and/or a wear-resistant layer, and the floor paint layer and/or the wear-resistant layer are/is arranged on the surface of the leveling layer.
The waterproof mortar layer 310 is arranged on the surface of the drainage layer, and provides a flat construction base surface to facilitate the subsequent arrangement of the waterproof paint layer 320 and prevent water from seeping out to the waterproof paint layer while being waterproof, the waterproof paint layer 320 can further provide waterproof reliability, and the paint spraying can effectively ensure the requirements of ground flatness and height difference. The leveling layer 400 is arranged to fill up the surface of the waterproof layer to form a flat structural base surface and a certain design gradient, so that a floor paint layer and/or a wear-resistant layer formed by subsequent brushing are smoother, free drums are not easy to generate, and the service life and the attractiveness of the structure are improved.
Further, the thickness of the cushion layer is 100-150 mm, and/or the thickness of the drainage layer is 40-50 mm, and/or the thickness of the waterproof layer is 10-15 mm, and/or the thickness of the leveling layer is 100-150 mm, and/or the thickness of the surface layer is 3-10 mm.
Further, a construction method of the tunnel ground waterproof and drainage structure comprises the following steps:
s1, pouring concrete on the excavated plain soil surface of the tunnel ground to form the cushion layer 100, and arranging drainage ditches 600 on two sides of the tunnel ground;
s2, installing the water grate 610 on the drainage ditch 600, and paving geotextile on the surface of the water grate 610 to cover the water holes of the water grate 610;
s3, reversely buckling the drainage half pipes 220 on the surfaces of the cushion layer 100 and the water grate 610, paving geotextiles 230 on the surfaces of the drainage half pipes 220, paving crushed stone aggregates 210 between every two drainage half pipes 220, forming the drainage layer 200, and discharging tunnel ground water seepage into drainage ditches 600 on two sides;
s4, coating waterproof mortar and waterproof paint on the drainage layer 200 to form a waterproof layer 300;
s5, pouring concrete on the waterproof layer 300 to form a leveling layer 400;
and S6, spraying wear-resistant paint and/or spreading wear-resistant aggregate on the leveling layer 400 to form a surface layer 500, namely finishing the construction of the tunnel ground waterproof and drainage structure. The whole construction process is simple, easy to operate and execute, and the whole construction efficiency can be improved.
During construction, according to the thought of 'anti-drainage combination', the drainage layer is: the drainage half pipes are reversely buckled on the surface of the cushion layer, the direction is perpendicular to the direction of the tunnel drainage ditch, geotextiles are tightly clung to the convex surfaces of the drainage half pipes and are paved, dense broken stone aggregates are filled between the drainage half pipes, and the drainage layer discharges water seepage into the tunnel drainage ditch through the water grate through gaps between the drainage half pipes and the broken stone aggregates. The waterproof layer is provided with a waterproof mortar layer on the drainage layer, the waterproof mortar layer is provided with a waterproof coating layer, and pouring and/or spraying operations are adopted to enable all layers of the waterproof layer to form an integral body respectively, so that an omnibearing waterproof effect is achieved. The drainage layer and the waterproof layer are arranged without depending on fixing pieces, drainage plates and the like, so that gaps generated by punching the drainage plates by the fixing pieces are avoided, and potential water seepage hazards possibly existing in the drainage plates and the like are avoided. Meanwhile, the multiple design of the drainage layer can play a good drainage effect under extremely high water pressure, and because the waterproof effect of the waterproof layer needs to take the drainage layer as a premise, if water accumulation and/or water stagnation exist in the drainage layer and/or gap water seepage exists in a fixing mode of the drainage plate fixing piece, the waterproof effect of the waterproof layer can be influenced. Therefore, the drainage layer of the composite structure is used for draining the ground water seepage of the tunnel, and the double-layer waterproof layer of the pouring and/or spraying construction process is used for realizing the overall waterproof, so that the hidden troubles of water seepage and water leakage can be avoided, and the waterproof effect is improved.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. The tunnel ground waterproof and drainage structure is characterized by comprising a cushion layer, a drainage layer, a waterproof layer, a leveling layer and a surface layer which are sequentially arranged on a tunnel ground plain soil surface, wherein a plurality of drainage ditches are further arranged in the tunnel ground plain soil surface, the drainage ditches extend upwards to the junction of the cushion layer and the drainage layer, and a water grate is arranged on the drainage ditches; a plurality of water draining half pipes are arranged in the water draining layer, a plurality of holes are formed in the pipe body of each water draining half pipe, each water draining half pipe is positioned between adjacent water draining ditches, and two ends of each water draining half pipe are respectively reversely buckled on the water grate; the drainage layer is a crushed stone layer and comprises crushed stone aggregate grading with the particle size of 10-30 mm; the drainage half pipe is buried in the gravel layer, the convex surface of the drainage half pipe and openings at two ends of the drainage half pipe are covered with geotextiles, and the geotextiles are extruded by means of crushed stone aggregate to enable the geotextiles to be clung to the drainage half pipe;
the drainage half pipes are reversely buckled on the surface of the cushion layer, the direction is perpendicular to the direction of the drainage ditch of the tunnel, geotextiles are tightly paved on the convex surfaces of the drainage half pipes, dense broken stone aggregates are filled between the drainage half pipes, and the drainage layer discharges water seepage into the drainage ditch of the tunnel through gaps between the drainage half pipes and the broken stone aggregates; the waterproof layer is provided with a waterproof mortar layer on the drainage layer, and a waterproof paint layer is arranged on the waterproof mortar layer.
2. The tunnel floor drain structure of claim 1, wherein the drain half pipe is a rigid plastic drain half pipe having a wall thickness to nominal diameter ratio of at least 1:10; the holes are arranged in a quincuncial shape, the diameter of each hole is not smaller than the wall thickness of the drainage half pipe, and the distance between every two holes is more than 6 times of the diameter of each hole.
3. The tunnel ground water-proof and drainage structure according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the drainage half pipe is DN 30-DN 50, the wall thickness of the drainage half pipe is 2-5 mm, the distance between every two holes is 20-50 mm, and the diameter of the holes is 4-8 mm.
4. The tunnel ground waterproof and drainage structure according to claim 1, wherein two drainage ditches are respectively arranged on two sides of the tunnel, the drainage half pipes are perpendicular to the drainage ditches, and adjacent drainage half pipes are arranged at intervals of 1.8-2.5 m.
5. The tunnel ground waterproof and drainage structure according to claim 1, wherein the water grate is prefabricated by reinforced concrete, and holes with the length of 200mm and the width of 40mm are arranged in the middle of the water grate along the width parallel direction and are arranged at intervals of 85 mm; and geotechnical cloth is also arranged on the water grate and used for blocking broken stone aggregates in the drainage layer.
6. The tunnel ground waterproof and drainage structure according to claim 1, wherein the waterproof layer is formed by coating and curing waterproof mortar and waterproof paint, the cushion layer and the leveling layer are respectively formed by concrete pouring, the cushion layer is arranged on the surface of the tunnel ground plain soil as a construction base surface, and the leveling layer is arranged on the surface of the waterproof layer; the surface layer is a ground paint layer and/or a wear-resistant layer, and the ground paint layer and/or the wear-resistant layer are arranged on the surface of the leveling layer.
7. The tunnel floor drainage structure of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the bedding layer is 100-150 mm, and/or the thickness of the drainage layer is 40-50 mm, and/or the thickness of the waterproof layer is 10-15 mm, and/or the thickness of the leveling layer is 100-150 mm, and/or the thickness of the facing layer is 3-10 mm.
8. A construction method of the tunnel ground water-proof structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
s1, pouring concrete on the excavated plain soil surface of the tunnel ground to form the cushion layer, and arranging drainage ditches on two sides of the tunnel ground;
s2, mounting the water grate on the drainage ditch, and paving geotextile on the surface of the water grate to cover the water holes of the water grate;
s3, reversely buckling the drainage half pipes on the surfaces of the cushion layer and the water grate, paving geotextiles on the surfaces of the drainage half pipes, paving crushed stone aggregates between every two drainage half pipes, forming a drainage layer, and discharging water seepage on the ground of a tunnel into drainage ditches on two sides;
s4, coating waterproof mortar and waterproof paint on the drainage layer to form a waterproof layer;
s5, pouring concrete on the waterproof layer to form a leveling layer;
and S6, spraying wear-resistant paint and/or spreading wear-resistant aggregate on the leveling layer to form a surface layer, namely finishing the construction of the tunnel ground waterproof and drainage structure.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH10196296A (en) * | 1996-12-31 | 1998-07-28 | Bridgestone Corp | Drainage member and sheet waterproof material using it |
| CN102434175A (en) * | 2012-01-12 | 2012-05-02 | 中国市政工程西北设计研究院有限公司 | Tunnel lining self waterproof drainage system |
| CN202945619U (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2013-05-22 | 新宇建设有限公司 | Basement wall and baseplate waterproof and drainage structure |
| CN111287792A (en) * | 2020-02-17 | 2020-06-16 | 四川省交通勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Drainage device for water seepage of tunnel pavement and construction process |
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2022
- 2022-11-04 CN CN202211378381.8A patent/CN115788568B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH10196296A (en) * | 1996-12-31 | 1998-07-28 | Bridgestone Corp | Drainage member and sheet waterproof material using it |
| CN102434175A (en) * | 2012-01-12 | 2012-05-02 | 中国市政工程西北设计研究院有限公司 | Tunnel lining self waterproof drainage system |
| CN202945619U (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2013-05-22 | 新宇建设有限公司 | Basement wall and baseplate waterproof and drainage structure |
| CN111287792A (en) * | 2020-02-17 | 2020-06-16 | 四川省交通勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Drainage device for water seepage of tunnel pavement and construction process |
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