CN115788488A - Tunnel step-by-step excavation method suitable for weak surrounding rock - Google Patents
Tunnel step-by-step excavation method suitable for weak surrounding rock Download PDFInfo
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- CN115788488A CN115788488A CN202211604898.4A CN202211604898A CN115788488A CN 115788488 A CN115788488 A CN 115788488A CN 202211604898 A CN202211604898 A CN 202211604898A CN 115788488 A CN115788488 A CN 115788488A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a stepwise excavation method of a tunnel suitable for weak surrounding rock, which is characterized in that an excavation end face of the tunnel is divided into a plurality of pilot pits according to geological conditions; according to the excavation sequence from top to bottom and from outside to inside, performing advanced circulating excavation on each pilot tunnel in sequence, performing primary support on the top, the side wall and the inverted arch of the pilot tunnel in the excavation process, and presetting a corrugated wall connecting piece in a primary support body formed by performing the primary support; a corrugated steel temporary supporting body is detachably arranged in the excavated pilot tunnel through a corrugated wall connecting piece, and the corrugated steel temporary supporting body and the initial supporting body form a supporting and closing unit of the pilot tunnel; in the pilot pit excavated in the early stage, when the primary support meets the stability requirement, the corrugated steel temporary support body is dismantled and recycled for standby; and circularly applying the removed corrugated steel temporary support body into the next excavated pilot tunnel. The corrugated steel temporary support is simple and convenient to assemble and disassemble and can be repeatedly used, the support strength is improved, meanwhile, the tunnel excavation support cost is greatly reduced, and the construction progress is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel primary support structures, in particular to a step-by-step tunnel excavation method suitable for weak surrounding rocks.
Background
Along with the increase of railway tunnels and highway tunnels planned and constructed in China, the probability of deep-buried soft rock tunnels is increased, and when the tunnel is excavated and constructed through soft surrounding rocks, the soft surrounding rocks of the tunnel often have rapid deformation and instability, and even tunnel collapse and other engineering accidents.
In order to avoid the above situations, the prior art mostly adopts a CRD method for construction, the CRD method is mainly to divide an excavated section into four parts by a cross middle wall and a cross link, an arch frame and a steel grating are erected in time after each small section is excavated, and then concrete is sprayed on the steel grating for sealing and supporting. Because the concrete can not bear load immediately after being sprayed, a curing process is needed, and the construction progress is influenced to a certain extent. In addition, the sprayed concrete not only takes materials, but also causes bad construction environment, and increases the manufacturing cost. Finally, when the excavation working face continuously advances, the middle wall and the transverse connection in the early stage need to be removed, the concrete structure cannot be reused, and the concrete structure can only be removed in a destructive manner, so that great waste is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a stepwise excavation method of a tunnel suitable for weak surrounding rocks, and solves the problems that a support body cannot be reused, the construction progress is slow and the construction cost is high in the conventional stepwise excavation temporary support method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the step-by-step tunnel excavation method suitable for the weak surrounding rock comprises the following steps:
dividing the tunnel excavation end face into a plurality of pilot pits according to geological conditions;
according to the excavation sequence from top to bottom and from outside to inside, performing advanced circulating excavation on each pilot tunnel in sequence, performing primary support on the top, the side wall and the inverted arch of the pilot tunnel in the excavation process, and presetting corrugated wall connecting pieces in a primary support body formed by performing the primary support;
a corrugated steel temporary supporting body is detachably arranged in the excavated pilot tunnel through a corrugated wall connecting piece, and the corrugated steel temporary supporting body and the initial supporting body form a supporting and closing unit of the pilot tunnel;
in the pilot pit excavated in the early stage, when the primary support meets the stability requirement, the corrugated steel temporary support body is dismantled and recycled for standby;
and circularly applying the removed corrugated steel temporary support body into the next excavated pilot tunnel.
Furthermore, the tunnel excavation end face is divided into three pilot pits which are vertically arranged according to geological conditions, namely an upper pilot pit I, a middle pilot pit II and a lower pilot pit III.
Furthermore, the tunnel excavation end face is divided into three pilot pits which are arranged left and right according to geological conditions, namely a left pilot pit I, a middle pilot pit II and a right pilot pit III.
Furthermore, the tunnel excavation end face is divided into four crisscross pilot pits according to geological conditions, namely an upper left pilot pit I, an upper right pilot pit II, a lower left pilot pit III and a lower right pilot pit IV.
Furthermore, the tunnel excavation end face is divided into five pilot pits according to geological conditions, namely an upper left pilot pit I, an upper right pilot pit II, a central pilot pit III, a lower left pilot pit IV and a lower right pilot pit V.
Furthermore, the tunnel excavation end face is divided into six pilot pits according to geological conditions, namely a left upper pilot pit I, a right upper pilot pit II, an upper middle pilot pit III, a left lower pilot pit IV, a right lower pilot pit V and a middle lower pilot pit VI.
The corrugated wall connecting piece is characterized by being a long angle steel, the connecting end of the long angle steel is positioned outside the primary support body, and a plurality of threaded connecting holes are formed in the connecting end.
Furthermore, the corrugated steel temporary support body is formed by sequentially splicing a plurality of corrugated steel units.
Furthermore, the corrugated steel unit comprises a flat plate frame on the periphery and a corrugated steel plate connected in the frame.
Further, the corrugated steel unit comprises a square steel frame and a corrugated steel plate connected in the square steel frame. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention applies primary support and corrugated steel temporary support to the excavated pilot tunnel, the corrugated steel temporary support is connected with the primary support by a detachable connection mode, the primary support body in the pilot tunnel and the corrugated steel temporary support body are sealed into a ring to form an independent support closed unit, thereby completing the tunnel step-by-step excavation support under the weak surrounding rock condition, the support mode does not need to use sprayed concrete, the corrugated steel temporary support body is simple and convenient to disassemble and assemble and can be repeatedly used, the tunnel excavation cost is greatly reduced, and the construction progress is promoted.
Of course, not all of the advantages described above need to be achieved at the same time in practicing the various aspects of the invention.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings of the embodiments can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view at A in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a corrugated steel unit of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the corrugated steel temporary support of FIG. 3;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a wave form of a galvanized steel corrugated plate according to various embodiments;
fig. 8 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention.
In the figure, the position of the upper end of the main shaft,
1-primary support;
2-corrugated steel temporary support body, 201-left longitudinal corrugated wall, 202-right longitudinal corrugated wall, 203-left transverse corrugated wall, 204-right transverse corrugated wall, 205-central transverse corrugated wall, 206-flange joint, 207-frame, 208-corrugated steel plate, 209-corrugated steel inverted arch;
and 3-bolts.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
In the description of this patent, it is to be understood that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for the convenience of describing the patent and for the simplicity of description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting of the patent.
In the description of this patent, it is noted that unless otherwise specifically stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "disposed" are to be construed broadly and can include, for example, fixedly connected, disposed, detachably connected, disposed, or integrally connected and disposed. The specific meaning of the above terms in this patent may be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
The invention discloses a tunnel stepwise excavation method based on a corrugated steel temporary support system, which is characterized in that a plurality of pilot holes are distributed and excavated, the support system is established while excavating, the support system comprises a primary support and a corrugated steel temporary support body, the corrugated steel temporary support body and the primary support body are detachably connected, and the corrugated steel temporary support body in the previous stage can be conveniently and repeatedly assembled and disassembled to be used in the pilot holes excavated next time along with the excavation.
Referring to fig. 8, the invention provides a step-by-step tunnel excavation method suitable for weak surrounding rock, which mainly comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of S1, dividing a tunnel excavation end face into a plurality of pilot pits according to geological conditions;
s2, sequentially and circularly excavating each pilot tunnel in advance according to the excavation sequence from top to bottom and from outside to inside, wherein in the excavation process, the top, the side wall and the inverted arch of the pilot tunnel are subjected to primary support, and corrugated wall connecting pieces are preset in a primary support body formed by the primary support;
s3, detachably arranging a corrugated steel temporary supporting body in the excavated pilot tunnel through a corrugated wall connecting piece, wherein the corrugated steel temporary supporting body and the initial supporting body form a supporting and closing unit of the pilot tunnel;
s4, when the primary support meets the stability requirement in the guide pit excavated in the early stage, dismantling the corrugated steel temporary support body and recycling the corrugated steel temporary support body for later use;
and S5, circularly applying the dismantled temporary corrugated steel supporting body into a next excavated pilot tunnel.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
example 1:
a step-by-step tunnel excavation method suitable for weak surrounding rocks is applied to a double-inverted-arch corrugated steel temporary support system in the embodiment, and the method is shown in figure 1.
This strut system includes the interim supporting body of initial stage supporting body 1 and corrugated steel, and in the initial stage supporting body 1 located country rock 3, the corrugated wall connecting piece had been preset in the initial stage supporting body 1, and the link of corrugated wall connecting piece sets up outside the interim supporting body of corrugated steel for connect.
In this embodiment, the interim supporter of corrugated steel includes two sets of horizontal ripple walls, also can call as corrugated steel invert 209, and corrugated steel invert 209 is arc ripple wall, and the cambered surface is downwards, and corrugated steel invert 209 both ends are passed through bolt 3 and are connected with the link detachable of ripple wall connecting piece.
The two groups of corrugated steel inverted arches 209 divide the tunnel into three independent guide pits along the extending direction of the tunnel, namely an upper guide pit I, a middle guide pit II and a lower guide pit III, and the initial support body 1 and the corrugated steel inverted arches 209 in each guide pit form an independent support closed unit.
The excavation steps of the double-inverted arch type corrugated steel temporary support system of the embodiment are described as follows:
after the primary support body is basically stable, an upper-layer corrugated steel inverted arch is arranged on the step surface of the upper guide pit I to form a corrugated steel temporary support, the upper-layer corrugated steel inverted arch is connected with a corrugated wall connecting piece in a bolt connection mode, the upper-layer corrugated steel inverted arch and the primary support body in the upper guide pit I form an independent upper support closed unit, and the temporary stable support in the upper guide pit I is completed;
after the primary support body is basically stable, arranging a lower-layer corrugated steel inverted arch on the step surface of the middle pilot tunnel II to form a corrugated steel temporary support, connecting the lower-layer corrugated steel inverted arch with a corrugated wall connecting piece in a bolt connection mode, and forming an independent middle support closed unit together by the lower-layer corrugated steel inverted arch and the primary support body on the side wall of the tunnel in the upper pilot tunnel II and the lower-layer corrugated steel inverted arch to finish the temporary stable support in the middle pilot tunnel II;
step 4, finally, excavating a lower pilot tunnel III, excavating a single unit footage of the lower pilot tunnel III, and performing primary support on an inverted arch and a tunnel side wall of the excavated tunnel after the single footage is excavated;
after the primary support body is basically stable, the primary support body of the tunnel side wall in the lower corrugated steel inverted arch, the lower guide pit III and the primary support body of the tunnel inverted arch form an independent lower support closed unit together, and the temporary stable support in the guide pit III is completed;
and 5, sequentially advancing the pilot tunnel at the upper part to the pilot tunnel at the lower part by a unit advancing ruler, performing circular excavation operation, constructing respective primary supports and corrugated steel temporary supports, recycling the corrugated steel temporary supports removed in the front by the corrugated steel temporary supports constructed later, and constructing a secondary lining for the part with the corrugated steel temporary supports removed.
Example 2:
a tunnel step-by-step excavation method suitable for weak surrounding rocks is disclosed, and referring to fig. 2, the method is applied to a corrugated steel temporary supporting system of a hyperbolic five-guide pit, the corrugated steel temporary supporting system comprises an initial supporting body 1 and a corrugated steel temporary supporting body 2, the initial supporting body 1 is arranged in a surrounding rock 3, and a corrugated wall connecting piece is preset in the initial supporting body 1; in this embodiment, the corrugated wall connecting member is a long angle steel, the long angle steel is pre-buried in the initial supporting body 1, one of the break angles is used as a connecting end, and is disposed outside the initial supporting body 1, and a plurality of threaded connecting holes are formed in the connecting end for bolting with the corrugated wall. In other embodiments, the corrugated wall connector may also be of other structures, such as square steel or steel column, and the corrugated wall connector may be connected to the corrugated steel temporary support body only.
The corrugated steel temporary support body comprises a left longitudinal corrugated wall 201, a right longitudinal corrugated wall 202, a left transverse corrugated wall 203 and a right transverse corrugated wall 204, wherein the left longitudinal corrugated wall 201 and the right longitudinal corrugated wall 202 are arc-shaped corrugated walls and are symmetrically arranged along the center line of the tunnel, and the radians are inward and are in a shape like the Chinese character 'ji', and the upper ends and the lower ends of the left longitudinal corrugated wall 201 and the right longitudinal corrugated wall 202 are respectively connected to the top of the tunnel and the connecting end of the inverted arch of the tunnel through bolts; the left transverse corrugated wall 203 and the right transverse corrugated wall 204 are horizontal corrugated walls, the outer sides of the left transverse corrugated wall 203 and the right transverse corrugated wall 204 are connected to the connecting end of the side wall of the tunnel through bolts, and the inner sides of the left transverse corrugated wall 203 and the right transverse corrugated wall 204 are respectively connected to the middle parts of the left longitudinal corrugated wall 201 and the right longitudinal corrugated wall 202 through threads.
The left longitudinal corrugated wall 201, the right longitudinal corrugated wall 202, the left transverse corrugated wall 203 and the right transverse corrugated wall 204 divide the tunnel into five independent pilot pits along the extending direction of the tunnel, namely a left upper pilot pit I, a right upper pilot pit II, a central pilot pit III, a left lower pilot pit IV and a right lower pilot pit V. The primary support body 1 in each pilot tunnel and the corrugated wall thereof form an independent support closed unit to complete temporary stable support in the pilot tunnel.
Referring to fig. 4, the arc corrugated wall and the horizontal corrugated wall are formed by sequentially splicing a plurality of corrugated steel units, each corrugated steel unit comprises a peripheral metal frame 207 and a corrugated steel plate 208 welded inside the frame 207, wherein the arc corrugated wall is made of arc corrugated steel plates, and the horizontal corrugated wall is made of horizontal corrugated steel plates. The frame 207 around the corrugated steel unit is provided with bolt holes for the corrugated steel unit is sequentially connected into a wall, and the bolt holes on the frame 207 at the end part of the corrugated wall are used for being connected with the angle steel connecting ends pre-buried in the initial supporting body 1.
It should be noted that, in other embodiments, the corrugated steel unit may also be in other structural forms, such as: the corrugated steel units are corrugated steel plates with inserting structures, and a plurality of corrugated steel units are sequentially inserted and connected to form a temporary supporting wall structure; for another example: the corrugated steel unit is formed by combining a corrugated steel plate and a square steel frame and is connected into a whole through riveting or welding.
The corrugated steel plate 208 of the invention is made of galvanized steel corrugated plate, the waveform of the galvanized steel corrugated plate is in sine wave form, and the galvanized steel corrugated plate has the advantages of excellent ductility, high tensile strength, high compression strength, high shear strength, small structural section of the member, light dead weight and high construction speed. The wall thickness of the galvanized steel corrugated plate is selected from 2.5 mm-12 mm, the wave distance and wave height are selected from 380mm 140mm, 150mm, 50mm, 200mm, 55mm, 230mm, 64mm, 300mm, 110mm or 400mm, 150mm, and the steel plate is made of Q345, Q235 or Q355; in the embodiment, the wall thickness of the galvanized steel corrugated plate is 7.2mm, the wave pitch is 300mm, and the wave height is 110mm.
In other embodiments, the wave shape of the galvanized steel corrugated plate can also be in a triangular wave form, a trapezoidal wave form or a right-angle wave form, as shown in fig. 7.
Referring to fig. 3, the left transverse corrugated wall 203 is bolted to the middle of the left longitudinal corrugated wall 201 through a specially designed connector, which includes a flange joint 206 connected to the inner end of the left transverse corrugated wall 203 and a flange piece 210 fixed to the middle of the left longitudinal corrugated wall 201, the flange joint 206 is a metal plate with a cross section in a "connection" shape, and has threaded holes on the vertical section and the horizontal section, the vertical section is used for bolting to the frame of the corrugated steel unit, and the horizontal section is used for bolting to the flange piece 210 of the left longitudinal corrugated wall 201 by bolts 3. The right transverse corrugated wall 203 and the right longitudinal corrugated wall 201 are connected in the same way; the bolting mode facilitates the dismantling and installation of the temporary corrugated steel supporting body 2 according to the excavation progress.
The excavation step of this embodiment refers to embodiment 1, and the corrugated steel temporary support body is circularly excavated in advance in sequence according to the sequence of the upper left pilot tunnel i, the upper right pilot tunnel ii, the central pilot tunnel iii, the lower left pilot tunnel iv and the lower right pilot tunnel v.
Example 3:
referring to fig. 5 and 6, the method of the present embodiment is applied to a corrugated steel temporary supporting system of a double-curved six-heading, and different from embodiment 2, the corrugated steel temporary supporting body further includes a central transverse corrugated wall 205, the central transverse corrugated wall 205 is connected between the left and right longitudinal corrugated walls through flange joints 206 at two ends, and the left longitudinal corrugated wall 201, the right longitudinal corrugated wall 202, the left transverse corrugated wall 203, the right transverse corrugated wall 204 and the central transverse corrugated wall 205 divide the tunnel into six independent supporting closed units, which are an upper left heading i, an upper right heading ii, an upper central heading iii, a lower left heading iv, a lower right heading v and a lower central heading vi.
In the excavation step of this embodiment, referring to example 1, the upper left pilot tunnel i, the upper right pilot tunnel ii, the upper middle pilot tunnel iii, the lower left pilot tunnel iv, the lower right pilot tunnel v, and the lower middle pilot tunnel vi are sequentially subjected to advanced circular excavation in sequence, and the corrugated steel temporary support body is recycled.
Example 4:
the method is applied to a corrugated steel temporary support system with four crossed pilot pits, the excavation step of the embodiment refers to embodiment 1, the left upper pilot pit I, the right upper pilot pit II, the left lower pilot pit III and the right lower pilot pit IV are sequentially and circularly excavated in advance, and the corrugated steel temporary support body is recycled.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The step-by-step tunnel excavation method suitable for the weak surrounding rock is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
dividing the tunnel excavation end face into a plurality of pilot pits according to geological conditions;
according to the excavation sequence from top to bottom and from outside to inside, performing advanced circulating excavation on each pilot tunnel in sequence, performing primary support on the top, the side wall and the inverted arch of the pilot tunnel in the excavation process, and presetting corrugated wall connecting pieces in a primary support body formed by performing the primary support;
a corrugated steel temporary supporting body is detachably arranged in the excavated pilot tunnel through a corrugated wall connecting piece, and the corrugated steel temporary supporting body and the initial supporting body form a supporting and closing unit of the pilot tunnel;
in the pilot pit excavated in the early stage, when the primary support meets the stability requirement, the corrugated steel temporary support body is dismantled and recycled for standby;
and circularly applying the dismantled corrugated steel temporary support body in the next excavated pilot tunnel.
2. The stepwise excavation method of the tunnel suitable for the weak surrounding rock according to claim 1, wherein an excavation end face of the tunnel is divided into three pilot pits which are arranged up and down according to geological conditions, namely an upper pilot pit I, a middle pilot pit II and a lower pilot pit III.
3. The stepwise excavation method of the tunnel suitable for the weak surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that the excavation end face of the tunnel is divided into three pilot pits which are arranged left and right according to geological conditions, namely a left pilot pit I, a middle pilot pit II and a right pilot pit III.
4. The method for excavating the tunnel step by step suitable for the weak surrounding rock according to the claim 1, characterized in that the excavation end face of the tunnel is divided into four criss-cross pilot pits according to geological conditions, namely a left upper pilot pit I, a right upper pilot pit II, a left lower pilot pit III and a right lower pilot pit IV.
5. The method for excavating a tunnel in steps suitable for weak surrounding rocks according to claim 1, wherein an excavation end face of the tunnel is divided into five pilot pits according to geological conditions, namely an upper left pilot pit I, an upper right pilot pit II, a central pilot pit III, a lower left pilot pit IV and a lower right pilot pit V.
6. The method for excavating the tunnel step by step suitable for the weak surrounding rock according to claim 1, wherein an excavating end face of the tunnel is divided into six pilot holes according to geological conditions, wherein the six pilot holes are a left upper pilot hole I, a right upper pilot hole II, an upper middle pilot hole III, a left lower pilot hole IV, a right lower pilot hole V and a middle lower pilot hole VI.
7. The method for excavating the tunnel step by step suitable for the weak surrounding rock according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the corrugated wall connecting piece is a long angle steel, the connecting end of the long angle steel is positioned outside the primary support body, and a plurality of threaded connecting holes are formed in the connecting end.
8. The method for excavating the weak surrounding rock by the step-by-step tunnel according to claim 7, wherein the corrugated steel temporary support body is formed by sequentially splicing a plurality of corrugated steel units.
9. The method for excavating a tunnel step by step suitable for weak surrounding rocks according to claim 8, wherein the corrugated steel units comprise a flat frame and corrugated steel plates connected in the frame.
10. The method for excavating the weak surrounding rock by the step-by-step tunnel according to claim 8, wherein the corrugated steel unit comprises a square steel frame and a corrugated steel plate connected in the square steel frame.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202211604898.4A CN115788488A (en) | 2022-12-14 | 2022-12-14 | Tunnel step-by-step excavation method suitable for weak surrounding rock |
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| CN202211604898.4A CN115788488A (en) | 2022-12-14 | 2022-12-14 | Tunnel step-by-step excavation method suitable for weak surrounding rock |
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