CN115786654A - Annealing process for improving coarse grain size of 1Cr11MoV forging stock - Google Patents
Annealing process for improving coarse grain size of 1Cr11MoV forging stock Download PDFInfo
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- CN115786654A CN115786654A CN202211602453.2A CN202211602453A CN115786654A CN 115786654 A CN115786654 A CN 115786654A CN 202211602453 A CN202211602453 A CN 202211602453A CN 115786654 A CN115786654 A CN 115786654A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an annealing process for improving the coarseness of the grain size of a 1Cr11MoV forging stock, which effectively refines the grain size of the forging stock by combining a production mode of tempering after forging, high-temperature spheroidizing annealing and low-temperature spheroidizing annealing, adopts a staged heating and cooling method to avoid the cracking risk of a workpiece caused by overlarge thermal stress of the forging stock, avoids the phenomenon of coarsening of grains caused by adopting high-temperature heating and long-time heat preservation according to a conventional heat treatment process, adopts tempering after forging to control the critical temperature for starting austenite transformation, ensures that the grain size is cooled in a relatively-thin initial grain size state to obtain a fine lath martensite or sorbite + carbide structure, then increases the nucleation rate of austenite by repeating spheroidizing heating for a short time to promote the grain size refinement, and obviously improves the grain size of the 1Cr11MoV forging stock with the coarseness produced according to the process, and improves the grain size from 0 to 2 grade grain size to fine 4 to 6 grade grain size, thereby improving the product quality and reducing the waste loss.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of martensite heat-resistant steel production, and particularly relates to an annealing process for improving the coarseness of grain size of a 1Cr11MoV forging stock, wherein the coarseness of grain size of the forging stock is improved to 4-6 grade after annealing by improving a heat treatment process.
Background
In the actual production, because the 1Cr11MoV material is martensite heat-resistant steel, the alloy content is relatively high, the forging temperature range is 1100-1180 ℃, the forging heating temperature range is narrow, the production operation difficulty is high, the forging deformation resistance is high during forging due to low forging heating temperature, the phenomenon of low deformation rate exists, the overall quality of the forging is influenced, meanwhile, a brittle precipitate can be separated out in the forging along with the reduction of the forging temperature during forging, the surface cracking phenomenon is easy to occur on the edges and corners and the surface of a forging blank during forging, and waste products are generated, therefore, in order to ensure the surface quality of the forging, multi-fire forging is adopted during forging, the forging is continuously heated and insulated at high temperature, the grain size in the forging is large, the grain size is basically 0 to 2 grade, if the forging is produced according to the conventional production process, the phenomenon of large grain size in the forging is difficult to improve, the grain size after annealing is 0 to 2 grade, and the technical requirement that the grain size is not less than or equal to 4 grade cannot be met, and therefore, a coarse annealing process for improving the grain size of the 1Cr11MoV blank is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, provides an annealing process for improving the coarse grain size of a 1Cr11MoV forging stock, solves the problem of the coarse grain size of the 1Cr11MoV forging stock, and improves the product quality.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: an annealing process for improving the coarseness of grain size of a 1Cr11MoV forging stock is realized according to the following steps:
step 1), air cooling after forging: after forging, the surface temperature of a forging blank is 800-950 ℃, the forging blank is placed on a material rack for air cooling, the forging blank rotates 180 ℃ every ten minutes, the surface temperature of the forging blank is air-cooled to 250-350 ℃, the forging blank is placed into a box type heating furnace with the furnace temperature of 280-350 ℃ for heat preservation, the heat preservation time is calculated according to the thickness of the forging blank and ranges from 1h to 2h/100mm, after the heat preservation, the forging blank is heated to 600-700 ℃ at the heating speed of less than or equal to 80 ℃/h for heat preservation, the heat preservation time is calculated according to the thickness of the forging blank and ranges from 2h to 4h/100mm, after the heat preservation, the forging blank is cooled along with the furnace at the cooling speed of less than or equal to 50 ℃/h, the furnace is cooled to 300-400 ℃, the forging blank is taken out of the furnace for air cooling, and the forging blank is cooled to room temperature;
step 2), after the air cooling in the step 1) is finished, loading the forging stock into a box-type heating furnace for high-temperature spheroidizing annealing: the temperature of the forging stock is less than or equal to 300 ℃, the forging stock is heated to 550-650 ℃ at the heating rate of less than or equal to 50 ℃/h, the forging stock is kept for 2-8h, the forging stock is heated to 900-950 ℃ at the heating rate of less than or equal to 80 ℃/h after the heat preservation is finished, the heat preservation is carried out, the heat preservation time is calculated according to the thickness of the forging stock, the forging stock is kept for 2-3h/100 mm, the forging stock is cooled along with the furnace at the cooling rate of less than or equal to 50 ℃/h after the heat preservation is finished, the heat preservation is carried out when the furnace is cooled to 600-700 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 2-20h, the forging stock is cooled to 300-400 ℃ at the furnace temperature of less than or equal to 50 ℃/h after the heat preservation is finished, the forging stock is taken out of the furnace, and is cooled to the room temperature;
step 3), after the air cooling in the step 2) is finished, the forging stock is put into a box-type heating furnace for low-temperature spheroidizing annealing: the temperature of the material entering the furnace is less than or equal to 300 ℃, the material is heated to 550-650 ℃ at the heating rate of less than or equal to 50 ℃/h, the material is kept for 2h-8h, the material is heated to 850-900 ℃ at the heating rate of less than or equal to 80 ℃/h after the heat preservation, the heat preservation is carried out, the heat preservation time is calculated according to the thickness of the forging stock, the material is kept for 2h-3h/100 mm at the cooling rate of less than or equal to 50 ℃/h after the heat preservation, the material is kept for heat preservation at the temperature of 600-700 ℃, the material is kept for heat preservation for 2h-20h, the material is cooled to 300-400 ℃ at the temperature of less than or equal to 50 ℃/h after the heat preservation, and is taken out of the furnace for air cooling to the room temperature.
Compared with the prior art, the process of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention is firstly to cool the forged steel in air: the production mode combining high-temperature spheroidizing annealing and low-temperature spheroidizing annealing process effectively refines the grain size of the forging stock. 2. And a staged heating and cooling method is adopted, so that the risk of workpiece cracking caused by overlarge thermal stress of the forging stock is avoided. 3. The phenomenon of coarsening of crystal grains caused by adopting high-temperature heating and long-time heat preservation according to the conventional heat treatment process is avoided. 4. Firstly, forging and then air cooling are adopted: the critical temperature of the beginning of austenite transformation is controlled, the grain size is ensured to be cooled under the state of smaller initial grain size, so as to obtain fine lath martensite or sorbite + carbide structure, and then the austenite nucleation rate is further increased by repeated spheroidization heating, so as to promote the grain size refinement. The 1Cr11MoV forging stock with large grain size produced by the heat treatment process has obviously improved grain size from 0 to 2 grades with large grain size to 4 to 6 grades with small grain size, can improve the product quality and reduce the loss of waste products.
Detailed Description
Example 1: an annealing process for improving the coarseness of grain size of a 1Cr11MoV forging stock comprises the following chemical components: c =0.12%, si =0.33%, mn =0.41%, cr =10.39%, ni =0.34%, S =0.003%, P =0.014%, mo =0.53%, specification: phi 450mm, forging grain size: and (4) level 1. The annealing process comprises the following steps:
step 1), air cooling after forging: after forging, the surface temperature of a forging stock is 915 ℃, the forging stock is placed on a material rack for air cooling, the forging stock rotates 180 ℃ every ten minutes, the surface temperature of the forging stock is air cooled to 298 ℃, the forging stock is placed in a box type heating furnace with the furnace temperature of 301 ℃ for heat preservation, the heat preservation is carried out for 4.5 hours, after the heat preservation is finished, the temperature is raised to 650 ℃ at the heating rate of 50 ℃/h for heat preservation, the heat preservation is carried out for 12 hours, after the heat preservation is finished, the forging stock is cooled along with the furnace at the cooling rate of 50 ℃/h, the furnace is cooled to 380 ℃, the forging stock is taken out of the furnace for air cooling, and the air cooling is carried out to the room temperature;
step 2), after the air cooling in the step 1) is finished, loading the forging stock into a box-type heating furnace for high-temperature spheroidizing annealing: the temperature of the furnace is 270 ℃, the temperature is increased to 600 ℃ according to the heating rate of 50 ℃/h, the temperature is kept for 4h, the temperature is increased to 910 ℃ at the heating rate of 80 ℃/h after the heat preservation is finished, the temperature is kept for 9.5h, the temperature is cooled along with the furnace at the cooling rate of 50 ℃/h after the heat preservation is finished, the temperature is kept when the furnace is cooled to 650 ℃, the temperature is kept for 10h, the furnace is cooled to 370 ℃ at the temperature of 30 ℃/h after the heat preservation is finished, the furnace is taken out of the furnace for air cooling, and the furnace is cooled to the room temperature;
step 3), after the air cooling in the step 2) is finished, the forging stock is put into a box-type heating furnace for low-temperature spheroidizing annealing: the temperature of the furnace is 210 ℃, the temperature is increased to 600 ℃ according to the heating rate of 50 ℃/h, the temperature is kept for 4h, the temperature is increased to 880 ℃ at the heating rate of 80 ℃/h after the temperature is kept, the temperature is kept for 9.5h, the temperature is cooled along with the furnace at the cooling rate of 50 ℃/h after the temperature is kept, the temperature is kept when the furnace is cooled to 650 ℃, the temperature is kept for 10h, the furnace is cooled to 382 ℃ at the temperature of 30 ℃/h after the temperature is kept, the furnace is taken out of the furnace for air cooling, and the furnace is air cooled to the room temperature.
After being produced according to the annealing process, the detection results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 test results
| Technical requirements | Grain size is not less than 4 grade | Flaw detection |
| Actual detection | 5 | Qualified |
After the annealing process for improving the coarseness of the grain size of the 1Cr11MoV forging stock is produced, the grain size and the flaw detection result meet the requirements.
Example 2: an annealing process for improving the coarseness of grain size of a 1Cr11MoV forging stock comprises the following chemical components: c =0.13%, si =0.34%, mn =0.40%, cr =10.40%, ni =0.34%, S =0.003%, P =0.014%, mo =0.53%, specification: phi 450mm, forging grain size: and (4) level 0. The annealing process comprises the following steps:
step 1), air cooling after forging: after forging, the surface temperature of a forging stock is 900 ℃, the forging stock is placed on a material rack for air cooling, the forging stock rotates 180 ℃ every ten minutes, the surface temperature of the forging stock is air-cooled to 280 ℃, the forging stock is placed in a box type heating furnace with the furnace temperature of 288 ℃ for heat preservation, the heat preservation is carried out for 4.5 hours, after the heat preservation is finished, the temperature is raised to 650 ℃ at the heating rate of 50 ℃/h for heat preservation, the heat preservation is carried out for 12 hours, after the heat preservation is finished, the forging stock is cooled along with the furnace at the cooling rate of 50 ℃/h, the furnace is cooled to 385 ℃, the forging stock is taken out of the furnace for air cooling, and the air cooling is carried out to the room temperature;
step 2), after the air cooling in the step 1) is finished, loading the forging stock into a box-type heating furnace for high-temperature spheroidizing annealing: the temperature of the furnace is 220 ℃, the temperature is increased to 600 ℃ according to the heating rate of 50 ℃/h, the temperature is kept for 4h, the temperature is increased to 910 ℃ at the heating rate of 80 ℃/h after the heat preservation is finished, the temperature is kept for 9.5h, the temperature is cooled along with the furnace at the cooling rate of 50 ℃/h after the heat preservation is finished, the temperature is kept when the furnace is cooled to 650 ℃, the temperature is kept for 10h, the furnace is cooled to 376 ℃ at the temperature of 30 ℃/h after the heat preservation is finished, the furnace is taken out of the furnace for air cooling, and the furnace is cooled to the room temperature;
step 3), after the air cooling in the step 2) is finished, the forging stock is put into a box-type heating furnace for low-temperature spheroidizing annealing: the temperature of the furnace is 155 ℃, the temperature is increased to 600 ℃ according to the temperature rising speed of 50 ℃/h, the temperature is kept for 4h, the temperature is increased to 880 ℃ at the temperature rising speed of 80 ℃/h after the temperature is kept, the temperature is kept for 9.5h, the furnace is cooled along with the furnace cooling at the temperature reducing speed of 50 ℃/h after the temperature is kept, the temperature is kept when the furnace is cooled to 650 ℃, the temperature is kept for 10h, the furnace is cooled to 391 ℃ at 30 ℃/h after the temperature is kept, the furnace is taken out of the furnace for air cooling, and the air cooling is carried out to the room temperature.
After being produced according to the annealing process, the detection results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 test results
| Technical requirements | Grain size not less than 4 grade | Flaw detection |
| Actual detection | 4 | Qualified |
After the annealing process for improving the coarseness of the grain size of the 1Cr11MoV forging stock is produced, the grain size and the flaw detection result meet the requirements.
Claims (1)
1. A heat treatment process for improving the coarseness of grain size of a 1Cr11MoV calendering roller is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the process is realized according to the following steps:
step 1), tempering after forging: after forging, placing the forging stock on a material rack for air cooling, rotating 180 ℃ every ten minutes, air-cooling the forging stock to 250-350 ℃ after the surface temperature of the forging stock is cooled, placing the forging stock in a box-type heating furnace with the furnace temperature of 280-350 ℃ for heat preservation, wherein the heat preservation time is calculated according to the thickness of the forging stock and ranges from 1h to 2h/100 mm;
step 2), high-temperature spheroidizing annealing: the temperature of the forging stock is less than or equal to 300 ℃, the forging stock is heated to 550-650 ℃ at the heating rate of less than or equal to 50 ℃/h, the temperature is kept for 2h-8h, the temperature is heated to 900-950 ℃ at the heating rate of less than or equal to 80 ℃/h after the heat preservation is finished, the heat preservation is carried out, the heat preservation time is calculated according to the thickness of the forging stock, the temperature is kept for 2h-3h/100 mm, the temperature is cooled along with the furnace at the cooling rate of less than or equal to 50 ℃/h after the heat preservation is finished, the heat is kept for 2h-20h when the temperature is lowered to 600-700 ℃, the forging stock is cooled to 300-400 ℃ after the heat preservation is finished, the forging stock is taken out of the furnace for air cooling, the air cooling is carried out to the room temperature, and the forging stock is loaded into a heating furnace for low-temperature spheroidizing annealing after the step 2) is finished;
step 3), low-temperature spheroidizing annealing: the temperature of the forging stock is less than or equal to 300 ℃, the forging stock is heated to 550-650 ℃ at the heating rate of less than or equal to 50 ℃/h, the forging stock is kept for 2-8h, the forging stock is heated to 850-900 ℃ at the heating rate of less than or equal to 80 ℃/h after the heat preservation is finished, the forging stock is kept for heat preservation for 2-3h/100 mm, the forging stock is cooled along with the furnace at the cooling rate of less than or equal to 50 ℃/h after the heat preservation is finished, the forging stock is kept for heat preservation for 2-2h when the furnace is cooled to 600-700 ℃, the forging stock is kept for heat preservation for 2-2h, the forging stock is cooled to 300-400 ℃ at the furnace is cooled again at less than or equal to 50 ℃/h after the heat preservation is finished, and the forging stock is taken out of the furnace for air cooling to room temperature.
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| CN202211602453.2A CN115786654A (en) | 2022-12-14 | 2022-12-14 | Annealing process for improving coarse grain size of 1Cr11MoV forging stock |
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