CN115780807B - Full-automatic magnet integrated forming device and method using unidirectional motion device - Google Patents

Full-automatic magnet integrated forming device and method using unidirectional motion device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115780807B
CN115780807B CN202211681161.2A CN202211681161A CN115780807B CN 115780807 B CN115780807 B CN 115780807B CN 202211681161 A CN202211681161 A CN 202211681161A CN 115780807 B CN115780807 B CN 115780807B
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magnet
die
sample
unidirectional
density
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CN115780807A (en
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刘丹
方彦雯
方志财
卫敏
熊杰夫
李子芊
倪钰琳
刘思楠
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Beijing Technology and Business University
Heye Health Technology Co Ltd
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Beijing Technology and Business University
Heye Health Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a full-automatic magnet integrated forming device and method utilizing a unidirectional motion device, and belongs to the technical field of magnet preparation. The device provided by the invention can enable the magnet alloy powder in the die sleeve to be compressed and molded after being oriented under a constant magnetic field; meanwhile, the problems of gaps of pressed billets and non-uniformity of density are solved through oscillation of different frequencies and amplitudes of the die and unidirectional movement of the punch, and the uniformity of the density of the magnet is improved; by combining the method provided by the invention, the remanence and the orientation degree of the magnet can be greatly improved; aiming at the problem that the magnet is scrapped due to the fact that plastic package is not tight in the traditional preparation process, about 1% -3% of oil leakage occurs, the invention omits an isostatic pressing process, realizes full-automatic integrated compression molding, reduces instability of manual operation, shortens preparation time, and greatly improves cost performance and yield of products.

Description

Full-automatic magnet integrated forming device and method using unidirectional motion device
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of magnet preparation, and particularly relates to a full-automatic magnet integrated forming device and method utilizing a unidirectional motion device.
Background
In the daily magnet manufacturing process, the magnetic field orientation and shaping of the magnet powder is a key process technology. The magnet powder orientation refers to the process that the easy axis of the magnetic powder particles rotates to be parallel or nearly parallel to the external magnetic field under the action of the external magnetic field; if the orientation of the magnet powder particles is disordered, an isotropic magnet is obtained with lower performance (remanence br=μ0ms/2); if the powder particles are oriented in the easy axis direction, an anisotropic magnet is produced with the maximum magnet remanence (remanence br=μ0ms). The magnetic powder forming is to put magnetic powder in a mould, apply an external magnetic field to orient, press the magnetic powder into a required shape after going to, then perform isostatic pressing treatment, release pressure to the magnetic green body successively, improve the density of the green body and the uniformity of the density distribution of the magnetic powder in the green body, thereby reducing the sintering cracking of the magnetic body; and finally, the isostatic product package is removed and stripped, and a preparation work waiting for sintering is performed. The performance and usability of the magnet are improved by heating the pressed magnet sample to a temperature below the melting point of the powder matrix phase and maintaining it for a period of time. Therefore, the powder compacts have a very important influence on the final properties of the magnet.
The current common method for pressing the magnet powder in the market is to mold the magnet powder after molding and then carry out isostatic pressing, so that automatic integrated pressing and forming are difficult to realize. In addition, the traditional magnet powder pressed compact has the conditions of uneven density and uneven void distribution, and the shrinkage rates of all parts of the magnet are different during sintering, so that the sintered magnet is deformed or cracked, and the yield and the utilization rate of the sintered magnet are seriously affected. When the molding pressure is very high, the particles in contact with each other are elastically or plastically deformed, which easily causes the sample to crack, and the microstructure is insufficient to produce high magnetic properties. In addition, although the mode of mould pressing and isostatic pressing can be used for preparing the sintered magnet with higher remanence at present, the technical requirement of the preparation process of the magnet with higher remanence is urgent along with the development of miniaturization and light weight of various products. In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a full-automatic magnet integrated forming device and method using a unidirectional motion device.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a full-automatic magnet integrated forming device and method by utilizing a unidirectional mover, and the method is used for eliminating a powerful pressing method of a press, solving the problems of gaps and density non-uniformity of powder pressed billets and improving the remanence and orientation degree of magnets; meanwhile, an isostatic pressing process is omitted, full-automatic integrated compression molding is realized, and the cost performance and the yield of products are improved.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the full-automatic magnet integrated forming device utilizing the unidirectional movement device comprises a machine body shell, wherein two buffering slide rail rods are vertically arranged in the machine body shell, a multi-stage hydraulic cylinder is fixedly arranged on the inner top surface and the inner bottom surface of the machine body shell, an upper die mechanism is connected to the telescopic tail end of the multi-stage hydraulic cylinder above, and a lower die mechanism is connected to the telescopic tail end of the unidirectional movement device below; the unidirectional movement device can only move unidirectionally along the axial direction, so that the unidirectional movement device can automatically move downwards/upwards only by sensing a gap, compact magnetic powder and prevent the condition of easy rebound in the traditional pressing method;
the upper die mechanism and the lower die mechanism comprise a supporting plate and a sliding sleeve, the supporting plate is fixedly connected with the telescopic tail end of the multistage hydraulic cylinder, the sliding sleeve is fixedly connected to two sides of the supporting plate, and one side, far away from the supporting plate, of the sliding sleeve is sleeved on a buffering sliding rail rod; by utilizing the design, the upper die mechanism and the lower die mechanism can move in a horizontal state, the upper sample table and the lower sample table are always aligned and pressed, the stability is improved, and the experimental error is reduced;
still fixedly connected with sample platform in the backup pad, sample platform keeps away from backup pad one end fixedly connected with fixing base, fixed mounting has vibrating motor between fixing base and the backup pad, the top sample platform one end fixedly connected with goes up the mould drift is kept away from to the fixing base, below sample platform one end fixedly connected with lower mould drift is kept away from to the fixing base, still fixed mounting has displacement sensor simultaneously on the fixing base.
Preferably, the upper die punch and the lower die punch are internally provided with a die cavity for pressing magnetic powder, the die cavity comprises a die and a top anvil embedded in the die, and the die cavity and the top anvil are fixedly connected to the sample table through an elastic buckle; a ring air flow sensor fixedly mounted on the top/bottom surface of the cavity; wherein the mould can be personalized to customize the shape and size according to the preparation requirement.
Preferably, an annular cylindrical die sleeve is fixedly connected to the outside of the die cavity, and the thickness of the die sleeve is 2-3 cm; the magnetic powder pressing device is used for resisting the pressure generated by pressing magnetic powder to the periphery by the upper pressing rod and the lower pressing rod, and reducing the deformation of a cylinder which is difficult to measure due to overlarge peripheral pressure;
a coil is wound on the outer side of the die sleeve, and two ends of the coil are respectively connected with two wiring terminals of the current source group; the generated current is introduced into the coil to form a constant magnetic field, a pulse magnetic field or a sinusoidal oscillation damping magnetic field according to the requirement, the constant magnetic field is always applied in the magnetic powder vibration process until the density of the magnet green compact reaches the requirement, and then the oscillation damping magnetic field is applied to demagnetize the magnet green compact.
Preferably, the annular scale marks are arranged on the telescopic rod body of the unidirectional movement device and used for reading telescopic length data in real time, the data are compared with data recorded by the displacement sensor, and the accuracy of the height data of the magnet sample and the follow-up density calculation data is better ensured.
A full-automatic magnet integrated forming method utilizing a unidirectional mover comprises the following steps:
s1, controlling an upper die mechanism and a lower die mechanism to be close to each other through a unidirectional motion device, and finishing pressing of a magnet sample;
s2, in the pressing process, providing a pulse magnetic field through a coil and a current source group, and orienting a magnet sample;
s3, when the displacement sensor detects that the displacement is stopped, the vibration motor is automatically started, the vibration motor drives the sample table to vibrate so as to discharge air in the die cavity, the magnetic powder in the die cavity is more compact and contracts in the vibration process, so that gaps are generated, and the unidirectional motion device senses and then automatically presses, so that the density of the green body is improved; the vibration amplitude, the frequency and the time can be freely set;
s4, in the vibration process, the unidirectional movement device is kept in an open state, and unidirectional driving is continuously carried out when a gap is perceived to exist, so that pressing is completed;
s5, in a period of time, when the displacement sensor detects that the displacement is stopped and the air flow detected by the air flow sensor is 0, the pressing is considered to be finished, and the unidirectional motion device is closed;
s6, recording final data of the displacement sensor in the S5 state, obtaining a height difference between the upper fixing seat and the lower fixing seat, and calculating to obtain the actual height of the magnet sample; and then calculate the volume of the magnet sample through the volume formula, and then further calculate the formula through the density: density = mass/volume, calculated as the density of the magnet sample;
and S7, judging whether the density of the magnet sample calculated in the S6 meets the requirement, and if so, completing the preparation work.
Preferably, the magnet height detection, volume calculation and density calculation mentioned in S6 are automatically performed by built-in algorithm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a full-automatic magnet integrated forming device and method by utilizing a unidirectional motion device, and the full-automatic magnet integrated forming device and method have the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention can shape the magnet orientation degree for multiple times to improve the density and uniformity of the unit weight of the formed body and the magnet orientation degree;
(2) The invention solves the problems of compact gaps and density non-uniformity through the oscillation of the die and the unidirectional movement of the punch, and improves the density uniformity of the magnet;
(3) The invention can greatly improve the remanence and the orientation degree of the magnet;
(4) In the traditional isostatic pressing process, about 1% -3% of oil leakage occurs due to the fact that plastic package is not tight, and therefore the magnet is scrapped. The invention can avoid the isostatic pressing process, realize full-automatic integrated compression molding, reduce the instability of manual operation and greatly improve the cost performance and the yield of products.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a front sectional structure of a fully automatic magnet integrated molding device using a unidirectional mover according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a right-side cross-sectional structure of a fully automatic magnet integrated device using a unidirectional mover according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a front view of a sample stage in a pulse power mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a front view of a sample stage in a DC power mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a comparison of sintered densities of magnets in examples of the present invention and comparative examples;
FIG. 6 is a comparison of the residual magnetism, coercive force, and maximum magnetic energy product of the magnet in the example of the present invention and the comparative example.
The reference numerals in the figures illustrate:
1. an upper die punch; 2. a lower die punch; 3. a die sleeve; 4. a coil; 5. a first capacitor; 6. a primary coil; 7. a secondary coil; 8. a pulse power supply; 9. a second capacitor; 10. a direct current power supply; k1, a main switch; k2, short-circuit switch; 11. a fuselage housing; 12. a unidirectional mover; 13. a support plate; 14. a sliding sleeve; 15. buffering the slide rail rod; 16. a sample stage; 17. a fixing seat; 18. a displacement sensor; 19. a vibration motor.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-2, the invention provides a full-automatic magnet integrated forming device using a unidirectional movement device, which comprises a machine body shell 11, wherein two buffer slide rail rods 15 are vertically arranged in the machine body shell 11, unidirectional movement devices 12 are fixedly arranged on the inner top surface and the inner bottom surface of the machine body shell 11, the telescopic tail end of the upper unidirectional movement device 12 is connected with an upper die mechanism, and the telescopic tail end of the lower unidirectional movement device 12 is connected with a lower die mechanism; the upper die mechanism and the lower die mechanism comprise a supporting plate 13 and a sliding sleeve 14, the supporting plate 13 is fixedly connected with the telescopic tail end of the unidirectional movement device 12, the sliding sleeve 14 is fixedly connected to two sides of the supporting plate 13, and one side, far away from the supporting plate 13, of the sliding sleeve 14 is sleeved on a buffering sliding rail rod 15; the supporting plate 13 is also fixedly connected with a sample table 16, one end, away from the supporting plate 13, of the sample table 16 is fixedly connected with a fixing seat 17, a vibrating motor 19 is fixedly installed between the fixing seat 17 and the supporting plate 13, one end, away from the sample table 16, of the upper fixing seat 17 is fixedly connected with an upper die punch 1, one end, away from the sample table 16, of the lower fixing seat 17 is fixedly connected with a lower die punch 2, and a displacement sensor 18 is also fixedly installed on the fixing seat 17.
The inner parts of the upper die punch head 1 and the lower die punch head 2 are respectively provided with a die cavity for pressing magnetic powder, each die cavity comprises a die and a top anvil embedded in the die, and the die cavities and the top anvil are fixedly connected to the sample table 16 through elastic buckles; an annular air flow sensor is fixedly mounted on the top/bottom surface in the mold cavity.
The outside of the die cavity is fixedly connected with an annular cylindrical die sleeve 3, and the thickness of the die sleeve 3 is 2-3 cm; the outside of the die sleeve 3 is wound with a coil 4, and two ends of the coil 4 are respectively connected with two wiring terminals of the current source group.
Referring to fig. 3, the current source group is composed of a pulse power source 8, a first mutual inductance solenoid and a first capacitor 5, wherein the first mutual inductance solenoid is composed of a primary coil 6 and a first secondary coil 7, two ends of the primary coil 6 are respectively connected with two output ends of the pulse power source 8, and two ends of the secondary coil 7 are connected in series with a system composed of a coil 4 and a capacitor 5; referring to fig. 4, the current source may further include a dc power supply 10, a second transformer coil, a main switch K1, a short-circuit switch K2, and a second capacitor 9, where the second transformer coil is an air-core transformer coil formed by winding a primary coil 6 and a secondary coil 7 together, an output end of the dc power supply 10 is connected to one end of the main switch K1, the other end of the main switch K1 is connected to one end of the primary coil 6 and one end of the short-circuit switch K2, the other end of the short-circuit switch K2 is connected to the other end of the dc power supply 10 and the other end of the primary coil 6, and two ends of the secondary coil 7 are connected in parallel with a system formed by the primary coil 4 and the second capacitor 9.
The current source group may be composed of the primary coil 6, the secondary coil 7 and the first capacitor 5 in fig. 3, or the primary coil 6, the secondary coil 7, the short-circuit switch K2 and the second capacitor 9 in fig. 4. Two ends of the coil are respectively connected with two wiring terminals of the current source group; the generated current is fed into the coil to form a constant magnetic field, a pulse magnetic field or a sine oscillation damping magnetic field according to the requirement. And applying an alternating pulse magnetic field in the magnetic powder vibration process until the density of the magnet green compact reaches the requirement, switching off a main switch K1, pressing a short-circuit switch K2, and then applying an oscillation damping magnetic field to demagnetize the magnet green compact.
Referring to fig. 5-6, the following describes a method for integrally forming a full-automatic magnet by using a unidirectional mover according to the present invention, with reference to the above-mentioned apparatus and related examples:
example 1:
the formula of the magnet comprises the following components: (PrNd) 31 Fe 66.22 B 0.98 M 1.8 (M is one or more of Co, cu, al, ga, zr), which comprises the following steps:
s1, controlling an upper die mechanism and a lower die mechanism to be close to each other through a unidirectional mover 12, and finishing pressing of a magnet sample;
s2, in the pressing process, providing a pulse magnetic field through the coil 4 and the current source group, and orienting the magnet sample;
s3, when the displacement sensor 18 detects that the displacement is stopped, the vibration motor 19 is automatically started, and the vibration motor 19 drives the sample stage 16 to vibrate up and down within the range of 20mm for 60 times so as to discharge air in the die cavity, so that the powder is uniformly distributed;
s4, in the vibration process, the unidirectional mover 12 is kept in an open state, and unidirectional driving is continuously carried out when a gap is perceived to exist, so that pressing is completed;
s5, after development is finished, an isostatic pressing process is not needed, and when the displacement sensor 18 detects that displacement is stopped or the air flow detected by the air flow sensor is 0 in a period of time, pressing is considered to be finished, and the unidirectional motion device 12 is closed;
s6, the displacement sensor 18 can automatically record final data in the S5 state to obtain the height difference between the upper fixing seat 17 and the lower fixing seat 17, and obtain the actual height of the magnet sample; and then the volume of the magnet sample is obtained through a volume calculation formula, and then the volume of the magnet sample is obtained through a density calculation formula: density = mass/volume, calculated as the density of the magnet sample;
and S7, judging whether the density of the magnet sample calculated in the S6 meets the requirement, and if so, completing the preparation work.
And detecting parameters of the green density, the remanence, the coercive force and the maximum magnetic energy product of the sintered magnet sample in the preparation process, and recording and finishing detection results.
Example 2:
based on example 1, but with the difference that the basic operation flow was kept unchanged, the number of vibrations was changed to 50, and the relevant data was recorded and collated.
Example 3:
based on example 1, but with the difference that the basic operation flow was kept unchanged, the number of vibrations was changed to 40, and the relevant data was recorded and collated.
Example 4:
based on example 1, but with the difference that the basic operation flow was kept unchanged, the up-down vibration height was changed to 30mm, the vibration times was changed to 30 times, and the related data were recorded and collated.
Example 5:
based on example 1, but with the difference that the basic operation flow was kept unchanged, the up-down vibration height was changed to 40mm, the vibration times was changed to 30 times, and the related data were recorded and collated.
Comparative example 1:
and (3) performing conventional die pressing and cold isostatic pressing operations by adopting a traditional magnet preparation method, and recording and finishing related data.
Comparative example 2:
and a conventional magnet preparation method is adopted to execute conventional mould pressing operation, so that cold isostatic pressing operation is omitted, and related data are recorded and arranged.
The data in the above examples and comparative examples are summarized to give table 1.
TABLE 1
Referring to table 1 and fig. 5-6, the uniformity of the magnet material prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention is well optimized, and the performance of the sintered magnet material is also well improved even if the isostatic pressing process is omitted. In comparative example 1, the obtained magnet powder compact was not uniform in density and not uniform in void distribution, resulting in different shrinkage rates of the respective portions of the magnet at the time of sintering. Therefore, even if the green density is high, the density of the sintered magnet is only 7.51g/cm 3 Lower than in all embodiments. In addition, the remanence of the magnet was 13.6kGs, lower than in all examples; the coercivity was 14.2kOe, lower than example 1; the maximum magnetic energy product was 44.7MGOe, lower than in all examples. The device and the method provided by the invention not only shorten the preparation time and save the preparation cost, but also improve the performance of the magnet. Comparative example 2 the green density was significantly reduced to 3.2g/cm 3 The powder compact was not only low in density but also unevenly distributed, resulting in a sintered magnet density of only 6.65g/cm 3 . In addition, the performance of the sintered finished magnet also decays greatly, the remanence is 11.7kGs, the coercivity is 8.2kOe, and the maximum magnetic energy product is 32.1MGOe, which is lower than all examples.
In summary, the preparation method of the invention simplifies the preparation process well, and simultaneously makes the magnet keep high performance.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. The full-automatic magnet integrated forming device utilizing the unidirectional movement device comprises a machine body shell (11), and is characterized in that two buffer slide rail rods (15) are vertically arranged in the machine body shell (11), the unidirectional movement device (12) is fixedly arranged on the inner top surface and the inner bottom surface of the machine body shell (11), the telescopic tail end of the unidirectional movement device (12) is connected with an upper die mechanism, and the telescopic tail end of the unidirectional movement device (12) below is connected with a lower die mechanism; the upper die mechanism and the lower die mechanism comprise a supporting plate (13) and a sliding sleeve (14), the supporting plate (13) is fixedly connected with the telescopic tail end of the unidirectional movement device (12), the sliding sleeve (14) is fixedly connected to two sides of the supporting plate (13), and one side, far away from the supporting plate (13), of the sliding sleeve (14) is sleeved on a buffering sliding rail rod (15); the device is characterized in that a sample table (16) is fixedly connected to the supporting plate (13), a fixing seat (17) is fixedly connected to one end, away from the supporting plate (13), of the sample table (16), a vibrating motor (19) is fixedly installed between the fixing seat (17) and the supporting plate (13), an upper die punch (1) is fixedly connected to one end, away from the sample table (16), of the fixing seat (17), a lower die punch (2) is fixedly connected to one end, away from the sample table (16), of the fixing seat (17), and a displacement sensor (18) is fixedly installed on the fixing seat (17);
the upper die punch (1) and the lower die punch (2) are internally provided with die cavities for pressing magnetic powder, each die cavity comprises a die and a top anvil embedded in the die, and the die cavities and the top anvil are fixedly connected to a sample table (16) through elastic buckles; a ring air flow sensor fixedly mounted on the top/bottom surface of the cavity;
the outside of the die cavity is fixedly connected with an annular cylindrical die sleeve (3), and the thickness of the die sleeve (3) is 2-3 cm; the outside of die sleeve (3) is twined and is had coil (4), coil (4) both ends are connected with two wiring ends of electric current source group respectively.
2. A full-automatic magnet integrally forming method applied to a full-automatic magnet integrally forming device using a one-way mover as set forth in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
s1, controlling an upper die mechanism and a lower die mechanism to be close to each other through a unidirectional motion device, and finishing pressing of a magnet sample;
s2, in the pressing process, providing a pulse magnetic field through a coil (4) and a current source group, and orienting a magnet sample;
s3, when the displacement sensor (18) detects that the displacement is stopped, the vibration motor (19) is automatically started, and the sample table (16) is driven to vibrate through the vibration motor (19) so as to discharge air in the die cavity;
s4, in the vibration process, the unidirectional movement device is kept in an open state, and unidirectional driving is continuously carried out when a gap is perceived to exist, so that pressing is completed;
s5, in a period of time, when the displacement sensor (18) detects that the displacement is stopped or the air flow detected by the air flow sensor is 0, the pressing is considered to be finished, and the unidirectional motion device is closed;
s6, the displacement sensor (18) can automatically record final data in the S5 state to obtain the height difference between the upper fixing seat (17) and the lower fixing seat (17) so as to obtain the actual height of the magnet sample; and then the volume of the magnet sample is obtained through a volume calculation formula, and then the volume of the magnet sample is obtained through a density calculation formula: density = mass/volume, calculated as the density of the magnet sample;
and S7, judging whether the density of the magnet sample calculated in the S6 meets the requirement, and if so, completing the preparation work.
3. The method for integrally forming a full-automatic magnet using a unidirectional mover as set forth in claim 2, wherein the operations of the height detection, the volume calculation and the density calculation of the magnet mentioned in S6 are automatically performed by a built-in algorithm.
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US5250255A (en) * 1990-11-30 1993-10-05 Intermetallics Co., Ltd. Method for producing permanent magnet and sintered compact and production apparatus for making green compacts
JPH11176682A (en) * 1997-12-11 1999-07-02 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd Manufacturing bond (trade mark) magnet
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