CN115779816A - Highland barley beta-dextran system of processing - Google Patents
Highland barley beta-dextran system of processing Download PDFInfo
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- CN115779816A CN115779816A CN202211493828.6A CN202211493828A CN115779816A CN 115779816 A CN115779816 A CN 115779816A CN 202211493828 A CN202211493828 A CN 202211493828A CN 115779816 A CN115779816 A CN 115779816A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of highland barley processing systems, and discloses a highland barley beta-glucan processing system which comprises a pretreatment unit, an extraction unit, an impurity removal unit, a concentration unit, an alcohol precipitation unit and a drying and crushing unit, wherein the pretreatment unit is used for carrying out desquamation treatment on highland barley to obtain highland barley raw materials; the impurity removal unit comprises a horizontal screw centrifuge and a disc centrifuge which are arranged in sequence. The technical scheme overcomes the prejudice of the prior art, creatively adopts the peeled highland barley as the extraction raw material of the highland barley beta-glucan, and improves the purity and the extraction rate of the highland barley beta-glucan. The highland barley beta-glucan processing system is optimized, in the impurity removal stage, a combined separation mode of a horizontal screw centrifuge and a disc centrifuge is adopted, large-particle impurities in the extracting solution are removed through the horizontal screw centrifuge, small-particle impurities are removed through the disc centrifuge, the impurity interference on the highland barley beta-glucan extraction effect can be avoided, and the purity and the extraction rate of the highland barley beta-glucan are further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of highland barley processing systems, in particular to a highland barley beta-glucan processing system.
Background
Highland barley (Latin's name: hordeum vulgare Linn. Var. Nudum hook. F.), a barley plant of Gramineae, which is a variety of barley, is a common grain crop of Tibetan, and is mainly distributed in autonomous states of Tibetan, qinghai, ganzui, sichuan province, gansu Tibetan, yunnan province, and Yunnan and Guizhou provinces of Tibet, qinghai, and Abagan province. Highland barley is a special type of barley, has higher nutrient content than rice, wheat and corn, and is a crop for eating, feeding, brewing and medicinal purposes. In grain crops, the highland barley has the characteristics of high protein, high fiber, high vitamin, low fat, low sugar and the like; the protein content is 6.35-21.00%, the average value is 11.31%, which is higher than that of wheat, rice and corn. The starch content is 40.54-67.68%, the average 59.25%, and generally 74-78% amylopectin, some even up to or near 100%. The crude fat is 1.18-3.09%, the average value is 2.13%, and the crude fat is lower than that of corn and oat, but higher than that of wheat and rice; it also contains oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, etc. with cholesterol lowering effect; the soluble fiber and total fiber content are higher than other cereal crops; the highland barley is rich in B vitamins, vitamin C and the like; the trace elements of calcium, phosphorus, iron, copper, zinc, manganese and selenium are all higher than those of corn, wherein the content of iron is higher than that of wheat and rice.
The highland barley is the only mature crop with the altitude of more than 3500 m, and the abundant nutritional value and health care function of the highland barley are inoculated in extremely severe climatic environments with high altitude, oxygen deficiency, high radiation, low temperature, large day and night temperature difference and the like. The highland barley contains abundant beta-glucan, which is a crop with the highest content of the beta-glucan in the grains, and the content of the highland barley beta-glucan accounts for 3-5% of the highland barley. In-vivo and in-vitro researches on beta-glucan in recent years show that the highland barley beta-glucan can achieve the effect of reducing blood fat from 4 ways of absorbing grease, bile salt, cholesterol and inhibiting pancreatic lipase activity, can increase the influence of MnSOD (manganese superoxide dismutase) on angiogenesis, has important significance for preventing ischemic remodeling and heart failure, and also has important effects on immunoregulation and inhibiting tumor cell activity. Therefore, in recent years, highland barley and highland barley beta-glucan become more and more research and development hotspots in the industry. In the research of the highland barley beta-glucan, the effect of extracting the highland barley beta-glucan is not good all the time, and the extraction rate is not ideal. Therefore, there is a need to develop a new highland barley beta-glucan processing system to improve the extraction effect of highland barley beta-glucan.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a highland barley beta-glucan processing system to solve the problem that the effect of highland barley beta-glucan extraction by a highland barley beta-glucan processing system in the prior art is not ideal.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a highland barley beta-glucan processing system comprises a pretreatment unit, an extraction unit, an impurity removal unit, a concentration unit, an alcohol precipitation unit and a drying and crushing unit, wherein the pretreatment unit is used for carrying out peeling treatment on highland barley to obtain highland barley raw materials; the impurity removal unit comprises a horizontal screw centrifuge and a disc centrifuge which are arranged in sequence.
The principle and the advantages of the scheme are as follows: in practical application, in the technical scheme, reverse cause analysis is carried out aiming at the problem that the extraction effect of the highland barley beta-glucan in the prior art is not ideal: the content of the highland barley beta glucan accounts for about 3-5% of the highland barley, and in the prior art, a great deal of research and literature reports that the highland barley beta glucan is rich in the highland barley bran, so that most of the previous research and development focuses on using the highland barley bran as a raw material, and the research and development focus mainly on how to improve the extraction rate of the highland barley beta glucan by using the highland barley bran as the raw material. However, a large number of tests at the early stage show that the content of highland barley beta-glucan in the highland barley bran is about 2-3%, and higher breakthrough can not be achieved all the time. The inventor accidentally tries to extract the highland barley beta-glucan by using the peeled highland barley, and the result shows that 6.3 to 8.8 grams of the highland barley beta-glucan can be obtained by grinding 100 grams of the highland barley, and the extraction rate is about 50 percent. In the scheme, the pretreatment unit is used for carrying out peeling treatment on the highland barley, and removing a bran layer and an aleurone layer of the highland barley to obtain the highland barley rice with a reserved endosperm layer. And then, the highland barley beta-glucan is extracted from the highland barley by using an extraction unit. The highland barley beta-glucan water solution obtained after extraction is a high-viscosity liquid, which causes a lot of difficulties for separating impurities, especially for industrial production; meanwhile, the specific gravity of impurities in the solution is very close to that of water, which brings great trouble to centrifugal separation, and causes low extraction rate and low purity of the produced highland barley beta-glucan, which is also a technical difficulty for industrialized production of highland barley beta-glucan. According to the scheme, the impurity removal unit is used for carrying out centrifugal impurity removal on the highland barley beta-glucan aqueous solution, a combined separation mode of a horizontal screw centrifuge and a disc centrifuge is adopted, large-particle impurities in the extracting solution are removed through the horizontal screw centrifuge, small-particle impurities are removed through the disc centrifuge, the impurity interference on the extracting effect of the highland barley beta-glucan can be avoided, and the purity and the extracting rate of the highland barley beta-glucan are further improved. After the treatment of an impurity removal unit, the highland barley beta glucan powder is obtained by concentration, alcohol precipitation, drying and crushing.
Preferably, as an improvement, the pretreatment unit comprises a peeling machine and a crusher, a sand roller and a sieve plate are arranged in the peeling machine, the distance between the sand roller and the sieve plate is 4.5-5.0mm, and the crusher crushes the peeled highland barley to 60 meshes.
In the technical scheme, the huller is respectively used for hulling highland barley and a crushing process after hulling, in the hulling process, the distance between the sand roller and the sieve plate has certain influence on the hulling effect, and the hulling is incomplete or even impossible due to overlarge distance; in a proper distance range, the smaller the distance is, the better the peeling effect is, and the too small distance can cause the problem of 'stuffiness', so that the normal use of equipment is influenced. The hulled highland barley is crushed into 60 meshes by a crusher, so that the highland barley is convenient to extract. The larger the crushed mesh number is, the smaller the particle size is, the increased specific surface area of the material can accelerate the dissolution of the highland barley beta-glucan, but if the particle size is too small (> 100 meshes), the difficulty of separation can be increased.
Preferably, as an improvement, the extraction unit comprises an extraction tank, a stirring shaft and stirring blades are arranged in the extraction tank, and a heating layer and a temperature regulation panel are arranged on the tank wall of the extraction tank.
In the technical scheme, the extraction unit is used for alkali extraction of highland barley beta-glucan, and the heating temperature of the extraction tank can be adjusted through the temperature adjusting panel in the extraction stage so as to ensure the optimal extraction condition.
Preferably, as a modification, the concentration unit includes a concentration tank to which a vacuum pump is connected.
In the technical scheme, the concentration tank is used for concentrating the extracting solution, and the vacuum pump is connected to the concentration tank, so that reduced pressure concentration can be realized, the concentrating can be completed at a lower temperature, and the damage and the decomposition of functional components of the extracting solution caused by high-temperature concentration are avoided.
Preferably, as an improvement, the alcohol precipitation unit includes the alcohol precipitation jar, is provided with the stirring subassembly in the alcohol precipitation jar.
Among this technical scheme, the alcohol precipitation jar can provide a relatively inclosed space as the alcohol precipitation process, through set up the stirring subassembly in the alcohol precipitation jar, can realize the abundant contact of ethanol and concentrate, and then guarantee the alcohol precipitation effect.
Preferably, as an improvement, the drying and crushing unit comprises a drying box and a crusher which are arranged in sequence, and a screen is arranged in the crusher, wherein the mesh number of the screen is 80 meshes.
In the technical scheme, the drying box is used for drying the precipitate to obtain solid highland barley beta-glucan after drying, and the powdery highland barley beta-glucan can be obtained by crushing the solid highland barley beta-glucan.
Preferably, as an improvement, the drying oven is a hot air circulation drying oven.
In the technical scheme, the heated air circulation type drying oven is uniform in heating, and materials to be dried in the drying oven can be uniformly dehydrated.
Preferably, as an improvement, the system further comprises an ethanol recovery unit, and the ethanol recovery unit is an ethanol recovery tower.
In the technical scheme, the recoverable alcohol content of each batch (100 kg of highland barley) of highland barley beta-glucan is 100-300kg, the purity is about 50%, 95% of ethanol can be obtained for recycling after the ethanol is recycled by a recycling tower, and the alcohol content of the waste liquid discharge is lower than 0.5%. In the development process, the inventor also tries to recover ethanol by using a reduced pressure reflux method, but the obtained ethanol content is only about 70%, and the recovery availability is low.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the highland barley beta-glucan processing system in the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following is a detailed description of the embodiments, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the following embodiments are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art; the experimental methods used are all conventional methods; the materials, reagents and the like used are all commercially available.
Reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: the device comprises a pretreatment unit 1, an extraction unit 2, an impurity removal unit 3, a concentration unit 4, an alcohol precipitation unit 5, a drying and crushing unit 6 and an ethanol recovery unit 7.
The embodiment is basically as shown in the attached figure 1: a highland barley beta-glucan processing system comprises a pretreatment unit 1, an extraction unit 2, an impurity removal unit 3, a concentration unit 4, an alcohol precipitation unit 5, a drying and crushing unit 6 and an ethanol recovery unit 7.
The pretreatment unit 1 is used for peeling highland barley, removing embryo, aleurone layer and sub-aleurone layer, reserving endosperm layer, and using the peeled highland barley as the raw material for extracting highland barley beta-glucan. The pretreatment unit 1 comprises a peeling machine, the peeling machine in the embodiment is a VCW5A peeling machine of Suzhou pillar machinery, and the parameter conditions in the peeling process are as follows: current: 150. 120, 75A; flow rate: 4.5 tons/hour; wind pressure is 0.7-0.8kpa; the distance between the sand roller and the sieve plate: 4.5,5.0 mm.
The extraction unit 2 is used for extracting highland barley beta-glucan from the peeled highland barley, the extraction unit 2 comprises an extraction tank, a stirring shaft is connected in the extraction tank in a rotating mode, a plurality of stirring blades are axially fixed on the stirring shaft along the axial direction of the stirring shaft, a heating layer and a temperature adjusting button are arranged on the tank wall of the extraction tank, the heating layer in the embodiment is an electric heating layer, the temperature adjusting button is used for adjusting the heating temperature, and the circuit connection mode and the use mode are the prior art. During extraction, 100kg of peeled 25 g of dark blue highland barley is taken, 1800kg of drinking water is added, then a saturated sodium carbonate solution is added to adjust the pH value to 8.5-9.5, heating and stirring are carried out, and when the temperature reaches 45 ℃, timing and extracting are carried out for 2h, thus obtaining the extracting solution.
The highland barley beta-glucan extracting solution is a high-viscosity liquid, and can cause a lot of difficulties for separating impurities, especially for industrial production; meanwhile, the specific gravity of impurities in the solution is very close to that of water, which brings great trouble to centrifugal separation, and causes low extraction rate and low purity of the produced highland barley beta-glucan, which is also a technical difficulty for industrialized production of highland barley beta-glucan. The impurity removal unit 3 is used for separating impurities from the highland barley beta-glucan extracting solution, the impurity removal unit 3 comprises a horizontal screw centrifuge and a disc centrifuge, large-particle impurities in the extracting solution are removed through the LW350SD 1400 horizontal screw centrifuge, and small-particle impurities are removed through the KZG-WL350D disc centrifuge. The conditions of the horizontal screw centrifuge treatment are as follows: the frequency of the main machine is 48Hz, the frequency of the auxiliary machine is 44Hz, the feeding speed is 1000kg/h, and the rotating speed is 3600r/min, so that the solid content in the liquid phase is below 5 percent, and clear liquid is collected to a buffer tank for temporary storage. And then, carrying out secondary centrifugation on the clear liquid in the buffer tank through a disc centrifuge, wherein the conditions of the disc centrifuge during treatment are as follows: the feeding speed is 500kg/h, the disc rotating speed is 7000r/min, the deslagging frequency is 5 min/time, and when the solid content in the liquid phase is below 2%, clear liquid starts to be collected.
The concentration unit 4 is used for heating and concentrating the liquid phase after centrifugal impurity removal, the concentration unit 4 comprises a concentration tank, the concentration tank is connected with a vacuum pump, the vacuum concentration is realized through the vacuum pump, and the conditions of the vacuum concentration are that the pressure is-0.06 to-0.08 MPa, and the temperature is 60 ℃.
The drying and crushing unit 6 is used for drying and crushing the filter residue (highland barley beta-glucan), and the drying and crushing unit 6 comprises a drying box which is a hot air circulation type drying box. When drying, the upper filter residue is added into drinking water, stirred for 10min, stood for 30min, and filtered by 200-mesh filter cloth after standing. The drying temperature is 60 ℃, and the drying time is 4h. The grinding unit is a grinder, a screen is arranged in the grinder, the mesh number of the screen is 80 meshes, and the highland barley beta-glucan solid powder is obtained after grinding.
The ethanol recovery unit 7 is used for recovering and reusing ethanol used in the process, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the cost, in this embodiment, the ethanol recovery unit 7 includes an ethanol recovery tower, and the ethanol recovery tower is of a JH-400 type. And the JH-400 type ethanol recovery tower is adopted to recycle the ethanol to obtain the ethanol with the purity of 95 percent, so that the recycling can be realized.
The technical scheme overcomes the prejudice of the prior art, creatively adopts the peeled highland barley as the extraction raw material of the highland barley beta-glucan, and improves the purity and the extraction rate of the highland barley beta-glucan. The highland barley beta-glucan processing system is optimized, in the impurity removal stage, a combined separation mode of a horizontal screw centrifuge and a disc centrifuge is adopted, large particle impurities in the extracting solution are removed through the horizontal screw centrifuge, small particle impurities are removed through the disc centrifuge, the impurity interference on the extracting effect of the highland barley beta-glucan can be avoided, and the purity and the extracting rate of the highland barley beta-glucan are further improved. By adopting the process of the technical scheme, 6.3-8.8 g of highland barley beta-glucan can be obtained by crushing 100 g of highland barley, the extraction rate is about 50%, and the process has important application significance and popularization value in the field.
Experimental example-optimization experiment of highland barley beta-glucan raw material
Highland barley bran, hulled highland barley I (with embryo bud, aleurone layer and part of endosperm layer removed), hulled highland barley II (with embryo bud, aleurone layer and aleurone layer removed) and hulled highland barley III (with embryo bud removed) are respectively used as raw materials, highland barley beta-glucan is extracted by the extraction process of example 1, and the purity and extraction rate of highland barley beta-glucan are calculated, and the results are shown in table 1. Extraction yield = mass of extract x purity of β -glucan/content of β -glucan in the raw material.
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the highland barley beta-glucan extracted by using the traditional highland barley bran as the raw material has the extraction rate and the purity of 36 percent and 41 percent respectively; highland barley beta-glucan is extracted by using highland barley containing peel as a raw material, and the extraction rate and the purity are respectively 38 percent and 40 percent; the highland barley beta-glucan is extracted by using the peeled highland barley as a raw material, the extraction rate and the purity are obviously improved, and the peeled highland barley I (with embryo buds, aleurone layers, sub-aleurone layers and partial endosperm layers removed) and the peeled highland barley II (with embryo buds, aleurone layers and sub-aleurone layers removed) are preferably used, and the extraction rate and the purity of the highland barley beta-glucan are both more than 50%.
TABLE 1
Optimization of impurity removal mode of experimental example two
In the experiment, the peeled highland barley I is used as a raw material, the impurity removal mode is used as a variable, and the influence of different impurity removal modes on the impurity removal effect and the highland barley beta-glucan extraction effect is researched under the condition that other parameters are unchanged as in example 1, wherein the specific experiment design and the experiment results are shown in table 2. As can be seen from the data in Table 2, the solid content can be reduced to 5% by using the horizontal screw centrifuge alone, and the solid content of the clear liquid can be reduced to below 2% by using the horizontal screw centrifuge and the disc centrifuge together according to the technical scheme, so that the effect is remarkable. And the effect is not good enough when other filtering modes are replaced.
Wherein, the evaluation criteria of the separation effect are as follows: taking 15ml of centrifuged clear liquid, placing the clear liquid into a centrifuge tube, centrifuging the clear liquid for 5 minutes at a rotating speed of 6000 rpm by using a desk centrifuge, taking out the centrifuge tube, and observing the solid content ratio of the middle lower part of the centrifuge tube, wherein the solid content ratio is greater than 20% and is determined as poor, 5-20% is determined as poor, 2-5% is determined as good, and the solid content ratio is determined as good below 2%.
TABLE 2
The foregoing is merely an example of the present invention and common general knowledge in the art of designing and/or characterizing particular aspects and/or features is not described in any greater detail herein. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, several variations and modifications can be made, and these should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention, which will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be defined by the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A highland barley beta-glucan processing system is characterized in that: the highland barley processing device comprises a pretreatment unit, an extraction unit, an impurity removal unit, a concentration unit, an alcohol precipitation unit and a drying and crushing unit, wherein the pretreatment unit is used for carrying out peeling treatment on highland barley to obtain a highland barley raw material; the impurity removal unit comprises a horizontal screw centrifuge and a disc centrifuge which are arranged in sequence.
2. The highland barley beta-glucan processing system according to claim 1, wherein: the pretreatment unit comprises a peeling machine and a crushing machine, wherein a sand roller and a sieve plate are arranged in the peeling machine, and the distance between the sand roller and the sieve plate is 4.5-5.0mm; the hulled highland barley is crushed to 60 meshes by a crusher.
3. The highland barley beta-glucan processing system according to claim 2, wherein: the extraction unit comprises an extraction tank, wherein a stirring shaft and stirring blades are arranged in the extraction tank, and a heating layer and a temperature regulation panel are arranged on the tank wall of the extraction tank.
4. The highland barley beta-glucan processing system according to claim 3, wherein: the concentration unit comprises a concentration tank, and the concentration tank is connected with a vacuum pump.
5. The highland barley beta-glucan processing system according to claim 4, wherein: the alcohol precipitation unit comprises an alcohol precipitation tank, and a stirring assembly is arranged in the alcohol precipitation tank.
6. The highland barley beta-glucan processing system according to claim 5, wherein: the drying and crushing unit comprises a drying box and a crusher which are sequentially arranged, and the drying box is a hot air circulating drying box.
7. The highland barley beta-glucan processing system according to claim 6, wherein: the pulverizer is internally provided with a screen, and the mesh number of the screen is 80 meshes.
8. The highland barley beta-glucan processing system according to claim 7, wherein: the device also comprises an ethanol recovery unit, wherein the ethanol recovery unit is an ethanol recovery tower.
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