CN115777322A - Double-layer reciprocating vibration type potato digging device and harvester - Google Patents
Double-layer reciprocating vibration type potato digging device and harvester Download PDFInfo
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- CN115777322A CN115777322A CN202211705797.6A CN202211705797A CN115777322A CN 115777322 A CN115777322 A CN 115777322A CN 202211705797 A CN202211705797 A CN 202211705797A CN 115777322 A CN115777322 A CN 115777322A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/14—Measures for saving energy, e.g. in green houses
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- Harvesting Machines For Root Crops (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a double-layer reciprocating vibration type potato digging device and a harvester, which comprise a digging shovel, a vibration grid, a driving device, an adjusting device and a transition conveying chain, wherein the digging shovel is arranged on the lower part of the digging shovel; the digging shovel comprises an upper fixed shovel and a lower movable shovel; the upper layer fixed shovel is arranged above the lower layer movable shovel, the upper layer fixed shovel and the lower layer movable shovel are stacked in a staggered mode, and the shovel tip of the lower layer movable shovel extends to the front of the shovel tip of the upper layer fixed shovel; the shovel surface of the upper layer fixed shovel is provided with densely arranged round micro-protrusion structures; the vibration grid bars are arranged between the digging device and the transition conveying chain; the driving device is respectively connected with the lower layer movable shovel and the vibrating grid bar; the vibrating device is used for driving the lower layer moving shovel and the vibrating grid strip to vibrate back and forth; the adjusting device is arranged on a frame of the potato harvester and connected with the digging shovel and used for adjusting the digging depth and the soil-entering angle; the transition conveying chain is arranged behind the digging shovel. The invention can effectively reduce the digging resistance during potato harvesting operation, avoid the phenomena of hilling and potato damage, and greatly improve the harvesting efficiency and the operation performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of potato harvesting and digging, and particularly relates to a double-layer reciprocating vibration type potato digging device and a harvester.
Background
The potato can be used as vegetable and grain, and can be used for producing leisure food and industrial raw material. Compared with other staple food, the potatoes have the advantages of less resource consumption and strong extreme climate resistance. At present, the traditional potato harvester is simple and crude in device, poor in performance index, incapable of adjusting digging depth and capable of generating serious potato damage and potato leakage in the digging process; meanwhile, the machine type can not meet the operation requirement of a wet clay environment, soil is easy to accumulate and block on a shovel surface, not only is the potato easy to be extruded and damaged, but also the operation load of continuous conveying and separation is seriously increased, and the potato-soil-stem leaf separation is not clean.
Aiming at the problems of high potato damage rate, high potato leakage rate and serious soil accumulation phenomenon of the traditional potato digging device, the current adopted solution mainly focuses on improving the structure and materials of the digging shovel. For example, utility model CN202021840647.2 discloses a viscosity-reducing and resistance-reducing bionic potato digger blade, which is a bionic digger blade designed based on bamboo rat tooth structure and solving the problem of soil accumulation nucleation, and can effectively reduce adverse effects of large working resistance, serious soil adhesion and the like of the digger blade in the potato harvesting process, so as to improve the working efficiency of potato harvesting machinery and prolong the service life of the digger blade, but the digger blade has a complex process and is difficult to popularize and apply, and the patent only relates to the improvement of the digger blade structure, and lacks a solution for optimizing the digging performance of potatoes in the aspect of improving operation parameters; the utility model CN201721304840.2 discloses a two-sided electroosmosis self-adaptation two spring microvibration formula potato excavating gear, this patent leans on the contraction forward motion of longitudinal muscle extension and ring muscle in the motion process through the vertical spring and the horizontal spring subassembly simulation earthworm be connected with the digger blade, the self-adaptation profile modeling function of digger blade is realized through the compression spring of level and vertical position, still on the digger blade simultaneously, touch the soil face down and set up two-sided electroosmosis and form the desorption electroosmosis interface that subtracts viscosity, reach the purpose that subtracts viscosity drag reduction, but this patent has the uncertainty on the implementation method, along with the increase of soil moisture content, microvibration and electroosmosis interface can't reach ideal operation effect gradually.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides the double-layer reciprocating vibration type potato digging device which can effectively reduce digging resistance during potato harvesting operation, avoid hilling and potato damage, and greatly improve harvesting efficiency and operation performance.
The invention also provides a harvester provided with the double-layer reciprocating vibration type potato digging device, and the double-layer reciprocating vibration type potato digging device can be used together with a traditional digging type potato harvester or a traction/self-propelled type potato combine harvester.
The invention comprises a fixed shovel, a movable shovel, a vibration grid, a driving device and a digging depth and soil penetration angle adjusting function, meets the market demand and has wide application prospect.
The present invention achieves the above-described object by the following technical means.
A double-layer reciprocating vibration type potato digging device comprises a digging shovel, a vibration grid, a driving device, an adjusting device and a transition conveying chain;
the digging shovel comprises an upper fixed shovel and a lower movable shovel; the upper layer fixed shovel is arranged above the lower layer movable shovel, the upper layer fixed shovel and the lower layer movable shovel are stacked in a staggered mode, and the shovel tip of the lower layer movable shovel extends to the front of the shovel tip of the upper layer fixed shovel; the shovel surface of the upper layer fixed shovel is provided with densely arranged round micro-protrusion structures;
the vibration grid bars are arranged between the digging device and the transition conveying chain;
the driving device is respectively connected with the lower layer movable shovel and the vibrating grid bar and is used for driving the lower layer movable shovel and the vibrating grid bar to vibrate back and forth;
the adjusting device is arranged on a frame of the potato harvester and connected with the digging shovel and used for adjusting the digging depth and the soil-entering angle;
the transition conveying chain is arranged behind the digging shovel.
In the scheme, the upper layer fixed shovel comprises a nylon shovel surface and a fixed shovel supporting device;
the nylon shovel surface is arranged on the fixed shovel supporting device; the surface of the nylon shovel surface is of a densely arranged round micro-protrusion structure, the densely arranged round micro-protrusion structure is a lotus leaf-like hydrophobic characteristic structure, and the lotus leaf-like hydrophobic characteristic structure is generated by adopting a laser sintering nylon mode; the nylon shovel surface shovel tip is arc.
Furthermore, the fixed shovel supporting device comprises a fixed shovel supporting plate, a supporting arm, a rotating shaft and an angle adjusting plate; the nylon shovel surface is arranged on a fixed shovel supporting plate, the fixed shovel supporting plate is connected with one end of a supporting arm, the other end of the supporting arm is connected with a rotating shaft, and two ends of the rotating shaft are respectively arranged on an adjusting device; one end of the angle adjusting plate is connected with the rotating shaft, and the other end of the angle adjusting plate is connected with the adjusting device.
In the scheme, the shovel tip of the movable shovel sheet of the lower-layer movable shovel is in a wheel tooth shape with two involute intersections and the tip being flattened, and the involute positions on the two sides of the shovel tip are both edged.
In the scheme, the round micro-protrusion structure is a lotus leaf-like hydrophobic characteristic structure.
In the above scheme, the adjusting device comprises a parallel four-bar linkage mechanism, a depth adjusting mechanism and an angle adjusting mechanism;
the potato harvester frame is connected with one side of the depth adjusting mechanism, the other side of the depth adjusting mechanism is connected with the upper part of the parallel four-bar linkage mechanism, the upper layer fixed shovel is arranged at the front end of the parallel four-bar linkage mechanism, the rear end of the parallel four-bar linkage mechanism is connected with the potato harvester frame, and the depth adjusting mechanism is used for adjusting the inclination angle of the parallel four-bar linkage mechanism and the ground so as to adjust the digging depth of the digging shovel; one end of the angle adjusting mechanism is connected with the front end of the parallel four-bar linkage mechanism, the other end of the angle adjusting mechanism is connected with the upper layer fixed shovel, and the angle adjusting mechanism is used for adjusting the inclination angle of the upper layer fixed shovel and the ground so as to adjust the soil-entering angle of the digging shovel.
Furthermore, two parallel four-bar linkages are respectively and symmetrically arranged on two sides of the depth adjusting mechanism, and each parallel four-bar linkage comprises a front connecting rod, an upper connecting rod, a first side plate and a second side plate; one end of the front connecting rod is connected with one end of the upper connecting rod, the other end of the upper connecting rod is connected with one end of the first side plate, the other end of the first side plate is connected with one end of the second side plate, and the other end of the second side plate is connected with the other end of the front connecting rod; the upper parts of the two front connecting rods are connected through a first cross beam; the two upper connecting rods are connected through a second cross beam; the upper parts of the two first side plates are connected through a third cross beam, and the lower parts of the two first side plates are connected through a fourth cross beam.
Further, the depth adjusting mechanism comprises a digging depth adjusting hydraulic cylinder, a first depth adjusting rod and a second depth adjusting rod;
one end of the digging depth adjusting hydraulic cylinder is connected with the frame of the potato harvester, the other end of the digging depth adjusting hydraulic cylinder is connected with the first depth adjusting rod, one end of the first depth adjusting rod is connected with the third cross beam, the other end of the first depth adjusting rod is connected with one end of the second depth adjusting rod, and the other end of the second depth adjusting rod is connected with the second cross beam.
Further, the angle adjusting mechanism comprises an angle adjusting hydraulic cylinder; one end of the angle adjusting hydraulic cylinder is connected with one end of the front connecting rod, and the other end of the angle adjusting hydraulic cylinder is connected with the upper layer fixed shovel.
A harvester comprises the double-layer reciprocating vibration type potato digging device.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. compared with a fixed shovel, the reciprocating type vibrating shovel can effectively cut into soil and loosen soil blocks, so that the load of the digging link of the traditional potato harvester is effectively reduced, and the digging efficiency is improved.
2. The fixed shovel adopts a nylon material matched with a lotus leaf-like hydrophobic characteristic structure with dense granular protrusions, so that the fixed shovel is wear-resistant and simultaneously avoids the adhesion and congestion of moist soil on a shovel surface; the shovel tip of the fixed shovel is in a circular arc shape, so that the damage to the potato skin is avoided. And meanwhile, the fixed shovel adopts a replaceable structure, so that the shovel surface can be quickly replaced after being worn, the maintenance cost of the device is reduced, and the durability of the device is improved.
3. The surface of the movable shovel adopts a hard chromium plating process, and the shovel tip is in the shape of the involute gear teeth with a cutting edge, so that the low-resistance quick soil cutting can be realized while the abrasion resistance is good. The movable shovel sheet is fixedly connected with the movable shovel supporting seat plate into a whole through the rivet, and is replaced together with the movable shovel supporting plate after being abraded, so that the movable shovel sheet is firm in structure and easy to maintain.
4. The vibration grid bars behind the digging shovel are used for primarily separating the potato-soil mixture before the potato-soil mixture enters the conveying device, so that the operation load of the conveying and separating device of the potato harvester can be reduced to a certain extent, and the potato extrusion damage caused by the congestion between the soil and the potatoes on the conveying chain can be prevented. Meanwhile, under the action of the driving device, the vibration frequency of the vibration grid bars is consistent with that of the movable shovel, the phase difference is 180 degrees, and the vibration phenomenon of the excavating device is effectively reduced.
5. The invention adopts the excavating depth and soil-entering angle adjusting device, can effectively improve the adaptability of the excavating device to different working environments, and adopts different soil-entering angles aiming at different characteristic soils to reduce the excavating resistance; the potatoes of different varieties and planting modes are excavated at different depths, so that the phenomenon of potato leakage caused by damage to the potatoes in the excavating process is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a double-deck reciprocating vibration type potato excavating apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an upper layer fixed shovel structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a nylon shovel surface structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a fixed blade support arrangement according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a lower level power shovel configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a structure of a supporting base of the power shovel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a vibrating grid structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a driving device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a drive plate configuration according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a bi-directional swing lever configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of an excavation depth and soil penetration angle adjusting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is an operational diagram of an excavation depth and soil penetration angle adjusting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 13 is a partial schematic view of a harvester according to an embodiment of the invention.
In the figure: 1. an excavating device, 1-1 upper layer fixed shovel, 1-2 lower layer movable shovel, 1-3 vibrating grid bars, 1-4 driving device, 1-5 excavating depth and soil-entering angle adjusting device, 1-6 transition conveying chain, 1-1-1 nylon shovel surface, 1-1-2 fixed shovel supporting device, 1-1-2-1 fixed shovel supporting plate, 1-1-2-2 supporting arm, 1-1-2-3 rotating shaft, 1-1-2-4 connecting sleeve, 1-1-2-5 angle adjusting plate, 1-2-1 movable shovel sheet, 1-2-2 movable shovel supporting seat plate, 1-3-1 grid bar welding plate, 1-3-2 grid bars, 1-4-1 hydraulic motor, 1-4-2 hydraulic motor fixing seats, 1-4-3 driving disks, 1-4-3-1 disk, 1-4-3-2 sliding shaft sleeves, 1-4-3-3 short shafts, 1-4-4 universal couplings, 1-4-5 oscillating shafts, 1-4-6 bidirectional oscillating rods, 1-4-7 oscillating rod fixing seats, 1-4-8 driving connecting plates, 1-4-9 driving connecting seats, 1-5-1 front connecting rods, 1-5-2 first cross beams, 1-5-3 upper connecting rods, 1-5-4 second cross beams, 1-5-5 parts of a third beam, 1-5-6 parts of a first side plate, 1-5-7 parts of a second side plate, 1-5-8 parts of a fourth beam, 1-5-9 parts of an angle adjusting hydraulic cylinder, 1-5-10 parts of an excavation depth adjusting hydraulic cylinder, 1-5-11 parts of a first depth adjusting rod and 1-5-12 parts of a second depth adjusting rod.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "front", "back", "left", "right", "upper", "lower", "axial", "radial", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those illustrated in the drawings, merely for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Example 1
Fig. 1 to 12 show a preferred embodiment of the double-deck reciprocating vibration type potato excavating device, which comprises an excavating shovel, vibrating bars 1 to 3, driving means 1 to 4, adjusting means 1 to 5, and a transitional conveying chain 1 to 6;
referring to fig. 2 and 3, the digging shovel comprises an upper fixed shovel 1-1 and a lower movable shovel 1-2; the upper layer fixed shovel 1-1 is arranged above the lower layer movable shovel 1-2, the upper layer fixed shovel 1-1 and the lower layer movable shovel 1-2 are stacked in a staggered mode, and the shovel tip of the lower layer movable shovel 1-2 extends to the front of the shovel tip of the upper layer fixed shovel 1-1; the shovel surface of the upper layer fixed shovel 1-1 is provided with densely arranged round micro-protrusion structures;
the vibration grid bars 1-3 are arranged between the digging device 1 and the transition conveying chains 1-6; the vibrating grid bars 1-3 are connected with the driving device 1-4, and the driving device 1-4 is also used for driving the vibrating grid bars 1-3 to vibrate in a reciprocating manner;
the driving device 1-4 is arranged on the side surface of the digging shovel, is respectively connected with the lower layer movable shovel 1-2 and the vibrating grid bar 1-3, and is used for driving the lower layer movable shovel 1-2 and the vibrating grid bar 1-3 to vibrate in a reciprocating manner;
the adjusting device 1-5 is arranged on a frame of the potato harvester, and the adjusting device 1-5 is connected with the digging shovel and used for adjusting the digging depth and the soil-entering angle;
the transition conveying chain 1-6 is arranged behind the digging shovel.
According to the embodiment, preferably, the upper layer fixed shovel 1-1 comprises a nylon shovel surface 1-1-1 and a fixed shovel supporting device 1-1-2;
the nylon shovel surface 1-1-1 is arranged on the fixed shovel supporting device 1-1-2; the surface of the nylon shovel surface 1-1-1 is of a densely arranged round micro-protrusion structure, the densely arranged round micro-protrusion structure is a lotus leaf-like hydrophobic characteristic structure, and the lotus leaf-like hydrophobic characteristic structure is generated by adopting a laser sintering nylon mode; preferably, in an embodiment of the invention, the SLS laser sintering nylon mode is adopted to perform 3D printing to generate the circular micro-protrusions with the diameter of 0.5mm in a dense arrangement, so as to realize the effect of not sticking micro soil particles and avoid the soil from being jammed on the shovel surface.
According to the embodiment, the nylon shovel surface 1-1-1 shovel tip is preferably in a circular arc shape, so that soil is prevented from being adhered to the shovel surface, and the potato is prevented from being broken. Preferably, the upper surface of the nylon shovel surface 1-1-1 is provided with 4 counter bores, and one side of the lower surface, which is close to the shovel tip, is of a stepped protruding structure.
Referring to fig. 4, according to the present embodiment, it is preferable that the fixed blade supporting means 1-1-2 includes a fixed blade supporting plate 1-1-2-1, a supporting arm 1-1-2-2, a rotating shaft 1-1-2-3, and an angle adjusting plate 1-1-2-5; the nylon shovel surface 1-1-1 is arranged on a fixed shovel supporting plate 1-1-2-1, the fixed shovel supporting plate 1-1-2-1 is connected with one end of a supporting arm 1-1-2-2, the other end of the supporting arm 1-1-2-2 is connected with a rotating shaft 1-1-2-3, and two ends of the rotating shaft 1-1-2-3 are respectively arranged on adjusting devices 1-5; one end of the angle adjusting plate 1-1-2-5 is connected with the rotating shaft 1-1-2-3, and the other end is connected with the adjusting device 1-5.
Preferably, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, the width of the fixed shovel supporting plate 1-1-2-1 is the same as the width of the nylon shovel surface 1-1, the length is the sum of the total length of the nylon shovel surface 1-1 minus the stepped protruding structure, and the thickness is the same as the height of the stepped protruding of the nylon shovel surface 1-1-1; 4 through holes are formed in the upper surface of the fixed shovel supporting plate 1-1-2-1, the 4 through holes are consistent with the geometrical distribution of the 1-1-14 counter bores of the nylon shovel surface, so that the through holes are aligned, bolts penetrate through the through holes, and the nylon shovel surface 1-1-1 and the fixed shovel supporting plate 1-1-2-1 are connected through matching nuts, so that the installation is facilitated. The front end face of the timing shovel supporting plate 1-1-2-1 is attached to the stepped protruding face of the nylon shovel surface 1-1-1 during installation, at the moment, 4 through holes are aligned with 4 counter bores, the nylon shovel surface 1-1-1 and the timing shovel supporting plate 1-1-2-1 are fixed into a whole through bolt connection, and the height of a bolt head is lower than the stepped depth of the counter bore on the upper surface of the nylon shovel surface 1-1-1 after installation, so that the nylon shovel surface 1-1-1 is guaranteed to be flat; meanwhile, the ladder-shaped structures are contacted, forward supporting force can be provided for the nylon shovel surface 1-1-1 to offset the friction force of soil during excavation, and the nylon shovel surface 1-1-1 is prevented from falling off due to unbalanced stress. The supporting arm 1-1-2-2 is of a solid bent columnar structure, the diameter of the supporting arm is consistent with the inner diameter of the connecting sleeve 1-1-2-4, the supporting arm is connected in an excessive fit mode, one end of the supporting arm 1-1-2-2 is an inclined cutting surface, and the end is preferably connected with the lower surface of the fixed shovel supporting plate 1-1-2-1 in a welding mode; the other end of the supporting arm 1-1-2-2 is a flat cutting surface. The rotating shaft 1-1-2-3 is of a solid stepped shaft structure, the diameters of shaft heads at two ends are smaller, the diameter of the middle shaft body is larger, a plurality of counter bores are axially and equidistantly formed in the surface of the middle shaft body, the center distance of the adjacent counter bores is the same as the distance between the adjacent fixed shovel supporting plates 1-1-2-1, the diameters of the counter bores are the same as the outer diameter of the connecting sleeve 1-1-2-4, and the depth of each counter bore is 1/2 of the length of the connecting sleeve 1-1-2-4. The connecting sleeve 1-1-2-4 is in a short pipe-shaped structure, when the connecting sleeve is welded and installed, the connecting sleeve 1-1-2-4 is welded at one end of the flat cutting surface of the supporting arm 1-1-2-2, the supporting arm 1-1-2-2 is inserted into a counter bore of a shaft body of the rotating shaft 1-1-2-3 along with the connecting sleeve 1-1-2-4, the intersecting line formed by the rotating shaft 1-1-2-3 and the connecting sleeve 1-1-2-4 is welded all around to improve the connection stability, and all the supporting arms 1-1-2-2 are in the same direction when the connecting sleeve is welded. The two ends of the angle adjusting plate 1-1-2-5 are respectively provided with a through hole, wherein the diameter of the larger through hole is consistent with the diameter of the shaft head of the rotating shaft 1-1-2-3, and the angle adjusting plate 1-1-2-5 is sleeved and welded on the shaft head of the rotating shaft 1-1-2-3 through the through hole during installation; the through hole with the smaller diameter at the other end of the angle adjusting plate 1-1-2-5 is used for being hinged with the angle adjusting hydraulic cylinder 1-5-9.
With reference to fig. 5 and 6, according to this embodiment, preferably, a shovel tip of the movable shovel blade 1-2-1 of the lower layer movable shovel 1-2 is in a wheel tooth shape with two involute curves intersecting and cutting the tip flat, and the involute curves on both sides of the shovel tip are edged, so as to reduce resistance generated when the movable shovel blade 1-2-1 cuts into soil.
Preferably, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, the movable blade 1-2-1 is made of stainless steel with a high surface finish, and the movable blade 1-2-1 adopts a hard chromium plating process to form a chromium plating layer with a thickness of 20 μm or more on the surface thereof, so as to improve the wear resistance of the movable blade 1-2-1; 2 counter bores are formed in the upper surface of the movable shovel blade 1-2-1 in the shovel width direction; the movable shovel supporting seat plate 1-2-2 is made of metal materials, stepped groove structures with the width being consistent with that of the movable shovel blade 1-2-1 are evenly distributed on one side of the long edge of the movable shovel supporting seat plate, 2 through holes are distributed in each groove structure along the direction of the long edge of the movable shovel supporting seat plate 1-2-2, and the geometric distribution of the 2 through holes is consistent with that of 2 counter bores on the movable shovel blade 1-2-1. When the movable shovel blade 1-2-1 and the movable shovel supporting seat plate 1-2-2 are installed, the groove structures are mutually embedded, the counter bores are aligned with the through holes one by one, the movable shovel blade 1-2-1 and the movable shovel supporting seat plate 1-2-2 are fixedly connected into a whole through rivets, and the height of the rivet head is lower than the step depth of the counter bores on the upper surface of the movable shovel blade 1-2-1 after the movable shovel blade 1-2-1 is installed, so that the upper surface of the movable shovel blade 1-2-1 is smooth and has no protrusions.
Referring to fig. 7, according to the present embodiment, it is preferable that the grills 1-3-2 are uniformly welded in the width direction of the grill welding plate 1-3-1 according to different soil qualities and potato varieties, with a diameter of preferably 10-15mm and a center distance of preferably 40-50 mm.
Referring to fig. 8, 9 and 10, preferably, the driving device 1-4 includes a hydraulic motor 1-4-1, a hydraulic motor fixing seat 1-4-2, a driving disk 1-4-3, a universal coupling 1-4-4, a swing shaft 1-4-5, a bidirectional swing rod 1-4-6, a swing rod fixing seat 1-4-7, a driving connecting plate 1-4-8 and a driving connecting seat 1-4-9; the hydraulic motor 1-4-1 is connected to the hydraulic motor fixing seat 1-4-2 through a bolt, the hydraulic motor fixing seat 1-4-2 is fixed to the second side plate 1-5-7 in a welded mode, and the shaft end of the hydraulic motor 1-4-1 is connected with the central hole of the driving disc 1-4-3. The driving disc 1-4-3 is composed of a disc body 1-4-3-1, a sliding shaft sleeve 1-4-3-2 and a short shaft 1-4-3-3, a through hole is formed in the edge of the disc body 1-4-3-1, and the sliding shaft sleeve 1-4-3-2 is installed in the through hole. The short shaft 1-4-3-3 is of a two-section stepped shaft structure, the upper section shaft body is shorter, the diameter of the upper section shaft body is larger than the inner diameters of the through hole at the edge of the disc body 1-4-3-1 and the sliding shaft sleeve 1-4-3-2, and the short shaft body is used for positioning the short shaft 1-4-3-3; the lower section shaft body is longer, the diameter of the lower section shaft body is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the sliding shaft sleeve 1-4-3-2, and the lower section shaft body and the sliding shaft sleeve form clearance fit. The lower section shaft body of the short shaft 1-4-3-3 penetrates through the sliding shaft sleeve 1-4-3-2 and is connected with one end of a universal coupling 1-4-4 below, the other end of the universal coupling 1-4-4 is connected with a swinging shaft 1-4-5, the relative angle between the swinging shaft 1-4-5 and the ground can be changed along with the adjustment of the digging shovel soil-entering angle, so that the power can be always normally transmitted, and the other end of the swinging shaft 1-4-5 is hinged with a bidirectional swinging rod 1-4-6. The bidirectional swinging rod 1-4-6 is in a T shape, three swinging arms are arranged around a swinging center, the swinging center of the bidirectional swinging rod is hinged with one end of a swinging rod fixing seat 1-4-7 to form a revolute pair, and the other end of the swinging rod fixing seat 1-4-7 is welded and fixed with the lower surface of a fixed shovel supporting plate 1-1-2-1 close to one side of the driving device, so that the swinging center position of the bidirectional swinging rod 1-4-6 is fixed relative to the upper fixed shovel 1-1. The bidirectional swing rod 1-4-6 drives the swing arm to hinge with one end of the swing shaft 1-4-5, another two swing arms are distributed with the center line of the swing center hole of the bidirectional swing rod 1-4-6 and the center line of the hinge hole of the driving swing arm as axial symmetry, both are hinged with one end of the driving connecting plate 1-4-8, the other end of the driving connecting plate 1-4-8 is hinged with the driving connecting seat 1-4-9, a plurality of plug welding holes are arranged on the bottom plate of the driving connecting seat 1-4-9, and the driving connecting seat 1-4-9 is connected with the lower surface side end of the movable shovel supporting seat plate 1-2-2 and the grid bar welding plate 1-3-1 through plug welding.
As shown in figure 8, when the driving device 1-4 works, the hydraulic motor 1-4-1 provides power for the rotation of the driving disc 1-4-3, the driving disc 1-4-3 and the swinging shaft 1-4-5 form a swinging rod mechanism through the universal coupling 1-4-4, the swinging shaft 1-4-5 transmits the power to the bidirectional swinging rod 1-4-6 to drive the swinging arm, so that the swinging arm swings around the swinging center in a reciprocating manner, and the two symmetrically distributed swinging arms of the bidirectional swinging rod 1-4-6 drive the lower layer movable shovel 1-2 and the vibrating grid strip 1-3 to form reciprocating motion with consistent amplitude and frequency and 180 degrees of phase difference through the driving connecting plate 1-4-8 and the driving connecting seat 1-4-9.
As shown in fig. 11, preferably, the adjusting device 1-5 is an excavating depth and soil-entering angle adjusting device, and includes a parallel four-bar linkage mechanism, a depth adjusting mechanism and an angle adjusting mechanism;
the potato harvester frame is connected with one side of the depth adjusting mechanism, the other side of the depth adjusting mechanism is connected with the upper part of the parallel four-bar linkage mechanism, the upper layer fixed shovel 1-1 is arranged at the front end of the parallel four-bar linkage mechanism, the rear end of the parallel four-bar linkage mechanism is connected with the potato harvester frame, and the depth adjusting mechanism is used for adjusting the inclination angle between the parallel four-bar linkage mechanism and the ground so as to adjust the digging depth of the digging shovel; one end of the angle adjusting mechanism is connected with the front end of the parallel four-bar linkage mechanism, the other end of the angle adjusting mechanism is connected with the upper layer fixed shovel 1-1, and the angle adjusting mechanism is used for adjusting the inclination angle of the upper layer fixed shovel 1-1 and the ground, so that the soil entering angle of the digging shovel is adjusted.
The two parallel four-bar linkage mechanisms are respectively and symmetrically arranged on two sides of the depth adjusting mechanism, and each parallel four-bar linkage mechanism comprises a front connecting rod 1-5-1, an upper connecting rod 1-5-3, a first side plate 1-5-6 and a second side plate 1-5-7; one end of the front connecting rod 1-5-1 is connected with one end of the upper connecting rod 1-5-3, the other end of the upper connecting rod 1-5-3 is connected with one end of the first side plate 1-5-6, the other end of the first side plate 1-5-6 is connected with one end of the second side plate 1-5-7, and the other end of the second side plate 1-5-7 is connected with the other end of the front connecting rod 1-5-1; the upper parts of the two front connecting rods 1-5-1 are connected through a first cross beam 1-5-2; the two upper connecting rods 1-5-3 are connected through a second cross beam 1-5-4; the upper parts of the two first side plates 1-5-6 are connected by a third cross beam 1-5-5, and the lower parts of the two first side plates 1-5-6 are connected by a fourth cross beam 1-5-8.
The depth adjusting mechanism comprises a digging depth adjusting hydraulic cylinder 1-5-10, a first depth adjusting rod 1-5-11 and a second depth adjusting rod 1-5-12;
one end of the digging depth adjusting hydraulic cylinder 1-5-10 is connected with a frame of the potato harvester, the other end of the digging depth adjusting hydraulic cylinder is connected with a first depth adjusting rod 1-5-11, one end of the first depth adjusting rod 1-5-11 is connected with a third cross beam 1-5-5, the other end of the first depth adjusting rod is connected with one end of a second depth adjusting rod 1-5-12, and the other end of the second depth adjusting rod 1-5-12 is connected with a second cross beam 1-5-4.
The angle adjusting mechanism comprises an angle adjusting hydraulic cylinder 1-5-9; one end of the angle adjusting hydraulic cylinder 1-5-9 is connected with one end of the front connecting rod 1-5-1, and the other end of the angle adjusting hydraulic cylinder 1-5-9 is connected with the upper layer fixed shovel 1-1.
The front connecting rod 1-5-1, the upper connecting rod 1-5-3, the first side plate 1-5-6, the second side plate 1-5-7 and the angle adjusting hydraulic cylinder 1-5-9 are symmetrically installed in pairs on the central axis of the excavating device.
Preferably, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, the first beam 1-5-2, the second beam 1-5-4, the third beam 1-5-5 and the fourth beam 1-5-8 are stepped shafts, the diameters of the shaft heads at two ends are smaller, and the diameter of the middle shaft body is larger; wherein, the first beam 1-5-2 is symmetrically provided with two axial positioning grooves by the length section of 1/2 of the middle shaft body, and the axial positioning grooves are respectively arranged at the length 1/2 of the middle shaft body of the second beam 1-5-4 and the third beam 1-5-5. The first side plate 1-5-6 can be fixedly connected with the frame of the potato harvester in a welding mode. Shaft heads at two ends of the first cross beam 1-5-2 penetrate through holes at the upper end of the front connecting rod 1-5-1 to form a revolute pair; one end of the upper connecting rod 1-5-3 is welded with a split type sliding shaft sleeve which is hinged with the axial positioning groove of the first cross beam 1-5-2 to form a revolute pair, and the other end of the upper connecting rod 1-5-3 is welded with the middle shaft body of the third cross beam 1-5-5; shaft heads at two ends of the second beam 1-5-4 penetrate through the middle opening of the upper connecting rod 1-5-3 and are welded together; shaft heads at two ends of the third beam 1-5-5 penetrate through holes at the upper end of the first side plate 1-5-6 to form a revolute pair; the lower end opening of the first side plate 1-5-6, the rear end opening of the second side plate 1-5-7 and the fourth beam 1-5-8 are coaxial, and shaft heads at two ends of the fourth beam 1-5-8 penetrate through the lower end opening of the first side plate 1-5-6 and the rear end opening of the second side plate 1-5-7 to form a revolute pair; the front end opening of the second side plate 1-5-7, the lower end opening of the front connecting rod 1-5-1 and the fixed shovel supporting device 1-1-2 rotating shaft 1-1-2-3 are coaxial, and the shaft heads at the two ends of the rotating shaft 1-1-2-3 penetrate through the front end opening of the second side plate 1-5-7 and the lower end opening of the front connecting rod 1-5-1 to form a revolute pair. One end of the angle adjusting hydraulic cylinder 1-5-9 is hinged with the angle adjusting plate 1-1-2-5, and the other end is hinged with the angle adjusting hydraulic cylinder through a through hole in the middle of the front connecting rod 1-5-1. One end of the first depth adjusting rod 1-5-11 is provided with a split type sliding shaft sleeve which is hinged with the axial positioning groove of the second cross beam 1-5-4 to form a revolute pair, the other end of the first depth adjusting rod 1-5-11 is hinged with one end of the second depth adjusting rod 1-5-12, the other end of the second depth adjusting rod 1-5-12 is also welded with a split type sliding shaft sleeve which is hinged with the axial positioning groove of the third cross beam 1-5-5 to form a revolute pair; one end of the digging depth adjusting hydraulic cylinder 1-5-10 is hinged with the second depth adjusting rod 1-5-12 through a middle through hole, and the other end is hinged on the frame of the potato harvester.
Referring to fig. 12, the adjusting device 1-5 works as follows, the angle adjusting plate 1-1-2-5 is hinged to the angle adjusting hydraulic cylinder 1-5-9, a mechanic can investigate local potato planting agronomic parameters such as soil texture, potato tuber depth and the like before harvesting, and obtain an ideal digging shovel angle, and then the control unit or the control switch in the cab changes the flow rate of hydraulic oil to adjust the expansion amount of the angle adjusting hydraulic cylinder 1-5-9, so that the upper fixed shovel 1-1 can be directly driven, the lower movable shovel 1-2 and the vibrating grid 1-3 can be indirectly driven to change the included angle with the ground, and the purpose of adjusting the digging shovel penetration angle can be achieved; the manipulator controls the extension amount of the excavating depth adjusting hydraulic cylinder 1-5-10 in the same way, and the parallel four-bar mechanism can be driven by the first depth adjusting rod 1-5-11 and the second depth adjusting rod 1-5-12 to change the sinking amount of the whole excavating device relative to the ground surface, so that the aim of changing the excavating depth is fulfilled.
As shown in fig. 3, when the excavating device 1 works, the shovel tip of the lower layer movable shovel 1-2 is positioned in front of the shovel tip of the upper layer fixed shovel 1-1, so that the lower layer movable shovel 1-2 is firstly contacted with soil, the lower layer movable shovel 1-2 is driven by the driving device 1-4 to vibrate transversely and reciprocally, the shovel tip can rapidly cut into the soil by matching with hard chromium-plated metal and the involute gear tooth-shaped low-shear resistance shovel tip, and the soil to be excavated is loosened to reduce the soil penetration resistance of the upper layer fixed shovel 1-1; the potato harvester drives the excavating device to advance forwards, potato soil mixtures in front of the machine are successively excavated and move backwards through the upper fixed shovel 1-1 and the shovel surface under the pushing action, the shovel point of the upper fixed shovel 1-1 adopts a circular arc shovel point to avoid damage to the potato skin, and meanwhile, the nylon shovel surface 1-1 imitating lotus leaf hydrophobic characteristic structure can effectively guide wet heavy clay on the shovel surface to the tail of the shovel so as to avoid blocking and hilling; the vibration grid bars 1-3 are positioned at the tail part of the upper layer fixed shovel 1-1, are powered by the driving device 1-4, have the same amplitude frequency with the lower layer movable shovel 1-2 and have a phase difference of 180 degrees, and can primarily disperse and separate the dug potato soil mixture so as to reduce the subsequent conveying and separating workload and reduce the overall vibration of the digging device; the power of the driving device 1-4 comes from the hydraulic motor 1-4-1, so that the vibration frequency of the lower layer of the movable shovel 1-2 and the vibration grid bars 1-3 can be adjusted by independently controlling the rotating speed of the hydraulic motor 1-4-1, and the adaptability of the excavating device to different working environments is improved; the parallel four-bar linkage structure of the adjusting devices 1-5 is hinged with the digging shovel and the potato harvester frame, and the digging depth and the soil entering angle of the digging shovel are adjusted by controlling the telescopic amount of the hydraulic cylinder, so that the potato digging requirements under different planting modes are met.
The invention can effectively reduce the digging resistance during potato harvesting operation, avoid the phenomena of hilling and potato damage, and greatly improve the harvesting efficiency and the operation performance.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 13, a harvester comprising the double-deck reciprocating vibration type potato excavating device of embodiment 1 has the advantages of embodiment 1, and thus, the detailed description thereof is omitted.
It should be understood that although the specification has been described in terms of various embodiments, not every embodiment includes every single embodiment, and such description is for clarity purposes only, and it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the specification as a whole can be combined as appropriate to form additional embodiments as will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
The above-listed detailed description is only a specific description of a possible embodiment of the present invention, and they are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and equivalent embodiments or modifications made without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A double-layer reciprocating vibration type potato digging device is characterized by comprising a digging shovel, a vibration grid (1-3), a driving device (1-4), an adjusting device (1-5) and a transition conveying chain (1-6);
the digging shovel comprises an upper fixed shovel (1-1) and a lower movable shovel (1-2); the upper layer fixed shovel (1-1) is arranged above the lower layer movable shovel (1-2), the upper layer fixed shovel (1-1) and the lower layer movable shovel (1-2) are stacked in a staggered mode, and the shovel tip of the lower layer movable shovel (1-2) extends to the front of the shovel tip of the upper layer fixed shovel (1-1); the shovel surface of the upper layer fixed shovel (1-1) is provided with densely arranged round micro-protrusion structures;
the vibration grid bars (1-3) are arranged between the digging device (1) and the transition conveying chains (1-6);
the driving devices (1-4) are respectively connected with the lower layer moving shovel (1-2) and the vibrating grid bars (1-3) and are used for driving the lower layer moving shovel (1-2) and the vibrating grid bars (1-3) to vibrate in a reciprocating manner;
the adjusting device (1-5) is arranged on a rack of the potato harvester, and the adjusting device (1-5) is connected with the digging shovel and used for adjusting the digging depth and the soil-entering angle;
the transition conveying chain (1-6) is arranged behind the digging shovel.
2. The double layer reciprocating vibration type potato excavating device according to claim 1, wherein the upper layer fixed shovel (1-1) comprises a nylon shovel surface (1-1-1) and a fixed shovel supporting device (1-1-2);
the nylon shovel surface (1-1-1) is arranged on the fixed shovel supporting device (1-1-2); the surface of the nylon shovel surface (1-1-1) is of a densely arranged round micro-protrusion structure; the shovel tip of the nylon shovel surface (1-1-1) is arc-shaped.
3. The double layer reciprocating vibration type potato excavating apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the fixed shovel supporting means (1-1-2) comprises a fixed shovel supporting plate (1-1-2-1), a supporting arm (1-1-2-2), a revolving shaft (1-1-2-3) and an angle adjusting plate (1-1-2-5); the nylon shovel surface (1-1-1) is arranged on a fixed shovel supporting plate (1-1-2-1), the fixed shovel supporting plate (1-1-2-1) is connected with one end of a supporting arm (1-1-2-2), the other end of the supporting arm (1-1-2-2) is connected with a rotating shaft (1-1-2-3), and two ends of the rotating shaft (1-1-2-3) are respectively arranged on an adjusting device (1-5); one end of the angle adjusting plate (1-1-2-5) is connected with the rotating shaft (1-1-2-3), and the other end is connected with the adjusting device (1-5).
4. The double layer reciprocating vibration type potato excavating device according to claim 1, wherein the edge of the movable blade (1-2-1) of the lower layer movable shovel (1-2) is in the shape of a wheel tooth with two involute curves crossing and having the tip cut flat, and the involute curves on both sides of the edge are edged.
5. The double layer reciprocating vibratory potato excavating apparatus of claim 1 wherein said round microprojection structure is a lotus leaf-like hydrophobic feature.
6. The double layer reciprocating vibration type potato excavating device according to claim 1, wherein the adjusting means (1-5) comprises a parallel four-bar linkage, a depth adjusting mechanism, and an angle adjusting mechanism;
the potato harvester is characterized in that one side of the depth adjusting mechanism is connected with a rack of the potato harvester, the other side of the depth adjusting mechanism is connected with the upper part of the parallel four-bar linkage, the upper layer fixed shovel (1-1) is arranged at the front end of the parallel four-bar linkage, the rear end of the parallel four-bar linkage is connected with the rack of the potato harvester, and the depth adjusting mechanism is used for adjusting the inclination angle between the parallel four-bar linkage and the ground so as to adjust the digging depth of the digging shovel; one end of the angle adjusting mechanism is connected with the front end of the parallel four-bar linkage mechanism, the other end of the angle adjusting mechanism is connected with the upper layer fixed shovel (1-1), and the angle adjusting mechanism is used for adjusting the inclination angle of the upper layer fixed shovel (1-1) and the ground, so that the soil entering angle of the digging shovel is adjusted.
7. The double layer reciprocating vibration type potato excavating device of claim 6, wherein there are two parallel four-bar linkages symmetrically installed at both sides of the depth adjusting mechanism, each of the parallel four-bar linkages comprising a front connecting rod (1-5-1), an upper connecting rod (1-5-3), a first side plate (1-5-6) and a second side plate (1-5-7); one end of the front connecting rod (1-5-1) is connected with one end of the upper connecting rod (1-5-3), the other end of the upper connecting rod (1-5-3) is connected with one end of the first side plate (1-5-6), the other end of the first side plate (1-5-6) is connected with one end of the second side plate (1-5-7), and the other end of the second side plate (1-5-7) is connected with the other end of the front connecting rod (1-5-1); the upper parts of the two front connecting rods (1-5-1) are connected through a first cross beam (1-5-2); the two upper connecting rods (1-5-3) are connected through a second cross beam (1-5-4); the upper parts of the two first side plates (1-5-6) are connected through a third cross beam (1-5-5), and the lower parts of the two first side plates (1-5-6) are connected through a fourth cross beam (1-5-8).
8. The double layer reciprocating vibration type potato excavating apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the depth adjusting mechanism comprises an excavating depth adjusting hydraulic cylinder (1-5-10), a first depth adjusting lever (1-5-11) and a second depth adjusting lever (1-5-12);
one end of the digging depth adjusting hydraulic cylinder (1-5-10) is connected with the frame of the potato harvester, the other end of the digging depth adjusting hydraulic cylinder is connected with the first depth adjusting rod (1-5-11), one end of the first depth adjusting rod (1-5-11) is connected with the third cross beam (1-5-5), the other end of the first depth adjusting rod is connected with one end of the second depth adjusting rod (1-5-12), and the other end of the second depth adjusting rod (1-5-12) is connected with the second cross beam (1-5-4).
9. The double layer reciprocating vibration type potato excavating device according to claim 6, wherein the angle adjusting mechanism comprises angle adjusting hydraulic cylinders (1-5-9); one end of the angle adjusting hydraulic cylinder (1-5-9) is connected with one end of the front connecting rod (1-5-1), and the other end of the angle adjusting hydraulic cylinder (1-5-9) is connected with the upper layer fixed shovel (1-1).
10. A harvester comprising a double-deck reciprocating vibratory potato excavating apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| CN202211705797.6A CN115777322A (en) | 2022-12-29 | 2022-12-29 | Double-layer reciprocating vibration type potato digging device and harvester |
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| CN202211705797.6A CN115777322A (en) | 2022-12-29 | 2022-12-29 | Double-layer reciprocating vibration type potato digging device and harvester |
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Cited By (2)
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| CN115885660A (en) * | 2022-12-29 | 2023-04-04 | 江苏大学 | High-efficiency low-damage potato combine harvester |
| CN116326313A (en) * | 2023-05-23 | 2023-06-27 | 中国农业大学 | Deep root crop harvester with adjustable shovel grid posture |
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