CN115773986A - Device and method for detecting components through laser-induced spectroscopy for metal additive manufacturing - Google Patents
Device and method for detecting components through laser-induced spectroscopy for metal additive manufacturing Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000010813 internal standard method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000002536 laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for detecting components by laser-induced spectroscopy in metal additive manufacturing, wherein the system comprises a computer, a laser, a spectrometer, a protective gas cylinder, a mechanical arm and a powder feeder; the laser head is arranged on the mechanical arm and is connected with the laser main body through an optical fiber; a detector head of the spectrometer is fixed on the laser head; the gas outlet end of the protective gas bottle is connected with the laser head end of the laser through a pipeline; an air valve for adjusting air pressure is arranged at the air outlet end; the powder feeder is connected with a laser head of the laser through a powder feeding pipe; the laser and the spectrometer are connected with the computer; the method provided by the invention can be used for carrying out real-time nondestructive monitoring on the sample in the additive manufacturing process by utilizing the LIBS technology, establishing a calibration curve of easily-detected elements in advance by an internal standard method, and monitoring the content of difficultly-detected elements according to the molar proportion relation among the elements, thereby realizing the real-time nondestructive element detection of the sample.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a device and a method for detecting components by laser-induced spectroscopy in metal additive manufacturing.
Background
Laser additive manufacturing techniques, also known as 3D printing, create three-dimensional parts by gradually adding thin layers of material. The process enables the production of complex or customized parts without the need for expensive molds in conventional processes and reduces post-processing steps. Such a technique is being applied to various fields of biomedicine, aerospace, and the like.
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is a technique in which the surface of a sample is irradiated with Laser, the energy density caused by the Laser is too high to heat the sample to form plasma, and the spectrum released by the plasma when the temperature is reduced is analyzed to determine the element content of the sample. LIBS technology is now combined with laser additive manufacturing technology to perform component detection during laser additive manufacturing. The existing component detection is mostly researched by adopting the conventional material characterization technology, but the technologies usually need random destruction sampling, and the detection period is long. The LIBS technique can avoid these disadvantages.
The internal standard method is an indirect calibration method, is a relatively accurate quantitative method in chromatographic analysis, particularly shows superiority when no standard substance is used for comparison, and is widely applied to experiments for measuring component content by laser-induced plasma spectroscopy. In summary, it is important to develop a device and a method for laser-induced spectroscopy component detection in metal additive manufacturing.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides an apparatus for laser-induced spectroscopy component detection for metal additive manufacturing, comprising: the device comprises a computer, a laser, a spectrometer, a protective gas cylinder, a mechanical arm and a powder feeder; the laser head is arranged on the mechanical arm and is connected with the laser main body through an optical fiber; a detector head of the spectrometer is fixed on the laser head; the gas outlet end of the protective gas bottle is connected with the laser head end of the laser through a pipeline; an air valve for adjusting air pressure is arranged at the air outlet end; the powder feeder is connected with a laser head of the laser through a powder feeding pipe; the laser and the spectrometer are connected with the computer;
the laser is used for outputting laser and directly irradiating the laser from the laser head to the surface of the sample through a light path;
the spectrometer is used for collecting original spectral data of plasma generated by laser in the additive manufacturing process;
the protective gas cylinder is used for storing inert gas;
the powder feeder is used for outputting powder to the laser head and transporting the powder to the laser head through the powder feeding pipe;
the computer is used for setting parameters of the laser and the spectrometer and processing and analyzing the acquired spectral data;
the device also comprises a water cooling machine, wherein a pipeline of the water cooling machine is laid around the laser and the light path thereof and around the mechanical arm, and is used for cooling the laser and the mechanical arm.
A method of laser-induced spectroscopy detection of a component for metal additive manufacturing, comprising:
step 1: the laser power density, the laser moving speed and direction, the protective gas flow, the powder feeder flow, the spectrum acquisition integration time and the spectrum acquisition wavelength range are well adjusted through a computer, and the laser reaches the surface of a specified sample through a light path after emitting laser;
and 2, step: collecting a spectrum released by plasma generated in the additive manufacturing process through a spectrometer, and preprocessing the spectrum; the pretreatment comprises wavelength calibration treatment, baseline removal treatment, peak searching treatment, peak type fitting and atomic calibration operation; the concrete expression is as follows:
the wavelength calibration processing comprises the following steps: the wavelength of the spectrometer is calibrated with a standard light source.
The de-baseline treatment comprises the following steps: and repeatedly smoothing the spectral data, and gradually increasing the sliding window until the sum of the removed spectral peak areas is constant.
The peak searching treatment comprises the following steps: the peak-searching treatment of origin self-band is used, the peak height is regulated to reach 5% of the maximum peak intensity of the spectrum as an effective peak, and the wavelength position and the peak value of the effective peak are recorded.
And (3) fitting the peak shape: lorentz non-linear fit was performed on the excitation peaks.
The atomic calibration: and comparing the effective peak wavelength with the standard wavelength, and calibrating the excitation peak as the excitation peak of the atom if the absolute error between the actual wavelength and the standard wavelength is less than the resolution of the spectrometer.
And step 3: establishing a calibration curve of peak intensity and element content for easily-detected elements of a sample in the additive manufacturing process by using an internal standard method; after a calibration curve is established, obtaining the spectral intensity ratio of the two elements at the characteristic spectral line according to actually acquired spectral data, and finding out the corresponding element content ratio on the calibration curve according to the intensity ratio so as to obtain the content ratio of all the easily-detected elements;
for the elements which are difficult to detect and cannot detect the peak intensity, calculating the content ratio of the elements which are difficult to detect by the following formula:
R * ＝(aR+b)+(cR+d)e tσ
in the formula, R is the molar ratio of matrix elements to elements difficult to detect in the alloy powder; r is * The molar ratio of the specific elements in the alloy powder to the elements difficult to detect is adopted; a. b, c, d, t are constants associated with the elements; e is unit charge; sigma is laser power density;
and 4, step 4: and obtaining the content ratios of all the elements difficult to detect and all the elements easy to detect, and then obtaining the component ratios of all the elements according to the condition that the sum of the content ratios of all the elements is 1.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a device and a method for detecting components by laser-induced spectroscopy in metal additive manufacturing, which are used for carrying out real-time nondestructive monitoring on a sample in the additive manufacturing process by utilizing an LIBS technology, establishing a calibration curve of elements easy to detect in advance by an internal standard method, and monitoring the content of elements difficult to detect according to the molar proportion relation among the elements, thereby realizing the real-time nondestructive element detection of the sample.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for laser-induced spectroscopy component detection in metal additive manufacturing according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method for detecting components by laser-induced spectroscopy in metal additive manufacturing according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples.
As shown in fig. 1, an apparatus for laser-induced spectroscopy component detection for metal additive manufacturing includes: the device comprises a computer, a laser, a spectrometer, a protective gas cylinder, a machine arm, a powder feeder and a water cooler;
the computer is used for setting parameters of the laser and the spectrometer and also used for preprocessing and analyzing the acquired spectral data by using origin software;
the laser is used for outputting laser and directly irradiating the laser head to the surface of the sample through a light path; the laser power density of the laser is controlled by connecting with a computer; the laser main body is arranged on the horizontal ground and is connected with a laser head through an optical fiber, and the laser head is arranged on the vertical mechanical arm;
the robot arm is used for controlling the position of a laser head of the laser according to the position of the sample and outputting laser through the laser head;
the spectrometer is used for collecting the spectral data of plasma generated by laser in the additive manufacturing process; the spectrometer is connected with the computer through the collecting head and the optical fiber for collecting the spectral data of the plasma; controlling parameters of a spectrometer by a computer (the spectrum acquisition integration time is 20-50ms, the spectrum detection wavelength range is 340-440nm, and the resolution of the spectrometer is 0.05 nm); a detector head of the spectrometer is fixed on the laser head;
the protective gas cylinder is used for storing inert gas; inert gas output by the protective gas bottle is conveyed to laser irradiated by the laser head through a gas conveying pipe, so that metal powder is prevented from being oxidized; the gas outlet end of the protective gas bottle is connected with the laser head end of the laser through a pipeline; an air valve for adjusting air pressure is arranged at the air outlet end;
the powder feeder is used for outputting powder to the laser head and transporting the powder to the laser head through the powder feeding pipe;
the device also comprises a water cooling machine, wherein pipelines of the water cooling machine are laid around the laser and the light path thereof and around the mechanical arm, and are used for cooling the laser and the mechanical arm.
As shown in fig. 2, a method for laser-induced spectroscopy component detection for metal additive manufacturing includes:
step 1: the laser power density, the laser moving speed and direction, the protective gas flow, the powder feeder flow, the spectrum acquisition integration time and the spectrum acquisition wavelength range are well adjusted through a computer, and the laser reaches the surface of a specified sample through a light path after emitting laser;
and 2, step: collecting a spectrum released by plasma generated in the additive manufacturing process through a spectrometer, and preprocessing the spectrum; the pretreatment comprises wavelength calibration treatment, baseline removal treatment, peak searching treatment, peak type fitting and atomic calibration operation; the concrete expression is as follows:
the wavelength calibration process comprises: the wavelength of the spectrometer is calibrated with a standard light source.
The de-baseline treatment comprises the following steps: and repeatedly smoothing the spectral data, and gradually increasing the sliding window until the sum of the removed spectral peak areas is constant.
The peak searching treatment comprises the following steps: the peak-searching treatment of origin self-band is used, the peak height is regulated to reach 5% of the maximum peak intensity of the spectrum as an effective peak, and the wavelength position and the peak value of the effective peak are recorded.
And (3) fitting the peak shape: lorentz non-linear fit was performed on the excitation peaks.
The atomic calibration: and comparing the effective peak wavelength with the standard wavelength, and if the absolute error between the actual wavelength and the standard wavelength is less than the resolution of the spectrometer, calibrating the excitation peak as the excitation peak of the atom.
And step 3: establishing a calibration curve of peak intensity and element content for easily-detected elements of a sample in the additive manufacturing process by using an internal standard method; after a calibration curve is established, obtaining the spectral intensity ratio of two elements at the characteristic spectral line according to actually acquired spectral data, finding out the corresponding element content ratio on the calibration curve according to the intensity ratio, and thus obtaining the content ratio of all elements easy to detect (the element capable of directly detecting the peak intensity is called as an element easy to detect, otherwise called as an element difficult to detect);
for the elements difficult to detect, the peak intensity of which cannot be detected, the content ratio of the elements difficult to detect is calculated by the following formula:
R * ＝(aR+b)+(cR+d)e tσ
in the formula, R is the molar ratio of matrix elements to elements difficult to detect in the alloy powder; r * The molar ratio of the specific elements in the alloy powder to the elements difficult to detect is adopted; a. b, c, d, t are constants associated with the elements; e is unit charge; sigma is laser power density;
and 4, step 4: and obtaining the content ratios of all the elements difficult to detect and all the elements easy to detect, and then obtaining the component ratios of all the elements according to the condition that the sum of the content ratios of all the elements is 1.
The method carries out real-time nondestructive monitoring on the sample in the additive manufacturing process by utilizing the laser-induced spectroscopy technology, establishes a calibration curve of specific elements in advance by an internal standard method, and monitors the content difficult to detect according to the molar proportion relation among the elements, thereby realizing the specific monitoring of the sample.
Claims (7)
1. An apparatus for laser-induced spectroscopy component detection for metal additive manufacturing, comprising: the device comprises a computer, a laser, a spectrometer, a protective gas cylinder, a mechanical arm and a powder feeder; the laser head is arranged on the mechanical arm and is connected with the laser main body through an optical fiber; a detector head of the spectrometer is fixed on the laser head; the gas outlet end of the protective gas bottle is connected with the laser head end of the laser through a pipeline; an air valve for adjusting air pressure is arranged at the air outlet end; the powder feeder is connected with a laser head of the laser through a powder feeding pipe; the laser and the spectrometer are both connected with the computer.
2. The metal additive manufacturing laser-induced spectroscopy detection component device of claim 1, wherein the laser is used for outputting laser light and directing the laser light from the laser head to the surface of the sample through a light path;
the spectrometer is used for collecting original spectral data of plasma generated by laser in the additive manufacturing process;
the protective gas cylinder is used for storing inert gas;
the powder feeder is used for outputting powder to the laser head and transporting the powder to the laser head through the powder feeding pipe;
and the computer is used for setting parameters of the laser and the spectrometer and processing and analyzing the acquired spectral data.
3. The device for laser-induced spectroscopy detection of components for metal additive manufacturing according to claim 1, further comprising a water cooling machine, wherein a pipeline of the water cooling machine is laid around the laser and the optical path thereof and around the mechanical arm, and is used for cooling the laser and the mechanical arm.
4. A method for laser-induced spectroscopy component detection for metal additive manufacturing, comprising:
step 1: the laser power density, the laser moving speed and direction, the protective gas flow, the powder feeder flow, the spectrum acquisition integration time and the spectrum acquisition wavelength range are well adjusted through a computer, and the laser emits laser and then reaches the surface of a specified sample through a light path;
step 2: acquiring original spectral data released by plasma generated in the additive manufacturing process through a spectrometer, and preprocessing the data;
and step 3: establishing a calibration curve of peak intensity and element content for easily-detected elements of a sample in the additive manufacturing process by using an internal standard method; after a calibration curve is established, obtaining the spectral intensity ratio of the two elements at the characteristic spectral lines according to actually acquired spectral data, finding out the corresponding element content ratio on the calibration curve according to the intensity ratio, and solving the content ratio of all detected elements;
and 4, step 4: and after the content ratios of all the detected elements are obtained, the component ratios of all the elements are obtained according to the condition that the sum of the content ratios of all the elements is 1.
5. The method for laser-induced spectroscopy component detection for metal additive manufacturing according to claim 4, wherein the pre-processing includes wavelength calibration processing, de-baseline processing, peak finding processing, peak shape fitting, and atomic calibration operations.
6. The method for laser-induced spectroscopy component detection for metal additive manufacturing according to claim 5, wherein the wavelength calibration process: calibrating the wavelength of the spectrometer by using a standard light source;
the de-baseline treatment comprises the following steps: performing repeated smoothing processing on the spectral data, and gradually increasing the sliding window until the sum of the removed spectral peak areas is constant;
the peak searching treatment comprises the following steps: using origin peak searching treatment, setting the peak height to reach 5% of the maximum peak intensity of the spectrum as an effective peak, and recording the wavelength position and the peak value of the effective peak;
and (3) fitting the peak shape: lorentz nonlinear fitting is carried out on the excitation peak;
the atomic calibration: and comparing the effective peak wavelength with the standard wavelength, and calibrating the excitation peak as the excitation peak of the atom if the absolute error between the actual wavelength and the standard wavelength is less than the resolution of the spectrometer.
7. The method for detecting components through laser-induced spectroscopy for metal additive manufacturing according to claim 5, wherein in the step 3, for easily-detected elements with directly-detected peak intensities, corresponding element content ratios are found on a calibration curve according to the intensity ratios;
for the elements difficult to detect, which cannot detect the peak intensity, the content ratio of the elements is calculated by the following formula:
R * ＝(aR+b)+(cR+d)e tσ
in the formula, R is the molar ratio between a matrix element and an element difficult to detect in the alloy powder; r * Between specific elements and elements difficult to detect in alloy powderA molar ratio; a. b, c, d, t are constants associated with the elements; e is unit charge; σ is the laser power density.
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