CN115755171A - Array staggered observation three-dimensional full-information scattered wave seismic exploration method and system - Google Patents
Array staggered observation three-dimensional full-information scattered wave seismic exploration method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of seismic exploration, and discloses a method and a system for seismic exploration by array staggered observation of three-dimensional full-information scattered waves, wherein the method comprises the following steps: determining a region to be explored, and determining a target region in the region to be explored; determining the shot position based on the region to be explored, dividing the region to be explored into a basic array region, and dividing a target region into a staggered array region; generating basic array scattered waves through shot points in a basic array region, and sequentially performing data acquisition on the basic array scattered waves in the basic array region by using a basic observation array; generating staggered array scattered waves through shot points in the staggered array area, and sequentially performing data acquisition on the staggered array scattered waves in the staggered array area by using a staggered observation array; according to the invention, by the principle that shot points are shared and information collection equipment is not encrypted, the underground medium is illuminated in all directions and at multiple angles, and the problems of insufficient information acquisition fineness and incomplete information acquisition in the conventional seismic exploration are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seismic exploration, in particular to a method and a system for seismic exploration of three-dimensional full-information scattered waves by array staggered observation.
Background
With the rapid development of exploration technology, the application range of exploration technology is more and more extensive, and when underground resources are explored, drilling is the most effective and intuitive method, but is limited by efficiency and cost, so that before drilling, the position of the underground resources needs to be inferred through seismic exploration, and position support is provided for drilling. At present, when seismic exploration is carried out, the traditional reflected wave seismic exploration only utilizes reflected wave information, cannot utilize all information of seismic waves, does not consider influence of real complex terrain, and easily causes that collected information is not comprehensive enough so as to influence a subsequent inversion imaging result. Therefore, the existing seismic exploration method has the problems of insufficient information acquisition fineness and incomplete information acquisition.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a seismic exploration method and a seismic exploration system for three-dimensional full information scattered waves by array staggered observation, which aim to solve the problems of insufficient information acquisition fineness and incomplete information acquisition in the conventional seismic exploration method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides an array staggered observation three-dimensional full information scattered wave seismic exploration method, which comprises the following steps:
determining a region to be explored, and determining a target region in the region to be explored;
determining the setting position of a shot point based on a region to be explored, dividing the region to be explored into a basic array region, and dividing a target region into a staggered array region;
determining a basic observation array consisting of first information collecting equipment based on the basic array area, generating basic array scattered waves through shot points located in the basic array area, and sequentially carrying out data acquisition on the basic array scattered waves by using the basic observation array in the basic array area;
determining a staggered observation array formed by second information collection equipment based on the staggered array area, generating staggered array scattered waves through shot points located in the staggered array area, and sequentially performing data acquisition on the staggered array scattered waves in the staggered array area by using the staggered observation array;
and taking the basic array scattered waves and the staggered array scattered waves as scattered wave data of the area to be explored.
Optionally, the first information collecting devices in the basic observation array and the second information collecting devices in the staggered observation array are arranged in a staggered manner.
Optionally, the dividing the area to be surveyed into basic array areas includes:
dividing a region to be surveyed into N basic arrays, and forming a basic array region by the N basic arrays, wherein N is a positive integer.
Optionally, the dividing the target area into staggered array areas includes:
the target area is divided into M staggered arrays, and the staggered array area is formed by the M staggered arrays, wherein M is a positive integer.
Optionally, the acquiring data of the scattered waves of the basic array by using the basic observation array includes:
and acquiring data of the scattered waves of the basic array generated by the adjacent shot points by utilizing a first information collecting device in the basic observation array.
Optionally, the acquiring data of scattered waves of the staggered array by using the staggered observation array includes:
and acquiring data of scattered waves of the staggered array generated by adjacent shot points by using a second information collecting device in the staggered observation array.
Optionally, the first information collecting device and the second information collecting device are both detectors, and the shot point generates the basic array scattered waves and the staggered array scattered waves by setting explosives to explode.
Optionally, after the basic array scattered waves and the staggered array scattered waves are used as scattered wave data of the area to be surveyed, the method further comprises:
and performing full-information comprehensive inversion imaging on the obtained scattered wave data.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a system for an array staggered observation three-dimensional full-information scattered wave seismic exploration, which includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the steps of any one of the methods in the first aspect when executing the computer program.
Has the beneficial effects that:
the seismic exploration method of the array staggered observation three-dimensional full information scattered waves divides an area to be explored into a basic array area and a staggered array area, generates basic array scattered waves and staggered array scattered waves through a shot point, collects the basic array scattered waves by using the basic observation array, collects the staggered array scattered waves by using the staggered observation array, and finally performs information fusion on the basic array scattered waves and the staggered array scattered waves to finally obtain scattered wave data of the area to be explored. The collected information is encrypted on the basis of the basic array, so that excitation and receiving between the basic array and the staggered array are more complete, and multi-angle, omnibearing and comprehensive system receiving of information is realized; the accuracy of information acquisition is improved through the staggered distribution of the equipment in the basic observation array and the staggered observation array, multi-angle omnibearing illumination on the underground medium is realized, and therefore the comprehensive receiving of seismic wave information is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of array-based cross-observation three-dimensional total information scattered wave seismic exploration according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of receivers and shots in the array staggered observation three-dimensional full information scattered wave seismic exploration method according to the preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the division of an area to be surveyed in the array staggered observation three-dimensional full information scattered wave seismic exploration method according to the preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of receivers in the basic array and the staggered array of the array staggered observation three-dimensional total information scattered wave seismic exploration method according to the preferred embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The use of "first," "second," and the like, herein does not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather the terms "first," "second," and the like are used to distinguish one element from another. Also, the use of the terms "a" or "an" and the like do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one. The terms "connected" or "coupled" and the like are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described is changed, the relative positional relationships are changed accordingly.
Example 1, please refer to fig. 1-4:
the embodiment of the application provides an array staggered observation three-dimensional full information scattered wave seismic exploration method, which comprises the following steps:
determining a region to be explored, and determining a target region in the region to be explored;
determining the setting position of a shot point based on a region to be explored, dividing the region to be explored into a basic array region, and dividing a target region into a staggered array region;
determining a basic observation array consisting of first information collecting equipment based on the basic array area, generating basic array scattered waves through shot points located in the basic array area, and sequentially performing data acquisition on the basic array scattered waves by using the basic observation array in the basic array area;
determining a staggered observation array formed by second information collection equipment based on the staggered array area, generating staggered array scattered waves through shot points located in the staggered array area, and sequentially performing data acquisition on the staggered array scattered waves in the staggered array area by using the staggered observation array;
and taking the basic array scattered waves and the staggered array scattered waves as scattered wave data of the area to be explored.
In the embodiment, the area to be explored is divided into a basic array area and a staggered array area, basic array scattered waves and staggered array scattered waves are generated through a shot point, the basic array scattered waves are collected by using a basic observation array, the staggered array scattered waves are collected by using the staggered observation array, and finally the basic array scattered waves and the staggered array scattered waves are subjected to information fusion to finally obtain scattered wave data of the area to be explored; therefore, multi-angle and all-dimensional excitation and receiving are realized, the fineness of information acquisition is improved through the staggered distribution of equipment in the basic observation array and the staggered observation array, and the comprehensive receiving of seismic wave information is realized.
Meanwhile, the shot points in the basic array area and the shot points in the staggered array area are determined shot points in the area to be explored, so when staggered array scattered wave acquisition is carried out in the staggered array area, the shot points in the staggered array area and the shot points in the basic array area are in a shared relation, secondary shot point setting is not needed, and construction cost is reduced.
In addition, through the principle that shot point sharing and information collection equipment encryption are not shared, when the abnormal body is located below the staggered array, information of one direction of the abnormal body can be acquired through basic array acquisition, and information of another angle of the abnormal body can be acquired and excited through the staggered array acquisition, so that the information of the abnormal body can be excited in multiple directions through a staggered array observation mode, and multi-angle illumination can be realized on the abnormal body. Meanwhile, the staggered array can play a role in encrypting information, so that the resolution of the abnormal body is improved.
Optionally, the first information collecting devices in the basic observation array and the second information collecting devices in the staggered observation array are arranged in a staggered manner.
In the above embodiment, the basic array detectors in the basic array and the staggered array detectors in the staggered array are arranged in a staggered manner, and by means of the staggered arrangement, it is ensured that omission does not occur in the data acquired by the basic array and the data acquired by the staggered array, interference between the basic array detectors and the staggered array detectors is prevented, and meanwhile, density encryption processing can be performed on the settings of the basic array detectors and the staggered array detectors according to the requirement of exploration precision, so that the precision of the acquired data is further improved. The combination of the base array and the staggered array allows for more complete illumination of the subsurface medium and more comprehensive information.
Optionally, the dividing the region to be surveyed into basic array regions includes:
dividing a region to be explored into N basic arrays, and forming a basic array region through the N basic arrays, wherein N is a positive integer.
Optionally, the dividing the target area into the staggered array area includes:
the target area is divided into M staggered arrays, and the staggered array area is formed by the M staggered arrays, wherein M is a positive integer.
Optionally, the acquiring data of the scattered waves of the basic array by using the basic observation array includes:
and acquiring data of the scattered waves of the basic array generated by the adjacent shot points by utilizing a first information collecting device in the basic observation array.
Optionally, the acquiring data of the scattered waves of the staggered array by using the staggered observation array includes:
and acquiring data of scattered waves of the staggered array generated by adjacent shot points by using a second information collecting device in the staggered observation array.
Optionally, the first information collecting device and the second information collecting device are both detectors, and the shot point generates the basic array scattered waves and the staggered array scattered waves by setting explosives to explode.
In the above embodiments, the first explosive may be an explosive, and may also be an air gun, a steam gun, an electric spark ignition gas, or the like. This is by way of example only and not by way of limitation.
Optionally, after the scattered waves of the basic array and the scattered waves of the staggered array are taken as the scattered wave data of the area to be surveyed, the method further includes:
and performing full-information comprehensive inversion imaging on the obtained scattered wave data.
In the embodiment, the influence of a terrain air layer is considered, based on a real earthquake-geological model, the boundary condition used by numerical simulation is consistent with a real physical boundary, so that the numerical simulation earthquake wave field is consistent with the real earthquake wave field, and a foundation is laid for obtaining a correct and accurate inversion imaging result; and (3) inverting the data acquired by the seismic exploration of the full-information scattered waves, and performing inversion imaging by taking all types of seismic waves as effective waves, so that accurate, accurate and high-resolution inversion imaging results can be obtained, and accurate imaging of underground real geological conditions is realized.
Example 2, please refer to FIGS. 2-4
The method comprises the following steps: according to the specific exploration requirement, the size of an area to be explored is determined.
Step two: the survey area is divided in units of arrays, and the distribution of receivers and shots in a single array is determined, as shown in fig. 2. The number of shots and the spacing of shots, the number of receivers and the distance between receivers may be appropriately encrypted or sparse depending on the requirements for the fineness of the survey.
Step three: depending on the size of the survey area, the area is divided into several arrays, as shown in FIG. 3, where the arrays are divided into basic arrays and staggered arrays. In the data acquisition process, the information acquisition work of the basic array is completed firstly, and then the information acquisition work of the staggered array is completed. The basic array completes one-time information comprehensive acquisition of a work area and completes excitation and reception of signals inside the basic array; the staggered array utilizes the seismic sources of the basic arrays to excite and receive between the basic arrays, thereby realizing multi-angle and omnibearing excitation and reception; the detectors in the staggered array and the detectors in the basic array are distributed in a staggered mode and are appropriately encrypted according to the requirement on the exploration fineness, and therefore the seismic wave information is comprehensively received.
Step four: the staggered array and the basic array follow the principle that shots are shared, and the detectors are encrypted and not shared. A schematic diagram of the distribution of receivers and shots in the staggered array and the basic array is shown in fig. 4. After the basic array data acquisition is completed, the shot points of the basic array are still adopted to acquire data of the staggered array, as can be seen from fig. 4, the staggered array and the shot points of the basic array are shared, and the detectors are distributed in a staggered manner. The basic arrays are excited and received in all directions and multiple angles through the staggered arrays, so that the excitation and reception full coverage is realized, and all information of the exploration target is obtained by the basic arrays and the staggered arrays.
Step five: and carrying out data fusion on the data acquired by the basic array and the staggered array to obtain comprehensive scattered wave data.
In the above embodiments, first the survey effort and cost is greatly reduced.
Because the method does not need to record the complete wave form of the seismic wave, the distance between the detectors can be more than one seismic wave wavelength, and compared with the traditional reflected wave seismic exploration, the arrangement number of the detectors can be reduced by more than two orders of magnitude, thereby greatly reducing the construction amount; meanwhile, the seismic exploration of the full-information scattered waves only needs to complete the information acquisition of the basic array and the staggered array, the signal-to-noise ratio is improved without multiple covering, and the field construction amount is further greatly reduced. Therefore, the full-information scattered wave seismic exploration construction efficiency is greatly improved, and the exploration cost is greatly reduced.
Secondly, the real seismic-geological model is used, the method is suitable for exploration and inversion imaging of any complex geological condition, and a real fine exploration result can be obtained.
The traditional reflected wave seismic exploration is based on a reflected wave seismic model, only reflected wave information is utilized, all seismic wave information cannot be utilized, real and complex air and terrain influences are not considered, the exploration effect is approximate, actual geological structure characteristics are blurred to a certain extent, the reflected wave seismic-geological condition is met, the better exploration effect can be obtained, the reflected wave seismic-geological condition is not met, and the exploration effect is difficult to obtain in the reflected wave seismic exploration. The seismic exploration of the total information scattered waves is based on a real seismic-geological model, and all information of the seismic scattered waves is used for inversion, so that correct and accurate imaging of an exploration area can be realized, and the seismic exploration method has broad applicability to fine exploration under any complex geological conditions.
And finally, the information is comprehensively utilized, and the resolution is high.
Full information scattered wave seismic exploration divides seismic data acquisition into basic array observation and staggered array observation. Firstly, carrying out primary basic array observation on the whole work area, and then carrying out staggered array observation on an exploration to-be-explored area. The staggered array utilizes the seismic sources of the basic arrays to excite and receive between the basic arrays, thereby realizing multi-angle and omnibearing excitation and reception; the detectors in the staggered array and the detectors in the basic array are distributed in a staggered mode and are appropriately encrypted according to the requirement on the exploration fineness, and therefore the seismic wave information is comprehensively received. Based on a real and accurate earthquake-geological model, all information of earthquake scattered waves is used for inversion, and correct, accurate and high-resolution imaging of an exploration area is achieved.
Example 3:
the embodiment of the application also provides an array staggered observation three-dimensional full information scattered wave seismic exploration system which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program which is stored on the memory and can be run on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to realize the steps of any one of the array staggered observation three-dimensional full information scattered wave seismic exploration methods.
The seismic exploration system for the three-dimensional total information scattered waves based on the array staggered observation can realize each embodiment of the seismic exploration method for the three-dimensional total information scattered waves based on the array staggered observation, and can achieve the same beneficial effects, and the details are not repeated here.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions that can be obtained by a person skilled in the art through logical analysis, reasoning or limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concepts of the present invention should be within the scope of protection determined by the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A seismic exploration method for three-dimensional full information scattered waves through array staggered observation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining a region to be explored, and determining a target region in the region to be explored;
determining the setting position of a shot point based on a region to be explored, dividing the region to be explored into a basic array region, and dividing a target region into a staggered array region;
determining a basic observation array consisting of first information collecting equipment based on the basic array area, generating basic array scattered waves through shot points located in the basic array area, and sequentially performing data acquisition on the basic array scattered waves by using the basic observation array in the basic array area;
determining a staggered observation array formed by second information collection equipment based on the staggered array area, generating staggered array scattered waves through shot points located in the staggered array area, and sequentially performing data acquisition on the staggered array scattered waves in the staggered array area by using the staggered observation array;
and taking the basic array scattered waves and the staggered array scattered waves as scattered wave data of the area to be explored.
2. The method of array-staggered observation three-dimensional full-information scattered wave seismic exploration according to claim 1, wherein a first information collection device in the basic observation array and a second information collection device in the staggered observation array are arranged in a staggered manner.
3. The method of array-staggered observation three-dimensional full-information scattered wave seismic exploration according to claim 1, wherein the step of dividing an area to be explored into basic array areas comprises the following steps:
dividing a region to be explored into N basic arrays, and forming a basic array region through the N basic arrays, wherein N is a positive integer.
4. The method of array staggered observation three-dimensional total information scattered wave seismic exploration according to claim 1, wherein said dividing the target area into staggered array areas comprises:
dividing the target area into M staggered arrays, and forming a staggered array area by the M staggered arrays, wherein M is a positive integer.
5. The method of array-staggered observation three-dimensional full-information scattered wave seismic exploration according to claim 1, wherein the data acquisition of the basic array scattered waves by using the basic observation array comprises the following steps:
and acquiring data of the scattered waves of the basic array generated by the adjacent shot points by utilizing a first information collecting device in the basic observation array.
6. The method for array staggered observation three-dimensional full information scattered wave seismic exploration according to claim 1, wherein the data acquisition of the staggered array scattered waves by utilizing the staggered observation array comprises the following steps:
and acquiring data of scattered waves of the staggered array generated by adjacent shot points by using a second information collecting device in the staggered observation array.
7. The method of array cross-observation three-dimensional full-information scattered wave seismic exploration according to claim 1, wherein the first information collection device and the second information collection device are both geophones, and the shot point generates a basic array scattered wave and a cross array scattered wave by setting an explosive to explode.
8. The method for array staggered observation three-dimensional full information scattered wave seismic exploration according to claim 1, wherein after the basic array scattered wave and the staggered array scattered wave are used as scattered wave data of an area to be explored, the method further comprises the following steps:
and performing full-information comprehensive inversion imaging on the obtained scattered wave data.
9. An array interleaved three dimensional total information scattered wave seismic survey system comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor when executing the computer program performs the steps of the method of any of claims 1 to 8.
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