CN115749671B - Drilling constant-pressure trap plugging tool and plugging method - Google Patents
Drilling constant-pressure trap plugging tool and plugging method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115749671B CN115749671B CN202310017227.6A CN202310017227A CN115749671B CN 115749671 B CN115749671 B CN 115749671B CN 202310017227 A CN202310017227 A CN 202310017227A CN 115749671 B CN115749671 B CN 115749671B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention discloses a constant-pressure trap plugging tool and a plugging method for well drilling, wherein the plugging tool comprises the following components: the outer wall of the central tube is sequentially sleeved with a seat hanging mechanism, a rubber cylinder, a piston, a sealing ring and a guide shoe from top to bottom, a cylinder sleeve is arranged on the outer surface of the piston, the piston is arranged between the central tube and the cylinder sleeve, and the upper end of the guide shoe is connected with the cylinder sleeve. An oil hole is formed in the central tube, a drilling fluid flow passage is formed between the piston and the sealing ring, and the oil hole is communicated with the drilling fluid flow passage; the valve body is arranged in the central tube and is positioned below the oil hole. The device has simple structure, is convenient to assemble, and can effectively leak-stop the leakage layer. The plugging method is simple to operate, and can effectively ensure the plugging effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of well drilling plugging, in particular to a well drilling constant-pressure trap plugging tool and a well drilling constant-pressure trap plugging method.
Background
In the oil gas development well drilling process, due to the fact that the compactness and the bearing capacity of stratum with different depths are different, part of drilling fluid can enter into stratum with loose compactness to form a leakage layer, the stratum of the leakage layer is polluted by the drilling fluid, the oil gas yield in the later stage can be affected, drilling fluid waste can be caused due to leakage of the drilling fluid, and the drilling time is delayed. After the leakage layer is plugged, the drilling work can be continued.
The packer is a common well drilling plugging tool, and mainly uses a single-layer structure formed by single rubber and a multi-layer structure formed by overlapping a plurality of rubber to expand the rubber so as to plug a well hole, wherein the single-layer structure has a small sealing length range, the compression deformation of the rubber is small, and the sealing effect is poor; in order to ensure that the adjacent rubber barrels are tightly attached, the packer with a multi-layer structure needs to apply a preset pressing force during assembly, so that the installation of the shear pin is not facilitated, the number of the rubber barrels to be assembled is increased, and the assembly process is more complicated; on the other hand, the existing packer is generally used for hanging and fixing a structure by adopting a single slip, the slip is circumferentially arranged on the periphery side of a central pipe during assembly, a retainer is required to be additionally arranged outside the slip for preventing the slip from falling, and an accommodating groove which is suitable for the inner wall Xu Ya of the retainer is processed according to the structure of the slip. Based on the defects, a packing tool with good sealing effect, simple structure and convenient assembly is needed, and leakage loss layers can be effectively plugged.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention aims to provide the constant-pressure trap plugging tool and the plugging method for drilling, which have good sealing effect, simple structure and convenient assembly and can effectively plug a leakage layer.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the constant-pressure trap plugging tool for the well drilling comprises a central pipe, wherein a through hole is formed in the middle of the central pipe, and the upper end of the central pipe is connected with an upper joint; the outer wall of the central tube is sequentially sleeved with a seat hanging mechanism, a rubber cylinder, a piston, a sealing ring and a guide shoe from top to bottom;
the seat hanging mechanism comprises an upper taper ring, a hanging ring and a lower taper ring which are arranged from top to bottom; the lower surface of the upper conical ring and the upper surface of the lower conical ring are conical surfaces with the lower ends facing the center of the central tube; the hanging ring is composed of a plurality of hanging blocks, and the upper end face and the lower end face of the hanging blocks are respectively matched with the lower surface of the upper conical ring and the upper surface of the lower conical ring; a first shear screw is arranged between the lower cone ring and the central tube;
an annular gap which uniformly divides the outer wall of the rubber cylinder into a plurality of sections is formed in the outer wall of the rubber cylinder;
a second shear screw is arranged between the upper part of the piston and the central tube; a cylinder sleeve is arranged outside the valve body, and the lower part of the cylinder sleeve is connected with the upper part of the guide shoe; an oil hole is formed in the central pipe, a drilling fluid flow passage is formed between the piston and the sealing ring, and the oil hole is communicated with the drilling fluid flow passage;
the lower part of the through hole in the central tube is provided with a valve body for preventing drilling fluid from flowing out, the top of the valve body is lower than the oil hole, and a third shear screw is arranged between the valve body and the inner wall of the central tube.
As a preferred implementation scheme, the hanging ring is divided into a plurality of hanging blocks by a plurality of cutting grooves, and the inner walls of the hanging blocks are connected into a whole; guide strips are arranged on the upper end face and the lower end face of the seat hanging block, guide grooves are formed in the lower surface of the upper conical ring and the upper surface of the lower conical ring, and the guide strips are matched with the guide grooves.
As a preferred implementation scheme, a rubber cylinder pad is arranged between the rubber cylinder and the piston, and the lower end of the rubber cylinder pad is matched with the upper end of the piston and the upper end of the cylinder sleeve.
As a preferred implementation scheme, annular grooves are formed in the inner wall corresponding to the outer wall of each section of the rubber cylinder, and the annular grooves are isosceles triangles with apex angles facing the outer wall of the rubber cylinder.
As a preferred implementation scheme, a locking ring with unidirectional sawtooth threads and with upward band saw teeth on two sides is arranged between the upper part of the piston and the upper part of the cylinder sleeve, and the locking ring is projected to be C-shaped along the axial direction; the outer surface of the upper part of the piston and the inner surface of the upper part of the cylinder sleeve are respectively provided with unidirectional sawtooth threads with downward sawtooth; the inner wall of the locking ring is meshed with the outer surface of the piston, and the outer wall of the locking ring is incompletely meshed with the inner wall of the cylinder sleeve.
As a preferred implementation scheme, a connecting ring is arranged between the sealing ring and the guide shoe, the lower end surface of the connecting ring and the upper end surface of the guide shoe are conical surfaces, and the two conical surfaces are matched; the connecting ring is provided with a through hole, and the guide shoe is provided with a blind hole which does not penetrate through the bottom; the lower part of the cylinder sleeve is matched with the outer wall of the connecting ring and the upper part of the guide shoe.
As a preferred embodiment, the outer wall of the guide shoe is provided with a guide ring, and the lower end surface of the guide ring is a conical surface.
As a preferred embodiment, a first step ridge and a second step ridge are arranged on the inner wall of the central tube, and the upper end of the valve body is abutted against the first step ridge; the lower part of the valve body is provided with a protrusion matched with the second step ridge.
As a preferred embodiment, the valve body comprises a valve core, a backing ring and a shearing seat which are communicated from top to bottom; the upper end and the lower end of the valve core are respectively provided with a conical surface, an upper plugging ball and a lower plugging ball are respectively arranged in the upper conical surface and the lower conical surface, and the lower end of the lower plugging ball is connected with a spring; and a third shearing screw is arranged between the shearing seat and the inner wall of the central tube.
A plugging method of a constant-pressure trap plugging tool for well drilling comprises the following steps:
s1: connecting a plugging tool with the lower end of a drill rod, and lowering the plugging tool to a preset position above a leakage layer by using the drill rod;
s2: filling drilling fluid, arranging an upper plugging ball at the upper end of the valve body, and closing the valve body;
s3: filling drilling fluid to enable the seat hanging block to move outwards along the circumference and contact with the inner wall of the borehole;
s4: continuing to pressurize to make the outer wall of the rubber cylinder fit with the inner wall of the well bore;
s5: continuing to pressurize to separate the valve body from the central tube;
s6: and (5) injecting a plugging agent to complete plugging.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention provides a constant-pressure trap plugging tool for drilling, which has good sealing effect, simple structure and convenient assembly.
(2) The packing element is monolithic structure, and the equipment is more convenient, sets up annular breach along the circumference at its outer wall, makes between packing element outer wall and the well bore form multilayer seal structure to through the compression space of processing annular breach multiplicable packing element, with increase compression volume, effectively improve sealed effect.
(3) The hanging rings with the integrated structure are formed by the plurality of hanging blocks, a retainer is not required to be additionally arranged, so that the stable installation structure of the hanging blocks can be ensured, and the hanging rings are only required to be sleeved outside the central tube, so that the hanging rings are more convenient to assemble.
(4) The invention provides a plugging method of a constant-pressure trap plugging tool for well drilling, which is simple to operate and can effectively ensure the plugging effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the plugging tool of the present invention in an initial state;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view A of a portion of FIG. 1 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view B of a portion of FIG. 1 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view C of a portion of FIG. 1 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the valve body structure of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the construction of the plugging tool of the present invention in use;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged view D of a portion of FIG. 6 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 8 is an enlarged partial view E of FIG. 6 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a locking ring according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a sectional view of the construction of a preferred embodiment of the packing element of the present invention in an initial state;
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the construction of a preferred embodiment of the packing element of the present invention in use;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the upper cone ring structure of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a hanging ring according to the present invention;
fig. 14 is a schematic view of the lower cone ring structure of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a central tube; 101. an oil hole; 2. a seat hanging mechanism; 201. an upper cone ring; 202. hanging rings; 203. a lower cone ring; 204. a seat hanging block; 205. dividing grooves; 206. a guide groove; 207. a guide bar; 3. a rubber cylinder; 4. a piston; 401. a drilling fluid flow passage; 5. a seal ring; 6. guiding shoes; 601. a blind hole; 7. cylinder sleeve; 8. a valve body; 801. a valve core; 802. a backing ring; 803. a shearing seat; 804. a plugging ball is arranged on the upper part; 805. a lower blocking ball; 806. a spring; 9. a first shear screw; 10. an annular gap; 11. a second shear screw; 12. an annular groove; 13. a third shear screw; 14. an upper joint; 15. a rubber cylinder pad; 16. a locking ring; 17. a guide ring; 18. a connecting ring; 1801. a through hole; 19. and (3) a circular ring.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate or are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present invention and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-14, the embodiment provides a drilling constant pressure trap plugging tool, which comprises a central pipe 1, wherein a through hole is formed in the middle of the central pipe 1, and the upper end of the central pipe 1 is connected with an upper joint 14; the drilling fluid or plugging agent is injected into the central tube 1 through the drill rod by connecting the upper joint 14 with the drill rod, and the outer wall of the central tube 1 is sequentially sleeved with a hanging mechanism 2, a rubber cylinder 3, a piston 4, a sealing ring 5 and a guide shoe 6 from top to bottom;
the seat hanging mechanism 2 comprises an upper taper ring 201, a hanging ring 202 and a lower taper ring 203 which are arranged from top to bottom; the lower surface of the upper conical ring 201 and the upper surface of the lower conical ring 203 are conical surfaces with the lower ends facing the center of the central tube 1; the hanging ring 202 is composed of a plurality of hanging blocks 204, and the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the hanging blocks 204 are respectively matched with the lower surface of the upper conical ring 201 and the upper surface of the lower conical ring 203; a first shear screw 9 is arranged between the lower conical ring 203 and the central tube 1; it should be noted that the shearing force that the first shearing screw 9 can bear is smaller than the force required by the compression deformation of the rubber cylinder 3, that is, the rubber cylinder 3 is still in an uncompressed state after the first shearing screw 9 is cut.
An annular gap 10 which uniformly divides the outer wall of the rubber cylinder 3 into a plurality of sections is formed in the outer wall of the rubber cylinder 3; the annular gap 10 is at least provided with one position along the length direction of the rubber cylinder 3, so that the outer wall of the rubber cylinder 3 forms a multi-section structure, and the outer wall of the rubber cylinder 3 presents a multi-layer sealing structure when being compressed, thereby improving the sealing effect on a borehole.
A second shear screw 11 is arranged between the upper part of the piston 4 and the central tube 1; a cylinder sleeve 7 is arranged outside the valve body 8, and the lower part of the cylinder sleeve 7 is connected with the upper part of the guide shoe 6; an oil hole 101 is formed in the central tube 1, a drilling fluid flow channel 401 is arranged between the piston 4 and the sealing ring 5, and the oil hole 101 is communicated with the drilling fluid flow channel 401; it is worth to say that the piston 4 is connected with the lower part of the cylinder sleeve 7 in a sealing way to prevent the leakage of drilling fluid; when the drilling fluid flows into the through hole of the center tube 1, it flows into the drilling fluid flow passage 401 through the oil hole 101, and applies upward force to the piston 4, cutting off the second shear screw 11, and moving the piston 4 upward.
The lower part of the through hole in the central tube 1 is provided with a valve body 8 for preventing drilling fluid from flowing out, the top of the valve body 8 is lower than the oil hole 101, and a third shear screw 13 is arranged between the valve body 8 and the inner wall of the central tube 1.
When the hydraulic oil pump is used, drilling fluid is injected into the central tube 1, so that the drilling fluid enters the drilling fluid flow channel 401 through the oil hole 101 to apply upward acting force to the piston 4, and at the moment, the second shear screw 11 is cut off, so that the piston 4 moves upwards smoothly. The piston 4 pushes the rubber cylinder 3 to move upwards, the first shear screw 9 is cut off under the thrust action of the rubber cylinder 3, the lower conical ring 203 pushes the hanging ring 202 upwards, each seat hanging block 204 in the hanging ring 202 moves outwards along the circumference until contacting the wall of the well, and the plugging tool is coaxially positioned in the well. The piston 4 continues to move upwards, so that the rubber cylinder 3 is expanded under pressure, and the outer wall of the rubber cylinder 3 is attached to the inner wall of the well bore to form a seal. The drilling fluid continues to be filled into the central tube 1, the piston 4 stops moving, and after the internal pressure of the central tube 1 reaches a preset value, the third shear screw 13 is cut off, so that the valve body 8 is separated downwards from the central tube 1.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1-14, the present embodiment is developed on the basis of the foregoing embodiment, specifically, the present embodiment provides a drilling constant pressure trapping plugging tool, as shown in fig. 12-14, the hanging ring 202 is divided into a plurality of hanging blocks 204 by a plurality of dividing grooves 205, and inner walls of the plurality of hanging blocks 204 are connected into a whole; guide strips 207 are arranged on the upper end face and the lower end face of the seat hanging block 204, guide grooves 206 are formed in the lower surface of the upper conical ring 201 and the upper surface of the lower conical ring 203, and the guide strips 207 are matched with the guide grooves 206. It should be noted that the cutting groove 205 penetrates through the outer side wall and two end surfaces of the hanging ring 202, and only the inner wall with a predetermined thickness of the remaining hanging ring 202 connects the plurality of hanging blocks 204, and under the action of the drilling fluid, after the first shearing screw 9 is cut off, the lower conical ring 203 pushes the hanging ring 202 upwards, so that the hanging ring 202 is disconnected and divided into a plurality of hanging blocks 204 from the position of the cutting groove 205. Guide strips 207 are arranged on the two end faces of each seat hanging block 204 along the normal direction of the hanging ring 202, guide grooves 206 arranged along the normal direction are formed in the end faces, facing the hanging ring 202, of the upper conical ring 201 and the lower conical ring 203, corresponding to the guide strips 207, and the guide strips 207 are slidably arranged in the corresponding guide grooves 206. So that the relative positions of the upper cone ring 201, the lower cone ring 203 and the hanging ring 202 along the circumference remain fixed, prevent mutual rotation, and ensure that each hanging block 204 moves along a predetermined direction, thereby ensuring the hanging effect. The base hanging blocks 204 are pushed out by the extrusion force of the upper cone ring 201 and the lower cone ring 203, so that the arc outer wall of each base hanging block 204 is coaxial with the central tube 1, the plugging tool is positioned at the axis of the well hole, the rubber cylinder 3 and the circumference of the well hole are more balanced in sealing pressure, and the sealing effect of the circumference is the same.
As a preferred embodiment, a rubber gasket 15 is disposed between the rubber 3 and the piston 4, and the lower end of the rubber gasket 15 is matched with the upper end of the piston 4 and the upper end of the cylinder sleeve 7.
As a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 10-11, an annular groove 12 is formed on the inner wall corresponding to the outer wall of each section of the rubber cylinder 3, and the annular groove 12 is in an isosceles triangle with a vertex angle facing the outer wall of the rubber cylinder 3. The annular groove 12 is processed on the inner wall of the rubber cylinder 3, so that the rubber cylinder 3 has larger compression space, the diameter of the rubber cylinder 3 after expansion is larger, the diameter range of a plugging tool suitable for a well hole is larger, and the tension pressure is larger when the plugging tool is used for the well hole with the same diameter, so that the sealing effect is improved. The cross section of the annular groove 12 is designed into an isosceles triangle structure, so that the solid parts on two sides of the annular groove 12 can be pressed more uniformly and bulge towards the circumference more regularly. Further preferably, at least two circular rings 19 are embedded in the inner wall of the rubber cylinder 3, the outer diameter of each circular ring 19 is smaller than or equal to the inner diameter of the inner hole of the rubber cylinder 3, the circular rings 19 are simultaneously positioned at two ends or the middle part of the rubber cylinder 3 and adjacent to the annular grooves 12, in the embodiment, the annular gap 10 is provided with one part, when the outer wall of the rubber cylinder 3 is divided into two sections, the inner part of the rubber cylinder 3 is correspondingly provided with one annular groove 12, so that the inner wall of the rubber cylinder 3 is divided into three sections by the two annular grooves 12, in the embodiment, the circular rings 19 are embedded in the two ends of the inner wall of the rubber cylinder 3, so that the rubber cylinder 3 is kept coaxial with the central tube 1, and the part, which is not provided with the circular rings 19, of the middle section of the inner wall of the rubber cylinder 3 is attached to the outer wall of the central tube 1 in compression, forms a seal, so that leakage between the inner wall of the rubber cylinder 3 and the central tube 1 is prevented.
As a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 8 and 9, a locking ring 16 with unidirectional sawtooth threads with upward band saw teeth on both sides is arranged between the upper part of the piston 4 and the upper part of the cylinder sleeve 7, and the locking ring 16 is projected to be a C shape along the axial direction; the upper outer surface of the piston 4 and the upper inner surface of the cylinder sleeve 7 are both provided with unidirectional sawtooth threads with downward sawtooth; the inner wall of the locking ring 16 engages with the outer surface of the piston 4, and the outer wall of the locking ring 16 does not fully engage with the inner wall of the cylinder liner 7. When in assembly, the unidirectional sawtooth thread of the inner wall of the locking ring 16 is attached to the unidirectional sawtooth thread of the outer wall of the piston 4, and a space is reserved between the unidirectional sawtooth thread of the outer wall of the locking ring 16 and the unidirectional sawtooth thread of the inner wall of the cylinder sleeve 7. When the piston 4 moves upwards, the lock ring 16 cannot move upwards together with the piston 4 under the limiting effect of the unidirectional sawtooth thread of the cylinder sleeve 7, in the process of upwards moving the piston 4, the lock ring 16 is outwards expanded along the circumference through the sliding of the unidirectional sawtooth thread conical surface so as to facilitate the upward movement of the piston 4, and after the piston 4 rises to a preset position, the unidirectional sawtooth thread between the piston 4 and the lock ring 16 can be utilized to realize limit, so that the piston 4 is prevented from sliding downwards, the seat hanging block 204 is always in a seat hanging state, and the rubber cylinder 3 is always kept in a compression state.
As a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, a connecting ring 18 is disposed between the sealing ring 5 and the guide shoe 6, and the lower end surface of the connecting ring 18 and the upper end surface of the guide shoe 6 are both conical surfaces, and the two conical surfaces are matched; the connecting ring 18 is provided with a through hole 1801, and the guide shoe 6 is provided with a blind hole 601 which does not penetrate through the bottom; the lower part of the cylinder sleeve 7 is matched with the outer wall of the connecting ring 18 and the upper part of the guide shoe 6. It should be noted that a connecting ring 18 is arranged between the sealing ring 5 and the guide shoe 6, the inner wall of the connecting ring 18 is connected to the outer wall of the central tube 1 through threads, the outer wall of the connecting ring 18 is connected to the inner wall of the cylinder sleeve 7 through threads, and the connecting ring 18 is used for connecting the central tube 1 and the cylinder sleeve 7 so that the central tube 1 and the cylinder sleeve 7 are coaxial. Because the central tube 1 and the cylinder sleeve 7 are connected with the connecting ring 18 through threads, the threaded structure is inconvenient to control the coaxial precision between the interconnecting pieces, so that the coaxial precision between the central tube 1 and the cylinder sleeve 7 is easy to lower, the coaxial precision between the piston 4 and the sealing ring 5 and the cylinder sleeve 7 as well as the central tube 1 is correspondingly reduced, the sealing effect of the piston 4 and the sealing ring 5 on the periphery is affected, and the risk of leakage of drilling fluid exists. The inner hole of the guide shoe 6 and the central tube 1 are in a coaxial state with higher precision by improving the machining and mounting precision between the inner hole of the guide shoe 6 and the outer wall of the central tube 1, then the conical surface at the upper end of the guide shoe 6 is matched with the conical surface at the lower end of the connecting ring 18 during assembly, the connecting ring 18 is kept coaxial with the inner hole of the guide shoe 6, and then the coaxial precision of the cylinder sleeve 7 and the central tube 1 is improved by using the connecting ring 18. The connecting ring 18 is provided with a plurality of through holes 1801 along a circumferential array, and the axes of the through holes 1801 are parallel to the axis of the connecting ring 18. Blind holes 601 are formed in the upper end of the guide shoe 6 along the axis direction, and a plurality of blind holes 601 are formed in the circumferential array; after the plugging is completed, the plugging tool needs to be drilled out by a drilling mode, and the physical allowance of the plugging tool during drilling can be reduced by processing the through hole 1801 and the blind hole 601 so as to facilitate the drilling out of the plugging tool, and the blind hole 601 is processed on the guide shoe 6, so that the purpose is to prevent waste liquid in a well from flowing backwards into the plugging tool during plugging.
As a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the outer wall of the guide shoe 6 is provided with a guide ring 17, and the lower end surface of the guide ring 17 is tapered. It is worth to say that, the lower extreme outer wall of guide ring 17 is the conical surface, and when leaking stoppage instrument passed through the irregular department of borehole inner wall, can utilize guide ring 17 guide leaking stoppage instrument to pass through smoothly, guide ring 17 passes through threaded connection in guide shoe 6, according to different borehole internal diameters, needs the guide ring 17 of different external diameters, and threaded connection's mode is convenient for change on site.
As a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, in order to prevent the valve body 8 from moving upwards, a first step ridge and a second step ridge are provided on the inner wall of the central tube 1, and the upper end of the valve body 8 abuts against the first step ridge; the lower part of the valve body 8 is provided with a protrusion matched with the second step ridge.
As a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the valve body 8 includes a valve core 801, a backing ring 802 and a shearing seat 803 which are communicated with each other from top to bottom; the upper end and the lower end of the valve core 801 are respectively provided with a conical surface, an upper blocking ball 804 and a lower blocking ball 805 are respectively arranged in the upper conical surface and the lower conical surface, and the lower end of the lower blocking ball 805 is connected with a spring 806; a third shear screw 13 is arranged between the shear block 803 and the inner wall of the central tube 1. It should be noted that, a spring 806 is disposed at the bottom of the lower plugging ball 805, and is used to jack up the lower plugging ball 805, so that the lower plugging ball 805 keeps being attached to the inner wall of the conical surface at the lower end. In the process of descending the plugging tool into the well, the inner hole of the valve core 801 can be plugged by using the lower plugging ball 805, so that liquid in the well bore is prevented from entering the central pipe 1, and if a large amount of liquid in the well bore enters the plugging tool, the interior of the plugging tool is likely to be plugged or the oil hole 101 is plugged, so that the plugging tool cannot work. In the early stage of the plugging, the drilling fluid needs to be filled into the well bore, and the drilling fluid needs to flow out downwards from the inside of the valve core 801, and at this time, the spring 806 can be compressed by the pressure of the drilling fluid, so that the lower plugging ball 805 is opened. The conical surface at the upper end of the valve core 801 is used for being matched with an upper plugging ball 804, when the plugging tool descends to a preset position in use, the upper plugging ball 804 can be thrown into a well hole through a drill rod, so that the valve core 801 is closed, and drilling fluid is prevented from flowing downwards. The outer walls of the upper blocking ball 804 and the lower blocking ball 805 are respectively provided with a glue coating layer for improving the sealing effect.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 1-14, the present embodiment is developed on the basis of the foregoing embodiment, and specifically, the present embodiment provides a plugging method for a constant-pressure trap plugging tool for drilling, including the following steps:
s1: connecting a plugging tool with the lower end of a drill rod, and lowering the plugging tool to a preset position above a leakage layer by using the drill rod; in order to ensure the plugging effect, the plugging tool can be lowered to a position 5-10 meters above the water leakage point.
S2: filling drilling fluid, arranging an upper plugging ball 804 at the upper end of the valve body 8, and closing the valve body 8; drilling fluid is filled into the central tube 1 through a drill rod, and then the valve body 8 is closed like a plugging ball 804 is put in the well.
S3: filling drilling fluid to enable the seat hanging block 204 to move outwards along the circumference and contact with the inner wall of the borehole; drilling fluid enters the central tube 1, enters the drilling fluid flow channel 401 through the oil hole 101, applies upward acting force to the piston 4, at the moment, the second shearing screw 11 is cut off, the piston 4 moves upwards, the piston 4 pushes the rubber cylinder 3 to move upwards, the first shearing screw 9 is cut off under the thrust action of the rubber cylinder 3, the lower conical ring 203 pushes the hanging ring 202 upwards, the hanging ring 202 is separated from the slitting groove 205 into a plurality of hanging blocks 204, and each hanging block 204 moves outwards along the circumference under the pushing of the lower conical ring 203 until contacting with the wall of a borehole.
S4: continuing to pressurize to make the outer wall of the rubber cylinder 3 fit with the inner wall of the well bore; the piston 4 continues to move upwards, so that the rubber cylinder 3 is expanded under pressure, and the outer wall of the rubber cylinder 3 is attached to the inner wall of the well bore to form a seal.
S5: continuing to pressurize to separate the valve body 8 from the central tube 1; when the piston 4 stops moving, after the internal pressure of the central tube 1 reaches a predetermined value, the third shear screw 13 is cut off, thereby separating the valve body 8 downward from the central tube 1.
S6: and injecting a plugging agent, namely injecting the plugging agent from the inside of the drill rod, wherein the plugging agent accurately enters a leakage layer below a plugging tool, so that the accurate plugging of the leakage layer is realized, and the plugging is completed.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (8)
1. The constant-pressure trap plugging tool for drilling comprises a central pipe (1), wherein a through hole is formed in the middle of the central pipe (1), and the upper end of the central pipe (1) is connected with an upper joint (14); the method is characterized in that: the outer wall of the central tube (1) is sequentially sleeved with a seat hanging mechanism (2), a rubber cylinder (3), a piston (4), a sealing ring (5) and a guide shoe (6) from top to bottom;
the seat hanging mechanism (2) comprises an upper taper ring (201), a hanging ring (202) and a lower taper ring (203) which are arranged from top to bottom; the lower surface of the upper conical ring (201) and the upper surface of the lower conical ring (203) are conical surfaces with the lower ends facing the center of the central tube (1); the hanging ring (202) is composed of a plurality of hanging blocks (204), and the upper end face and the lower end face of the hanging blocks (204) are respectively matched with the lower surface of the upper conical ring (201) and the upper surface of the lower conical ring (203); a first shear screw (9) is arranged between the lower conical ring (203) and the central tube (1);
an annular gap (10) for uniformly dividing the outer wall of the rubber cylinder (3) into a plurality of sections is formed in the outer wall of the rubber cylinder (3);
an oil hole (101) is formed in the central tube (1), a drilling fluid flow passage (401) is formed between the piston (4) and the sealing ring (5), and the oil hole (101) is communicated with the drilling fluid flow passage (401); a valve body (8) for preventing drilling fluid from flowing out is arranged at the lower part of the through hole in the central tube (1), the top of the valve body (8) is lower than the oil hole (101), and a third shear screw (13) is arranged between the valve body (8) and the inner wall of the central tube (1);
a second shear screw (11) is arranged between the upper part of the piston (4) and the central tube (1); a cylinder sleeve (7) is arranged outside the valve body (8), and the lower part of the cylinder sleeve (7) is connected with the upper part of the guide shoe (6);
the hanging ring (202) is divided into a plurality of seat hanging blocks (204) through a plurality of dividing grooves (205), and the inner walls of the seat hanging blocks (204) are connected into a whole; guide strips (207) are arranged on the upper end face and the lower end face of the seat hanging block (204), guide grooves (206) are formed in the lower surface of the upper conical ring (201) and the upper surface of the lower conical ring (203), and the guide strips (207) are matched with the guide grooves (206);
the valve body (8) comprises a valve core (801), a backing ring (802) and a shearing seat (803) which are arranged from top to bottom and are communicated with each other; the upper end and the lower end of the valve core (801) are respectively provided with a conical surface, an upper blocking ball (804) and a lower blocking ball (805) are respectively arranged in the upper conical surface and the lower conical surface, and the lower end of the lower blocking ball (805) is connected with a spring (806); a third shear screw (13) is arranged between the shear seat (803) and the inner wall of the central tube (1).
2. The constant pressure trap plugging tool for well drilling of claim 1, wherein: a rubber cylinder pad (15) is arranged between the rubber cylinder (3) and the piston (4), and the lower end of the rubber cylinder pad (15) is matched with the upper end of the piston (4) and the upper end of the cylinder sleeve (7).
3. The constant pressure trap plugging tool for well drilling of claim 1, wherein: an annular groove (12) is formed in the inner wall corresponding to the outer wall of each section of the rubber cylinder (3), and the annular groove (12) is in an isosceles triangle with the apex angle facing the outer wall of the rubber cylinder (3).
4. The constant pressure trap plugging tool for well drilling of claim 1, wherein: a locking ring (16) with unidirectional sawtooth threads and with upward band saw teeth on both sides is arranged between the upper part of the piston (4) and the upper part of the cylinder sleeve (7), and the locking ring (16) is projected to be C-shaped along the axial direction; the upper outer surface of the piston (4) and the upper inner surface of the cylinder sleeve (7) are respectively provided with unidirectional sawtooth threads with downward sawtooth; the inner wall of the locking ring (16) is meshed with the outer surface of the piston (4), and the outer wall of the locking ring (16) is incompletely meshed with the inner wall of the cylinder sleeve (7).
5. The constant pressure trap plugging tool for well drilling of claim 1, wherein: a connecting ring (18) is arranged between the sealing ring (5) and the guide shoe (6), the lower end surface of the connecting ring (18) and the upper end surface of the guide shoe (6) are conical surfaces, and the two conical surfaces are matched; the connecting ring (18) is provided with a through hole (1801), and the guide shoe (6) is provided with a blind hole (601) which does not penetrate through the bottom; the lower part of the cylinder sleeve (7) is matched with the outer wall of the connecting ring (18) and the upper part of the guide shoe (6).
6. The constant pressure trap plugging tool for well drilling of claim 1, wherein: the outer wall of the guide shoe (6) is provided with a guide ring (17), and the lower end surface of the guide ring (17) is a conical surface.
7. The constant pressure trap plugging tool for well drilling of claim 1, wherein: the inner wall of the central tube (1) is provided with a first step ridge and a second step ridge, and the upper end of the valve body (8) is abutted with the first step ridge; the lower part of the valve body (8) is provided with a bulge matched with the second ladder ridge.
8. A method of plugging a constant pressure trap plugging tool for a well according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: connecting a plugging tool with the lower end of a drill rod, and lowering the plugging tool to a preset position above a leakage layer by using the drill rod;
s2: filling drilling fluid, arranging an upper plugging ball (804) at the upper end of the valve body (8), and closing the valve body (8);
s3: filling drilling fluid to enable the seat hanging block (204) to move outwards along the circumference and contact with the inner wall of the borehole;
s4: continuing to pressurize to make the outer wall of the rubber cylinder (3) be attached to the inner wall of the well bore;
s5: continuing to pressurize to separate the valve body (8) from the central tube (1);
s6: and (5) injecting a plugging agent to complete plugging.
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| CN203097816U (en) * | 2013-03-01 | 2013-07-31 | 北京德美高科科技有限责任公司 | Double-sealed plugging bridge plug device |
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