CN115748649A - Profile base layer structure of abandoned quarry reclamation farmland and construction method - Google Patents
Profile base layer structure of abandoned quarry reclamation farmland and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115748649A CN115748649A CN202211286643.8A CN202211286643A CN115748649A CN 115748649 A CN115748649 A CN 115748649A CN 202211286643 A CN202211286643 A CN 202211286643A CN 115748649 A CN115748649 A CN 115748649A
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910000281 calcium bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 4
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003657 drainage water Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a profile base layer structure of a reclaimed farmland of a waste quarry and a construction method, belonging to the technical field of land reclamation and ecological restoration. The profile base layer structure of the reclamation farmland of the abandoned quarry comprises the following components in sequence from bottom to top: a gravel drainage layer, a soil retention layer and a water retention layer; the gravel drainage layer is composed of gravels with the diameter of 10-60mm, and the thickness of the gravel drainage layer is 20-30cm; the soil-protecting layer consists of non-woven geotextile; the water holding layer consists of a stone glue ball and calcium bentonite, and the content of the calcium bentonite is 1-2% of the volume of the stone glue ball; the thickness of the water holding layer is 10-20cm. The invention improves the regulation and storage capacity of the reclaimed farmland of the abandoned quarry to rainfall; and the section base structure of the reclaimed farmland of the built abandoned quarry is made of local materials, is convenient to construct and low in cost, and is suitable for large-area popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of land reclamation and ecological restoration, in particular to a profile base layer structure of a reclaimed farmland of a waste quarry and a construction method.
Background
In recent years, with the social and economic development and the acceleration of the urbanization process of China, particularly the rapid development of railway, highway and real estate industries, the quarrying industry is promoted to be rapidly developed. With the continuous expansion of the number and scale of quarries, serious environmental and social problems such as land damage, ecological environment damage and the like are brought. Quarry wasteland has become one of the most serious areas of ecological environment damage in the territorial space range. After the quarrying mine finishes quarrying, a large amount of waste gravels and stone glue balls are stored, the large-scale base rock of the quarrying surface is exposed, and partial damaged units can be reclaimed into cultivated land by combining with evaluation of land reclamation suitability, so that the method is one of important directions for the reclamation of the quarrying mine and has important significance for supplementing cultivated land resources, maintaining the balance of the cultivated land and ensuring grain safety.
The research of land reclamation in mining areas is the hot research subject of all mining countries in the world at present. Soil reclamation is the core content of land reclamation research. As a reconstruction section optimization research which is the most basic in soil reconstruction research, china is relatively less developed, the current key point is mainly to pay attention to the section reconstruction of the replated soil and the conventional measures for soil improvement, and few people pay attention to the treatment of the infrastructure. The key problems of reclamation on the bare rock substrate or the waste gravel layer of the waste quarry are that the rainfall water resource cannot be remained in the soil through deep infiltration due to the lack of soil resources and the limited backfilling depth, the water storage and retention capacity of the soil is poor, and the soil is easy to run off. In limestone mine areas in northern China and hilly areas, underground water resources are deficient, precipitation resources are precious, the full utilization of the rainwater resources is very important, and the success or failure of land utilization after reclamation is related. By using local materials and designing a scientific and reasonable reclaimed soil body profile basic structure, the method can play an important supporting role in improving the comprehensive quality and the productivity of the reclaimed farmland.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the prior art, the invention aims to provide a profile base layer structure of a reclaimed land of a waste quarry and a construction method thereof, so as to solve the technical problems of low comprehensive quality of the reclaimed land of the waste bare rock of the quarry and poor rainfall resource drainage and storage capacity.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a profile infrastructure of a reclamation land of a waste quarry, comprising, from bottom to top: a gravel drainage layer, a soil retention layer and a water retention layer;
the gravel drainage layer is composed of gravels with the diameter of 10-60mm, and the thickness of the gravel drainage layer is 20-30cm;
the soil-protecting layer consists of non-woven geotextile;
the water holding layer consists of the stone glue ball and calcium-based bentonite, and the content of the calcium-based bentonite is 1-2% of the volume of the stone glue ball; the thickness of the water holding layer is 10-20cm.
Preferably, the gradient of the gravel drainage layer is 0.2% -0.4%, and the gravel drainage layer tends to the direction of an internal drainage ditch of the reclamation field; the average height of the bottom of the drainage ditch is 10-15cm lower than that of the gravel drainage layer, so that partial precipitation resources can be accumulated, and drainage is facilitated.
Preferably, the specification of the non-woven geotextile is 200g/m 2 (ii) a The overlapping width is greater than or equal to 10cm. The non-woven geotextile used in the invention has dual functions of drainage and reverse filtration, and can meet the requirements of water permeability and soil conservation.
Preferably, the particle size of the stone waste is between 0.16 and 4.75mm.
Preferably, the particle size of the calcium bentonite is 0.5-1mm. The calcium bentonite with a certain volume and strong water absorption capacity is added into the stone glue ball, so that the nutrient maintaining effect of the water holding layer can be obviously improved.
In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for constructing a profile substructure of a reclaimed farmland in a abandoned quarry, comprising the steps of:
(1) Leveling a base course of the waste quarry to be reclaimed into a cultivated land, cutting the height to be low, and then backfilling waste gravels of the quarry to construct a gravel drainage layer;
(2) Laying non-woven geotextile on the gravel drainage layer to form a soil protection layer;
(3) And laying the stone glue ball and the calcium-based bentonite on the soil conservation layer to construct a water conservation layer.
Preferably, in the step (1), a road roller is adopted for compacting and leveling, the height difference of the ground is not more than 5cm, and the compaction degree is more than 90%.
Preferably, in the step (2), when the non-woven geotextile is laid, the overlapping width is greater than or equal to 10cm.
In a third aspect of the invention, the application of the profile base layer structure of the reclaimed farmland of the abandoned quarry in improving the rainfall capacity of the reclaimed farmland of the abandoned quarry is provided.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The base layer structure of the land reclamation cultivated land fully utilizes the waste gravel slag to construct the base layer, and obviously reduces the requirement for backfilling foreign soil. The basic unit includes gravel drainage layer, soil conservation layer and holds the water layer, can prevent and treat the fine particle and run off, makes upper soil can the retaining when well rain again, can discharge water smoothly again when heavy rain, avoids waterlogging, and suitable crop growth improves newly-increased arable land quality, promotes the productivity.
(2) The gravel drainage layer adopts quarry waste gravel, the inverted filter layer adopts common geotextile, the water holding layer is the quarry waste rock glue ball, and the calcium bentonite with good water and fertilizer holding effects, which is locally produced, is added, so that the gravel drainage layer has the advantages of simple and easily-obtained raw materials, low price, economy and applicability, is particularly used for replacing sand with rock glue ball, and is green and environment-friendly, and low in reclamation cost.
(3) The invention adopts a forklift and a road roller, is matched with manual arrangement and is laid in sequence, and the process is simple, easy to operate and convenient to popularize.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the invention discloses a schematic diagram of a section base layer structure of a reclaimed farmland of a waste quarry; in the figure, 1 is a gravel drainage layer, 2 is a soil conservation layer, 3 is a water holding layer, and 4 is a soil passenger layer.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram: the structure of the experimental device for simulating the soil column leaching test is shown schematically.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
Description of terms:
the stone glue ball comprises: the particle size of the particles with the particle size of less than 5mm, which are screened in the process of mechanically processing the broken stone in a quarry, is mainly between 0.16 and 4.75mm.
Gradient: refers to the height difference of the road surface or the layer surface; the gradient is 0.2% -0.4%, and the height difference of 0.2-0.4m is shown on a road surface with the length of 100 m.
As mentioned above, the key problems encountered in reclamation of bare rock substrates or gravel layers of waste quarry mines are that due to the scarcity of soil resources and limited backfill depth, rain water cannot be deeply infiltrated into the soil, the water storage and retention capacity of the soil is poor, and the soil is prone to be lost. In limestone mine areas in northern China and hilly areas, underground water resources are deficient, precipitation resources are precious, the full utilization of the rainwater resources is very important, and the success or failure of land utilization after reclamation is related.
Based on the structure, the invention designs a profile base layer structure of the reclamation farmland of the abandoned quarry. The profile base layer structure of the reclaimed farmland of the abandoned quarry mainly refers to a non-overburden part at the bottom of a building profile during reclamation, namely a gravel drainage layer, a soil conservation layer and a rock waste water conservation layer which are built by gravels with different particle sizes abandoned by the quarry and other materials. The invention relates to a profile base layer structure of a reclamation farmland in a abandoned quarry and a construction method thereof.A residual sand gravel of the abandoned quarry is screened, and gravel backfilling, mechanical compaction and leveling are carried out on a quarry abandoned easy-to-cultivate bare rock platform which is evaluated through feasibility so as to form a drainage water storage layer; laying geotextile; paving fine gravel and gravel soil on the geotextile, and adding bentonite to form a water and fertilizer retention layer; then covering a certain thickness of foreign soil on the surface of the artificial wetland according to the requirement of the land reclamation standard. The method has the advantages of local materials, convenient construction, low cost and suitability for large-area popularization and application; is particularly suitable for the reclamation and land reclamation process of limestone waste quarry mines in mountainous and hilly areas of semiarid northern China.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present application more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. If the experimental conditions not specified in the examples are specified, they are generally according to the conventional conditions or according to the conditions recommended by the reagents company; reagents, consumables, and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1: construction of profile base layer structure of reclaimed farmland of abandoned quarry
In a certain abandoned quarry to be reclaimed into a cultivated land in a limestone mine area in the northern China hilly area, constructing a profile base structure of the reclaimed cultivated land of the abandoned quarry, and the concrete process is as follows:
(1) Compacting and leveling a foundation layer of the waste quarry by a road roller, wherein the ground fluctuation height difference is not more than 5cm, and the compaction degree is more than 90%; then, backfilling waste gravels with the diameter of 10-60mm in a quarry to construct a gravel drainage layer; the gravel drainage layer has a thickness of 20cm. The slope of the gravel drainage layer is 0.3 percent, the direction of a drainage ditch inside the reclaimed field block is inclined, the average height of the bottom of the drainage ditch is 10-15cm lower than that of the gravel drainage layer, so that partial rainfall resources can be accumulated, and drainage is facilitated.
(2) Laying a non-woven geotextile on the gravel drainage layer, wherein the specification of the non-woven geotextile is 200g/m 2 (ii) a The lapping width is more than or equal to 10cm, and a soil conservation layer is formed.
(3) Laying the rock glue balls and the calcium-based bentonite on the soil-retaining layer, and constructing a water-retaining layer, wherein the thickness of the water-retaining layer is 10cm; the particle size of the stone glue ball is 0.16-4.75mm; the particle size of the calcium bentonite is 0.5-1mm; the dosage of the calcium-based bentonite accounts for 1.5 percent of the volume of the stone night.
The section base layer structure of the reclaimed farmland of the abandoned quarry is built through the method, backfilled soil is placed on the water holding layer, and a soil holding layer with the thickness of 50cm is formed, wherein the schematic structural diagram of the soil holding layer is shown in figure 1.
Example 2: effect investigation of abandoned quarry reclamation farmland section base layer structure
The experimental device for simulating the soil column leaching test shown in fig. 2 is used for investigating the effect of the section basic structure of the reclamation farmland of the abandoned quarry, and the experimental device is specifically as follows:
1. the test method comprises the following steps:
the experimental device adopts a PVC pipe with the diameter of 30cm and the height of 90cm, the bottom of the PVC pipe is sealed, and a drenching solution collecting pipe is paved; the following treatment is designed:
treatment 1: and a 30cm gravel layer and a 50cm passenger soil layer are respectively filled in the PVC pipe from bottom to top.
And (3) treatment 2: the PVC pipe is filled with a 20cm gravel layer, a 10cm rock glue ball layer and a 50cm soil layer from bottom to top respectively.
And (3) treatment: and a 20cm gravel layer, a non-woven geotextile and a 50cm passenger soil layer are respectively filled in the PVC pipe from bottom to top.
And (4) treatment: the PVC pipe is filled with a 20cm gravel layer, calcium bentonite and a 50cm soil layer from bottom to top respectively, and the addition amount of the calcium bentonite is 1.5% of the volume of the 10cm stone layer.
And (4) treatment 5: the PVC pipe is filled with a gravel layer of 20cm, a non-woven geotextile, a rock glue ball layer of 10cm and a soil layer of 50cm from bottom to top respectively.
And (6) treatment: a 20cm gravel layer, a non-woven geotextile, a water holding layer and a 50cm passenger soil layer are respectively filled in the PVC pipe from bottom to top; the water holding layer consists of a 10cm stone layer and calcium bentonite; the addition amount of the calcium-based bentonite is 1.0 percent of the volume of a 10cm stone layer.
And (7) treatment: a 20cm gravel layer, a non-woven geotextile, a water holding layer and a 50cm passenger soil layer are respectively filled in the PVC pipe from bottom to top; the water holding layer consists of a 10cm stone layer and calcium bentonite; the addition amount of the calcium bentonite is 1.5 percent of the volume of the stone layer with the thickness of 10cm.
And (4) treatment 8: a 20cm gravel layer, a non-woven geotextile, a water holding layer and a 50cm passenger soil layer are respectively filled in the PVC pipe from bottom to top; the water holding layer consists of a 10cm stone layer and calcium bentonite; the addition amount of the calcium bentonite is 2.0 percent of the layer volume of 10cm stone.
In each treatment, the gravel layer is composed of gravel with diameter of 10-60mm, and different positions are providedThe average particle size of the gravel is not obviously different; in the stone waste layer, the average particle size of the stone waste is 0.16-4.75mm, and the average particle sizes of the stone waste treated differently are not obviously different; the specification of the non-woven geotextile is 200g/m 2 (ii) a The particle size of the related calcium bentonite is 0.5-1mm, and the average particle size of the calcium bentonite treated differently is not obviously different; the alien soil meets the requirement of the land reclamation quality control standard, and the alien soil for different treatments is taken from the same position, so that the soil composition has no obvious difference.
The column was first saturated with water until treatment 1 just started draining. The water was drained and left to equilibrate for 30 days to approximate natural conditions. Then 3g of urea is applied to the foreign soil layer, the dosage of 28 kg/mu of urea is approximately equal, and the urea is uniformly mixed with 15cm of surface soil. The simulated irrigation and rainfall test was carried out with tap water in an amount of 8.5L (corresponding to a 120mm irrigation depth). Collecting all discharged leaching solutions, counting the total amount of the leaching solutions treated, and analyzing nutrient loss (TN) and suspended matters (SS, mainly soil particles leached by an overburden layer).
Total Nitrogen (TN) in the leaching solution is obtained by alkaline potassium persulfate digestion ultraviolet spectrophotometry (HJ 636-2012).
The determination of suspended matter (SS) in the leaching solution adopts the gravimetric method for determining suspended matter in water (GB 11901-1989).
2. And (3) test results:
the test results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1: simulated soil column leaching test result
The detection results in table 1 show that after the structural section is designed by adopting the non-woven fabric, the stone glue ball layer and the bentonite, average water loss, loss TN and loss of soil particles are greatly reduced compared with the traditional construction mode, and the designed basic layer construction mode of the non-woven fabric, the stone glue ball layer and the bentonite plays an obvious role in supporting water and fertilizer, so that the water retention effect is good, and the nutrient leaching loss is less. In consideration of the economical use of bentonite and the difference between the effects, the bentonite is recommended to be added into the stone night layer by 1 percent to achieve good effects.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a profile basic structure of abandoned quarry reclamation arable land which characterized in that includes from bottom to top in proper order: a gravel drainage layer, a soil retention layer and a water retention layer;
the gravel drainage layer is composed of gravels with the diameter of 10-60mm, and the thickness of the gravel drainage layer is 20-30cm;
the soil-protecting layer is composed of non-woven geotextile;
the water holding layer consists of the stone glue ball and calcium-based bentonite, and the content of the calcium-based bentonite is 1-2% of the volume of the stone glue ball; the thickness of the water holding layer is 10-20cm.
2. The abandoned quarry reclamation farmland profile infrastructure of claim 1, wherein the gravel drainage layer has a slope of 0.2% -0.4% inclined to the reclamation field interior drain direction.
3. The abandoned quarry reclamation farmland cross-sectional infrastructure of claim 1, wherein the non-woven geotextile has a specification of 200g/m 2 (ii) a The overlapping width is greater than or equal to 10cm.
4. The abandoned quarry reclaimed land section infrastructure of claim 1, wherein the grain size of the rock fall is 2-10mm.
5. The profile infrastructure of the abandoned quarry reclamation farmland according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the calcium bentonite is 0.5-1mm.
6. The method for constructing a cut-away reclamation farmland infrastructure of a quarry as recited in any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
(1) Leveling a ground base layer of a waste quarry to be reclaimed into a cultivated land, cutting high and filling low, and then backfilling waste gravels of the quarry to construct a gravel drainage layer;
(2) Laying non-woven geotextile on the gravel drainage layer to form a soil protection layer;
(3) And paving the stone glue ball and the calcium bentonite on the soil conservation layer to construct a water conservation layer.
7. The construction method according to claim 6, wherein in the step (1), a road roller is adopted for compacting and leveling, the height difference of the ground is not more than 5cm, and the compaction degree is more than 90%.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein in step (2), the non-woven geotextile is laid with a lap width of 10cm or more.
9. Use of the cutaway infrastructure of waste quarry reclaimed land of any one of claims 1-5 for improving the capacity of waste quarry reclaimed land to regulate rainfall.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003339231A (en) * | 2002-05-28 | 2003-12-02 | Sumitomo Forestry Co Ltd | Planting base structure |
| CN103688617A (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2014-04-02 | 陕西地建土地工程技术研究院有限责任公司 | Method for renovating desolated rocky beach through alien earth |
| CN108118704A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-06-05 | 江苏澳洋生态园林股份有限公司 | Multiple green reparation structure of a kind of water storage water conservation massif and preparation method thereof |
| CN112211157A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-01-12 | 重庆市环境保护工程设计研究院有限公司 | Ecological restoration method for micro-topography of abandoned sand pit of riparian zone in high-altitude area |
| CN212589128U (en) * | 2020-04-26 | 2021-02-26 | 深圳市中装市政园林工程有限公司 | Ecological compound green structure in abandonment quarry |
-
2022
- 2022-10-20 CN CN202211286643.8A patent/CN115748649A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003339231A (en) * | 2002-05-28 | 2003-12-02 | Sumitomo Forestry Co Ltd | Planting base structure |
| CN103688617A (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2014-04-02 | 陕西地建土地工程技术研究院有限责任公司 | Method for renovating desolated rocky beach through alien earth |
| CN108118704A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-06-05 | 江苏澳洋生态园林股份有限公司 | Multiple green reparation structure of a kind of water storage water conservation massif and preparation method thereof |
| CN212589128U (en) * | 2020-04-26 | 2021-02-26 | 深圳市中装市政园林工程有限公司 | Ecological compound green structure in abandonment quarry |
| CN112211157A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-01-12 | 重庆市环境保护工程设计研究院有限公司 | Ecological restoration method for micro-topography of abandoned sand pit of riparian zone in high-altitude area |
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