CN115745648A - Method for preparing ceramsite by using household garbage incineration fly ash and electrolytic manganese slag and ceramsite - Google Patents
Method for preparing ceramsite by using household garbage incineration fly ash and electrolytic manganese slag and ceramsite Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
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- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- YAIQCYZCSGLAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si+4].[O-2].[Al+3] Chemical compound [Si+4].[O-2].[Al+3] YAIQCYZCSGLAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing ceramsite by using household garbage incineration fly ash and electrolytic manganese slag, which belongs to the field of ceramsite preparation and comprises the following steps of S1, raw material pretreatment: taking a certain amount of fly ash, carrying out water washing pretreatment, soaking and then airing; s2, grinding: grinding and crushing electrolytic manganese slag, fly ash and fly ash; s3, preparing materials: mixing a certain amount of electrolytic manganese slag, fly ash and fly ash according to a certain proportion, and fully stirring; s4, granulation: putting the material mixed in the step S3 into a granulator for granulation; s5, sintering: and (4) preheating the particles prepared and molded in the step (S4), and then feeding the particles into a muffle furnace for heating and roasting to obtain the molded ceramsite. The household garbage incineration fly ash and the electrolytic manganese slag are used as carriers to prepare the ceramsite, so that the cost of the ceramsite is reduced, and the heavy metals in the household garbage incineration fly ash and the electrolytic manganese slag can be solidified/stabilized, so that the aims of treating waste by waste and changing waste into valuable, saving energy and reducing emission are fulfilled, and the win-win aim of social environment and economy is fulfilled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ceramsite, and particularly relates to a method for preparing ceramsite by using household garbage incineration fly ash and electrolytic manganese slag and the ceramsite.
Background
The rapid development of social economy and the continuous improvement of the living standard of materials enable the quantity of municipal solid waste to continuously increase at the speed of 6.5% per year. The waste incineration disposal technology is the mainstream technology of domestic waste treatment, and the yield of the municipal solid waste incineration fly ash is also in a trend of obviously increasing. The fly ash from the incineration of the household garbage is rich in pollutants such as heavy metals with high concentration, refractory toxic substances (PCDD/Fs), soluble salts and the like, so that the fly ash is listed as dangerous waste by the nation and needs to be subjected to harmless treatment. Under the large background of non-waste city construction, the economic, safe and effective disposal of fly ash has become one of the urgent problems facing the protection of urban ecological environment.
The best disposal protocol for fly ash is immobilization/stabilization. The recovery of valuable metals from fly ash is too costly due to the complex components of fly ash. However, the normal temperature solidification/stabilization neglects the toxicity problem of dioxin in the fly ash, and the heat treatment method is high in treatment cost.
Meanwhile, as an important strategic resource in national economy, the electrolytic manganese metal industry is rapidly developed under the promotion of 200 series stainless steel, so that electrolytic manganese slag is generated in large quantity, contains a large amount of soluble manganese metal and ammonia nitrogen, and is easy to cause serious environmental problems such as wastewater, waste residues and the like, so that the electrolytic manganese metal is widely concerned.
At present, the solidification technology of the electrolytic manganese slag mainly focuses on normal temperature technology, such as mixing with other wastes, electric treatment, medicament stabilization and the like, and compared with normal temperature stabilization, the resource utilization is less. The resource utilization of the electrolytic manganese slag mainly focuses on the cement preparation, and the corresponding building materials are mainly prepared by applying a silicon source and sulfate components thereof in the electrolytic manganese slag, so that Mn and NH in the electrolytic manganese slag 3 + -N is stabilizedAnd (6) performing fixed processing.
At present, the treatment cost of waste such as fly ash, electrolytic manganese slag and the like is high, and resource waste is caused. The fly ash and the electrolytic manganese slag are mixed in the ceramsite manufacturing process, so that the harmful substances such as the electrolytic manganese slag and the fly ash powder can be treated at the same time, the resources can be recycled, the cost is saved, and the recycling of the resources is realized. Meanwhile, the heavy metals in the household garbage incineration fly ash and the electrolytic manganese slag can be solidified/stabilized, so that the aims of treating waste by waste and changing waste into valuable, saving energy and reducing emission are fulfilled, and the purpose of win-win social environment and economy is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Problems to be solved
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention prepares the ceramsite by adopting the household garbage incineration fly ash and the electrolytic manganese slag as carriers, thereby not only reducing the manufacturing cost of the ceramsite, but also solving the problem that the household garbage incineration fly ash and the electrolytic manganese slag are difficult to treat.
2. Technical scheme
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing ceramsite by using household garbage incineration fly ash and electrolytic manganese slag comprises the following steps
S1, raw material pretreatment: taking a certain amount of fly ash, carrying out water washing pretreatment, soaking for a period of time, and then airing;
s2, grinding: grinding and crushing electrolytic manganese slag, fly ash and fly ash to be proportioned;
s3, preparing materials: mixing a certain amount of electrolytic manganese slag, fly ash and fly ash according to a certain proportion, and fully stirring;
s4, granulation: putting the material mixed in the step S3 into a granulator for granulation;
s5, sintering: and (4) preheating the particles prepared and molded in the step (S4), and then feeding the particles into a muffle furnace for heating and roasting to obtain the molded ceramsite.
Preferably, in the step of water washing pretreatment, the soaking time is 10-60 min, and the solid-to-liquid ratio of the mixture of water and fly ash is 5.5-10.5 mg/L.
Preferably, in the step S2, the abrasive grain size is less than 100 mesh.
Preferably, in the step S3, the mixing ratio of the fly ash, the electrolytic manganese slag and the fly ash is 1-4: 6 to 12:4 to 13.
Preferably, in the step S3, the mixing ratio of the fly ash, the electrolytic manganese slag and the fly ash is 1:5:4.
preferably, in the step S5, the preheating temperature is 350-750 ℃.
Preferably, in the step S5, the preheating temperature is 650 ℃.
Preferably, in the step S5, the roasting temperature is 1000-1200 ℃, and the roasting time is 5-25 min.
Preferably, in the step S5, the roasting temperature is 1150 ℃ and the roasting time is 15min.
A ceramsite is prepared by adopting a method for preparing ceramsite from household garbage incineration fly ash and electrolytic manganese slag.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention uses the fly ash generated by burning the domestic garbage as the fly ash carrier to manufacture the ceramsite after being treated. The fly ash is rich in Al 2 O 3 、SiO 2 Or CaO and the like, has the advantages of porosity on the surface, large specific surface area, high dispersibility and the like, and is very suitable to be used as a ceramsite carrier. The ceramsite is cheaper in price and provides a channel for treating fly ash generated by waste incineration, so that the fly ash can be recycled.
(2) The mixture of the electrolytic manganese slag and the ceramsite in the manufacturing process can simultaneously treat the harmful substances, namely the electrolytic manganese slag and the fly ash powder, so that the ceramsite can be recycled voluntarily, the cost is saved, and the resource recycling is realized.
(3) The electrolytic manganese slag has a gelling property and has a chemical composition similar to sulphoaluminate cement, so that the fly ash heavy metal is cured and stabilized by using the electrolytic manganese slag to replace cement and a stabilizer in a synergistic manner, namely the incineration fly ash of the household garbage and the electrolytic manganese slag are cemented to form a solidified body, the manufactured ceramsite can cure/stabilize the incineration fly ash of the household garbage and the heavy metal of the electrolytic manganese slag, the purposes of 'treating waste by waste, changing waste into valuable' and saving energy and reducing emission are achieved, and the purpose of win-win social environment and economy is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of ceramsite preparation.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration exemplary embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. Although these exemplary embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention, it should be understood that other embodiments may be realized and that various changes to the invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The following more detailed description of the embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is presented for purposes of illustration only and not limitation to describe the features and characteristics of the invention, to set forth the best mode of carrying out the invention, and to sufficiently enable one skilled in the art to practice the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is to be limited only by the following claims.
To solve the above problems, the following description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings:
example 1
The fly ash has similar components with the electrolytic manganese slag, and the main component of the fly ash generated by burning the household garbage belongs to CaO-SiO 2 -Al 2 O-Fe 2 O 3 In the inorganic system, the main components of the fly ash in China are Si, al, fe, mg, ca, K, na and Cl. SiO 2 2 ，A1 2 O 3 ，CaO，Fe 2 O 3 ，Na 2 O and K 2 O is ubiquitous in fly ash, and thus has a chemical composition similar to that of solid waste such as fly ash used as a raw material for cement. The fly ash generated by burning the household garbage is fine in particles and is easy to react with other substances to generate a new phase, so that the pretreated fly ash can be used as an auxiliary cementing material to be used together with cement and the like. The fly ash contains a large amount of Si 2 、Al 2 O 3 And various minerals, and has the property of high specific surface area, and is suitable for the synergistic treatment of solid waste with similar composition.
The electrolytic manganese slag comprises the main chemical composition of SiO 2 、SO 3 、A1 2 O 3 CaO and Fe 2 O 3 Is CaO-Fe 2 O 3 -Al 2 O 3 -Si O 2 The inorganic system contains a large amount of silicon-aluminum structures and has certain gelling property.
Therefore, the silicon-aluminum components in the electrolytic manganese slag and the gelling property thereof can be utilized as resources to synergistically solidify/stabilize the heavy metals in the fly ash generated by burning the domestic garbage. Cementing the domestic garbage incineration fly ash and the electrolytic manganese slag to form a solidified body, and roasting the ceramsite.
The invention provides a method for preparing ceramsite from household garbage incineration fly ash and electrolytic manganese slag, which comprises the following steps:
s1, raw material pretreatment:
(1) Taking a certain amount of fly ash, carrying out water washing pretreatment, and soaking for 2-3 h. The chloride crystal salt in the fly ash powder is removed by dissolution, so that the influence of the chloride crystal salt on granulation is avoided, and the fly ash powder is dried after being washed by water.
a. Washing time: 10-60 min. In order to determine the optimal water washing time, under the same test conditions, the fly ash powder is selected to be washed for 10min, 20min, 30min, 40min, 50min and 60min, preferably for 50min, and the concentrations of K ions and Na ions in the solution in the washing water tank are detected. The test results are in the following table:
table 1: water washing time comparison table
As can be seen from the results shown in Table 1, the leaching concentration of each ion is increased with the increase of the washing time, and is kept substantially constant after 50min, so that the optimum washing time is 50min.
b. Solid-liquid ratio in the water-cement mixture: 5.5 to 10.5mg/L, preferably 8.5mg/L. Under the same test conditions, water-ash mixtures with solid-to-liquid ratios of 5.5mg/L, 6.5mg/L, 7.5mg/L, 8.5mg/L, 9.5mg/L and 10.5mg/L are respectively selected, and the concentrations of K ions and Na ions in the solution in the cleaning water tank are detected. The test results are in the following table:
table 2: water washing water ash solid-liquid ratio test comparison table
As shown in the results of Table 2, the solid-to-liquid ratio of the water-cement mixture was 8.5mg/L, the concentrations of K ions and Na ions were the highest, and the washing effect was the best. Excessive water is used, so that water voluntary is wasted, the production cost is increased, and the water washing effect is best when the solid-liquid ratio is 8.5mg/L during water washing.
S2, grinding
Grinding the electrolytic manganese slag, the fly ash and the fly ash to be proportioned, sieving by a 100-mesh sieve, and placing in a dryer for later use.
S3, preparing materials:
mixing the electrolytic manganese slag, the fly ash and the fly ash according to a certain proportion, and fully stirring.
(1) Determining the optimum proportion of fly ash
Mixing the electrolytic manganese slag and the fly ash by mass 1:1, adding the fly ash by mass of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% into the mixture respectively, and uniformly mixing to prepare the ceramsite. The results are shown in Table 3:
table 3: test result for determining optimum proportioning of fly ash
As can be seen from Table 3, the increased amount of fly ash reduces the particle strength of the ceramsite. Therefore, in order to ensure that the ceramsite has enough particle strength, the mixing amount of the water-washing fly ash is not too large, so that the mass ratio of the fly ash is determined to be 10%, and the ceramsite strength is highest.
(2) Determining the optimal ratio of electrolytic manganese slag to fly ash
On the basis of 10% of fly ash, adding 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60% of electrolytic manganese slag by mass ratio, and the balance being the mass of fly ash powder into fly ash and fly ash, mixing to prepare ceramsite, wherein the adopted firing process is unchanged (the same above), and the results are shown in table 4:
table 4: test result for determining optimal ratio of electrolytic manganese slag to fly ash
As can be seen from Table 4, as the amount of the electrolytic manganese slag is increased too much, the amount of the fly ash is relatively reduced, and the content of silicon and aluminum oxides in the ceramsite is reduced, so that the particle strength of the ceramsite is reduced. Therefore, when the proportion of the electrolytic manganese slag is determined to be 50% and the proportion of the fly ash is determined to be 40%, the strength of the ceramsite is the highest.
In conclusion, the optimal proportion of the fly ash, the electrolytic manganese slag and the fly ash is 1:5: and 4, the ceramsite has the highest sintering strength.
S4, granulation: and (4) putting the mixed material in the step (S3) into a granulator for granulation, wherein the granulation is that the water-cement ratio is 9:20.
s5, roasting: and (5) feeding the particles prepared and molded in the step (S4) into a heat preservation bin for preheating: the preheating temperature is 650 ℃, and the time is 8h. And after preheating, immediately feeding the mixture into a muffle furnace for heating roasting at a heating rate of about 10 ℃/min to 1150 ℃, firing for 15min, and naturally cooling to obtain the ceramsite.
In the firing process of the ceramsite, the preheating stage is mainly used for slowly volatilizing gas in the raw material balls so as to avoid the raw material balls from being cracked due to too fast temperature rise in the later-stage roasting process.
(1) Determining the optimal preheating temperature:
according to the washing fly ash: electrolytic manganese slag: fly ash =1:5:4, granulating, roasting, setting the preheating temperature to be five temperature conditions of 350 ℃, 450 ℃, 550 ℃, 650 ℃ and 750 ℃, and after firing the ceramsite, changing the strength of the ceramsite by the following steps of:
table 5: comparative test result of preheating temperature
As can be seen from Table 5, as the preheating temperature rises, the gas in the ceramsite ingredients slowly volatilizes, and in the high-temperature roasting process, the ingredients are prevented from cracking, so that the internal structure of the ceramsite is kept intact, the particle strength of the ceramsite is increased, and the peak value is 650 ℃, therefore, the preheating temperature is 650 ℃ and the ceramsite strength is highest.
(2) Determining the optimal roasting temperature:
according to the washing fly ash: electrolytic manganese slag: fly ash =1:5:4, granulating, roasting at 1000 ℃, 1050 ℃, 1100 ℃, 1150 ℃ and 1200 ℃, and changing the strength of the ceramsite in a table 6:
table 6: results of comparative test of firing temperature
As can be seen from Table 6, as the calcination temperature increases, the ceramsite material particles acquire energy migration aggregation and generate liquid phase to form aggregates, so that the blank gaps are rapidly reduced, the blank is densified, and the particle strength of the ceramsite is increased; as the roasting temperature rises to 1200 ℃, the liquid phase of the ceramsite increases, the ceramsite begins to deform, the internal structure is damaged, and the strength of the ceramsite particles is reduced sharply. Therefore, the roasting temperature is determined to be 1150 ℃, and the strength of the ceramsite is highest.
(3) Determining the optimal roasting time:
according to the washing fly ash: electrolytic manganese slag: fly ash =1:5:4, granulating, roasting for 5min, 10min, 15min, 20min and 25min, and after firing, changing the strength of the ceramsite to be shown in table 7:
table 7: results of comparative test of calcination time
As can be seen from table 6, the calcination time is too short, the silicon-aluminum oxide inside the ceramsite is not melted for a sufficient time to form a silicon-aluminum framework, the strength of the ceramsite is supported, the liquid phase inside the ceramsite ingredients is increased along with the extension of the calcination time, the ceramsite is densified, and the liquid phase formed on the surface of the ceramsite wraps the surface of the ceramsite, so that the strength of the ceramsite particles is increased; when the roasting time exceeds 20min, the liquid phase of the ceramsite continuously increases and flows out, and the internal structure is damaged, which is the main reason for reducing the strength of the ceramsite. Therefore, the calcination time was determined to be 15min.
And (3) detecting a ceramsite finished product:
and (3) taking 10 parts of fly ash, washing with water, drying in the air, respectively taking 50 parts of electrolytic manganese slag and 40 parts of fly ash, grinding, and mixing the three. Putting the mixture into a granulator, and mixing the mixture according to the water-cement ratio of 9:20, and granulating. And roasting the granulated particles at the roasting preheating temperature of 650 ℃, the roasting temperature of 1150 ℃ and the roasting time of 15min to obtain the ceramsite. Ceramsite was prepared according to the above method, and the fired ceramsite was subjected to heavy metal leaching toxicity assay according to the acetic acid buffer solution method for leaching toxicity of solid waste, and the results are shown in table 8:
table 8: ceramsite performance test detection result
The table 8 shows that the ceramsite prepared by the method of the invention has uniform and good treatment effect on heavy metals such as Zn, cu, cr, cd and Pb, and achieves the leaching toxicity identification standard of hazardous waste identification and the pollution control standard of domestic waste landfill.
The mixture with the electrolytic manganese slag in the ceramsite manufacturing process can simultaneously treat the harmful substances of the electrolytic manganese slag and the fly ash powder, so that the harmful substances can be recycled voluntarily, the cost is saved, and the resource recycling is realized. Meanwhile, the heavy metals in the household garbage incineration fly ash and the electrolytic manganese slag are solidified/stabilized, so that the aims of treating waste by waste and changing waste into valuable, saving energy and reducing emission are fulfilled, and the purpose of win-win social environment and economy is realized.
The present invention and its embodiments have been described above schematically, and the description is not intended to be limiting, and what is shown in the drawings is only one of the embodiments of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if the person skilled in the art receives the teaching, without departing from the spirit of the invention, the person skilled in the art shall not inventively design the similar structural modes and embodiments to the technical solution, but shall fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing ceramsite by using household garbage incineration fly ash and electrolytic manganese slag is characterized by comprising the following steps
S1, raw material pretreatment: taking a certain amount of fly ash, carrying out water washing pretreatment, soaking for a period of time, and then airing;
s2, grinding: grinding and crushing electrolytic manganese slag, fly ash and fly ash to be proportioned;
s3, preparing materials: mixing a certain amount of electrolytic manganese slag, fly ash and fly ash according to a certain proportion, and fully stirring;
s4, granulation: putting the material mixed in the step S3 into a granulator for granulation;
s5, sintering: and (4) preheating the particles prepared and molded in the step (S4), and then feeding the particles into a muffle furnace for heating and roasting to obtain the molded ceramsite.
2. The method for preparing ceramsite according to claim 1, wherein the soaking time in the pre-treatment step is 10-60 min, and the solid-to-liquid ratio of the mixture of water and fly ash is 5.5-10.5 mg/L.
3. The method for preparing ceramsite according to claim 1, wherein the size of the grinding particles in step S2 is less than 100 meshes.
4. The method for preparing ceramsite according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the mixing ratio of fly ash, electrolytic manganese slag and fly ash is 1-4: 6 to 12:4 to 13.
5. The method for preparing ceramsite according to claim 4, wherein in the step S3, the mixing ratio of fly ash, electrolytic manganese slag and fly ash is 1:5:4.
6. the method for preparing ceramsite according to claim 1, wherein the preheating temperature in step S5 is 350-750 ℃.
7. The method for preparing ceramsite according to claim 6, wherein the preheating temperature in step S5 is 650 ℃.
8. The method for preparing ceramsite according to claim 1, wherein the calcination temperature in step S5 is 1000-1200 ℃ and the calcination time is 5-25 min.
9. The method for preparing ceramsite according to claim 8, wherein the calcination temperature in step S5 is 1150 ℃ and the calcination time is 15min.
10. A ceramsite, characterized in that it is manufactured by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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