CN115744898B - Graphite separation and purification device and purification method - Google Patents
Graphite separation and purification device and purification method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115744898B CN115744898B CN202211446059.4A CN202211446059A CN115744898B CN 115744898 B CN115744898 B CN 115744898B CN 202211446059 A CN202211446059 A CN 202211446059A CN 115744898 B CN115744898 B CN 115744898B
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 236
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000017105 transposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013556 antirust agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011195 cermet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
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- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a graphite separation and purification device and a graphite separation and purification method, and belongs to the technical field of graphite purification. The first feeding port of the second furnace body of the graphite separation and purification device is communicated with the discharging port of the first furnace body, a plurality of material tanks are arranged in the second furnace body, first materials discharged by the first furnace body and second materials obtained through centrifugation are filled in the material tanks at intervals, a first inlet and two second inlets of a pouring hopper are arranged along the width direction of the material tanks, the first discharging port and the second discharging port are connected with the first inlet through a first material guide bin, blanking points of the first discharging port and the second discharging port respectively correspond to positions, close to two side walls, of the width direction of the material tanks, and a third discharging port and a fourth discharging port are respectively connected with the two second inlets in a one-to-one correspondence manner; and blanking points of the third discharge hole and the fourth discharge hole are positioned in the middle of the width direction of the trough. The graphite separation and purification device can be used for purifying graphite materials with coke as main impurities, and meanwhile, the energy consumption of a high-temperature purification method is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of graphite purification, in particular to a graphite separation and purification device and a graphite separation and purification method.
Background
Graphite is a strategic resource, plays an important role in national economy development and modern construction, is known as black gold, has different purity requirements because of different purposes, and has the characteristics of high strength, high density, high purity, high chemical stability, compact and uniform structure, high temperature resistance, high conductivity, good wear resistance, self lubrication, easy processing and the like, and is widely applied to the industrial fields of metallurgy, chemical industry, aerospace, electronics, machinery, nuclear energy and the like.
The high-purity graphite is mainly used as refractory materials in metallurgical industry, used as casting mould and rust-proof paint in foundry industry, used for producing carbon electrodes, electrode carbon rods, batteries and supported graphite emulsion in electric industry, used as television kinescope paint, and the prepared carbon product can be used in various aspects of generators, motors and the like, and used as lubricant for high-speed running machines such as airplanes, ships, trains and the like in mechanical industry; are used in the chemical industry for the manufacture of various corrosion resistant vessels and equipment; the high-purity graphite is used as a neutron reducer, a protective material and the like in an atomic reactor, can be used as a throat liner of a tail nozzle of a rocket engine, a heat-insulating and heat-resisting material of a rocket and a missile and a radio connection signal and conductive structural material on an artificial satellite in the aerospace industry, and is also used as a polishing agent and an antirust agent for glass and paper in the light industry to manufacture raw materials of pencils, ink, black paint ink and artificial diamond.
The existing graphite purification method mainly comprises a flotation method, an acid-base method, a hydrofluoric acid method, a chloridizing roasting method and a high-temperature method; the flotation method is mainly used for primary purification of graphite, and the acid-base method has the characteristics of low one-time investment, higher product grade, strong adaptability and the like, and also has the advantages of easy realization of equipment and strong universality, and the defects of high-temperature sintering, melting, large energy consumption, long reaction time, serious equipment corrosion, large graphite loss and serious wastewater pollution. The hydrofluoric acid method has the advantages of high impurity removal efficiency, high grade of the obtained product, small influence on the performance of the graphite product and low energy consumption. The defect is that hydrofluoric acid has extremely toxicity and strong corrosiveness, strict safety protection measures are required in the production process, the cost is increased due to strict equipment requirements, the generated wastewater has strong toxicity and corrosiveness, and the environmental protection investment cost is high. The chloridizing roasting method can greatly reduce the production cost of graphite at a relatively low roasting temperature and chlorine consumption compared with a high-temperature method, and meanwhile, the purification efficiency can be up to more than 98 percent, but the chloridizing roasting method has the defects of high tail gas treatment difficulty, serious equipment corrosion and relatively high chlorine cost, so that the application of the method is limited.
The high temperature purifying process is developed based on high temperature graphitizing technology, and has the features of high carbon content up to 99.995%, high power consumption and high cost. The high temperature furnace body used in the current high temperature purification method adopts a resistance furnace which is designed according to the principle that heat is generated by passing current of Joule-Lenz law through a conductor, but a heating resistance element is not required to be specially arranged, and a product filled in the furnace and a small amount of resistance material form a furnace core and are also used as the heating resistance element.
The coke materials, anthracite and the like can be converted into graphite to different degrees through high-temperature heat treatment at the temperature of 2500 ℃ or more, in actual production, part of coke is not completely converted into graphite in the graphitization process possibly because the coke materials are selected as raw materials, or coke byproducts are possibly introduced in the graphitization process because other carbonaceous materials are selected as raw materials, or the coke materials are selected as resistor materials to be mixed into graphite products in the graphite production process, the situation can cause the doping of the coke in the graphite to influence the purity of the graphite, therefore, the coke in the graphite is required to be reprocessed to achieve the aim of improving the purity of the graphite, and other impurities in the graphite can be eliminated under the high-temperature condition (2500 ℃) accordingly, the high-temperature purification is a preferred purification mode of the graphite products taking the coke as the main impurity, but the content of the coke as the impurity is far lower than that of the graphite, the equipment for the high-temperature purification method in the prior art is still a traditional resistor furnace, the equipment itself is only subjected to uniform temperature distribution of the resistor furnace, control of the feeding quantity and the like to influence the purity of the graphite, the coke in the prior art is required to realize the improvement of the traditional equipment in the aspect of doubling the quality of the corresponding control of the feeding quantity, and the electric energy distribution of the resistor furnace is doubled, and the cost is lower than the traditional equipment is required to achieve the purification of the purity, and the purity is lower than that the traditional equipment is lower is higher than the cost is higher if the cost is higher and is higher than the purification process is higher if the purification process is lower.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems in the prior art and provides a graphite separation and purification device.
The invention provides a graphite separation and purification device, which comprises a first furnace body, a second furnace body and a graphite separation and purification device, wherein the first furnace body is used for purifying a first material;
the second furnace body is used for purifying the second material; the second furnace body comprises a first feeding hole and a second feeding hole, the first feeding hole is communicated with the discharging hole of the first furnace body, and the second feeding hole is used for feeding a second material; a plurality of material tanks are arranged in the second furnace body, a separation barrier between two adjacent material tanks is made of heat conducting materials, and the material tanks are respectively used for filling second materials and first materials discharged by the first furnace body at intervals;
and the material pouring mechanism is used for adjusting the positions of the materials in the material tanks, so that the second material can be fully heat-exchanged with the first material in the adjacent material tank.
Preferably, the pouring mechanism comprises a pouring hopper and a power mechanism for driving the pouring hopper to move in each trough, and the pouring hopper at least comprises a first inlet, two second inlets, a first discharge port, a second discharge port, a third discharge port and a fourth discharge port; the first inlet and the two second inlets of the pouring hopper are arranged along the width direction of the trough, the total width of the first inlet and the two second inlets are matched with the width of the trough, the material in the trough is collected to each inlet, the first inlet is positioned in the middle of the two second inlets, the first discharge port and the second discharge port are connected with the first inlet through a first guide bin, the blanking points of the first discharge port and the second discharge port respectively correspond to the positions, close to the two side walls, of the trough in the width direction, and the third discharge port and the fourth discharge port are respectively connected with the two second inlets through two independent second guide bins in a one-to-one correspondence manner; the blanking points of the third discharge hole and the fourth discharge hole are all positioned in the middle of the width direction of the trough and between the first discharge hole and the second discharge hole.
Preferably, the front of each inlet of the pouring hopper and the tail of each discharge hole are also connected with vertical separation plates, and the separation plates are made of heat-conducting metal.
Preferably, the device further comprises a screening device and a centrifugal device, wherein the screening device is positioned above the centrifugal device and is used for providing materials with the same particle size for the centrifugal device, the first materials separated by the centrifugal device are conveyed to the first furnace body, and the second materials are conveyed to the second furnace body.
Preferably, the outside of the first furnace body is also provided with a preheating furnace, the outside of the preheating furnace is provided with an insulating layer and a heat insulation layer, a feed inlet of the preheating furnace is connected with a second material conveying mechanism, and a discharge outlet of the preheating furnace is connected with a second feed inlet of the second furnace body.
Preferably, the trough is an annular trough which is sequentially arranged from outside to inside, and each trough is also provided with a discharge opening.
Preferably, the power mechanism comprises a motor and a plurality of connecting rods, the motor is positioned above the second furnace body, an output shaft of the motor extends into the second furnace body to be connected with the connecting rods, and each connecting rod is connected with the pouring hopper respectively.
Preferably, the connecting rod is further connected with a first supporting rod and a second supporting rod through bearings, the ends, away from the connecting rod, of the first supporting rod and the second supporting rod are further connected with rolling wheels, the tops of two adjacent trough baffles are further provided with tracks, the rolling wheels are located in the tracks and can roll in the tracks, the first supporting rod is further provided with a first gear, the second supporting rod is provided with a second gear, two independent second guide bins are further provided with horizontal rotating shafts respectively, one ends of the two horizontal rotating shafts are located in the first guide bins, the other ends of the two horizontal rotating shafts penetrate out of the second guide bins and are connected with third gears, the two third gears are respectively in toothed chain transmission with the first gears and the second gears, and the parts of the horizontal rotating shafts located in the second guide bins and the ends of the first guide bins are further provided with pushing plates.
Preferably, the graphite to be purified is screened by screening equipment to obtain graphite materials with the same particle size;
the invention also provides a method for separating and purifying graphite by using the equipment, which comprises the following specific steps:
centrifuging graphite materials with the same particle size by using a centrifugal device, and collecting centrifugally separated graphite and centrifugally separated coke;
the coke obtained by separation is used as a first material to be conveyed into a first furnace body for high-temperature treatment;
conveying graphite obtained by separation as a second material into a preheating furnace outside the first furnace body; after the high-temperature treatment of the coke in the first furnace body is completed, conveying the high-temperature first material in the first furnace body into a trough of a second furnace body at intervals, conveying the second material in the preheating furnace into other troughs of the second furnace body, and filling the high-temperature first material and the graphite material in the preheating furnace into each trough of the second furnace body at intervals;
the material pouring mechanism intermittently operates to change the positions of the material at the center of each material groove and the material near the two side walls of the material groove until the purification is finished.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the graphite separation and purification device, firstly, materials with the same particle size after screening are primarily separated into graphite and coke through centrifugal equipment, a coke part serving as an important treatment object enters a first furnace body to be heated and then is converted into graphite, meanwhile, the centrifugally obtained graphite enters a preheating furnace outside the first furnace body to be preheated, after the first furnace body is discharged, high-temperature materials enter a second furnace body, the preheated graphite also enters the second furnace body, and a plurality of material tanks are arranged in the second furnace body, so that the high-temperature first materials and the preheated second materials of the first furnace body are respectively filled in adjacent material tanks at intervals; reheating the preheated second material by the high-temperature first material; the side wall of the trough can be made of high-temperature resistant metal with good heat conduction performance, so that the heat exchange of adjacent troughs can be facilitated; because the temperature of the part, close to the side wall, in the trough is high, and the coke impurities in the second material needing high-temperature treatment are less, the position adjustment treatment is carried out on the high-temperature first material and the preheated second material through the pouring hopper, so that the second material with relatively low middle temperature can be contacted with the side wall of the trough, the first material with high middle temperature is contacted, the impurities are effectively removed, the treatment efficiency is improved, and under the action of high temperature, the coke and other impurities in the second material can be eliminated under the action of high temperature, thereby realizing the purification purpose.
In the invention, the first furnace body is characterized in that the processed material is selected material mainly containing coke, the coke is converted into graphite after high-temperature treatment, and other impurities in the first furnace body are eliminated under the high-temperature effect; the coke content as impurities is relatively low by the prior centrifugal screening, so that the total amount of materials to be treated of the first furnace body is greatly reduced, the energy-saving purpose can be realized, meanwhile, the graphitization degree is relatively ideal because the furnace core materials are relatively low, the coke is completely converted into graphite, and the high-purity graphite is obtained.
The second material with less impurity content is preheated by utilizing the heat emitted by the first furnace body, the high-temperature heat energy of the first material is rapidly and effectively utilized after the first material is discharged, the purpose of rapidly eliminating few impurities in the second material is realized by continuously attaching the material to the high-temperature side wall of the trough, the purity of the second material is improved again, the second material treated by the second furnace body and the first material are mixed after being cooled to room temperature to obtain high-purity graphite, and the treated first material and the treated second material can be respectively collected according to requirements.
According to the material pushing plate, in the feeding process of the material pouring hopper, the materials in the first material guiding bin and the second material guiding bin can be driven to move towards the outlet direction, the feeding quantity is matched with the material pushing frequency, and the problems that the position exchange of the materials is affected due to the unsmooth discharging of the material pouring hopper, and the purification effect of the second material is further affected can be effectively avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a structure with a pouring mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the pouring hopper of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the discharge port of the pouring hopper of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an annular trough of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the pushing plate of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1. the furnace comprises a first furnace body, a second furnace body, 201, a first feeding hole, 202, a second feeding hole, 3, a trough, 4, a pouring mechanism, 41, a pouring hopper, 411, a first inlet, 412, a second inlet, 413, a first discharging hole, 414, a second discharging hole, 415, a third discharging hole, 416, a fourth discharging hole, 417, a first material guide bin, 418, a second material guide bin, 42, a power mechanism, 421, a motor, 422, a connecting rod, 423, a first supporting rod, 424, a second supporting rod, 425, a first gear, 426, a second gear, 427, a horizontal rotating shaft, 428, a third gear, 6, a preheating furnace, 7, an insulating layer, 8, an insulating layer, 9, a pushing plate, 10, rolling wheels and 11.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to fig. 1-6, but it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited by the specific embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the graphite separation and purification device provided in this embodiment includes a first furnace body 1 for purifying a first material;
the second furnace body 2 is used for purifying a second material; the second furnace body 2 comprises a first feeding hole 201 and a second feeding hole 202, the first feeding hole 201 is communicated with the discharging hole 101 of the first furnace body 1, and the second feeding hole 202 is used for feeding a second material; a plurality of material tanks 3 are arranged in the second furnace body 2, a separation barrier between two adjacent material tanks 3 is made of heat conduction materials, and the material tanks 3 are respectively used for filling second materials and first materials discharged by the first furnace body 1 at intervals;
and the material pouring mechanism 4 is used for adjusting the positions of the materials in the material tanks 3, so that the second material can be fully heat-exchanged with the first material in the adjacent material tank 3.
The first furnace body 1 in this embodiment is used as main high-temperature purification equipment, and is used for performing high-temperature treatment on a first material, then performing high-temperature treatment on a second material through the second furnace body 2, the heat source of the second furnace body 2 is the high-temperature material after the high-temperature treatment of the first furnace body, and the plurality of material tanks 3 in the second furnace body 2 are used for filling the high-temperature first material at intervals, and the high-temperature treatment on the second material is realized through heat exchange between the high-temperature first material and the second material; as the material is divided into a first material and a second material; the processing capacity of the first furnace body 1 is reduced, the power consumption is reduced, and as the materials in the first furnace body 1 are fewer, the main impurity coke is completely graphitized, and meanwhile, other silicate impurities in the first furnace body 1 are completely removed at high temperature, so that the high-purity graphite is obtained.
Secondly, the high-temperature material discharged from the first furnace body 1 is rich in huge heat energy, and in the embodiment, through the plurality of material tanks 3 which are sequentially designed in the second furnace body 2, the second material is fully contacted with the high-temperature first material under the action of the material pouring mechanism 4, so that the second material can quickly reach a high-temperature state, and the purpose of high-temperature purification of the second material is realized.
Example 2
Because the contact of the first material and the second material can reduce the temperature of the first material, the heat exchange efficiency and the heat utilization rate of the first material and the second material need to be improved to ensure the purification effect of the second material. In this embodiment, the two sides of the second material are the high temperature first material, and the closer the second material in the same trough 3 is to the two side walls, the more heat energy is absorbed, and a high temperature region is formed in the trough 3; the material in the middle of the trough 3 cannot be in direct contact with the high-temperature first materials on two sides, heat transfer is required to be carried out through the second materials on two sides, the efficiency is obviously low, the temperature cannot be ensured, and a low-temperature region is formed in the trough 3; meanwhile, after the materials at the two sides of the material tank 3 corresponding to the second material reach the impurity conversion or removal temperature, more heat is not needed, so that the materials in the material tank 3 need to be interfered, and the high-temperature heat energy of the first material is better and more fully utilized. Although the embodiment 1 can make the middle material have a chance to be overturned to the high temperature region by the conventional position adjustment manner, the method is not accurate and effective enough, the most efficient use of heat energy cannot be realized, and the purification effect of the second material in the trough 3 cannot be ensured.
Therefore, in order to ensure efficient heat exchange between the first material and the second material and ensure purification effect, the pouring mechanism 4 of the present embodiment includes a pouring hopper 41 and a power mechanism 42 for driving the pouring hopper 41 to move in each trough 3, and the position of the material in the trough 3 is adjusted by the movement of the pouring hopper 41 in the trough 3, so that the material in each part of the trough 3 can be contacted with the adjacent material, and faster and more efficient heat exchange can be realized; as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the pouring hopper 41 at least includes a first inlet 411, two second inlets 412, a first outlet 413, a second outlet 414, a third outlet 415, and a fourth outlet 416; the first inlet 411 and the two second inlets 412 of the hopper 41 are all arranged along the width direction of the trough 3, the total width is matched with the width of the trough 3, the hopper is used for collecting materials in the trough 3 to each inlet, the first inlet 411 is positioned in the middle of the two second inlets 412, the first discharge outlet 413 and the second discharge outlet 414 are all connected with the first inlet 411 through the first guide bin 417, the blanking points of the first discharge outlet 413 and the second discharge outlet 414 respectively correspond to the positions, close to the two side walls, of the trough 3 in the width direction, and the third discharge outlet 415 and the fourth discharge outlet 416 are respectively connected with the two second inlets 412 in a one-to-one correspondence manner through two independent second guide bins 418; the blanking points of the third discharging hole 415 and the fourth discharging hole 416 are located in the middle of the width direction of the trough 3, and are located between the first discharging hole 413 and the second discharging hole 414.
This embodiment can be with the material transposition of the intermediate region of the material in the silo 3 to the region of silo 3 both sides wall, will be in the material transposition of silo 3 both sides to silo 3 middle part simultaneously, through making the material at silo 3 middle part can carry out effective laminating contact with the high temperature lateral wall of silo 3 for the heat exchange of silo 3 both sides is more direct, through the high temperature material rapid heating and the purification of adjacent silo, carries out the material after the accurate change in position through the pouring hopper 41 of this embodiment, can realize the high-efficient utilization to heat.
To the silo 3 that holds the second material, realize switching the middle low temperature material to the high temperature region that is close to the first material of high temperature more through pouring hopper 41, to the silo 3 that holds first material, can switch the middle high temperature material to the both sides position that is close to the lateral wall, can carry out the direct laminating with low temperature material in the adjacent silo 3 like this, avoided indirect heat conduction to lead to the problem that heat transfer efficiency is low, and can realize the effective utilization ratio of heat on guaranteeing the complete purification basis of high temperature region material through intermittent type pouring. Alternatively, the pouring mechanism 4 may be rotated at a constant speed at a speed sufficient to give sufficient contact time between the fresh material and the hot side wall to complete the purification.
It should be noted that, the feeding hopper of the pouring hopper 41 in this embodiment is the same width as the material tank 3, and may be designed into an arc structure matched with the arc shape of the material tank 3, so that the materials in the material tank 3 all enter the pouring hopper 41 in the moving process of the pouring hopper 41, and the pouring mechanism in this embodiment adopts a high temperature resistant metal material or alloy material or cermet material.
As a more preferable mode, a vertical separation plate is also connected to the front of each inlet of the pouring hopper 41 and the tail of each discharge hole, and the separation plate is made of heat conducting metal. The function of the partition plate in front of the inlet is to pre-divide the material entering the corresponding inlet in advance. The division plate at the tail of the discharge hole is used for avoiding mixing, and the vertical division plate is additionally arranged at the front and the back of the discharge hole, so that accurate transposition of materials can be ensured, and the dumping hopper 41 can be finely divided based on the inventive concept of the embodiment, so that a better dumping design is realized.
Example 3
As a more preferable embodiment, the present embodiment further comprises a screening device and a centrifugal device, wherein the screening device is located above the centrifugal device, and is used for providing materials with the same particle size for the centrifugal device, the first material separated by the centrifugal device is conveyed to the first furnace body 1, the second material is conveyed to the second furnace body 2, and the graphite material to be purified is pre-screened before the high-temperature purification treatment is performed on the first furnace body 1 and the second furnace body 2; firstly, screening by screening equipment to obtain graphite materials with the same particle size or the same particle size range, then screening the screened materials with the same particle size by centrifugal equipment, and primarily separating coke and graphite in the graphite to be treated. And then delivering the coke obtained by screening to a first furnace body 1 for carrying out important treatment in a high-temperature purification mode, and further purifying the centrifugally screened graphite. The coke obtained by centrifugation is subjected to centralized treatment to be converted into graphite, and other substances in the coke are decomposed at high temperature, so that the aim of high-efficiency impurity removal and purification is fulfilled; meanwhile, the graphite material obtained by centrifugation can be very little in coke and other impurities, and the embodiment performs high-efficiency heat exchange between the part of graphite material and the coke graphitized material subjected to high-temperature treatment, realizes the effective utilization rate of heat in a material pouring mode, achieves the aim of high-efficiency purification together, and effectively saves the electric energy consumption of high-temperature purification.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 2, in this embodiment, on the basis of the foregoing embodiment, a preheating furnace 6 is further disposed outside the first furnace body 1, an insulation layer 7 and an insulation layer 8 are disposed outside the preheating furnace 6, a feed inlet of the preheating furnace 6 is connected with the second material conveying mechanism, and a discharge outlet of the preheating furnace 6 is connected with the second feed inlet of the second furnace body 2. By arranging the preheating furnace 6 outside the first furnace body 1, the preheating of the second material is realized, the purification effect of the second material in the second furnace body 2 is improved, and the heat dissipation of the first furnace body 1 is effectively utilized.
Of course, as a preferable mode, the outside of the second furnace body 2 is also provided with a heat preservation layer and a heat insulation layer so as to ensure the temperature in the second furnace body 2, and meanwhile, as a more preferable mode, the side wall of the trough 3 of the second furnace body 2 is a hollow heat conducting plate, heating resistors are uniformly distributed in the second furnace body, and other gaps are filled with heat conducting materials; for giving temperature compensation when the temperature of the first mass released by the first furnace 1 is insufficient to allow complete purification of the second mass.
Example 5
As shown in fig. 5, in this embodiment, on the basis of the foregoing embodiment, the material tanks 3 are annular material tanks that are sequentially arranged from outside to inside, and each material tank 3 is further provided with a discharge opening; as shown in fig. 2, the power mechanism 42 includes a motor 421 and a plurality of connection rods 422, the motor 421 is located above the second furnace body 2, a cooling system for cooling the motor 421 is further disposed outside the motor 421, an output shaft of the cooling system extends into the second furnace body 2 to be connected with the plurality of connection rods 422, and each connection rod 422 is connected with the pouring hopper 41. The pouring hoppers 41 in the different material tanks 3 can be connected with the output shaft of the motor 421 through different connecting rods 422; or can be connected simultaneously by the same connection rod 422.
Example 6
As shown in fig. 6, on the basis of the above embodiment 5, the connecting rod 422 of this embodiment is further connected with a first supporting rod 423 and a second supporting rod 424 through bearings, the ends of the first supporting rod 423 and the second supporting rod 424, which are far away from the connecting rod 422, are further connected with rolling wheels 10, the tops of the barriers of two adjacent material tanks 3 are further provided with rails 11, the rolling wheels 10 are located in the rails 11 and can roll in the rails 11, the first supporting rod 423 is further provided with a first gear 425, the second supporting rod 424 is provided with a second gear 426, two independent second guide tanks 418 are further provided with horizontal rotating shafts 427, one ends of the two horizontal rotating shafts 427 are located in the first guide tanks 417, the other ends of the two horizontal rotating shafts 427 penetrate out of the second guide tanks 418 and are connected with third gears 428, the two third gears 428 are further in toothed chain transmission with the first gears 425 and the second gears 426, and the ends of the horizontal rotating shafts 427 located in the second guide tanks 418 are further provided with pushing plates 9. When the motor 421 drives the connecting rod 422 to rotate, the rolling wheel 10 fixedly connected with the outer ends of the first supporting rod 423 and the second supporting rod 424 rolls in the track 11, a friction-increasing anti-skid structure can be designed at the contact position of the track 11 and the rolling wheel 10, the connecting rod 422 can enable the rolling wheel 10 to be in close contact with the track 11, two tracks 11 can be formed at the top of the side wall shared by two adjacent material tanks 3, the situation that the pouring hopper 41 in the material tanks 3 shares one connecting rod 422 can be realized, and the first supporting rod 423 and the second supporting rod 424 rotate along with the rotation of the rolling wheel 10, so that the first gear 425 and the second gear 426 sleeved on the first supporting rod 423 and the second supporting rod 424 also rotate along with the rotation of the rolling wheel 10; simultaneously, the first gear 425 and the second gear 426 drive the third gear 428 to rotate through the toothed chain; the third gear 428 drives the horizontal shaft 427 to rotate, so that the pushing plate 9 fixed on the horizontal shaft 427 rotates; the material in the first material guiding bin 417 and the second material guiding bin 418 is pushed in the moving process of the pouring hopper 41, so that the material in the material guiding bin is driven to move towards the discharge hole, and the problem that the normal position of the material is changed due to unsmooth discharge of graphite material is avoided.
Because the annular trough in the embodiment has an outer circumference larger than an inner circumference, the material feed amount near the outer side wall is larger than the material feed amount near the inner circumference; meanwhile, based on the fact that the outer circumference is larger than the inner circumference, when the connecting rod 422 rotates, the rotation speed of the rolling wheel 10 at the top of the side wall corresponding to the outer circumference is faster, so that the corresponding pushing plate 9 rotates more frequently, the rapid pushing of materials at the corresponding position is met, the matching that the feeding amount is large and the pushing frequency is high is realized, and the problem of unsmooth discharging caused by blockage of the materials in the guide bin is effectively avoided. As a preferred mode, the horizontal rotating shafts 427 in the first guide bin 417 and the second guide bin 418 can be designed in a front-back staggered manner, so that not only can the effective pushing of the two second guide bins 418 be performed, but also front-back two pushing effects can be formed in the first guide bin 417, so that a better pushing effect on the materials in the first guide bin 417 is realized, and the movement of the materials to the outlet direction is promoted.
The embodiment also provides a method for separating and purifying graphite by using the equipment, which comprises the following specific steps:
screening the graphite to be purified by screening equipment to obtain graphite materials with the same particle size;
centrifuging graphite materials with the same particle size by using a centrifugal device, and collecting centrifugally separated graphite and centrifugally separated coke;
the coke obtained by separation is used as a first material to be conveyed into a first furnace body 1 for high-temperature treatment;
conveying graphite obtained by separation as a second material into a preheating furnace 6 outside the first furnace body 1; after the high-temperature treatment of the coke in the first furnace body 1 is completed, conveying the high-temperature first material in the first furnace body 1 into the material groove 3 of the second furnace body 2 at intervals, conveying the second material in the preheating furnace 6 into other material grooves 3 of the second furnace body 2, and filling the high-temperature first material and the graphite material in the preheating furnace 6 into each material groove 3 of the second furnace body 2 at intervals;
the material pouring mechanism 4 intermittently operates to change the positions of the material at the center of each material groove 3 and the material near the two side walls of the material groove 3 until the purification is finished.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. A graphite separation and purification device, comprising:
a first furnace (1) for purifying a first material;
the second furnace body (2) is used for purifying the second material; the second furnace body (2) comprises a first feeding hole (201) and a second feeding hole (202), the first feeding hole (201) is communicated with the discharging hole (101) of the first furnace body (1), and the second feeding hole (202) is used for feeding a second material; a plurality of material tanks (3) are arranged in the second furnace body (2), a separation barrier between two adjacent material tanks (3) is made of heat conduction materials, and the material tanks (3) are respectively used for filling second materials and first materials discharged by the first furnace body (1) at intervals;
the material pouring mechanism (4) is used for adjusting the positions of the materials in the material tanks (3) so that the second material can fully exchange heat with the first material in the adjacent material tank (3);
the device comprises a first furnace body (1), a second furnace body (1) and a screening device, wherein the first furnace body is provided with a first furnace body (1) and a second furnace body (1), and the second furnace body is provided with a second furnace body (1) and a third furnace body (1) which is provided with a second furnace body; the outside of the first furnace body (1) is also provided with a preheating furnace (6), the outside of the preheating furnace (6) is provided with a heat preservation layer (7) and a heat insulation layer (8), a feed port of the preheating furnace (6) is connected with a second material conveying mechanism, and a discharge port of the preheating furnace (6) is connected with a second feed port (202) of the second furnace body (2);
firstly screening materials, separating the screened materials with the same particle size into graphite and coke through a centrifugal device for the first time, taking the coke part as an important treatment object, entering a first furnace body (1), heating, converting the coke part into graphite, and simultaneously, entering the graphite obtained through centrifugation into a preheating furnace (6) outside the first furnace body (1) for preheating.
2. The graphite separation and purification device according to claim 1, wherein the pouring mechanism (4) comprises a pouring hopper (41) and a power mechanism (42) for driving the pouring hopper (41) to move in each trough (3), and the pouring hopper (41) at least comprises a first inlet (411), two second inlets (412), a first discharge port (413), a second discharge port (414), a third discharge port (415) and a fourth discharge port (416); the first inlets (411) and the two second inlets (412) of the material pouring hopper (41) are arranged along the width direction of the material groove (3), the total width is matched with the width of the material groove (3) and used for collecting materials in the material groove (3) to each inlet, the first inlets (411) are positioned in the middle of the two second inlets (412), the first discharge outlets (413) and the second discharge outlets (414) are connected with the first inlets (411) through the first guide bin (417), the blanking points of the first discharge outlets (413) and the second discharge outlets (414) are respectively corresponding to the positions, close to the two side walls, of the material groove (3), and the third discharge outlets (415) and the fourth discharge outlets (416) are respectively connected with the two second inlets (412) in a one-to-one correspondence manner through the two independent second guide bins (418); the blanking points of the third discharging hole (415) and the fourth discharging hole (416) are located in the middle of the width direction of the trough (3), and are located between the first discharging hole (413) and the second discharging hole (414).
3. The graphite separation and purification device as recited in claim 2, wherein a vertical partition plate is further connected to the front of each inlet of the pouring hopper (41) and the rear of each discharge port, and the partition plate is made of a heat conductive metal.
4. The graphite separation and purification device according to claim 2, wherein the trough (3) is an annular trough sequentially arranged from outside to inside, and each trough (3) is also provided with a discharge opening.
5. The graphite separation and purification device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the power mechanism (42) comprises a motor (421) and a plurality of connecting rods (422), the motor (421) is located above the second furnace body (2), an output shaft of the motor extends into the second furnace body (2) to be connected with the plurality of connecting rods (422), and each connecting rod (422) is connected with the pouring hopper (41).
6. The graphite separation and purification device according to claim 5, wherein the connecting rod (422) is further connected with a first supporting rod (423) and a second supporting rod (424) through bearings, the ends of the first supporting rod (423) and the second supporting rod (424) far away from the connecting rod (422) are further fixedly connected with a rolling wheel (10), the tops of the separation baffles of two adjacent trough grooves (3) are further provided with a track (11), the rolling wheel (10) is located in the track (11) and can roll in the track (11), the first supporting rod (423) is further provided with a first gear (425), the second supporting rod (424) is further provided with a second gear (426), two independent second guide bins (418) are further provided with horizontal rotating shafts (427) respectively, one ends of the two horizontal rotating shafts (427) are located in the first guide bins (417), the other ends of the two horizontal rotating shafts (427) penetrate out of the second guide bins (418) and are connected with third gears (428), the two third gears (428) are respectively located in the first gear (425) and the second gear chains (426) and can roll in the track (11), the first guide bins (426) are further provided with a second guide plate (418), and the second guide bins (418) are located in the second guide bins (418) and are located in the first guide bin (418).
7. The method for separating and purifying graphite by using the graphite separating and purifying device as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
screening the graphite to be purified by screening equipment to obtain graphite materials with the same particle size;
centrifuging graphite materials with the same particle size by using a centrifugal device, and collecting centrifugally separated graphite and centrifugally separated coke;
the coke obtained by separation is used as a first material to be conveyed into a first furnace body (1) for high-temperature treatment;
conveying graphite obtained by separation as a second material into a preheating furnace (6) outside the first furnace body (1); after the high-temperature treatment of the coke in the first furnace body (1) is completed, conveying the high-temperature first material in the first furnace body (1) into the trough (3) of the second furnace body (2) at intervals, conveying the second material in the preheating furnace (6) into other troughs (3) of the second furnace body (2), and filling the high-temperature first material and the graphite material in the preheating furnace (6) into each trough (3) of the second furnace body (2) at intervals;
the material pouring mechanism (4) intermittently operates to change the positions of the material at the center of each trough (3) and the material close to the two side walls of the trough (3) until the purification is finished.
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| CN114604868A (en) * | 2022-04-07 | 2022-06-10 | 杨以柯 | Graphite purification furnace |
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| US4158744A (en) * | 1976-07-05 | 1979-06-19 | Elektroschmelzwerk Kempten Gmbh | Electrical resistance furnace for the production of silicon carbide |
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