CN115740472A - Powder surface modification equipment and modification method - Google Patents
Powder surface modification equipment and modification method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115740472A CN115740472A CN202211092722.5A CN202211092722A CN115740472A CN 115740472 A CN115740472 A CN 115740472A CN 202211092722 A CN202211092722 A CN 202211092722A CN 115740472 A CN115740472 A CN 115740472A
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 84
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Abstract
The invention discloses a powder surface modification device and a modification method, wherein the device comprises: an atomizing chamber 7, a base rod 10, a centrifugal atomizing device and a liquid flow circulating device, wherein the liquid flow circulating device comprises a liquid curtain 5 formed by a coating material. Heating a matrix bar 10 by a centrifugal atomization device to obtain a matrix liquid film, and then rotatably throwing out the matrix liquid film to form matrix powder 14; the matrix powder 14 passes through the liquid curtain 5, so that the coating material wraps the whole matrix powder 14, and the surface modification of the powder is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of new material science, in particular to powder surface modification equipment and a powder surface modification method.
Background
At present, the metal matrix composite material is taken as an important branch of new material science, great progress is made in the aspects of theoretical research and practical application, and the metal matrix composite material becomes the research focus in the field of new material science. The metal-based composite material comprises a particle-reinforced metal-based composite material which is a general name of a carbide, nitride, graphite and other particle-reinforced metals or a metal-based composite material of an alloy matrix, has the characteristics of high strength, high hardness, good toughness, good corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, oxidation resistance, heat conduction, electric conduction and chemical stability, and has a bright application prospect. The common preparation methods for the particle-reinforced metal matrix composite material include powder metallurgy, spray forming, chemical vapor deposition and the like.
The surface of the particle reinforced metal matrix composite powder needs to be modified after the preparation, the physical vapor deposition method has the characteristic of high purity of a coating material, and is widely used for the surface modification of the powder of the particle reinforced metal matrix composite powder, but because a vapor deposition source of the physical vapor deposition method has strong directionality, the coating material can be sprayed to the powder in one direction to coat the powder, and the coating of the powder in all directions cannot be realized; moreover, since the powder volume is small, the area of the sprayed coating material is often larger than the surface of the powder, so that a large amount of coating material is wasted.
Therefore, the existing powder surface modification method has the problems of poor effect, low efficiency and large consumption of coating materials when coating the metal matrix composite powder.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides powder surface modification equipment and a powder surface modification method, and aims to solve the problems of poor effect, low efficiency and high consumption of coating materials of the existing powder surface modification method for coating metal matrix composite powder.
In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide an atomization chamber 7, a base rod 10, a centrifugal atomization device, and a fluid circulation device; the liquid circulation device is positioned in the atomizing chamber 7; the bottom of the atomizing chamber 7 is provided with an opening; the centrifugal atomization device comprises a rotary driving element 8 and a melting heat source 11; the melting heat source 11 is arranged above the opening; the rotary drive element 8 is arranged below the opening; one end of the base bar stock 10 is connected with the rotary driving element 8, and the other end of the base bar stock passes through the opening and corresponds to the melting heat source 11; the liquid circulation device comprises a liquid curtain 5 formed by coating materials and arranged on one side of the opening.
As a preferred mode of the first aspect of the present invention, the liquid flow circulating apparatus comprises: a power element 1, an upper crucible 6 and a lower crucible 3; one end of the power element 1 is connected with the upper crucible 6, and the other end is connected with the lower crucible 3; the lower crucible 3 is positioned under the upper crucible 6; wherein the coating material in the upper crucible 3 flows into the lower crucible 6 to form the liquid curtain 5.
As a preferable mode of the first aspect of the present invention, the liquid flow circulation device further includes: and a secondary heating element 4 arranged at the upper part of the lower crucible 3.
As a preferred mode of the first aspect of the present invention, the centrifugal atomizing device further includes: and a constraining roller 9 arranged inside the opening to provide a radial constraining force to the base rod 10.
In a preferred aspect of the first aspect of the present invention, the centrifugal atomizing device includes: and a feeding unit 12 disposed below the rotary drive element 8 and connected to the rotary drive element 8.
As a preferable mode of the first aspect of the present invention, the apparatus further comprises: a vacuum unit 18 and an inert atmosphere unit 19, respectively connected to the atomization chamber 7.
In a preferred mode of the first aspect of the present invention, the coating material is a low saturated vapor pressure material.
In a preferred mode of the first aspect of the present invention, a W-shaped collection port is provided on a side of the opening of the atomization chamber 7.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a powder surface modification method, which is applied to the powder surface modification manufacturing apparatus described in any one of the first aspects, and includes: heating the end face of the base bar 10 by the melting heat source 11 to obtain a base liquid film; the matrix rod material 10 is rotated through the rotation driving element 8, and the matrix liquid film is driven to rotate, so that matrix powder 14 is obtained; the matrix powder 14 is wrapped by a coating material through the liquid curtain 5 to obtain coated powder 16.
In a preferred embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, the thickness of the coating layer of the coated powder 16 is increased in accordance with the increase in the width of the liquid curtain 5;
and/or decreases in response to an increase in the rotational speed of the rotary drive element 8;
and/or, decrease as the diameter of the base billet 10 increases;
and/or the smaller the relative position of the base rod material 10 and the liquid curtain 5 is, the smaller the thickness of the coating layer of the coating powder 16 is.
According to the powder surface modification equipment and the powder surface modification method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the end surface of the base rod 10 is heated and melted by the melting heat source 11 to obtain a base liquid film; the matrix liquid film is thrown out under the rotating centrifugal action of the rotating driving element 8 to form a liquid line 13, and the liquid line 13 is continuously crushed under the action of the surface tension to form matrix powder 14, so that the preparation of the powder is completed; and then the free fall passes through the liquid curtain 5 after the base powder 14 is thrown out, so that the base powder 14 is coated in all directions and angles to obtain the coated powder 16, namely the surface modification of the powder is realized.
In addition, the liquid circulation device recycles the coating materials, so that the coating materials can be recycled, and the loss of the coating materials is reduced.
Moreover, the invention can realize powder coating by only heating the coating material without evaporating and gasifying the coating material, thereby using the low saturated vapor pressure material as the coating material, and solving the technical problems that the coating material needs to be evaporated and gasified, the operation is complex, the evaporation and gasification temperature of the low saturated vapor pressure material (for example, nb, zr and the like) is high, and the powder modification is difficult to realize by the low saturated vapor pressure material in the prior art.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a powder surface modification apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a powder surface modification method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein, 1, a power element; 2. a pipeline; 3. a lower crucible; 4. a secondary heating element; 5. a liquid curtain; 6. an upper crucible; 7. an atomization chamber; 8. a rotary drive element; 9. a constraining roller; 10. a base bar stock; 11. a source of melting heat; 12. a feeding unit; 13. liquid line; 14. matrix powder; 15. a base powder cartridge; 16. coating the powder; 17. coating a powder cylinder; 18. a vacuum unit; 19. and an inert atmosphere unit.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a powder surface modification apparatus, and the manufacturing apparatus is placed vertically, and mainly includes: the device comprises an atomizing chamber 7, a base bar 10, a centrifugal atomizing device and a liquid flow circulating device; the liquid circulation device is positioned in the atomizing chamber 7;
the bottom of the atomizing chamber 7 is provided with an opening;
the centrifugal atomization device comprises a rotary driving element 8 and a melting heat source 11; the melting heat source 11 is arranged above the opening; the rotary drive element 8 is arranged below the opening;
one end of a base rod 10 is connected with the rotary driving element 8, and the other end of the base rod passes through the opening to correspond to the melting heat source 11;
the liquid circulation device comprises a liquid curtain 5 formed by coating materials and arranged on one side of the opening.
In the embodiment, the device mainly heats the base rod 10 through a melting heat source 11, so that the end surface of the base rod 10 is melted into liquid to form a base liquid film; the matrix liquid film is evenly thrown out from two sides of the matrix liquid film under the rotating centrifugal action of the rotating driving element 8, then the matrix liquid film is crushed to form a liquid line 13, the liquid line 13 is continuously crushed to form matrix powder 14 under the action of surface tension, and the preparation of the powder is completed; the matrix powder 14 freely falls through the liquid curtain 5 in the liquid circulation device, so that the coating material wraps the matrix powder 14 from all directions to be soaked and contacted with the whole body, the surface modification of the powder is realized, and the coated powder 16 is obtained.
Wherein, the matrix powder 14 is matrix spherical powder. The base bar 10 is a metal-based material; it should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, a specific material of the base rod 10 is not limited, and for example, the base rod 10 may be titanium, zirconium, aluminum, or the like; the embodiment of the invention is particularly suitable for particle reinforced metal composite base materials, such as: iron-nickel-molybdenum alloy and aluminum-magnesium alloy. The base rod 10 may be a cylindrical solid material, and the end surface of the base rod is circular, so as to ensure that the diameters of the base powder 14 collected at the equal positions on two sides of the base rod 10 are consistent. The embodiment of the present invention does not limit the kind of the coating material.
In practical application, one end of the base rod 10 is fixedly connected with the rotary driving element 8, and the other end of the base rod 10 penetrates into the atomizing chamber 7 from the opening, so that the base rod 10 is positioned below the melting heat source 11, and the melting heat source 11 is convenient for heating the end face of the base rod 10. The liquid circulation device is arranged at one side of the opening, so that the liquid curtain 5 is parallel to the base rod 10. For the purpose of heating the base billet 10 while rotating it, a melting heat source 11 is disposed above the opening so as to be aligned with the base billet 10.
It should be noted that the diameter of the base powder 14 can be determined by adjusting the rotation speed of the rotary drive element 8, and/or adjusting the relative position of the openings and the liquid curtain 5, and/or adjusting the diameter of the base rod 10.
For example, the size of the base powder 14 can be controlled by adjusting the rotational speed of the rotary drive element 8 without changing the relative position of the liquid circulation device and the rotary drive element 8.
Or, the size of the base powder 14 is controlled by adjusting the relative position of the liquid curtain 5 and the rotation driving element 8 under the condition that the rotation speed of the rotation driving element 8 is not changed.
Alternatively, the size of the matrix powder 14 can be controlled by adjusting the diameter of the matrix rod 10 without changing the rotational speed of the rotary drive element 8 and the relative position of the liquid curtain 5 and the opening.
For example, in the case that the diameter of the base rod 10 may be between 5 and 200mm and the rotation speed of the rotary drive element 8 may be between 1000 and 100000r/min, the particle size of the base powder 14 to be thrown out is between 10 and 2000 um. Where r/min is expressed in revolutions per minute, indicating the number of revolutions per minute of the device.
In an alternative embodiment provided herein, a liquid circulation device comprises: a power element 1, an upper crucible 6 and a lower crucible 3; one end of the power element 1 is connected with the upper crucible 6, and the other end is connected with the lower crucible 3; the lower crucible 3 is positioned under the upper crucible 6;
wherein the coating material in the upper crucible 3 flows into the lower crucible 6 to form a liquid curtain 5.
Specifically, the power element 1 is connected to the upper crucible 6 and the lower crucible 3 through the pipe 2, respectively. In practical application, the liquid coating material is lifted from the lower crucible 3 under the pressure of the power element 1 and filled into the upper crucible 6, and the liquid coating material in the upper crucible 6 falls into the lower crucible 3 under the action of gravity to form the liquid curtain 5.
Wherein, the width of the liquid curtain 5 can be determined by the outlet width of the upper crucible 6, and the inlet width of the lower crucible 3 is larger than or equal to the outlet width of the upper crucible 6. It should be emphasized that the apparatus of the present embodiment is provided in a vertical position, with the curtain 5 of cladding material flowing under gravity from the upper crucible 6 to the lower crucible 3.
In an alternative embodiment provided herein, the fluid circulation device further comprises: and a secondary heating element 4 arranged on the upper part of the lower crucible 3. Therefore, the secondary heating element 4 can carry out secondary heating on the liquid coating material after the liquid coating material falls into the lower crucible 3, thereby ensuring the superheat degree of the liquid coating material, reducing the energy loss of the liquid coating material in the circulating flow process and ensuring the fluidity of the coating material.
Furthermore, two liquid flow circulating devices are symmetrically arranged at positions with equal distance on two sides of the opening, so that more matrix powder 14 can be coated by the coating material in the liquid curtain 5.
Further, the upper crucible 6 and the lower crucible 3 are annular structures, and the openings are taken as centers to form annular liquid curtains.
Further, the thickness of the coating layer of the coated powder 16 can be adjusted by adjusting the width of the liquid curtain 5 in the liquid flow circulation device. Illustratively, the width of the liquid curtain 5 in the embodiment of the present invention ranges from 10 mm to 200mm. Thus, the thickness of the coating layer of the coated powder 16 is in the range of 5 to 500nm.
Further, the thickness of the powder coating layer can be secondarily adjusted by controlling the initial linear velocity of the base powder 14 when being thrown out, the diameter of the base rod 10, or the relative position of the base rod 10 and the liquid curtain 5.
In an alternative embodiment provided herein, the centrifugal atomization device further comprises: and the constraint roller 9 is arranged on the inner side of the opening to provide radial constraint force for the matrix bar 10. In practical application, restraint roller 9 sets up at the trompil inboard, contacts with base member bar 10, and then provides radial confining force for base member bar 10, prevents that base member bar 10 rotational speed from skidding too fast to and prevent that base member bar 10 radial load is too big, get rid of at high-speed rotatory in-process and take off.
In an alternative embodiment provided herein, the centrifugal atomization device further comprises: and a feeding unit 12 disposed below the rotation driving member 8 and connected to the rotation driving member 8. In practical application, since the end surface of the base rod 10 close to the melting heat source 11 is thrown out due to the melting to form a base liquid film, the length of the base rod 10 is reduced, and in order to facilitate better heating of the end surface of the base rod 10 close to the melting heat source 11, the feeding unit 12 is arranged below the rotary driving element 8 to continuously push the base rod 10 close to the melting heat source 11 for loss compensation, so as to ensure that the end surface of the base rod 10 close to the melting heat source 11 can be better heated and melted.
Further, the apparatus further comprises a matrix powder cylinder 15 disposed between the liquid curtain 5 and the opening for collecting the matrix powder 14 that does not pass through the liquid curtain 5. In practical applications, some of the base powder 14 is thrown out at a low initial speed and cannot pass through the liquid curtain 5, so that it can be collected by the base powder cylinder 15.
In an optional embodiment provided herein, the apparatus further comprises: and a coating powder cartridge 17 disposed in the atomizing chamber 7. Specifically, the coating powder cylinder 17 is disposed between the liquid curtain 5 and the inner wall of the atomizing chamber 7 for collecting the coating powder 16.
In an alternative embodiment provided by the present application, the side of the opening of the atomizing chamber 7 is a W-shaped collection port. In particular, the W-shaped collection port comprises two concave openings, arranged on the sides of the bottom opening of the atomising chamber 7, so that the liquid circulation means is between the two concave openings. Thus, the base powder cylinder 15 and the coating powder cylinder 17 are respectively provided at the recessed openings of the W-shape, and the coating powder 16 flows into the coating powder cylinder 17 by its own weight and the W-shape guide mechanism at the lower end of the atomizing chamber 7. The other part of the low-speed short-stroke base powder 14 flows into the base powder cylinder 15 under the action of self gravity and the W-shaped guide mechanism at the lower end of the atomizing chamber 7 because of the short flying distance.
Furthermore, the inclination range of the inclined plane at the W-shaped concave position is 15-90 degrees; in this way, good flowability of the powder can be ensured, and the base powder 14 and the coating powder 16 can be collected.
In an optional embodiment provided by the present application, the apparatus further comprises: a vacuum unit 18 and an inert atmosphere unit 19, respectively, connected to the atomizing chamber 7.
In practical application, the base material bar 10 has different metal materials and different technological requirements for the atomizing chamber 7, and air can be extracted from the atomizing chamber 7 through the vacuum unit 18 according to different metal materials, so that the vacuum degree of the atomizing chamber 7 meets the technological requirements.
The inert atmosphere unit 19 is used for filling inert gas into the atomizing chamber 7 to enable the atomizing chamber 7 to reach a certain pressure, so that the whole powder preparation and surface modification process flow is carried out under the protection of high-purity inert atmosphere, and the prepared high-activity matrix coated powder is low in impurity content and high in purity.
In an alternative embodiment provided herein, the cladding material is a low saturation vapor pressure material. In practical application, the embodiment of the invention can realize powder coating by only heating the coating material without evaporating and gasifying the coating material, so that the low-saturated vapor pressure material can be used as the coating material, and the technical problems that in the prior art, the coating material needs to be evaporated and gasified, the operation is complex, the evaporation and gasification temperature of the low-saturated vapor pressure material (such as Nb, zr and the like for example) is high, and the powder modification is difficult to realize by the low-saturated vapor pressure material are solved. It should be noted that, the embodiment of the present invention does not limit the low saturated vapor pressure material; illustratively, the low saturation vapor pressure material is one or more of Nb, zr, and the like.
On the basis of the structure disclosed in the above embodiment, the operation flow of the manufacturing method apparatus for powder surface modification will be described in detail below.
Before the work is started, the vacuum unit 18 and the inert atmosphere unit 19 are started, air is pumped into the atomizing chamber 7 to enable the atomizing chamber 7 to reach the vacuum degree required by the process, and inert gas is filled into the atomizing chamber 7 to a certain pressure, so that the high-purity environment in the production process is ensured.
After the atomization chamber 7 meets the process requirements, the liquid flow circulation device is started. Specifically, a liquid coating material is added into a lower crucible 6, a power element 1 is started, the coating material is conveyed into an upper crucible 3 through a pipeline 2, then the coating material falls into the lower crucible 6 from the upper crucible 3 to form a liquid curtain 5, and the power element 1 extracts the coating material in the lower crucible 6 and conveys the coating material into the upper crucible 3 for cyclic utilization; and meanwhile, the secondary heating element 4 is started to secondarily heat the coating material in the lower crucible 6, so that the superheat degree of the coating material is ensured, and the flowability of the coating material is ensured.
When the device starts to work, a base rod material 10 is fixedly connected with one end of a rotary driving element 8 and then penetrates into the atomizing chamber 7 from an opening, and the other end of the base rod material corresponds to a melting heat source 11; then, a melting heat source 11 heats the end face of the corresponding base bar 10 to obtain a base liquid film; the base rod material 10 is rotated through the rotation driving element 8, so that a base liquid film on the end face of the base rod material 10 is driven to rotate, the base liquid film is thrown out under the action of rotation centrifugation, base powder 14 is obtained, and powder preparation is completed; the matrix powder 14 is wrapped, soaked and contacted with the coating material through the liquid curtain 5 to obtain the coating powder 16, and the surface modification of the powder is completed.
Wherein, the constraint roller 9 arranged at the inner side of the open hole provides constraint force for the matrix bar 10.
In addition, during the rotation of the base rod 10 by the rotation driving member 8, the base rod 10 is pushed toward the melting heat source 11 by opening the feeding unit 12 while the base rod 10 is continuously melted to form a base liquid film.
It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the order of turning on the rotary drive element 8 and the melting heat source 11.
Referring to fig. 2, based on the same technical concept, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a powder surface modification, where the method is applied to a manufacturing apparatus for powder surface modification described in the above embodiment, and mainly includes the following steps:
201. heating the end face of the base bar 10 by a melting heat source 11 to obtain a base liquid film;
202. the matrix rod material 10 is rotated through the rotation driving element 8 to drive the matrix liquid film to rotate, and matrix powder 14 is obtained;
203. the matrix powder 14 is wrapped by a coating material through the liquid curtain 5 to obtain coated powder 16;
wherein the rotational speed of the rotational drive element 8 is between 1000 and 100000 rpm.
The particle size of the matrix powder 14 is related to the rotational speed of the rotary drive element 8 and the diameter of the matrix rod 10.
The particle size of the base powder 14 can be determined by the following formula:
wherein D is 50 The unit of the particle size of the matrix powder 14 is meter, namely m; n is the rotational speed of the rotary drive element 8 in r/min; σ is the liquid surface tension of the matrix bar 10 in units of torque, i.e., N/m; d is the diameter of the electrode bar, and the unit is m; ρ is the liquid density of the electrode material in kg/m 3 。
In an alternative embodiment provided by the present application, the thickness of the coating layer coating the powder 16 increases with the width of the liquid curtain 5;
or, decreases according to an increase in the rotational speed of the rotary drive element 8;
or, decrease as the diameter of the base billet 10 increases;
alternatively, the smaller the relative position of the base rod 10 and the liquid curtain 5, the smaller the thickness of the coating layer of the coating powder 16.
After the coated powder 16 passes through the liquid curtain 5, the coated powder continues to fall freely, and finally the coated powder 16 flows into a coated powder cylinder 17 under the action of the gravity of the atomizing chamber 7 and the action of the W-shaped annular guide groove at the bottom of the atomizing chamber 7; the base powder 14 flows directly into the base powder cylinder 15.
Before step 201, the following steps are also included:
10. starting a vacuum unit 18 to vacuumize the atomizing chamber 7; when the vacuum degree of the atomizing chamber 7 meets the process requirement, the vacuum unit 18 is closed;
20. opening the inert atmosphere unit 19, filling the inert gas into the atomizing chamber 7 to a certain pressure, and then closing the inert atmosphere unit 19; the whole powder preparation and the surface modification process flow are carried out under the protection of high-purity inert atmosphere, so that the prepared high-activity matrix coated powder has low impurity content and high purity. Thus, in step 203, the base powder 14 is cooled to form a solid spherical powder in an inert atmosphere.
It should be noted that the manufacturing apparatus provided by the present invention further includes a controller, which is respectively connected to the liquid circulation device, the centrifugal atomization device, the vacuum unit 18 and the inert atmosphere unit 19, and is used for controlling the above devices and units to perform the above steps.
Example 1
In order to more clearly describe the manufacturing method for modifying the surface of the powder provided by the embodiment of the invention, the base bar material 10 is an iron-nickel-molybdenum alloy with the diameter of 50mm, and the coating material is SiO 2 For example, the method is further described, and mainly comprises the following steps:
301. starting a vacuum system 18 to vacuumize the atomizing chamber 7 until the limit vacuum degree of the atomizing chamber 7 reaches 5 multiplied by 10 - 3 Pa and then the vacuum unit 18 is turned off;
302. opening the inert atmosphere unit 19 to fill high-purity argon into the atomizing chamber 7 until the positive pressure is 0.04-0.06 MPa, and then closing the inert atmosphere unit 19;
303. after the inert atmosphere unit 19 is closed, the base rod 10 is connected with the high-speed rotation driving element 8, and the high-speed rotation element 8 drives the base rod 10 to rotate at the rotating speed of 10000 r/min;
304. starting a melting heat source 11, melting the end face of the base rod 10 into a base liquid film under the action of a high-temperature heat source, throwing out the base liquid film under the action of high-speed centrifugal force to form a liquid line 13, crushing and cooling the liquid line 13 to form base powder 14 under the inert atmosphere environment, wherein the particle size of the base powder 14 is between 10 and 200 micrometers;
305. the matrix powder 14 passes through the liquid curtain 5 and fully contacts with the liquid coating material to obtain coating powder 16; wherein, the liquid flow circulating device forms an annular liquid curtain 5 inside the atomizing chamber 7, and the width of the liquid curtain 5 is 50mm;
306. after the coated powder 16 passes through the liquid curtain 5, the coated powder continues to freely fall to form solid coated powder, and finally the coated powder 16 flows into a coated powder cylinder 17 under the action of the gravity of the atomizing chamber 7 and the W-shaped annular guide groove at the bottom of the atomizing chamber 7; the base powder 14 flows into the base powder cylinder 15;
wherein, the thickness of the coating layer of the coating powder 16 is between 10 nm and 20 nm.
Example 2
Taking the example that the base bar 10 is an aluminum alloy with the diameter of 70mm and the cladding material is chromium, the method is further described and mainly comprises the following steps:
401. starting a vacuum system 18 to vacuumize the atomizing chamber 7 until the limit vacuum degree of the atomizing chamber 7 reaches 5 multiplied by 10 - 3 Pa and then the vacuum unit 18 is turned off;
402. opening the inert atmosphere unit 19 to fill high-purity argon into the atomizing chamber 7 until the positive pressure is 0.04-0.06 MPa, and then closing the inert atmosphere unit 19;
403. after the inert atmosphere unit 19 is closed, the base rod material is connected with the rotary driving element 8, and the high-speed rotary element 8 drives the base rod material 10 to rotate at the rotating speed of 18000 r/min;
404. starting a high-temperature heat source 11, melting the end face of the base rod 10 into a base liquid film under the action of the high-temperature heat source, throwing the base liquid film out under the action of high-speed centrifugal force to form a liquid line 13, and crushing and cooling the liquid line 13 to form base powder 14 under the inert atmosphere environment, wherein the particle size of the base powder 14 is 20-150 microns.
405. The matrix powder 14 passes through the liquid curtain 5 and fully contacts with the liquid coating material to obtain coating powder 16; wherein, the liquid flow circulating device forms a liquid curtain 5 inside the atomizing chamber 7, and the width of the liquid curtain 5 is 100mm.
406. After the coated powder 16 passes through the liquid curtain 5, the coated powder continues to fall freely, and finally the coated powder 16 flows into a coated powder cylinder 17 under the action of the gravity of the atomizing chamber 7 and the action of the W-shaped annular guide groove at the bottom of the atomizing chamber 7; the base powder 14 flows into the base powder cylinder 15;
wherein, the thickness of the coating layer of the coating powder 16 is between 30 nm and 50 nm.
In conclusion, the end face of the matrix bar 10 is heated and melted by the melting heat source 11 to obtain the matrix liquid film; the matrix liquid film is thrown out under the rotating centrifugal action of the rotating driving element 8 to form a liquid line 13, and the liquid line 13 is continuously crushed under the action of the surface tension to form matrix powder 14, so that the preparation of the powder is completed; and then the free fall passes through the liquid curtain 5 after the base powder 14 is thrown out, so that the base powder 14 is coated in all directions and angles to obtain the coated powder 16, and the surface modification of the powder is realized.
In addition, the liquid circulation device recycles the coating materials, so that the coating materials can be recycled, and the loss of the coating materials is reduced.
Moreover, the invention can realize powder coating by only heating the coating material without evaporating and gasifying the coating material, so that the low saturated vapor pressure material can be used as the coating material to realize powder coating, and solves the technical problems that the coating material needs to be evaporated and gasified, the operation is complex, the evaporation and gasification temperature of the low saturated vapor pressure material (such as Nb, zr and the like for example) is high, and the powder modification is difficult to realize by the low saturated vapor pressure material in the prior art.
Furthermore, the present invention can determine the particle size of the base powder 14 by the rotational speed of the rotary drive element 8 and the diameter of the base rod 10.
The thickness of the coating layer of the coated powder 16 can be determined by the rotational speed of the rotary drive element 8 and/or by adjusting the relative position of the openings and the liquid curtain 5 and/or by adjusting the diameter of the base rod 10 and/or the width of the liquid curtain 5.
Moreover, the powder surface modification manufacturing equipment provided by the embodiment of the invention can also prepare the particle-reinforced metal matrix composite powder, namely the matrix powder 14, namely, the preparation of the metal matrix composite powder and the coating of the metal matrix composite powder can be completed in the same device, and the powder surface modification manufacturing equipment has the advantages of short process flow and high production efficiency.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, or the directions or positional relationships which are usually placed when the product of the present invention is used, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed in a specific direction and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the embodiments of the present disclosure, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In the above embodiments of the present invention, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and for parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference may be made to related descriptions of other embodiments.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A powder surface modification apparatus, comprising: the device comprises an atomizing chamber 7, a base bar 10, a centrifugal atomizing device and a liquid flow circulating device; the liquid circulation device is positioned in the atomizing chamber 7;
the bottom of the atomizing chamber 7 is provided with an opening;
the centrifugal atomization device comprises a rotary driving element 8 and a melting heat source 11; the melting heat source 11 is arranged above the opening; the rotary drive element 8 is arranged below the opening;
one end of the base bar stock 10 is connected with the rotary driving element 8, and the other end of the base bar stock passes through the opening and corresponds to the melting heat source 11;
the liquid circulation device comprises a liquid curtain 5 formed by coating materials and arranged on one side of the opening.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the fluid circulation means comprises: a power element 1, an upper crucible 6 and a lower crucible 3; one end of the power element 1 is connected with the upper crucible 6, and the other end is connected with the lower crucible 3; the lower crucible 3 is positioned under the upper crucible 6;
wherein the coating material in the upper crucible 3 flows into the lower crucible 6 to form the liquid curtain 5.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein said fluid circulation means further comprises: and a secondary heating element 4 arranged at the upper part of the lower crucible 3.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the centrifugal atomizing device further comprises: and a constraining roller 9 arranged inside the opening to provide a radial constraining force to the base rod 10.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the centrifugal atomizing device comprises: and a feeding unit 12 disposed below the rotary drive member 8 and connected to the rotary drive member 8.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a vacuum unit 18 and an inert atmosphere unit 19, respectively connected to the atomization chamber 7.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the cladding material is a low saturated vapor pressure material.
8. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the sides of the aperture of the nebulization chamber 7 are provided with W-shaped collection openings.
9. A powder surface modification method applied to the powder surface modification manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising:
heating the end face of the base bar 10 by the melting heat source 11 to obtain a base liquid film; the matrix rod material 10 is rotated through the rotation driving element 8, and the matrix liquid film is driven to rotate, so that matrix powder 14 is obtained; the matrix powder 14 is wrapped by a coating material through the liquid curtain 5 to obtain coated powder 16.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the coating layer thickness of the coated powder 16 is increased according to the increase of the width of the liquid curtain 5;
and/or decreases in response to an increase in the rotational speed of the rotary drive element 8;
and/or, decrease as the diameter of the base billet 10 increases;
and/or the smaller the relative position of the base bar material 10 and the liquid curtain 5 is, the smaller the thickness of the coating layer of the coating powder 16 is.
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