CN115738161A - Method for degrading toxic and harmful substances in fire residues - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of degradation of toxic and harmful substances, and discloses a method for degrading toxic and harmful substances in fire residues, which includes the following steps: S1: collecting toxic substances, collecting solid waste generated after a fire in a substation, and collecting Good solid waste is put into the integrated solid waste processor, waiting for unified treatment, and at the same time, the water polluted by mineral oil is collected and put into the integrated water pollution processor. The invention can not only break the macromolecules in the degraded solid waste, produce small molecular gas, tar and residue, realize the harmlessness, reduction and resource utilization of solid waste, and thus recycle the solid waste, Recycling energy and resources saves energy, and enables water and air to be reused, improves the environment and reduces pollution, and can quickly and effectively degrade solid waste, improving the degradation efficiency of solid waste.

Description

A method for degrading toxic and harmful substances in fire residues

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of degradation of toxic and harmful substances, in particular to a method for degrading toxic and harmful substances of fire residues.

Background technique

A substation is an assembly of some equipment to cut off or connect, change or adjust the voltage. In the power system, the substation is the assembly point of power transmission and distribution. The substation is mainly divided into: step-up substation, main network substation, secondary Substations, distribution substations, because the substation is a high-voltage place, if you are not careful in the substation, it will cause a fire. After the flame burns the substation, a large amount of toxic and harmful substances will be produced.

After a substation fire, if the toxic and harmful substances are not degraded in time, it will have a very large impact on the environment, but the existing degradation methods are not comprehensive, and cannot fully degrade the toxic and harmful substances left after the substation fire. Therefore, a method for the degradation of toxic and harmful substances in fire residues is proposed.

Contents of the invention

(1) Solved technical problems

Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for degrading toxic and harmful substances in fire residues, mainly to solve the problem that the existing existing degradation methods are not fully degraded, and the toxic and harmful substances left after substation fires cannot be degraded. A full range of degradation problems.

(2) Technical solution

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

1. A fire residue poisonous and harmful substance degradation method is characterized in that, its method comprises the following steps:

S1: Obtain solid waste generated after a fire;

S2: Dehydrating and crushing the solid waste to obtain waste water separated from the fixed waste;

S3: using a redox agent to carry out redox reactions on toxic and harmful substances in the solid waste to degrade the solid waste;

S4: Use a neutralizer to neutralize the pH value of the degraded solid waste, and use a pyrolysis gasifier to pyrolyze and gasify the solid waste;

S5: Use oxidation-reduction agents to perform oxidation-reduction reactions on toxic and harmful substances in wastewater, and then add adsorbents, precipitants and flocculants in sequence to filter wastewater;

S6: Using a neutralizer to neutralize the pH of the filtered wastewater;

S7: Spray redox agents, adsorbents, precipitants, flocculants and neutralizers over the fire site until the atmospheric environment returns to normal standards;

S8: Clean up the place where the fire occurred.

Further, in the step S2, the dehydration time is 20-30 minutes, the crushing time is 10-15 minutes, and the crushing rotation rate is 500-800 r/min.

Further, the material for making the adsorbent in S5 includes at least one of the following: activated carbon, silica gel, alumina, clay, bentonite and zeolite.

Further, the manufacturing material of the neutralizer includes at least one of the following: sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and calcium oxide.

Further, the materials for making the redox agent include at least one of the following: hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, sodium hypochlorite, sodium pyrosulfite, sodium bisulfite, and ferrous sulfate.

Further, the material for making the flocculant includes at least one of the following: polyacrylamide, ferric chloride, polyaluminum chloride, and polyferric sulfate.

Further, the preparation material of the precipitant includes at least one of the following: sodium sulfide, and the preparation material of the curing agent in S4 includes ethylenediamine, phenol, formaldehyde and mancini.

Further, the pyrolysis and gasification in the step S4 refers to a process in which the macromolecules of the organic components in the solid waste are broken to produce small molecule gas, tar and residue under the condition of no oxygen or oxygen deficiency.

(3) Beneficial effects

Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a method for degrading toxic and harmful substances in fire residues, which has the following beneficial effects:

1. The present invention performs pyrolysis and gasification treatment on the degraded solid waste to break the macromolecules in the degraded solid waste to produce small molecular gas, tar and residue, so as to realize the harmlessness and weight reduction of solid waste It can recycle solid waste, recycle energy and resources, and save energy.

2. The present invention can completely degrade the pollutants in the water body and the atmosphere by performing a series of treatments of adsorption, redox, precipitation, solidification and neutralization on the liquid and the atmosphere, and at the same time neutralize the pH value in the water body and the atmosphere, The water body and the atmosphere can be used normally, and the water body and the atmosphere can be used for secondary use, which improves the environment and reduces pollution.

3. The present invention uses activated carbon and bentonite to make adsorbents. Activated carbon can quickly adsorb pollutants and odors in water and the atmosphere. At the same time, bentonite has a certain adsorption capacity for various gases, liquids, and organic substances. The maximum adsorption capacity is It can be up to 5 times its own weight. With the cooperation of the two, the adsorbent can quickly adsorb the purified water and the substances in the atmosphere, and the adsorption effect of the adsorbent is improved.

4. The present invention facilitates the uniform treatment of solid waste through a series of treatments of collecting, dehydrating and crushing solid waste, and can better redox and neutralize solid waste, and can quickly and effectively treat solid waste Degradation is carried out, and the degradation efficiency of solid waste is improved.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for degrading toxic and harmful substances in fire residues proposed by the present invention.

Detailed ways

The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

Referring to Fig. 1, a method for degrading toxic and harmful substances of fire residues comprises the following steps:

S1: Toxic substance collection, collect the solid waste generated after the fire in the substation, and put the collected solid waste into the solid waste integrated processor, waiting for unified treatment, and at the same time carry out the water polluted by mineral oil Collect and put into the integrated water pollution processor;

S2: Solid waste treatment, use the dehydration mechanism and crushing mechanism in the solid waste integrated processor to dehydrate and crush the collected solid waste, and transport the wastewater separated from the solid waste into the water pollution integrated processor , the present invention facilitates the uniform treatment of solid waste through a series of treatments of collecting, dehydrating and crushing solid waste, and can better redox and neutralize solid waste, and can quickly and effectively treat solid waste Degradation, improving the degradation efficiency of solid waste;

S3: Prepare the medicine, use the medicine dissolving device to dissolve the adsorbent, neutralizing agent, flocculant, redox agent and precipitant in sequence, and pack the above dissolved medicine for standby;

S4: Degradation of solid waste, adding the dissolved redox agent to the dosing device, using the dosing device to evenly add the redox agent to the solid waste integrated processor, and redox the toxic and harmful substances in the solid waste React to make the solid waste start to degrade, then use the doser to evenly add the dissolved neutralizer to the solid waste integrated processor, neutralize the pH value of the degraded solid waste, and finally use pyrolysis gasification The furnace performs pyrolysis and gasification on the solid waste, so that the solid waste can be used for secondary use. The present invention performs pyrolysis and gasification treatment on the degraded solid waste, so that the macromolecules in the degraded solid waste are broken to produce small molecules Gas, tar and residue, realize the harmlessness, reduction and recycling of solid waste, so as to recycle solid waste, recover energy and resources, and save energy;

S5: Liquid degradation, use a dosing device to evenly add redox agents to the integrated water pollution processor, perform oxidation-reduction reactions on toxic and harmful substances in the liquid, and then use a dosing device to uniformly add redox agents to the integrated water pollution processor The adsorbent is added, and the substances produced after the liquid degradation are adsorbed, and then the precipitant is evenly added to the integrated water pollution processor using the dosing device, so that the adsorbed substances in the liquid are rapidly precipitated, and then the dosing device is used to evenly Add flocculants to the water pollution integrated processor to condense the precipitated substances, then filter the liquid, filter out the condensed objects, and decompose them, and finally use the dosing device to uniformly pour the water into the whole Neutralizing agent is added to the chemical processor to neutralize the pH value of the liquid so that the liquid can be used again;

S6: Gas degradation, inform all staff to stay in the building and not come out, then add the dissolved adsorbent, neutralizer, flocculant, redox agent, and precipitant in S4 to five different sprayers, and then use Helicopters carry sprinklers to spray redox agents, adsorbents, precipitants, flocculants and neutralizers in sequence over the substation to degrade and neutralize the atmosphere above the substation, thereby restoring the atmospheric environment around the substation to normal standards. The invention can completely degrade the pollutants in the water body and the atmosphere through a series of treatments of adsorption, redox, precipitation, coagulation and neutralization on the liquid and the atmosphere, and at the same time neutralize the pH value of the water body and the atmosphere, making the water body and the atmosphere The atmosphere can be used normally, so that the water body and the atmosphere can be used twice, which improves the environment and reduces pollution;

S7: At the end of the finishing touch, after the degradation of the toxic and harmful substances contained in the solid waste, liquid and gas in the substation is completed, all the ground and buildings of the substation are cleaned uniformly, and the residual substances after the degradation of toxic substances are collected and collected. clean up.

In the present invention, the time of dehydration in S2 is 20min, the time of crushing in S3 is 10min, and the turning rate of crushing is 500r/min, and the making materials of adsorbent in S3 include: activated carbon, silica gel, alumina, white clay, bentonite and zeolite , the present invention makes adsorbent by using activated carbon and bentonite, activated carbon can quickly adsorb pollutants and peculiar smells in water and air, while bentonite has certain adsorption capacity for various gases, liquids and organic substances, and the maximum adsorption capacity can be It is up to 5 times its own weight. With the cooperation of the two, the adsorbent can quickly adsorb the purified water and the substances in the atmosphere, which improves the adsorption effect of the adsorbent. The production materials of S3 neutralizer include Sulfuric Acid, Hydrochloric Acid, Nitric Acid, Sodium Carbonate, Sodium Bicarbonate, Calcium Hydroxide, Sodium Hydroxide, and Calcium Oxide.

In the present invention, it needs to be specially explained that the production materials of the redox agent in S3 include hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, sodium hypochlorite, sodium pyrosulfite, sodium bisulfite, and ferrous sulfate, and the production materials of the flocculant in S3 include polyacrylamide , ferric chloride, polyaluminum chloride, polyferric sulfate, the precipitating agent in S3 includes sodium sulfide, the curing agent in S4 includes ethylenediamine, phenol, formaldehyde and mancini, and pyrolyzes in S5 Gasification refers to the process in which the macromolecules of organic components in solid waste are broken to produce small molecular gases, tar and residues under the condition of anaerobic or anoxic.

Example 2

Referring to Fig. 1, a method for degrading toxic and harmful substances of fire residues comprises the following steps:

S1: Toxic substance collection, collect the solid waste generated after the fire in the substation, and put the collected solid waste into the solid waste integrated processor, waiting for unified treatment, and at the same time carry out the water polluted by mineral oil Collect and put into the integrated water pollution processor;

S2: Solid waste treatment, use the dehydration mechanism and crushing mechanism in the solid waste integrated processor to dehydrate and crush the collected solid waste, and transport the wastewater separated from the solid waste into the water pollution integrated processor , the present invention facilitates the uniform treatment of solid waste through a series of treatments of collecting, dehydrating and crushing solid waste, and can better redox and neutralize solid waste, and can quickly and effectively treat solid waste Degradation, improving the degradation efficiency of solid waste;

S3: Prepare the medicine, use the medicine dissolving device to dissolve the adsorbent, neutralizing agent, flocculant, redox agent and precipitant in sequence, and pack the above dissolved medicine for standby;

S4: Degradation of solid waste, adding the dissolved redox agent to the dosing device, using the dosing device to evenly add the redox agent to the solid waste integrated processor, and redox the toxic and harmful substances in the solid waste React to make the solid waste start to degrade, then use the doser to evenly add the dissolved neutralizer to the solid waste integrated processor, neutralize the pH value of the degraded solid waste, and finally use pyrolysis gasification The furnace performs pyrolysis and gasification on the solid waste, so that the solid waste can be used for secondary use. The present invention performs pyrolysis and gasification treatment on the degraded solid waste, so that the macromolecules in the degraded solid waste are broken to produce small molecules Gas, tar and residue, realize the harmlessness, reduction and recycling of solid waste, so as to recycle solid waste, recover energy and resources, and save energy;

S5: Liquid degradation, use a dosing device to evenly add redox agents to the integrated water pollution processor, perform oxidation-reduction reactions on toxic and harmful substances in the liquid, and then use a dosing device to uniformly add redox agents to the integrated water pollution processor The adsorbent is added, and the substances produced after the liquid degradation are adsorbed, and then the precipitant is evenly added to the integrated water pollution processor using the dosing device, so that the adsorbed substances in the liquid are rapidly precipitated, and then the dosing device is used to evenly Add flocculants to the water pollution integrated processor to condense the precipitated substances, then filter the liquid, filter out the condensed objects, and decompose them, and finally use the dosing device to uniformly pour the water into the whole Neutralizing agent is added to the chemical processor to neutralize the pH value of the liquid so that the liquid can be used again;

S6: Gas degradation, inform all staff to stay in the building and not come out, then add the dissolved adsorbent, neutralizer, flocculant, redox agent, and precipitant in S4 to five different sprayers, and then use Helicopters carry sprinklers to spray redox agents, adsorbents, precipitants, flocculants and neutralizers in sequence over the substation to degrade and neutralize the atmosphere above the substation, thereby restoring the atmospheric environment around the substation to normal standards. The invention can completely degrade the pollutants in the water body and the atmosphere through a series of treatments of adsorption, redox, precipitation, coagulation and neutralization on the liquid and the atmosphere, and at the same time neutralize the pH value of the water body and the atmosphere, making the water body and the atmosphere The atmosphere can be used normally, so that the water body and the atmosphere can be used twice, which improves the environment and reduces pollution;

S7: At the end of the finishing touch, after the degradation of the toxic and harmful substances contained in the solid waste, liquid and gas in the substation is completed, all the ground and buildings of the substation are cleaned uniformly, and the residual substances after the degradation of toxic substances are collected and collected. clean up.

In the present invention, the time of dehydration in S2 is 25min, the time of crushing in S3 is 12min, and the turning rate of crushing is 650r/min, and the making material of adsorbent in S3 includes: activated carbon, silica gel, alumina, white clay, bentonite and zeolite , the present invention makes adsorbent by using activated carbon and bentonite, activated carbon can quickly adsorb pollutants and peculiar smells in water and air, while bentonite has certain adsorption capacity for various gases, liquids and organic substances, and the maximum adsorption capacity can be It is up to 5 times its own weight. With the cooperation of the two, the adsorbent can quickly adsorb the purified water and the substances in the atmosphere, which improves the adsorption effect of the adsorbent. The production materials of S3 neutralizer include Sulfuric Acid, Hydrochloric Acid, Nitric Acid, Sodium Carbonate, Sodium Bicarbonate, Calcium Hydroxide, Sodium Hydroxide, and Calcium Oxide.

In the present invention, it needs to be specially explained that the production materials of the redox agent in S3 include hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, sodium hypochlorite, sodium pyrosulfite, sodium bisulfite, and ferrous sulfate, and the production materials of the flocculant in S3 include polyacrylamide , ferric chloride, polyaluminum chloride, polyferric sulfate, the precipitating agent in S3 includes sodium sulfide, the curing agent in S4 includes ethylenediamine, phenol, formaldehyde and mancini, and pyrolyzes in S5 Gasification refers to the process in which the macromolecules of organic components in solid waste are broken to produce small molecular gases, tar and residues under the condition of anaerobic or anoxic.

Example 3

Referring to Fig. 1, a method for degrading toxic and harmful substances of fire residues comprises the following steps:

S1: Toxic substance collection, collect the solid waste generated after the fire in the substation, and put the collected solid waste into the solid waste integrated processor, waiting for unified treatment, and at the same time carry out the water polluted by mineral oil Collect and put into the integrated water pollution processor;

S2: Solid waste treatment, use the dehydration mechanism and crushing mechanism in the solid waste integrated processor to dehydrate and crush the collected solid waste, and transport the wastewater separated from the solid waste into the water pollution integrated processor , the present invention facilitates the uniform treatment of solid waste through a series of treatments of collecting, dehydrating and crushing solid waste, and can better redox and neutralize solid waste, and can quickly and effectively treat solid waste Degradation, improving the degradation efficiency of solid waste;

S3: Prepare the medicine, use the medicine dissolving device to dissolve the adsorbent, neutralizing agent, flocculant, redox agent and precipitant in sequence, and pack the above dissolved medicine for standby;

S4: Degradation of solid waste, adding the dissolved redox agent to the dosing device, using the dosing device to evenly add the redox agent to the solid waste integrated processor, and redox the toxic and harmful substances in the solid waste React to make the solid waste start to degrade, then use the doser to evenly add the dissolved neutralizer to the solid waste integrated processor, neutralize the pH value of the degraded solid waste, and finally use pyrolysis gasification The furnace performs pyrolysis and gasification on the solid waste, so that the solid waste can be used for secondary use. The present invention performs pyrolysis and gasification treatment on the degraded solid waste, so that the macromolecules in the degraded solid waste are broken to produce small molecules Gas, tar and residue, realize the harmlessness, reduction and recycling of solid waste, so as to recycle solid waste, recover energy and resources, and save energy;

S5: Liquid degradation, use a dosing device to evenly add redox agents to the integrated water pollution processor, perform oxidation-reduction reactions on toxic and harmful substances in the liquid, and then use a dosing device to uniformly add redox agents to the integrated water pollution processor The adsorbent is added, and the substances produced after the liquid degradation are adsorbed, and then the precipitant is evenly added to the integrated water pollution processor using the dosing device, so that the adsorbed substances in the liquid are rapidly precipitated, and then the dosing device is used to evenly Add flocculants to the water pollution integrated processor to condense the precipitated substances, then filter the liquid, filter out the condensed objects, and decompose them, and finally use the dosing device to uniformly pour the water into the whole Neutralizing agent is added to the chemical processor to neutralize the pH value of the liquid so that the liquid can be used again;

S6: Gas degradation, inform all staff to stay in the building and not come out, then add the dissolved adsorbent, neutralizer, flocculant, redox agent, and precipitant in S4 to five different sprayers, and then use Helicopters carry sprinklers to spray redox agents, adsorbents, precipitants, flocculants and neutralizers in sequence over the substation to degrade and neutralize the atmosphere above the substation, thereby restoring the atmospheric environment around the substation to normal standards. The invention can completely degrade the pollutants in the water body and the atmosphere through a series of treatments of adsorption, redox, precipitation, coagulation and neutralization on the liquid and the atmosphere, and at the same time neutralize the pH value of the water body and the atmosphere, making the water body and the atmosphere The atmosphere can be used normally, so that the water body and the atmosphere can be used twice, which improves the environment and reduces pollution;

S7: At the end of the finishing touch, after the degradation of the toxic and harmful substances contained in the solid waste, liquid and gas in the substation is completed, all the ground and buildings of the substation are cleaned uniformly, and the residual substances after the degradation of toxic substances are collected and collected. clean up.

Potassium permanganate, sodium hypochlorite, sodium pyrosulfite, sodium bisulfite, ferrous sulfate, the flocculation of the present invention in S3, the dehydration time in S2 is 30min, the crushing time in S3 is 15min, and the crushing conversion rate is 800r/min , The materials for making the adsorbent in S3 include: activated carbon, silica gel, bauxite, clay, bentonite and zeolite. The present invention uses activated carbon and bentonite to make the adsorbent, and the activated carbon can quickly adsorb pollutants and odors in water and the atmosphere At the same time, bentonite has a certain adsorption capacity for various gases, liquids, and organic substances, and the maximum adsorption capacity can reach 5 times its own weight. With the cooperation of the two, the adsorbent can quickly detoxify the purified water and atmosphere. The substances in the neutralizer are adsorbed, which improves the adsorption effect of the adsorbent. The materials of the S3 neutralizer include sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and calcium oxide.

In the present invention, it needs to be specified that the production materials of the redox agent in S3 include hydrogen peroxide, and the production materials of the coagulant include polyacrylamide, ferric chloride, polyaluminum chloride, polyferric sulfate, and the preparation of the precipitant in S3 The materials include sodium sulfide. The materials for the curing agent in S4 include ethylenediamine, phenol, formaldehyde and mancini. The pyrolysis and gasification in S5 refers to the decomposition of organic components in solid waste under the condition of anaerobic or anoxic. The process in which large molecules break down to produce small molecule gases, tars, and residues.

In the description in this article, it should be noted that relational terms such as first and second etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation and do not necessarily require or imply that these entities or operations, any such actual relationship or order exists. Furthermore, the term "comprises", "comprises" or any other variation thereof is intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion such that a process, method, article, or apparatus comprising a set of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes elements not expressly listed. other elements of or also include elements inherent in such a process, method, article, or device.

Claims (8)

1. A fire residue poisonous and harmful substance degradation method is characterized in that, its method comprises the following steps: S1: Obtain solid waste generated after a fire; S2: Dehydrating and crushing the solid waste to obtain waste water separated from the fixed waste; S3: using a redox agent to carry out redox reactions on toxic and harmful substances in the solid waste to degrade the solid waste; S4: Use a neutralizer to neutralize the pH value of the degraded solid waste, and use a pyrolysis gasifier to pyrolyze and gasify the solid waste; S5: Use oxidation-reduction agents to perform oxidation-reduction reactions on toxic and harmful substances in wastewater, and then add adsorbents, precipitants and flocculants in sequence to filter wastewater; S6: Using a neutralizer to neutralize the pH of the filtered wastewater; S7: Spray redox agents, adsorbents, precipitants, flocculants and neutralizers over the fire site until the atmospheric environment returns to normal standards; S8: Clean up the place where the fire occurred. 2. A kind of method for degrading toxic and harmful substances of fire residue according to claim 1, characterized in that, the dehydration time in the step S2 is 20-30min, the crushing time is 10-15min, and the crushing conversion rate is 500-800r/min. 3. A method for degrading toxic and harmful substances in fire residues according to claim 1, wherein the material for making the adsorbent in the S5 includes at least one of the following: activated carbon, silica gel, alumina, clay , bentonite and zeolite. 4. a kind of method for degrading toxic and harmful substances of fire residue according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the making material of described neutralizing agent comprises at least one in the following: sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sodium carbonate, Sodium Bicarbonate, Calcium Hydroxide, Sodium Hydroxide and Calcium Oxide. 5. A method for degrading toxic and harmful substances in fire residues according to claim 3, characterized in that, the production materials of the redox agent include at least one of the following: hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, sodium hypochlorite , Sodium pyrosulfite, sodium bisulfite, ferrous sulfate. 6. A method for degrading toxic and hazardous substances in fire residues according to claim 5, wherein the material for making the flocculant comprises at least one of the following: polyacrylamide, ferric chloride, polymeric Aluminum chloride, polyferric sulfate. 7. A method for degrading toxic and harmful substances in fire residues according to claim 5, wherein the precipitating agent is made of at least one of the following materials: sodium sulfide, the curing agent in S4 Materials used include ethylenediamine, phenol, formaldehyde, and mancini. 8. A method for degrading toxic and harmful substances in fire residues according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the step S4, pyrolysis and gasification refers to the removal of organic components in solid waste under the condition of anaerobic or hypoxic conditions. The process in which the broken macromolecules produce small molecule gas, tar and residue.

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