CN115738161A - Method for degrading toxic and harmful substances in fire residues - Google Patents
Method for degrading toxic and harmful substances in fire residues Download PDFInfo
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- CN115738161A CN115738161A CN202211419744.8A CN202211419744A CN115738161A CN 115738161 A CN115738161 A CN 115738161A CN 202211419744 A CN202211419744 A CN 202211419744A CN 115738161 A CN115738161 A CN 115738161A
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- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of degradation of toxic and harmful substances, and discloses a method for degrading toxic and harmful substances in fire residues, which comprises the following steps: s1: and (3) collecting toxic substances, namely collecting solid waste generated after fire disasters occur to the transformer substation, putting the collected solid waste into a solid waste integrated processor, waiting for uniform treatment, and meanwhile, collecting water polluted by mineral oil and putting the water polluted by the mineral oil into the water pollution integrated processor. The invention can not only break the macromolecule in the solid waste after degradation to generate micromolecular gas, tar and residue, realize the harmlessness, reduction and resource utilization of the solid waste, thereby recycling the solid waste, recovering energy and resources, saving energy, realizing the secondary use of water and atmosphere, improving the environment, reducing pollution, rapidly and effectively degrading the solid waste and improving the degradation efficiency of the solid waste.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of degradation of toxic and harmful substances, in particular to a method for degrading toxic and harmful substances in fire residues.
Background
A substation is an assembly of devices for switching off or on, changing or regulating voltage, and in an electrical power system, is a collection point for power transmission and distribution, and is mainly divided into: the transformer substation belongs to high-voltage places, and a fire disaster can be caused by carelessness in the transformer substation, and a large amount of toxic and harmful substances can be generated after flame burning of the transformer substation.
After a fire disaster occurs in a transformer substation, if toxic and harmful substances are not degraded in time, the environment is greatly influenced, but the existing degradation method is not comprehensive in degradation and cannot comprehensively degrade the toxic and harmful substances left after the fire disaster of the transformer substation, so that the method for degrading the toxic and harmful substances in the residues of the fire disaster is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for degrading toxic and harmful substances in fire residues, and mainly solves the problems that the existing degradation method is not comprehensive in degradation and can not carry out comprehensive degradation on the toxic and harmful substances left after the fire of a transformer substation.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
1. a method for degrading toxic and harmful substances in fire residues is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: obtaining solid waste generated after fire disaster;
s2: dehydrating and crushing the solid waste to obtain waste water separated from the fixed waste;
s3: carrying out oxidation-reduction reaction on toxic and harmful substances in the solid waste by using an oxidation-reduction agent to degrade the solid waste;
s4: neutralizing the pH value of the degraded solid waste by using a neutralizing agent, and performing pyrolysis gasification on the solid waste by using a pyrolysis gasification furnace;
s5: carrying out oxidation-reduction reaction on toxic and harmful substances in the wastewater by using an oxidation-reduction agent, and then filtering the wastewater after sequentially adding an adsorbent, a precipitator and a flocculating agent;
s6: neutralizing the pH of the filtered wastewater by using a neutralizing agent;
s7: respectively spraying a redox agent, an adsorbent, a precipitator, a flocculating agent and a neutralizing agent above the fire place until the atmospheric environment of the fire place returns to the normal standard;
s8: and cleaning the fire occurrence part.
Furthermore, the dehydration time in the step S2 is 20-30min, the crushing time is 10-15min, and the crushing conversion rate is 500-800r/min.
Further, the manufacturing material of the adsorbent in S5 includes at least one of the following: activated carbon, silica gel, alumina, clay, bentonite and zeolite.
Further, the manufacturing material of the neutralizing agent comprises at least one of the following materials: sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, and calcium oxide.
Furthermore, the manufacturing materials of the oxidation-reduction agent comprise at least one of the following materials: hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, sodium hypochlorite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium bisulfite and ferrous sulfate.
Further, the manufacturing material of the flocculant comprises at least one of the following materials: polyacrylamide, ferric trichloride, polyaluminium chloride and polyferric sulfate.
Further, the manufacturing material of the precipitating agent comprises at least one of the following materials: sodium sulfide, and the curing agent in S4 is prepared from ethylenediamine, phenol, formaldehyde and mannite.
Further, pyrolysis and gasification in step S4 refers to a process in which under the condition of no oxygen or lack of oxygen, macromolecules of organic components in the solid waste are broken to generate micromolecular gas, tar and residues.
(III) advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a method for degrading toxic and harmful substances in fire residues, which has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the degraded solid waste is subjected to pyrolysis gasification treatment, so that macromolecules in the degraded solid waste are broken to generate micromolecular gas, tar and residues, and the harmlessness, reduction and recycling of the solid waste are realized, so that the solid waste is recycled, energy and resources are recovered, and the energy is saved.
2. According to the invention, through a series of treatments of adsorption, oxidation reduction, precipitation, solidification and neutralization on the liquid and the atmosphere, pollutants in the water body and the atmosphere can be completely degraded, and meanwhile, the PH values in the water body and the atmosphere are neutralized, so that the water body and the atmosphere can be normally used, the water body and the atmosphere can be secondarily used, the environment is improved, and the pollution is reduced.
3. The adsorbent is prepared from the activated carbon and the bentonite, the activated carbon can quickly adsorb pollutants and peculiar smells in water and atmosphere, meanwhile, the bentonite has certain adsorption capacity for various gases, liquids and organic substances, the maximum adsorption capacity can reach 5 times of the weight of the bentonite, and under the cooperation of the activated carbon and the bentonite, the adsorbent can quickly adsorb the purified water and substances in the atmosphere, so that the adsorption effect of the adsorbent is improved.
4. According to the invention, through a series of treatments of collecting, dehydrating and crushing the solid waste, the solid waste is conveniently treated uniformly, the solid waste can be better subjected to oxidation reduction and neutralization treatment, the solid waste can be rapidly and effectively degraded, and the degradation efficiency of the solid waste is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow structure diagram of a method for degrading toxic and harmful substances in fire residues according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, a method for degrading toxic and harmful substances from fire residues includes the following steps:
s1: collecting toxic substances, namely collecting solid waste generated after fire disaster happens to a transformer substation, putting the collected solid waste into a solid waste integrated processor, waiting for uniform treatment, and meanwhile, collecting water polluted by mineral oil and putting the water polluted by the mineral oil into a water pollution integrated processor;
s2: the solid waste is treated, the collected solid waste is dewatered and crushed by using the dewatering mechanism and the crushing mechanism in the solid waste integrated processor, and wastewater separated from the solid waste is conveyed into the water to pollute the integrated processor;
s3: preparing the medicines, namely dissolving an adsorbent, a neutralizer, a flocculating agent, an oxidation reducing agent and a precipitating agent in sequence by using a medicine dissolving device, and filling the dissolved medicines for standby;
s4: solid waste is degraded, a dissolved oxidation-reduction agent is added into a chemical adding device, the chemical adding device is used for uniformly adding the oxidation-reduction agent into a solid waste integrated processor, toxic and harmful substances in the solid waste are subjected to oxidation-reduction reaction, so that the solid waste is degraded, then the chemical adding device is used for uniformly adding the dissolved neutralization agent into the solid waste integrated processor, the pH value of the degraded solid waste is neutralized, finally a pyrolysis gasification furnace is used for carrying out pyrolysis gasification on the solid waste, so that the solid waste is recycled, the invention carries out pyrolysis gasification treatment on the degraded solid waste, so that macromolecules in the degraded solid waste are broken, micromolecular gas, tar and residues are generated, the harmlessness, the reduction and the recycling of the solid waste are realized, and thus the solid waste is recycled, the energy and the resource are recovered, and the energy is saved;
s5: liquid degradation, namely uniformly adding an oxidation-reduction agent into the water pollution integrated processor by using a doser to perform oxidation-reduction reaction on toxic and harmful substances in the liquid, then uniformly adding an adsorbent into the water pollution integrated processor by using the doser, adsorbing substances generated after the liquid degradation, then uniformly adding a precipitator into the water pollution integrated processor by using the doser to rapidly precipitate the substances adsorbed in the liquid, then uniformly adding a flocculating agent into the water pollution integrated processor by using the doser to coagulate the precipitated substances, filtering the liquid, filtering out the coagulated substances, decomposing the coagulated substances, finally uniformly adding a neutralizing agent into the water pollution integrated processor by using the doser to neutralize the pH value of the liquid, and enabling the liquid to be reused;
s6: gas is degraded, all workers are informed not to come out of the building, then the adsorbent, the neutralizer, the flocculant, the redox agent and the precipitant which are dissolved in the S4 are respectively added into five different sprayers, and then the helicopter is used for carrying the sprayers above the transformer substation to sequentially spray the redox agent, the adsorbent, the precipitant, the flocculant and the neutralizer, so that the atmosphere above the transformer substation is degraded and neutralized, and thus the atmospheric environment around the transformer substation is recovered to a normal standard.
S7: and finishing ending, degrading toxic and harmful substances contained in solid waste, liquid and gas in the transformer substation, uniformly cleaning all the ground and buildings of the transformer substation, and collecting and cleaning the residual substances after the toxic substances are degraded.
In the invention, the dehydration time in S2 is 20min, the crushing time in S3 is 10min, the crushing conversion rate is 500r/min, and the preparation materials of the adsorbent in S3 comprise: the invention relates to an adsorbent made of activated carbon, silica gel, alumina, argil, bentonite and zeolite, wherein the activated carbon and the bentonite are used for preparing the adsorbent, the activated carbon can quickly adsorb pollutants and peculiar smells in water and atmosphere, meanwhile, the bentonite has certain adsorption capacity on various gases, liquids and organic substances, the maximum adsorption capacity can reach 5 times of the weight of the activated carbon and the bentonite, under the cooperation of the activated carbon and the bentonite, the adsorbent can quickly adsorb the purified water and substances in the atmosphere, the adsorption effect of the adsorbent is improved, and the S3 neutralizer is made of materials including sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and calcium oxide.
In the present invention, it is to be specifically noted that the redox agent in S3 is made of hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, sodium hypochlorite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium bisulfite, and ferrous sulfate, the flocculant in S3 is made of polyacrylamide, ferric chloride, polyaluminium chloride, and polyferric sulfate, the precipitant in S3 is made of sodium sulfide, the curing agent in S4 is made of ethylenediamine, phenol, formaldehyde, and mannite, and the pyrolysis gasification in S5 is a process in which, under an oxygen-free or oxygen-deficient condition, macromolecules of organic components in solid waste are broken to generate small molecule gas, tar, and residue.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 1, a method for degrading toxic and harmful substances from fire residues includes the following steps:
s1: collecting toxic substances, namely collecting solid waste generated after fire disasters occur in a transformer substation, putting the collected solid waste into a solid waste integrated processor, waiting for uniform treatment, collecting water polluted by mineral oil, and putting the water polluted by the mineral oil into a water pollution integrated processor;
s2: the solid waste is treated, the collected solid waste is dewatered and crushed by using the dewatering mechanism and the crushing mechanism in the solid waste integrated processor, and wastewater separated from the solid waste is conveyed into the water to pollute the integrated processor;
s3: preparing the medicines, namely dissolving an adsorbent, a neutralizer, a flocculating agent, an oxidation reducing agent and a precipitating agent in sequence by using a medicine dissolving device, and filling the dissolved medicines for standby;
s4: solid waste is degraded, a dissolved oxidation-reduction agent is added into a chemical adding device, the chemical adding device is used for uniformly adding the oxidation-reduction agent into a solid waste integrated processor, toxic and harmful substances in the solid waste are subjected to oxidation-reduction reaction, so that the solid waste is degraded, then the chemical adding device is used for uniformly adding the dissolved neutralization agent into the solid waste integrated processor, the pH value of the degraded solid waste is neutralized, finally a pyrolysis gasification furnace is used for carrying out pyrolysis gasification on the solid waste, so that the solid waste is recycled, the invention carries out pyrolysis gasification treatment on the degraded solid waste, so that macromolecules in the degraded solid waste are broken, micromolecular gas, tar and residues are generated, the harmlessness, the reduction and the recycling of the solid waste are realized, and thus the solid waste is recycled, the energy and the resource are recovered, and the energy is saved;
s5: liquid degradation, namely uniformly adding an oxidation-reduction agent into the water pollution integrated processor by using a doser to perform oxidation-reduction reaction on toxic and harmful substances in the liquid, then uniformly adding an adsorbent into the water pollution integrated processor by using the doser, adsorbing substances generated after the liquid degradation, then uniformly adding a precipitator into the water pollution integrated processor by using the doser to quickly precipitate the substances adsorbed in the liquid, then uniformly adding a flocculating agent into the water pollution integrated processor by using the doser to coagulate the precipitated substances, filtering the liquid, filtering out the coagulated substances, decomposing the substances, finally uniformly adding a neutralizing agent into the water pollution integrated processor by using the doser to neutralize the pH value of the liquid, and enabling the liquid to be reused;
s6: gas is degraded, all workers are informed not to come out of the building, then the adsorbent, the neutralizer, the flocculant, the redox agent and the precipitant which are dissolved in the S4 are respectively added into five different sprayers, and then the helicopter is used for carrying the sprayers above the transformer substation to sequentially spray the redox agent, the adsorbent, the precipitant, the flocculant and the neutralizer, so that the atmosphere above the transformer substation is degraded and neutralized, and thus the atmospheric environment around the transformer substation is recovered to a normal standard.
S7: and finishing ending, degrading toxic and harmful substances contained in solid waste, liquid and gas in the transformer substation, uniformly cleaning all the ground and buildings of the transformer substation, and collecting and cleaning the residual substances after the toxic substances are degraded.
According to the invention, the dehydration time in S2 is 25min, the crushing time in S3 is 12min, the crushing conversion rate is 650r/min, and the manufacturing material of the adsorbent in S3 comprises: the invention relates to an adsorbent made of activated carbon, silica gel, alumina, argil, bentonite and zeolite, wherein the activated carbon and the bentonite are used for preparing the adsorbent, the activated carbon can quickly adsorb pollutants and peculiar smells in water and atmosphere, meanwhile, the bentonite has certain adsorption capacity on various gases, liquids and organic substances, the maximum adsorption capacity can reach 5 times of the weight of the activated carbon and the bentonite, under the cooperation of the activated carbon and the bentonite, the adsorbent can quickly adsorb the purified water and substances in the atmosphere, the adsorption effect of the adsorbent is improved, and the S3 neutralizer is made of materials including sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and calcium oxide.
In the present invention, it is to be specifically noted that the redox agent in S3 is made of hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, sodium hypochlorite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium bisulfite, and ferrous sulfate, the flocculant in S3 is made of polyacrylamide, ferric chloride, polyaluminium chloride, and polyferric sulfate, the precipitant in S3 is made of sodium sulfide, the curing agent in S4 is made of ethylenediamine, phenol, formaldehyde, and mannite, and the pyrolysis gasification in S5 is a process in which, under an oxygen-free or oxygen-deficient condition, macromolecules of organic components in solid waste are broken to generate small molecule gas, tar, and residue.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 1, a method for degrading toxic and harmful substances from fire residues includes the following steps:
s1: collecting toxic substances, namely collecting solid waste generated after fire disaster happens to a transformer substation, putting the collected solid waste into a solid waste integrated processor, waiting for uniform treatment, and meanwhile, collecting water polluted by mineral oil and putting the water polluted by the mineral oil into a water pollution integrated processor;
s2: solid waste treatment, namely dewatering and crushing the collected solid waste by using a dewatering mechanism and a crushing mechanism in the solid waste integrated processor, conveying wastewater separated from the solid waste into a water pollution integrated processor, according to the invention, through a series of treatments of collecting, dehydrating and crushing the solid waste, the solid waste is conveniently treated uniformly, the solid waste can be better subjected to oxidation reduction and neutralization treatment, the solid waste can be rapidly and effectively degraded, and the degradation efficiency of the solid waste is improved;
s3: preparing the medicines, namely dissolving an adsorbent, a neutralizer, a flocculating agent, an oxidation reducing agent and a precipitating agent in sequence by using a medicine dissolving device, and filling the dissolved medicines for standby;
s4: degrading solid wastes, namely adding a dissolved redox agent into a chemical adding device, uniformly adding the redox agent into a solid waste integrated processor by using the chemical adding device, carrying out redox reaction on toxic and harmful substances in the solid wastes to start degradation of the solid wastes, uniformly adding a dissolved neutralizing agent into the solid waste integrated processor by using the chemical adding device, neutralizing the pH value of the degraded solid wastes, and finally carrying out pyrolysis gasification on the solid wastes by using a pyrolysis gasification furnace to ensure that the solid wastes are recycled;
s5: liquid degradation, namely uniformly adding an oxidation-reduction agent into the water pollution integrated processor by using a doser to perform oxidation-reduction reaction on toxic and harmful substances in the liquid, then uniformly adding an adsorbent into the water pollution integrated processor by using the doser, adsorbing substances generated after the liquid degradation, then uniformly adding a precipitator into the water pollution integrated processor by using the doser to rapidly precipitate the substances adsorbed in the liquid, then uniformly adding a flocculating agent into the water pollution integrated processor by using the doser to coagulate the precipitated substances, filtering the liquid, filtering out the coagulated substances, decomposing the coagulated substances, finally uniformly adding a neutralizing agent into the water pollution integrated processor by using the doser to neutralize the pH value of the liquid, and enabling the liquid to be reused;
s6: gas is degraded, all workers are informed not to come out of the building, then the adsorbent, the neutralizer, the flocculant, the redox agent and the precipitant which are dissolved in the S4 are respectively added into five different sprayers, and then the helicopter is used for carrying the sprayers above the transformer substation to sequentially spray the redox agent, the adsorbent, the precipitant, the flocculant and the neutralizer, so that the atmosphere above the transformer substation is degraded and neutralized, and thus the atmospheric environment around the transformer substation is recovered to a normal standard.
S7: and finishing ending, degrading toxic and harmful substances contained in solid waste, liquid and gas in the transformer substation, uniformly cleaning all the ground and buildings of the transformer substation, and collecting and cleaning the residual substances after the toxic substances are degraded.
Potassium permanganate, sodium hypochlorite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium bisulfite and ferrous sulfate, wherein the S3 is flocculated, the dehydration time in the S2 is 30min, the crushing time in the S3 is 15min, the crushing conversion rate is 800r/min, and the preparation material of the adsorbent in the S3 comprises the following components: the invention relates to an adsorbent made of activated carbon, silica gel, alumina, argil, bentonite and zeolite, wherein the activated carbon and the bentonite are used for preparing the adsorbent, the activated carbon can quickly adsorb pollutants and peculiar smells in water and atmosphere, meanwhile, the bentonite has certain adsorption capacity on various gases, liquids and organic substances, the maximum adsorption capacity can reach 5 times of the weight of the activated carbon and the bentonite, under the cooperation of the activated carbon and the bentonite, the adsorbent can quickly adsorb the purified water and substances in the atmosphere, the adsorption effect of the adsorbent is improved, and the S3 neutralizer is made of materials including sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and calcium oxide.
In the present invention, it is to be specifically noted that the redox agent in S3 includes hydrogen peroxide, the coagulant includes polyacrylamide, ferric chloride, polyaluminium chloride, and polyferric sulfate, the precipitant in S3 includes sodium sulfide, the curing agent in S4 includes ethylenediamine, phenol, formaldehyde, and manicure, and the pyrolysis gasification in S5 is a process in which macromolecules of organic components in the solid waste are broken under an oxygen-free or oxygen-deficient condition to generate small molecule gas, tar, and residue.
In the description herein, it is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like, are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Claims (8)
1. A method for degrading toxic and harmful substances in fire residues is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: obtaining solid waste generated after fire disaster;
s2: carrying out dehydration and crushing treatment on the solid waste to obtain waste water separated from the fixed waste;
s3: carrying out redox reaction on toxic and harmful substances in the solid waste by using a redox agent to degrade the solid waste;
s4: neutralizing the pH value of the degraded solid waste by using a neutralizing agent, and performing pyrolysis gasification on the solid waste by using a pyrolysis gasification furnace;
s5: carrying out oxidation-reduction reaction on toxic and harmful substances in the wastewater by using an oxidation-reduction agent, and then filtering the wastewater after sequentially adding an adsorbent, a precipitator and a flocculating agent;
s6: neutralizing the pH value of the filtered wastewater by using a neutralizing agent;
s7: respectively spraying a redox agent, an adsorbent, a precipitator, a flocculating agent and a neutralizing agent above the fire place until the atmospheric environment of the fire place returns to the normal standard;
s8: and cleaning the fire occurrence part.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dehydration time is 20-30min, the crushing time is 10-15min, and the crushing turnover is 500-800r/min in step S2.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the adsorbent of S5 is made of at least one of the following materials: activated carbon, silica gel, alumina, clay, bentonite and zeolite.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the neutralizing agent is made of at least one of the following materials: sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, and calcium oxide.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the redox agent is made of at least one of the following materials: hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, sodium hypochlorite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium bisulfite and ferrous sulfate.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the flocculating agent is made of a material comprising at least one of: polyacrylamide, ferric trichloride, polyaluminium chloride and polyferric sulfate.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the precipitating agent is made of a material selected from the group consisting of: sodium sulfide, and the curing agent in S4 is prepared from ethylenediamine, phenol, formaldehyde and mannite.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the pyrolysis gasification in the step S4 is a process of breaking down macromolecules of organic components in the solid waste to generate small molecule gas, tar and residue under oxygen-free or oxygen-deficient conditions.
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