CN111266394A - Efficient dechlorinating agent for waste incineration fly ash and dechlorinating method and device - Google Patents
Efficient dechlorinating agent for waste incineration fly ash and dechlorinating method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111266394A CN111266394A CN202010222818.3A CN202010222818A CN111266394A CN 111266394 A CN111266394 A CN 111266394A CN 202010222818 A CN202010222818 A CN 202010222818A CN 111266394 A CN111266394 A CN 111266394A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/80—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving an extraction step
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/30—Incineration ashes
Abstract
The invention relates to a high-efficiency dechlorinating agent for waste incineration fly ash, which consists of one or more of nitrate, phosphate, organic acid and phosphoric acid. The invention also relates to a dechlorination method and a dechlorination device. The invention utilizes the principle of electrochemical ion migration, adds the high-efficiency dechlorinating agent which is beneficial to enhancing the migration efficiency of chloride ions in the waste fly ash in the process of washing and treating the waste incineration fly ash by water, and adds the electric field device which is specially designed on site, so that in the process of washing the chloride ions by the waste fly ash, the liquid/solid ratio is smaller, the water consumption for washing is less, the chloride ion desorption and migration efficiency in the fly ash is higher, and the effect of efficiently removing chloride salt from the incineration fly ash is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-efficiency dechlorinating agent for waste incineration fly ash and a dechlorinating method. In addition, the invention also relates to a dechlorination device.
Background
The incineration fly ash is generated in the incineration process of municipal domestic waste, and organic matters in the waste are mainly discharged in the form of gaseous substances in the incineration process of the waste; the inorganic substances mainly form solid particles, wherein large-particle solids are deposited on the bottom of the incinerator and a fire grate and are called bottom ash, while fine particles float in the flue gas and enter a flue gas purification system along with the flue gas, the particles form 50% of incineration fly ash, the rest incineration fly ash is derived from limestone or active carbon added in the flue gas purification process, the limestone or active carbon and the active carbon are captured and collected in a dust collector (an electrostatic dust collector, a cloth bag dust collector and the like), meanwhile, a part of fine particles are settled down at the bottom of a flue and a chimney, and the captured and settled fine particles are called incineration fly ash.
In the municipal domestic waste incineration process, the volume of the generated total ash can reach 4-5% of the total volume of the waste, the total mass of the ash can reach 15-20% of the total mass of the waste, and the quantity of the fly ash can reach 10-20% of the total mass of the ash.
The incineration fly ash has low water content, is light grey powder, has uneven fly ash particle size, complex structure and variable properties, exists in amorphous state and polycrystalline polymer structure forms, and generally has the fly ash particle size of less than 100 mu m, rough surface, larger specific surface and higher porosity. The chemical components of the incineration fly ash comprise Cl, Ca, K, Na, Si, Al, O and other elements, and the main chemical components are CaO, SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O 3. In addition, the incineration fly ash often contains heavy metals with high concentration, such as Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, Zn and the like, and the heavy metals mainly exist in the form of aerosol small particles and are enriched on the surfaces of fly ash particles; meanwhile, the incineration fly ash also contains a small amount of dioxin and furan, so the incineration fly ash has strong potential hazard.
According to the standard for controlling pollution of domestic waste incineration (GB 18485-2014): the household garbage incineration fly ash is managed according to dangerous waste. Therefore, the fly ash must be collected separately, and must not be mixed with household garbage, incineration residue, etc., and other hazardous wastes. At present, the disposal of incineration fly ash is mainly to carry out landfill disposal in a hazardous waste landfill after being treated by utilizing an immobilization technology or a stabilization technology; or, the incineration fly ash is simply treated on site and then sent to a safe landfill site for safe landfill treatment, but the construction and operation costs of the safe landfill site are very high, which makes the waste incineration plant difficult to bear, so the use of the method is gradually reduced.
The resource technology of the incineration fly ash is also researched, such as wet chemical treatment technology, preparation of glass ceramic products for building materials and the like, but the resource technology of the incineration fly ash is not mature, so the application is few. The main problem is that incineration fly ash contains chlorine and heavy metals.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the prior art and provides a high-efficiency dechlorinating agent for waste incineration fly ash, wherein the dechlorinating agent is composed of one or more of nitrate, phosphate, organic acid and phosphoric acid.
The dechlorinating agent is composed of 1-5 parts by weight of sodium nitrate, 1-5 parts by weight of ammonium phosphate, 3-16 parts by weight of organic acid and 1-5 parts by weight of phosphoric acid.
The organic acid is selected from one or more of sulfamic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid and tartaric acid.
A dechlorination method for waste incineration fly ash, comprising the following steps:
in a container, adding a dechlorinating agent into the fly ash for water washing, wherein the dechlorinating agent is one or more of nitrate, phosphate, organic acid and phosphoric acid, and the adding amount is 1-5 wt% of the water washing amount;
keeping stirring in a container, and introducing current for 20-120 minutes, wherein the average current density is 0.001-0.01 mA/cm2, and the voltage is 1-100 mV;
and standing the container for solid-liquid separation, and performing filter pressing on filter residues to obtain the treated fly ash.
The dechlorinating agent is composed of 1-5 parts by weight of sodium nitrate, 1-5 parts by weight of ammonium phosphate, 3-16 parts by weight of organic acid and 1-5 parts by weight of phosphoric acid.
The organic acid is selected from one or more of sulfamic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid and tartaric acid.
The dechlorination method further comprises a sting collecting step, wherein the sting collecting step comprises the following steps:
mixing the fly ash with water, adding a jellyfish collecting agent accounting for 1.5-2.5% of the weight of the water, and reacting for 25-40 minutes until the fly ash is processed by jellyfish treatment.
The jellyfish collecting agent is selected from one or more of aminodithioformate resin, polyethylene polyamine and an organic phosphoric acid HEDP compound.
The utility model provides a waste incineration fly ash processing apparatus, processing apparatus includes stirring pond, middle water course, outer pond, stirring pond and outer pond and intercommunication are connected to middle water course, the fly ash mixes with water in the stirring pond, middle water course, outer pond circular telegram, electric negative pole sets up the periphery at the stirring pond, electric positive pole sets up at middle water course, outer pond periphery, the stirring pond still includes antichlor, antichlor comprises one or several kinds among nitrate, phosphate, organic acid, the phosphoric acid.
The current density of the middle water channel is kept to be 0.001-0.01 mA/cm2, and the voltage is kept to be 1-100 mV.
The invention utilizes the principle of electrochemical ion migration, adds the high-efficiency dechlorinating agent which is beneficial to enhancing the migration efficiency of chloride ions in the waste fly ash in the process of washing and treating the waste incineration fly ash by water, and adds the electric field device which is specially designed on site, so that in the process of washing the chloride ions by the waste fly ash, the liquid/solid ratio is smaller, the water consumption for washing is less, the chloride ion desorption and migration efficiency in the fly ash is higher, and the effect of efficiently removing chloride salt from the incineration fly ash is realized. The electric field device is used for enabling the salts containing the chloride ions to rapidly migrate and gather, so that the chloride salts in the fly ash are efficiently desorbed. The core of the present invention is electromigration, not electrolysis.
The above-described and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present application will become more apparent with reference to the following detailed description.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of protection of the invention.
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The use of "first," "second," and similar terms in the description and claims of the present application do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather the terms are used to distinguish one element from another. Also, the use of the terms "a" or "an" and the like do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one.
A high-efficiency dechlorinating agent for the fly ash generated by burning garbage is composed of one or more of nitrate, phosphate, organic acid and phosphoric acid.
The dechlorinating agent is composed of 1-5 parts by weight of sodium nitrate, 1-5 parts by weight of ammonium phosphate, 3-16 parts by weight of organic acid and 1-5 parts by weight of phosphoric acid.
The organic acid is selected from one or more of sulfamic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid and tartaric acid.
A dechlorination method for waste incineration fly ash, comprising the following steps:
in a container, adding a dechlorinating agent into the fly ash for water washing, wherein the dechlorinating agent is one or more of nitrate, phosphate, organic acid and phosphoric acid, and the adding amount is 1-5 wt% of the water washing amount;
keeping stirring in a container, and introducing current for 20-120 minutes, wherein the average current density is 0.001-0.01 mA/cm2, and the voltage is 1-100 mV;
and standing the container for solid-liquid separation, and performing filter pressing on filter residues to obtain the treated fly ash.
The dechlorinating agent is composed of 1-5 parts by weight of sodium nitrate, 1-5 parts by weight of ammonium phosphate, 3-16 parts by weight of organic acid and 1-5 parts by weight of phosphoric acid.
The organic acid is selected from one or more of sulfamic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid and tartaric acid.
The dechlorination method further comprises a sting collecting step, wherein the sting collecting step comprises the following steps:
mixing the fly ash with water, adding a jellyfish collecting agent accounting for 1.5-2.5% of the weight of the water, and reacting for 25-40 minutes until the fly ash is processed by jellyfish treatment.
The jellyfish collecting agent is selected from one or more of aminodithioformate resin, polyethylene polyamine and an organic phosphoric acid HEDP compound.
The utility model provides a waste incineration fly ash processing apparatus, processing apparatus includes stirring pond, middle water course, outer pond, stirring pond and outer pond and intercommunication are connected to middle water course, the fly ash mixes with water in the stirring pond, middle water course, outer pond circular telegram, electric negative pole sets up the periphery at the stirring pond, electric positive pole sets up at middle water course, outer pond periphery, the stirring pond still includes antichlor, antichlor comprises one or several kinds among nitrate, phosphate, organic acid, the phosphoric acid.
The current density of the middle water channel is kept to be 0.001-0.01 mA/cm2, and the voltage is kept to be 1-100 mV.
The invention utilizes the principle of electrochemical ion migration, adds the high-efficiency dechlorinating agent which is beneficial to enhancing the migration efficiency of chloride ions in the waste fly ash in the process of washing and treating the waste incineration fly ash by water, and adds the electric field device which is specially designed on site, so that in the process of washing the chloride ions by the waste fly ash, the liquid/solid ratio is smaller, the water consumption for washing is less, the chloride ion desorption and migration efficiency in the fly ash is higher, and the effect of efficiently removing chloride salt from the incineration fly ash is realized. The electric field device is used for enabling the salts containing the chloride ions to rapidly migrate and gather, and the chloride salts in the fly ash are efficiently desorbed. The core of the present invention is electromigration, not electrolysis.
Example 1
(1) The fly ash jellyfish collecting agent is used for capturing heavy metals in fly ash, so that the heavy metals in the fly ash are mixed with the heavy metals in water to generate an insoluble heavy metal jellyfish compound, and the concentration of the leached heavy metals can stably reach the standard in detection. The material composition comprises dithiocarbamate resin (DTCR), EP110, polyethylene polyamine, organic phosphoric acid HEDP compound and the like, the addition amount is 2%, and the jelling and curing time is respectively 30 minutes.
(2) And adding a dechlorinating agent into the fly ash treated by the high-efficiency chelating collector for washing, wherein the high-efficiency dechlorinating agent comprises 2 parts by weight of sodium nitrate, 2 parts by weight of ammonium phosphate, 2 parts by weight of sulfamic acid, 0.5 part by weight of citric acid, 2 parts by weight of oxalic acid, 2 parts by weight of tartaric acid and 2 parts by weight of polyphosphoric acid, and the adding amount of the dechlorinating agent is 4% of the washing amount, and fully stirring and mixing. In a stirring pool with the diameter of 8m and the depth of 6m, cathode carbon black electrodes are distributed on the periphery of the stirring pool, anode electrodes are connected in an outer pool and a middle water channel, the average current density of the middle water channel is 0.005mA/cm2, the voltage is 80mV, and the stirring pool is provided with a stirrer which is fixed: the liquid (water) ratio is 1: 3, the mixture is stirred for 40 minutes, under the driving of electrochemical potential and the action of high-efficiency dechlorinating agent, the chloride ions in the fly ash are quickly and efficiently transferred out from the fly ash mixture and enter the water anode, thus achieving the purpose of high-efficiency dechlorination.
(3) After most chloride ions in the fly ash enter the water solution, carrying out filter pressing on ash residues, wherein the filter residues are fly ash and enter a cement cooperative disposal material.
(4) And (3) enabling the filtrate to enter a sewage treatment workshop, adding a drug, flocculating and settling, evaporating and salifying by using MVR (mechanical vapor recompression) to serve as an industrial purpose, and recycling condensed water.
By detecting fly ash and treated fly ash, the treatment method of the present invention can reduce the chlorine by 98.2%.
Example 2
(1) The fly ash jellyfish collecting agent is used for capturing heavy metals in fly ash, so that the heavy metals in the fly ash are mixed with the heavy metals in water to generate an insoluble heavy metal jellyfish compound, and the concentration of the leached heavy metals can stably reach the standard in detection. The material composition comprises dithiocarbamate resin (DTCR), EP110, polyethylene polyamine, organic phosphoric acid HEDP compound and the like, the addition amount is 2%, and the jelling and curing time is respectively 30 minutes.
(2) The fly ash treated by the high-efficiency chelating collector is added with a dechlorinating agent for water washing, the high-efficiency dechlorinating agent is prepared from 3 parts by weight of sodium nitrate, 3 parts by weight of ammonium phosphate, 3 parts by weight of sulfamic acid, 0.6 part by weight of citric acid, 3 parts by weight of oxalic acid, 3 parts by weight of tartaric acid and 4 parts by weight of polyphosphoric acid, the fly ash is fully stirred and mixed by 4 percent of the added amount of the dechlorinating agent, in a stirring pool with the diameter of 8m and the depth of 6m, cathode carbon black electrodes are distributed on the periphery of the stirring pool, the anode electrode is connected in an outer pool and a middle water channel, the connection current density of the middle water channel is averagely 0.005mA/cm2, the voltage is 80mV, and the stirring pool is provided with: the liquid (water) ratio is 1: 3, the mixture is stirred for 40 minutes, under the driving of electrochemical potential and the action of high-efficiency dechlorinating agent, the chloride ions in the fly ash are quickly and efficiently transferred out from the fly ash mixture and enter the water anode, thus achieving the purpose of high-efficiency dechlorination.
(3) After most chloride ions in the fly ash enter the water solution, carrying out filter pressing on ash residues, wherein the filter residues are fly ash and enter a cement cooperative disposal material.
(4) And (3) enabling the filtrate to enter a sewage treatment workshop, adding a drug, flocculating and settling, evaporating and salifying by using MVR (mechanical vapor recompression) to serve as an industrial purpose, and recycling condensed water.
By examining the fly ash and treated fly ash, the treatment method of the present invention can reduce the chlorine by 98.8%. As in example 2, but without the electrochemical treatment of the invention, only a 56% reduction in chlorine was achieved. The current density of the middle water channel is 0.0005, 0.001, 0.003, 0.005, 0.008, 0.015 and 0.02mA/cm2 in sequence, and 67%, 95%, 96%, 84% and 73% of chlorine can be reduced in sequence.
While there have been shown and described what are at present considered the fundamental principles and essential features of the invention and its advantages, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing exemplary embodiments, but is capable of other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and the description is given here only for clarity, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined appropriately to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. The efficient dechlorinating agent for the waste incineration fly ash is characterized by comprising one or more of nitrate, phosphate, organic acid and phosphoric acid.
2. The efficient dechlorination agent for the waste incineration fly ash according to claim 1, wherein the dechlorination agent is composed of 1 to 5 parts by weight of sodium nitrate, 1 to 5 parts by weight of ammonium phosphate, 3 to 16 parts by weight of organic acid and 1 to 5 parts by weight of phosphoric acid.
3. The efficient dechlorination agent for the fly ash generated by burning garbage according to claim 1, wherein the organic acid is selected from one or more of sulfamic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid and tartaric acid.
4. A dechlorination method for waste incineration fly ash is characterized by comprising the following steps:
in a container, adding a dechlorinating agent into the fly ash for water washing, wherein the dechlorinating agent is one or more of nitrate, phosphate, organic acid and phosphoric acid, and the adding amount is 1-5 wt% of the water washing amount;
keeping stirring in a container, and introducing current for 20-120 minutes, wherein the average current density is 0.001-0.01 mA/cm2, and the voltage is 1-100 mV;
and standing the container for solid-liquid separation, and performing filter pressing on filter residues to obtain the treated fly ash.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the dechlorination agent comprises 1 to 5 parts by weight of sodium nitrate, 1 to 5 parts by weight of ammonium phosphate, 3 to 16 parts by weight of organic acid, and 1 to 5 parts by weight of phosphoric acid.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the organic acid is selected from one or more of sulfamic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid and tartaric acid.
7. The method for dechlorinating the waste incineration fly ash according to claim 4, wherein the dechlorinating method further comprises a hibernating collecting step, and the hibernating collecting step comprises the following steps:
mixing the fly ash with water, adding a jellyfish collecting agent accounting for 1.5-2.5% of the weight of the water, and reacting for 25-40 minutes until the fly ash is processed by jellyfish treatment.
8. The method for dechlorinating waste incineration fly ash according to claim 4, wherein the hibernating collector is selected from one or more of dithiocarbamate resin, polyethylene polyamine and organic phosphoric acid HEDP compound.
9. The utility model provides a waste incineration flying ash processing apparatus, its characterized in that, processing apparatus includes stirring pond, middle water course, outer pond, middle water course is connected stirring pond and outer pond and is communicated, the flying ash mixes with water in the stirring pond, middle water course, outer pond circular telegram, electric negative pole setting is peripheral at the stirring pond, electric positive pole setting is peripheral at middle water course, outer pond, the stirring pond still includes antichlor, antichlor comprises one or several kinds among nitrate, phosphate, organic acid, the phosphoric acid.
10. The waste incineration fly ash treatment device according to claim 9, wherein the current density of the intermediate water channel is maintained to be 0.001-0.01 mA/cm2, and the voltage is maintained to be 1-100 mV.
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| CN112266188A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-01-26 | 浙江中陶环保科技集团有限公司 | Method for preparing phosphorus modified calcium aluminate cement by using municipal solid waste incineration fly ash and aluminum ash |
| CN112588799A (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2021-04-02 | 浙江浙能技术研究院有限公司 | Method for dechlorinating dried ash |
| CN112723768A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-04-30 | 陈磊 | Fly ash cleaning method |
| CN112777906A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-05-11 | 江山市虎鼎环保科技有限公司 | Efficient filter pressing process for household garbage incineration fly ash washing slurry |
| CN112775146A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-05-11 | 江山市虎鼎环保科技有限公司 | Efficient water-saving and energy-saving treatment process for washing fly ash generated by burning household garbage |
| CN113633921A (en) * | 2021-09-08 | 2021-11-12 | 宜辰荣(浙江宁波)环境工程技术有限公司 | Fly ash dechlorination method |
| CN114405969A (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2022-04-29 | 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所 | Water washing desalination process for fly ash and application thereof |
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| CN111266394B (en) | 2022-05-17 |
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