CN115728983A - Display module assembly and display device - Google Patents
Display module assembly and display device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a display module and a display device, comprising: a display screen displaying an image; the first polaroid is positioned on the light-emitting display side of the display screen; the narrow visual angle unit and the visual angle switching screen are both positioned on one side, far away from the display screen, of the first polarizer, the narrow visual angle unit comprises a first liquid crystal layer, the visual angle switching screen comprises a second liquid crystal layer, and liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer and liquid crystal molecules in the second liquid crystal layer have the same azimuth angle; the XY plane is a plane defined by a first direction and a second direction, the azimuth angle refers to an included angle between the optical axis of the liquid crystal molecules and the X direction in the XY plane, and the plane where the display screen is located is parallel to the XY plane; and the second polaroid is positioned on one side of the narrow visual angle unit and the visual angle switching screen, which is far away from the first polaroid, and has the same transmission direction with the first polaroid. The embodiment of the invention provides a display module and a display device, which can be freely switched between a peep-proof state and a sharing state.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of display, in particular to a display module and a display device.
Background
At present, the on-axis position of the peep-proof display is mainly used for providing image visibility for a user, and the off-axis position of the peep-proof display has poor visibility of image content relative to a snooper. Existing privacy functions, such as those provided by micro-louver optical films that transmit high brightness from the display in the on-axis direction and low brightness from the display in the off-axis position, are not switchable, and the display is limited to privacy functions, and cannot satisfy the effect of freely switching between privacy and shared states.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a display module and a display device, which can be freely switched between a peep-proof state and a sharing state.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a display module, including:
a display screen displaying an image;
the first polaroid is positioned on the light-emitting display side of the display screen;
the narrow visual angle unit and the visual angle switching screen are both positioned on one side, far away from the display screen, of the first polarizer, the narrow visual angle unit comprises a first liquid crystal layer, the visual angle switching screen comprises a second liquid crystal layer, and liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer and liquid crystal molecules in the second liquid crystal layer have the same azimuth angle; the display screen comprises a display screen, a first direction, a second direction, an X direction and an X direction, wherein the XY plane is a plane defined by the first direction and the second direction, the azimuth angle refers to an included angle between an optical axis of liquid crystal molecules and the X direction in the XY plane, and the plane of the display screen is parallel to the XY plane;
and the second polaroid is positioned on one side of the narrow visual angle unit and one side of the visual angle switching screen, which are far away from the first polaroid, and has the same transmission direction with the first polaroid.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a display apparatus, where the display apparatus includes the display module provided in the first aspect.
According to the display module provided by the embodiment of the invention, the first polarizer, the narrow viewing angle unit, the viewing angle switching screen and the second polarizer are arranged on the light-emitting display side of the display screen, the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer in the narrow viewing angle unit and the liquid crystal molecules in the second liquid crystal layer in the viewing angle switching screen are arranged to have the same azimuth angle, and the first polarizer and the second polarizer on the two sides of the narrow viewing angle unit and the viewing angle switching screen have the same transmission direction, so that the narrow viewing angle unit and the viewing angle switching screen jointly realize left and right peep prevention, and the display module capable of switching between the peeping state and the sharing state is obtained.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a display module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another display module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid crystal molecule provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another display module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another display module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a compensation film according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a view switching screen according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of another display module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of another display module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a relative luminance test chart of the display module in the peep-proof state according to the embodiment of the present invention with different optical path differences;
FIG. 11 is a relative luminance test chart of the display module according to the embodiment of the present invention under the sharing state with different optical path differences;
FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating the energy distribution of the display module in the peep-proof state;
FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an energy distribution of the display module in the sharing state;
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a backlight source according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of another display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. It should be further noted that, for the convenience of description, only some of the structures related to the present invention are shown in the drawings, not all of the structures.
The embodiment of the invention provides a display module, which comprises: a display screen displaying an image; the first polaroid is positioned on the light-emitting display side of the display screen; the narrow visual angle unit and the visual angle switching screen are both positioned on one side of the first polarizer, which is far away from the display screen, the narrow visual angle unit comprises a first liquid crystal layer, the visual angle switching screen comprises a second liquid crystal layer, and liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer and liquid crystal molecules in the second liquid crystal layer have the same azimuth angle; the XY plane is a plane defined by a first direction and a second direction, the azimuth angle refers to an included angle between the optical axis of the liquid crystal molecules and the X direction in the XY plane, and the plane where the display screen is located is parallel to the XY plane; and the second polaroid is positioned on one side of the narrow visual angle unit and the visual angle switching screen, which is far away from the first polaroid, and has the same transmission direction with the first polaroid.
By adopting the technical scheme, the first polaroid, the narrow visual angle unit, the visual angle switching screen and the second polaroid are arranged on the light-emitting display side of the display screen, liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer in the narrow visual angle unit and liquid crystal molecules in the second liquid crystal layer in the visual angle switching screen are arranged to have the same azimuth angle, the first polaroid and the second polaroid on the two sides of the narrow visual angle unit and the visual angle switching screen have the same transmission direction, the narrow visual angle unit and the visual angle switching screen jointly realize left and right peeping prevention, and the display module with switchable peeping prevention state and sharing state is obtained.
The above is the core idea of the present invention, and the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiment of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without any creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a display module according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another display module according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid crystal molecule according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another display module according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another display module according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 1 to 5, a display module 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a display panel 21, a first polarizer 22, a narrow viewing angle unit 23, and a viewing angle switching panel 24. The display screen 21 displays an image. The first polarizer 22 is located on the light emitting display side of the display screen 21. The narrow viewing angle unit 23 and the viewing angle switching panel 24 are both located on the side of the first polarizer 22 remote from the display panel 21. The narrow viewing angle unit 23 includes a first liquid crystal layer 230, the viewing angle switching panel 24 includes a second liquid crystal layer 240, and the first liquid crystal molecules 231 in the first liquid crystal layer 230 and the second liquid crystal molecules 241 in the second liquid crystal layer 240 have the same azimuth angle. Here, the XY plane is a plane defined by a first direction (the X direction may be the first direction in the drawing) and a second direction (the Y direction may be the second direction in the drawing), and the azimuth angle refers to an angle of the optical axis of the liquid crystal molecules with the X direction within the XY plane. In other embodiments, the first direction may intersect both the X direction and the Y direction, and the second direction may intersect both the X direction and the Y direction. The display screen 21 is in a plane parallel to the XY plane. The second polarizer 25 is located on the side of the narrow viewing angle unit 23 and the viewing angle switching screen 24 away from the first polarizer 22, and the second polarizer 25 and the first polarizer 22 have the same transmission direction.
Specifically, the Display screen 21 includes a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), and the Display screen 21 emits image Display light for displaying an image. The first polarizer 22 and the second polarizer 25 with the same transmission direction are additionally arranged on the light-emitting display side of the display screen 21, the material can adopt polarizing glass, and the transmission direction is the horizontal direction. The display image lines are transmitted through the first polarizer 22 to obtain polarized light of uniform polarization, such as linearly polarized light. The polarization direction of the linearly polarized light is constant in time and space, namely facing the direction from which the light is emitted, and the electric vector vibration of the linearly polarized light is in the same plane.
A narrow viewing angle unit 23 and a viewing angle switching panel 24 are disposed between the first polarizing plate 22 and the second polarizing plate 25, and the positions of the narrow viewing angle unit 23 and the viewing angle switching panel 24 may be interchanged.
Common liquid crystal molecules are mostly uniaxial crystals, and the polarization direction of polarized light is controlled by using the polarization characteristics of the liquid crystal molecules. The azimuth angle at which the first liquid crystal layer 230 is disposed within the narrow viewing angle unit 23 is the same as the azimuth angle at which the second liquid crystal layer 240 is disposed within the viewing angle switching screen 24. Referring to fig. 3, the plane of the display panel 21 is taken as a reference plane (XY plane), and in the XY plane, the azimuth angle Φ of the first liquid crystal molecule 231 in the narrow viewing angle unit 23 is set to be the same as the azimuth angle Φ of the second liquid crystal molecule 241 in the viewing angle switching panel 24, that is, the included angle Φ between the optical axis a of the first liquid crystal molecule 231 and the optical axis a of the second liquid crystal molecule 241 in the XY plane and the X direction is the same. Φ is between 0 ° and 360 °, as an example, the liquid crystal molecules may adopt an azimuth angle Φ =90 ° alignment. The optical axis is also called optical axis, and is a direction in which two orthogonal waves have equal advancing speed when light propagates in the crystal, and the light in the direction has no change of optical characteristics.
Referring to fig. 4-5, the polarization direction of the front-view polarized light S0 (shown in the positive Z direction) passing through the first liquid crystal layer 230 is unchanged, while the polarization direction of the oblique-view polarized light S1 passing through the first liquid crystal layer 230 or the second liquid crystal layer 240 changes by a certain amount. The oblique-view polarized light S1 may also be referred to as left-right viewing angle polarized light, an included angle between the oblique-view polarized light S1 and the front-view polarized light S0 is α, and in an example of α =45 °,45 ° can deflect the polarization state of the oblique-view polarized light S1 after passing through the first liquid crystal layer 230 by 90 ° by adjusting the size of the azimuth angle Φ, that is, the horizontal polarized light is converted into the vertical polarization, or the vertical polarization is converted into the horizontal polarization.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, the arrangement of the azimuth angles of the liquid crystal molecules affects the privacy directions, for example, whether privacy is implemented on the left and right sides or on the upper and lower sides. By setting the azimuth angles Φ of the first liquid crystal molecules 231 and the second liquid crystal molecules 241 to be the same, the privacy azimuth of the narrow viewing angle unit 23 is the same as the privacy azimuth of the viewing angle switching screen 24, for example, so that the narrow viewing angle unit 23 and the viewing angle switching screen 24 realize the right and left privacy protection together. As such, one of the narrow viewing angle unit 23 and the viewing angle switching screen 24 realizes narrowing the viewing angle, and the other realizes changing the narrow viewing angle to a wide viewing angle.
The second polarizing plate 25 is arranged to have the same transmission direction as that of the first polarizing plate 22.
As shown in fig. 4, in the peep-proof state, by controlling the electric field intensity at the two ends of the second liquid crystal layer 240 of the viewing angle switching screen 24, the second liquid crystal molecules 241 are controlled to deflect by a certain angle, so that the polarization direction of the forward viewing angle light S0 after the optical rotation of the first liquid crystal layer 230 and the second liquid crystal layer 240 is unchanged, the polarization direction of the oblique viewing polarized light S1 after the optical rotation of the first liquid crystal layer 230 and the second liquid crystal layer 240 is changed, the forward viewing angle light S0 can penetrate through the second polarizer 25, the oblique viewing polarized light S1 cannot penetrate through the second polarizer 25, the display module 200 displays in a narrow viewing angle, and the peep-proof state is realized.
As shown in fig. 5, in the sharing state, the electric field intensity at two ends of the second liquid crystal layer 240 of the viewing angle switching screen 24 is controlled to control the second liquid crystal molecules 241 to deflect by a certain angle, so that the polarization directions of the front-view light rays S0 and the squint polarized light rays S1 are unchanged after the optical rotation through the first liquid crystal layer 230 and the second liquid crystal layer 240, and the front-view light rays and the squint polarized light rays S1 can both pass through the second polarizer 25, and the display module 200 is wide-viewing-angle display, so that the switching from the peeping prevention state to the sharing state is realized.
Wherein "→" in fig. 4 and 5 indicates a direction in which light travels,
refers to the polarization direction of polarized light. Taking a forward-view angle light-emitting direction (shown as a Z direction in the figure) of light for displaying an image as a center, the peep-proof state means that a user deviates from the forward-view angle light-emitting direction to look at the display module, the oblique-view angle light-emitting brightness of the display module is low or no light-emitting brightness, and the user cannot see or clearly see the image displayed by the display module; the sharing state refers to that a user deviates from the light emitting direction of the positive visual angle and looks at the display module, and the brightness of the oblique visual angle of the display module is enough to enable the user to see the image displayed by the display module.
In summary, the embodiment of the present invention provides a display module, in which a first polarizer, a narrow viewing angle unit, a viewing angle switching screen, and a second polarizer are disposed on a light emitting display side of a display screen, and liquid crystal molecules in a first liquid crystal layer in the narrow viewing angle unit and liquid crystal molecules in a second liquid crystal layer in the viewing angle switching screen have the same azimuth angle, and transmission directions of the first polarizer and the second polarizer on both sides of the narrow viewing angle unit and the viewing angle switching screen are the same, so that the narrow viewing angle unit and the viewing angle switching screen jointly implement left and right peep prevention, thereby obtaining a display module switchable between a peep prevention state and a shared state.
In one possible embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 to 5, the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 230 and the liquid crystal molecules in the second liquid crystal layer 240 are both positive liquid crystals.
As shown in fig. 3, by using the advantage that the positive liquid crystal molecules have a fast response, the azimuth angle of the liquid crystal molecules in the viewing angle switching screen 24 is set to be the same as the azimuth angle of the liquid crystal molecules in the narrow viewing angle unit 23, and the included angle between the long axis direction of the positive liquid crystal molecules and the X direction in the XY plane is Φ, for example, the liquid crystal molecules may be aligned at an azimuth angle Φ =90 °.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a compensation film 30 according to an embodiment of the present invention. One possible embodiment, as shown in fig. 3 and 6 in combination, the narrow viewing angle unit 23 includes a compensation film 30, and the compensation film 30 includes a first liquid crystal layer 230; an elevation angle θ of the first liquid crystal molecules 231 in the first liquid crystal layer 230 is greater than or equal to 50 ° and less than or equal to 80 °, and the elevation angle refers to an angle between an optical axis of the liquid crystal molecules and the XY plane.
The present embodiment uses the compensation film 30, and a small viewing angle is obtained by the optical rotation of the compensation film 30 in cooperation with the polarizer. As shown in fig. 6, the compensation film 30 includes a first substrate 31, a first liquid crystal layer 230 and a second substrate 32, the first substrate 31 and the second substrate 32 can be made of polycarbonate or poly-p-phthalic plastic, and an alignment film (not shown in the figure) is disposed on the inner side to align the first liquid crystal layer 230, in this embodiment, positive liquid crystal molecules are used, and the long axis direction of the rod-shaped liquid crystal molecules disposed inside the first liquid crystal layer 230 is arranged at a specific tilt angle with respect to the surface direction of the thin film, and as shown in fig. 1 to 6, the elevation angle θ of the first liquid crystal molecules 231 in the first liquid crystal layer 230 is in a range of 50 ° to 80 °, which can rotate the polarization state of the obliquely-polarized light S1 by 90 °, i.e., convert the horizontally-polarized light into vertically-polarized light, or convert the vertically-polarized light into horizontally-polarized light, so that the display panel 200 can realize narrow viewing angle display and maintain the privacy state.
Note that the narrow viewing angle unit 23 includes a compensation film 30. The azimuth angle and the elevation angle of the liquid crystal molecules in the compensation film 30 are fixed. No electrode is provided in the compensation film 30, and power supply to the compensation film 30 is not required. In a scene where the peep-proof state is a normal use state, in the display module comprising the compensation film 30 and the viewing angle switching screen 24, an azimuth angle of the first liquid crystal layer 230 in the compensation film 30 is the same as an azimuth angle of the second liquid crystal layer 240 in the viewing angle switching screen 24, so that the display module achieves the peep-proof state when the viewing angle switching screen 24 is in an unpowered state, or when the viewing angle switching screen 24 is in an inoperative state. Therefore, as for the display module with the peep-proof state in the normal state, the display module has the advantages of low power consumption and energy saving. When the peep-proof state needs to be switched to the sharing state, the viewing angle switching screen 24 only needs to be powered up, so that the viewing angle switching screen 24 is in the working state. The peep-proof state is a normal use state scene, for example, a financial application scene with a high peep-proof requirement.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a viewing angle switching screen according to an embodiment of the present invention. In one possible implementation manner, as shown in fig. 1 to fig. 7, the viewing angle switching panel 24 further includes a first electrode layer 242 and a second electrode layer 243, the first electrode layer 242 is located between the second liquid crystal layer 240 and the first polarizer 22, and the second electrode layer 243 is located on a side of the second liquid crystal layer 240 away from the first polarizer 22.
Specifically, the first electrode layer 242 and the second electrode layer 243 are transparent conductive full-area electrodes, such as Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), indium Zinc Oxide (IZO), and the like, and voltages, such as a dc common voltage, are applied to the first electrode layer 242 and the second electrode layer 243, so that electric fields are generated on two sides of the second liquid crystal layer 240, and the elevation angle θ of the second liquid crystal molecules 241 is changed, such as the elevation angle θ of the second liquid crystal molecules 241 is increased, the polarization state of the second liquid crystal molecules 241 to the oblique polarization state S1 is changed, and the oblique polarization light S1 is rotated back to the original polarization state again. The polarization direction of the squint polarized light S1 is unchanged after the optical rotation through the first liquid crystal layer 230 and the second liquid crystal layer 240, both the squint polarized light S1 and the normal-view light S0 can penetrate through the second polarizer 25, and the display module 200 is in a wide-view display mode, thereby realizing a shared state.
Based on the above embodiments, with reference to fig. 7, the viewing angle switching panel 24 further includes a first switching panel substrate 244 and a second switching panel substrate 245, the first switching panel substrate 244 is located between the first electrode layer 242 and the first polarizer 22, and the second switching panel substrate 245 is located on a side of the second electrode layer 243 away from the first polarizer 22. Specifically, the first switching panel substrate 244 and the second switching panel substrate 245 may be made of glass or silicon, and have an effect of fixing liquid crystal molecules.
Based on the above embodiments, with reference to fig. 1 to 7, in the peep-proof state, the voltage difference between the first electrode layer 242 and the second electrode layer 243 is V1. In the shared state, the voltage difference between the first electrode layer 242 and the second electrode layer 243 is V2. Wherein the difference between V1 and V2 is greater than or equal to 1V.
Specifically, referring to fig. 4, the view angle switching panel 24 works in both the privacy-enhanced state and the sharing state, that is, the first electrode layer 242 and the second electrode layer 243 both provide working voltages. Tests show that the compensation film has the problem of insufficient compensation, and in the peep-proof state, a small voltage is applied between the first electrode layer 242 and the second electrode layer 243, for example, V1 is 0V to 1V, so that the second liquid crystal molecules 241 in the second liquid crystal layer 240 can be controlled to generate a small-angle torsion, and the insufficient compensation of the compensation film is compensated; meanwhile, the voltage difference V2 between the first electrode layer 242 and the second electrode layer 243 in the shared state is set to be greater than the voltage difference V1 between the first electrode layer 242 and the second electrode layer 243 in the peep-proof state, and V2-V1 is greater than or equal to 1V, and if V2 is set to be 2.0V-4V, the torsion angle of the second liquid crystal molecules 241 in the second liquid crystal layer 240 in the shared state can be increased, which is beneficial for the squint polarized light S1 to be transmitted by the second polarizer 25 after being rotated back to the original polarization state by the second liquid crystal layer 240, so that the light output rate of the display module 200 in the shared state is improved.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of another display module provided in the embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of another display module provided in the embodiment of the present invention. One possible implementation manner is shown in fig. 4-5 and 8-9, in which the narrow viewing angle unit 23 includes an auxiliary viewing angle switching panel 40, the auxiliary viewing angle switching panel 40 includes a first liquid crystal layer 230, the auxiliary viewing angle switching panel 40 further includes a third electrode layer 232 and a fourth electrode layer 233, the third electrode layer 232 is located between the first liquid crystal layer 230 and the first polarizer 22, and the fourth electrode layer 233 is located on a side of the first liquid crystal layer 230 away from the first polarizer 22.
Specifically, the narrow viewing angle unit 23 may further adopt an auxiliary viewing angle switching screen 40, and control the potential difference between the third electrode layer 232 and the fourth electrode layer 233 of the auxiliary viewing angle switching screen 40, and control the twist angle of the first liquid crystal layer 230 through an electric field, so as to realize the polarization state adjustment of the squint polarized light S1 in the peep-proof state and the shared state, and realize the narrow viewing angle display.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the viewing angle switching panel 24 further includes a first electrode layer 242 and a second electrode layer 243, the first electrode layer 242 is located between the second liquid crystal layer 240 and the first polarizer 22, and the second electrode layer 243 is located on a side of the second liquid crystal layer 240 away from the first polarizer 22; the first electrode layer 242 multiplexes the fourth electrode layer 233 as shown in fig. 8; alternatively, the third electrode layer 232 multiplexes the second electrode layer 243 as shown in fig. 9.
Specifically, the viewing angle switching screen 24 and the auxiliary viewing angle switching screen 40 multiplex an adjacent electrode layer, which can reduce the number of film layers and the thickness of the film layer of the display module 200. As shown in fig. 8, a dc driving voltage is applied to the third electrode layer 232, the first electrode layer 242/the fourth electrode layer 233, and the second electrode layer 243 respectively to assist the liquid crystal molecules in the viewing angle switching panel 40 and the liquid crystal molecules in the viewing angle switching panel 24 to twist at the same angle or different angles under the action of an electric field force, so as to switch the display module between the peep-proof state and the sharing state.
In one possible embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 8, the narrow viewing angle unit 23 is located between the display screen 21 and the viewing angle switching screen 24; in one possible embodiment, in conjunction with fig. 2 and 9, the viewing angle switching screen 24 is located between the display screen 21 and the narrow viewing angle unit 23.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, since the azimuth angle Φ of the first liquid crystal molecules 231 in the narrow viewing angle unit 23 and the azimuth angle Φ of the second liquid crystal molecules 241 in the viewing angle switching screen 24 are the same, the positions of the narrow viewing angle unit 23 and the viewing angle switching screen 24 can be changed, and the changes of the polarization states of the polarized light S0 for the normal viewing angle and the polarized light S1 for the oblique viewing angle are the same.
Fig. 10 is a relative brightness test chart of the display module in the privacy protection state according to the embodiment of the present invention, fig. 11 is a relative brightness test chart of the display module in the sharing state according to the embodiment of the present invention, fig. 12 is an energy distribution diagram of the display module in the privacy protection state, and fig. 13 is an energy distribution diagram of the display module in the sharing state. On the basis of the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 to fig. 13, along the Z direction, the optical path difference between the ordinary rays (o rays) and the extraordinary rays (e rays) in the first liquid crystal layer 230 is Δ rays, and the optical path difference between the ordinary rays (o rays) and the extraordinary rays (e rays) in the second liquid crystal layer 240 is Δ rays, which satisfies the following conditions: Δ satisfies: Δ; wherein the Z direction is perpendicular to the XY plane.
Common liquid crystal molecules are mostly uniaxial crystals, and when one polarized light passes through one uniaxial crystal, two polarized lights are formed, which is called birefringence. Generally, light whose vibration direction is perpendicular to the optical axis is called ordinary light (o light), and light whose vibration direction is parallel to the optical axis is called extraordinary light (e light). The liquid crystal has a birefringence effect, so that the propagation speeds of the o light and the e light in the liquid crystal are different, so that the phases of the o light and the e light are different when the o light and the e light are emitted, and the generated phase difference delta is different due to the difference of the optical anisotropy of the liquid crystal, so that the polarization states of the o light and the e light are influenced finally.
Wherein, the phase difference delta of the o light and the e light after passing through the liquid crystal molecules satisfies the following conditions: the phase difference δ =2 π/wavelength optical path difference Δ. The optical path difference Δ is the difference between the paths of two trains of waves propagating to a particle. The optical anisotropy of the liquid crystal molecules is Δ n, Δ n = n e -n o ，n o For ordinary refractive index, n e Is the refractive index of extraordinary rays; taking a positive liquid crystal molecule as an example, n e ＞n o I.e. indicating light in the liquid crystalHas a propagation velocity of v e ＞υ o ，υ e Is the propagation velocity of extraordinary light in the liquid crystal, upsilon 0 To increase the propagation speed of light in the liquid crystal.
An optical path difference Δ 1= Δ n × d between the ordinary light (o light) and the extraordinary light (e light) passing through the first liquid crystal layer 230 1 The optical path difference between the ordinary ray (o ray) and the extraordinary ray (e ray) passing through the second liquid crystal layer 240 is Δ 2= Δ n × d 2 Wherein d is 1 The thickness of the first liquid crystal layer 230 in the Z direction in the figure, d 2 The thickness of the second liquid crystal layer 240 in the Z direction in the figure.
By setting Δ 1= Δ 2, the thickness d1 of the first liquid crystal layer 230 and the thickness d of the second liquid crystal layer 240 2 The liquid crystal layers of the narrow viewing angle unit 23 and the viewing angle switching screen 24 are equal to each other, so that the difficulty in preparing the liquid crystal layers is reduced; meanwhile, in combination with the relationship between the phase difference δ and the optical path difference Δ, when no electric field is applied to the first liquid crystal layer 230 and/or the second liquid crystal layer 240, it can be ensured that the phase differences δ of the o light and the e light passing through the first liquid crystal layer 230 and the second liquid crystal layer 240 are the same, that is, the polarization state of the polarized light passing through the first liquid crystal layer 230 is the same as the polarization state of the polarized light passing through the second liquid crystal layer 240, which is beneficial for the display module to maintain the peep-proof state of narrow-viewing-angle display for a long time, at this time, the display module has the advantages of low power consumption and energy saving.
Further, as the optical path difference Δ is larger, the liquid crystal cell thickness is larger, the liquid crystal electrical property is poorer, and the optical loss is larger, and as shown in fig. 10 to 13, when the optical path difference Δ =500nm, 700nm, and 1000nm, the corresponding peep-proof angles are gradually reduced. Through tests, if the peep-proof angle is 45 degrees, setting the optical path difference delta 1 of the first liquid crystal layer 230 and the optical path difference delta 2 of the second liquid crystal layer 240 to be 500nm, and combining with the graph shown in fig. 10, in the peep-proof mode, the relative brightness of 45-degree brightness/0-degree brightness is 0.4%, so that the display brightness requirement of peep-proof is met; as shown in fig. 11, in the sharing mode, the relative luminance of 45 ° luminance/0 ° luminance is 3.9%, which satisfies the requirement of sharing display luminance. If only the liquid crystal layer of the viewing angle switching screen 24 is used, the optimal optical path difference Δ at the peep-proof angle of 45 degrees is 800nm; by adopting two liquid crystal layers of the narrow viewing angle unit 23 and the viewing angle switching screen 24, the optimal optical path difference at the peep-proof angle of 5 ° is 800, and since the larger Δ n is, the electrical performance of the liquid crystal is poor, by arranging two liquid crystal layers, the thicknesses of the first liquid crystal layer 230 and the second liquid crystal layer 240 can be reduced, the optical loss is reduced, the electrical performance of the liquid crystal layers is improved, and the display effect of the display module has better consistency, as shown in fig. 11 and 13.
In fig. 10 and 11, the abscissa is the peep-proof angle of the display module, and the ordinate is the relative brightness of the display module.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the invention also provides a display device. Fig. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 15, the display device includes any one of the display modules 200 provided in the above embodiments. Therefore, the display device also has the advantages of the display module 200 in the above embodiments, and the same points can be understood by referring to the explanation of the display module 200 above, which is not described again below.
The display device 300 provided in the embodiment of the present invention may be a mobile phone shown in fig. 15, and may also be any electronic product with a display function, including but not limited to the following categories: the touch screen display system comprises a television, a notebook computer, a desktop display, a tablet computer, a digital camera, an intelligent bracelet, intelligent glasses, a vehicle-mounted display, industrial control equipment, a medical display screen, a touch interaction terminal and the like, and the embodiment of the invention is not particularly limited in this respect.
Based on the foregoing embodiment, with continued reference to fig. 1-2, 4-5, and 8-9, the display device 300 according to the embodiment of the present invention further includes a backlight 26 and a third polarizer 27, both of which are located on a side of the display screen 21 away from the first polarizer 22, and the third polarizer 27 is located between the display screen 21 and the backlight 26.
The backlight 26 is used for providing light energy to the liquid crystal molecules in the display screen 21, and the third polarizer 27 transmits or blocks light emitted from the backlight 26, adjusts the pixel brightness of the display screen 21 and reproduces colors, so that human eyes can see a vivid display image.
Fig. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a backlight source according to an embodiment of the present invention. On the basis of the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 14, the backlight 26 includes the light guide plate 261, the light source 262, the reflective sheet 263, and the prism film 264. The light guide plate 261 includes a light incident end surface M0, a first guide surface M1, and a second guide surface M2, where the light incident end surface M0 is connected to the first guide surface M1 and the second guide surface M2, the second guide surface M2 is opposite to the first guide surface M1, the second guide surface M2 is located between the first guide surface and the third polarizer 27, and the first guide surface M1 is provided with a first prism-shaped structure 2610. The light source 262 is located on one side of the light incident end surface M0. The reflector 263 is disposed on a side of the light guide plate 261 far away from the third polarizer 27. The prism film 264 is located between the light guide plate 261 and the third polarizer 27, and a side surface of the prism film 264 facing the light guide plate 261 is provided with a plurality of second prism-shaped structures 2640.
The light guide plate 261 has a first guide surface M1 and a second guide surface M2 opposite to each other, and light emitted from the light source 262 enters the light guide plate 1 through the light entrance end surface M0 and is guided forward and backward along the light guide plate 1. The first guide surface M1 is provided with a plurality of first prism-shaped structures 2610 facing the reflector 263, light is guided from the light source 262 to pass through the light-incident end surface M0, and is guided between the first guide surface M1 and the second guide surface M2, and the reflected light enters the plane of the first prism-shaped structure 2610 to be reflected and then deflected to a large angle, and then is refracted by the prism surfaces of the plurality of second prism-shaped structures 2640 on the prism film 264 to be emitted vertically, so that the backlight light can be converged, and the light extraction efficiency of the positive viewing angle of the backlight source 26 can be improved.
By combining the viewing angle switching screen 24 provided in the above embodiment, a high brightness backlight source 26 with a relatively convergent viewing angle is used, so that a better peep-proof effect can be achieved.
In addition, the prism angle of the second prism-shaped structure 2640 needs to be designed to match the light guide plate 261 according to the light emitting angle of the light guide plate 261.
It is to be noted that the foregoing is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, and that various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions will now be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in greater detail by the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include other equivalent embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (14)
1. A display module, comprising:
a display screen displaying an image;
the first polaroid is positioned on the light-emitting display side of the display screen;
the narrow visual angle unit and the visual angle switching screen are both positioned on one side, far away from the display screen, of the first polarizer, the narrow visual angle unit comprises a first liquid crystal layer, the visual angle switching screen comprises a second liquid crystal layer, and liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer and liquid crystal molecules in the second liquid crystal layer have the same azimuth angle; the display screen comprises a display screen, an XY plane, a first direction and a second direction, wherein the XY plane is a plane defined by the first direction and the second direction, the azimuth angle refers to an included angle between the optical axis of liquid crystal molecules and the X direction in the XY plane, and the plane where the display screen is located is parallel to the XY plane;
and the second polaroid is positioned on one side of the narrow visual angle unit and one side of the visual angle switching screen, which are far away from the first polaroid, and has the same transmission direction with the first polaroid.
2. The display module according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer and the liquid crystal molecules in the second liquid crystal layer are both positive liquid crystals.
3. The display module of claim 1, wherein the narrow viewing angle unit comprises a compensation film comprising the first liquid crystal layer;
the elevation angle of the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer is greater than or equal to 50 degrees and less than or equal to 80 degrees, and the elevation angle refers to the included angle between the optical axis of the liquid crystal molecules and the XY plane.
4. The display module according to claim 1, wherein the viewing angle switching panel further comprises a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer, the first electrode layer is located between the second liquid crystal layer and the first polarizer, and the second electrode layer is located on a side of the second liquid crystal layer away from the first polarizer.
5. The display module of claim 4, wherein the viewing angle switching panel further comprises a first switching panel substrate and a second switching panel substrate;
the first switching screen substrate is located between the first electrode layer and the first polaroid, and the second switching screen substrate is located on one side, far away from the first polaroid, of the second electrode layer.
6. The display module according to claim 4, wherein in the privacy-protection state, the voltage difference between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer is V1;
in the shared state, the voltage difference between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer is V2;
the difference between V1 and V2 is greater than or equal to 1V.
7. The display module of claim 1, wherein the narrow viewing angle unit comprises an auxiliary viewing angle switching screen, the auxiliary viewing angle switching screen comprising the first liquid crystal layer;
the auxiliary visual angle switching screen further comprises a third electrode layer and a fourth electrode layer, the third electrode layer is located between the first liquid crystal layer and the first polaroid, and the fourth electrode layer is located at one side, far away from the first liquid crystal layer, of the first polaroid.
8. The display module according to claim 7, wherein the viewing angle switching panel further comprises a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer, the first electrode layer is located between the second liquid crystal layer and the first polarizer, and the second electrode layer is located on a side of the second liquid crystal layer away from the first polarizer;
the first electrode layer multiplexes the fourth electrode layer, or the third electrode layer multiplexes the second electrode layer.
9. The display module of claim 1, wherein the narrow viewing angle unit is located between the display screen and the viewing angle switching screen.
10. The display module of claim 1, wherein the viewing angle switching screen is located between the display screen and the narrow viewing angle unit.
11. The display module according to claim 1, wherein along the Z direction, the optical path difference between the ordinary ray and the extraordinary ray in the first liquid crystal layer is Δ 1, and the optical path difference between the ordinary ray and the extraordinary ray in the second liquid crystal layer is Δ 2, such that: Δ 1= Δ 2;
wherein the Z direction is perpendicular to the XY plane.
12. A display device, comprising the display module according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
13. The display device according to claim 12, further comprising a backlight and a third polarizer, both located on a side of the display screen remote from the first polarizer, the third polarizer being located between the display screen and the backlight.
14. The display device according to claim 13, wherein the backlight source comprises:
the light guide plate comprises a light inlet end face, a first guide surface and a second guide surface, wherein the light inlet end face is connected with the first guide surface and the second guide surface; the second guide surface is opposite to the first guide surface and is positioned between the first guide surface and the third polarizer; the first guide surface is provided with a first prismatic structure;
the light source is positioned on one side of the light inlet end surface;
the reflector plate is positioned on one side of the light guide plate, which is far away from the third polarizer;
and the prism film is positioned between the light guide plate and the third polaroid, and a plurality of second prism-shaped structures are arranged on the surface of one side, facing the light guide plate, of the prism film.
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| CN116634812A (en) * | 2023-05-31 | 2023-08-22 | 惠科股份有限公司 | Display panel and display device |
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