CN115726311A - Experimental device and experimental method for determining appropriate flow velocity of seedlings growing in river - Google Patents
Experimental device and experimental method for determining appropriate flow velocity of seedlings growing in river Download PDFInfo
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- CN115726311A CN115726311A CN202211461039.4A CN202211461039A CN115726311A CN 115726311 A CN115726311 A CN 115726311A CN 202211461039 A CN202211461039 A CN 202211461039A CN 115726311 A CN115726311 A CN 115726311A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an experimental device and an experimental method for determining the appropriate flow velocity of river-filling seedlings, wherein a downstream water tank is arranged at the downstream end of a water tank, a main branch and a branch are arranged at the upstream end of the water tank, a first upstream water tank is arranged at the upstream end of the main branch, a second upstream water tank is arranged at the upstream end of the branch, the downstream water tank is connected with the first upstream water tank through a first connecting pipe, the downstream water tank is connected with the second upstream water tank through a second connecting pipe, a seedling releasing device is arranged on the main branch, a seedling track capturing device is arranged at the junction of the main branch and the branch, and a flow velocity measuring device and a water level adjusting device are arranged in the water tank. According to the invention, the flow of the water tank is gradually adjusted, the flow velocity distribution of the corresponding position is measured, the frequency of the fry entering a downstream branch or a branch is counted, and the suitable flow velocity range required by the fry entering the branch is obtained through analysis; and by changing the convergence angle, flow, water depth and convergence ratio, the device is suitable for the gate shapes of junctions of different rivers and lakes, and provides a certain technical reference for river irrigation and seedling receiving.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological hydraulics, and particularly relates to an experimental device and an experimental method for determining the appropriate flow velocity of seedlings growing in a river.
Background
In recent years, a great deal of engineering is built in Yangtze river basin and rivers and lakes, the original hydrodynamic system of the river and lake system is damaged, the ecological environment is damaged more and more, and habitats of fish, water birds and other organisms are seriously threatened. With the emphasis of the country on ecology and the continuous deepening of the society on ecological environment research, people begin to shift more attention to the restoration of broken river and lake composite ecosystems, and river irrigation and seedling reception are one of important technical measures. The river irrigation and fry reception means that in the fry flood season, namely the period that the fry appears and is concentrated in a large amount, the gate is opened properly to change the water flow environment, so that the fry or young fishes enter the lake along or against the water to grow and fatten, and the river irrigation and fry reception method is mainly applied to lakes with natural water flow exchange blocked by gates and dams. The main means comprises forward irrigation and backward irrigation, wherein the forward irrigation means that river water enters a lake, and juvenile fishes also enter the lake along with the river water; the backward flow means that the lake water flows into the river, and the habit of the fry swimming against the water is utilized to induce the fry to flow into the lake.
The results of the current research show that: the water flow structure is an important factor influencing the movement process of fishes, the flow rate is a typical factor for distinguishing the water flow structure, metabolites, metabolic rates and the like of the fishes show different variation trends under different flow rate conditions, and the swimming state, the swimming speed, the tail swaying frequency, the tail swaying amplitude and other behaviors of the fishes are also changed. In addition, the fusion is turbulent and has various vortex sizes, and the Reynolds stress, the turbulent energy, the vortex direction and the vortex size of the water flow also influence the movement of the fishes. Therefore, in order to optimize project group joint scheduling, an appropriate flow velocity range during the process of feeding seedlings into the river needs to be determined, so that an appropriate hydrodynamic system is constructed, and the growth and the multiplication of the fish fries in the river and lake system are facilitated. Therefore, the method has important practical significance in researching the appropriate flow speed range in the period of river irrigation seedling receiving, and can provide certain theoretical support for engineering scheduling.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is as follows: aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides an experimental device and an experimental method for determining the appropriate flow velocity of seedlings growing in river, the invention counts the frequency of the seedlings entering the downstream branch or branch by gradually adjusting the flow of a water tank and measuring the flow velocity distribution of the corresponding position, and analyzes to obtain the appropriate flow velocity range required by the seedlings entering the branch; and by changing the convergence angle, flow, water depth and convergence ratio, the device is suitable for the gate shapes of junctions of different rivers and lakes, and provides a certain technical reference for river irrigation and seedling receiving.
The technical scheme is as follows: according to a first aspect, the invention provides an experimental device for determining a suitable flow rate of seedlings accommodated in river, which comprises a water tank, a fish seedling releasing device, a fish seedling track capturing device, a flow rate measuring device and a water level adjusting device, wherein a downstream water tank is arranged at the downstream end of the water tank, a main branch and a branch are arranged at the upstream end of the water tank, a first upstream water tank is arranged at the upstream end of the main branch, a second upstream water tank is arranged at the upstream end of the branch, the downstream water tank is connected with the first upstream water tank through a first connecting pipe, the downstream water tank is connected with the second upstream water tank through a second connecting pipe, the fish seedling releasing device is arranged on the main branch, the fish seedling track capturing device is arranged at the junction of the main branch and the branch, and the flow rate measuring device and the water level adjusting device are both arranged in the water tank.
Preferably, fry release includes release path, release path's bottom is equipped with deposits the fishnet, it has seted up out the fish mouth to deposit the fishnet, be equipped with the baffle on going out the fish mouth, baffle both sides limit is passed through the slide and is connected with release path, the upper portion of baffle is equipped with the gag lever post, be equipped with spacing hole on the gag lever post, the last elastic limiting block that is equipped with of release path, elastic limiting block and spacing hole buckle are connected.
Preferably, fry track capture device includes mount and camera, the camera sets up the top at the mount, the mount is equipped with anti-skidding rubber pad with ground contact department.
Preferably, the flow velocity measurement device comprises a bottom plate, a vertical plate, a mounting frame and a flow velocity measurement instrument, scale marks are arranged on the vertical plate, the vertical plate is perpendicularly arranged at one end of the bottom plate, the mounting frame is arranged on the vertical plate, the mounting plate can move up and down along the vertical plate, the flow velocity measurement instrument is arranged on the mounting frame, and a stabilizer bar is arranged between the vertical plate and the bottom plate.
Preferably, the water level adjusting device comprises a gate, a lifting bearing and an adjusting turntable, one end of the lifting bearing is connected with the gate, and the other end of the lifting bearing is connected with the adjusting turntable.
Preferably, a first valve, a first variable frequency water pump and a first flowmeter are arranged on the first connecting pipe.
Preferably, a second valve, a second variable frequency water pump and a second flowmeter are arranged on the second connecting pipe.
Preferably, a first flat water grid is arranged at the outlet of the first upstream water tank, and a second flat water grid is arranged at the outlet of the second upstream water tank.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides an experimental method for determining an appropriate flow rate of seedlings of river seedlings by using the experimental apparatus of the first aspect, including the following steps:
s1, continuously filling water into a first upstream water tank and a second upstream water tank, enabling water flow to flow into a water tank and flow out through a downstream water tank, and after the water flow is stable, putting the fry into a fry releasing device;
s2, moving the flow velocity measuring device to a position needing to be measured;
s3, opening a fry release device to enable the fry to swim downstream;
s4, opening a camera in the fry track capturing device, recording the motion track of the fry, and moving to the downstream branch or the branch of the main branch;
s5, measuring the flow velocity, and measuring the flow velocity of water flow in each area in the water tank through a flow velocity measuring device;
s6, taking out the fries from the water tank, gradually increasing the branch flow from small to large, increasing the branch flow by 1L/S every time, and repeating the steps S1-S5 to obtain a set number of sets of experimental data;
and S7, analyzing the set group number of experimental data obtained in the step S6, making a frequency-flow velocity diagram of the fry entering the branch, and determining a corresponding appropriate flow velocity range by taking the frequency of the fry entering the branch as a threshold value, wherein the frequency of the fry entering the branch is more than 60%.
Preferably, the relationship between the flow velocity V and the influencing factor is as follows:
wherein V is the flow rate; a. a is 1 、b、b 1 、c、c 1 、d、d 1 、e、e 1 C is a constant and can be obtained by fitting experimental data; l is fry body length, M is fry weight, S is water flow turbulence intensity and W vortex size, and q is a confluence ratio, namely the ratio of branch flow to total flow of downstream after confluence.
Has the advantages that: 1) The invention provides an experimental device and an experimental method for determining the appropriate flow velocity of seedlings growing in river, which are used for counting the results of the seedlings entering a downstream branch and a branch, measuring the flow velocity distribution at a junction and obtaining the appropriate flow velocity range required by the seedlings entering the branch; the convergence angle, flow, water depth and convergence ratio can be changed, and the device is suitable for gate forms of various river and lake convergence positions;
2) The experimental device can change various parameters such as flow velocity, water depth, convergence angle, fry quantity and the like, realizes the simulation experiment of the proper flow velocity of the fishes during the on-site river irrigation and fry receiving period, and has convenient experiment, low manufacturing cost and intuitive result;
3) According to the invention, a high-precision flow velocity measurement technology and a statistical method are utilized, the appropriate flow velocity range required by the fry entering the branch is effectively obtained through simulation, and a certain technical reference is provided for the implementation of the seedlings in the river irrigation;
4) The fry releasing device realizes the setting of different positions, fry numbers and sizes, fry can adapt to the water flow environment in the fish net, the simulation result is accurate, and various experimental working conditions can be freely combined.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the experimental apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a fry releasing device;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a fry trajectory capturing device;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a flow rate measuring device;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a structure of a water level adjusting device;
number in the figure: 1. a main branch; 2. a branch; 3. a first upstream tank; 4. a second upstream tank; 5. a downstream water tank; 6. a first connecting pipe; 7. a second connection pipe; 8. a first variable frequency water pump; 9. a second variable frequency water pump; 10. a first valve; 11. a second valve; 12. a first flow meter; 13. a second flow meter; 14. a first horizontal grid; 15. a second horizontal grid; 16. a fry releasing device; 17. a fry track capturing device; 18. a flow velocity measuring device; 19. a water level adjusting device; 20. a release channel; 21. storing a fish net; 22. a fish outlet; 23. a baffle plate; 24. a slideway; 25. a limiting hole; 26. a fixed mount; 27. an anti-skid rubber pad; 28. a camera; 29. a base plate; 30. a stabilizer bar; 31. a vertical plate; 32. a mounting frame; 33. scale lines; 34. a gate; 35. a lifting bearing; 36. adjusting the turntable; 37. a water tank; 38. an elastic limiting block; 39. and (4) a flow velocity measuring instrument.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the following figures and specific examples:
example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, an experimental apparatus for determining a suitable flow rate of a young fish accommodated in a river comprises a water tank 37, a young fish releasing device 16, a young fish track capturing device 17, a flow rate measuring device 18 and a water level adjusting device 19, wherein a downstream water tank 5 is arranged at a downstream end of the water tank 37, a main branch 1 and a branch 2 are arranged at an upstream end of the water tank 37, a first upstream water tank 3 is arranged at an upstream end of the main branch 1, and a second upstream water tank 4 is arranged at an upstream end of the branch 2; the downstream water tank 5 is connected with the first upstream water tank 3 through a first connecting pipe 7, the downstream water tank 5 is connected with the second upstream water tank 4 through a second connecting pipe 7, and the upstream water tank and the downstream water tank 5 are communicated through the connecting pipes, so that water flow can circularly flow in the water tank 37, and the water flow stability of the water tank 37 is ensured; fry release 16 sets up on main branch 1, fry orbit trapping apparatus 17 sets up in main branch 1 and branch 2 department of converging, velocity of flow measuring device 18 and water level regulating device 19 all set up in basin 37, fry release 16 and velocity of flow measuring device 18 can follow basin 37 horizontal migration.
Above-mentioned fry release 16 includes release passage 20, release passage 20's bottom is equipped with deposits fishnet 21, deposits fishnet 21 and can adopt the nylon wire preparation, deposit fishnet 21 and seted up out fish mouth 22, be equipped with baffle 23 on going out fish mouth 22, 23 both sides limit of baffle passes through slide 24 and is connected with release passage 20, and slide 24 slides can be followed to baffle 23, the upper portion of baffle 23 is equipped with the gag lever post, be equipped with spacing hole 25 on the gag lever post, be equipped with elastic limiting block 38 on the release passage 20, elastic limiting block 38 is connected with spacing hole 25 buckle.
The fry track capturing device 17 comprises a fixed frame 26 and a camera 28, wherein the camera 28 is arranged at the top of the fixed frame 26, and an anti-skid rubber pad 27 is arranged at the contact position of the fixed frame 26 and the ground.
The flow velocity measuring device 18 comprises a bottom plate 29, a vertical plate 31, a mounting frame 32 and a flow velocity measuring instrument 39, wherein the vertical plate 31 is provided with a scale mark 33, and the measuring point position of the flow velocity measuring instrument 39 can be determined through the scale mark 33; the vertical plate 31 sets up the one end at bottom plate 29 perpendicularly, mounting bracket 32 sets up on vertical plate 31, and mounting bracket 32 can follow vertical plate 31 and reciprocate, and is concrete, can set up the several bolt hole along vertical direction on vertical plate 31, at the tip construction bolt of mounting bracket 32, makes mounting bracket 32 vertical plate 31 relatively reciprocate through the cooperation of bolt and bolt hole, and ADV velocity of flow measuring instrument 39 sets up on mounting bracket 32, be equipped with stabilizer bar 30 between vertical plate 31 and the bottom plate 29.
The water level adjusting device 19 comprises a gate 34, a lifting bearing 35 and an adjusting turntable 36, wherein one end of the lifting bearing 35 is connected with the gate 34, the other end of the lifting bearing is connected with the adjusting turntable 36, the lifting bearing 35 can be driven to move up and down by rotating the adjusting turntable 36, and the height of the gate 34 is further adjusted to control the water level of the water tank 37.
The first connecting pipe 6 is provided with a first valve 10, a first variable frequency water pump 8 and a first flowmeter 12.
And a second valve 11, a second variable frequency water pump 9 and a second flowmeter 13 are arranged on the second connecting pipe 7.
A first flat water grid 14 is arranged at the outlet of the first upstream water tank 3, and a second flat water grid 15 is arranged at the outlet of the second upstream water tank 4, so as to further stabilize the water flow of the water tank 37.
Example 2
An experimental method for determining the appropriate flow velocity of seedlings of river seedlings comprises the following steps:
s1, opening a water inlet pipe to enable a first upstream water tank 3 and a second upstream water tank 4 to be continuously filled with water, opening a first variable frequency water pump 8 and a second variable frequency water pump 9, adjusting a first valve 10 and a first valve 11 to set flow, adjusting the water level to a required height through an adjusting turntable 32, enabling water flow to circularly flow in a water tank 37, sliding a baffle 23 in a fry releasing device 16 to the bottommost end after the water flow is stabilized, enabling the baffle 23 to completely shield a fish outlet 22, and putting the fries into a releasing channel 20 to enter a fish storage net 21;
s2, moving the flow velocity measuring device 18 to a required measuring position, adjusting the mounting frame 32, and adjusting the ADV flow velocity measuring instrument 39 to a set water depth through the scale marks 33 on the vertical plate 31;
s3, after the fry is adapted to a water flow environment, opening the baffle 23 to enable the fry to flow downstream through the fry outlet 22;
s4, measuring the flow velocity, and moving the bottom plate 29 to measure the flow velocity of water flow in each area in the water tank;
s5, opening a camera 28 in the fry track capturing device, recording the motion track of the fry, and leading the fry to the downstream of the water tank 37 or the branch 2;
s6, taking out the fries from the water tank 37, gradually increasing the flow of the branch 2 from small to large, increasing the flow by 1L/S every time, and repeating the steps S1-S5 to obtain experimental data with a set number of groups;
and S7, analyzing the set group number of experimental data obtained in the step S6, making a frequency-flow velocity diagram of the fries entering the branch 2, and determining a corresponding appropriate flow velocity range by taking the frequency of the fries entering the branch 2 larger than 60% as a threshold value.
The invention summarizes the response relation of predecessors about fish and water flow velocity to obtain: fry growthL) Weight (b), weight (b)M) Intensity of turbulence in water flow: (S) And vortex size: (W) Is closely related to the movement of fish. In a riverThe flow ratio q of the two branch incoming flows at the junction of the two branches is one of the factors mainly affecting the structure of the water flow. Based on this, the invention proposes the relation between the suitable flow rate of the fish and the influencing factors:
wherein, a 1 、b、b 1 、c、c 1 、d、d 1 、e、e 1 C is a constant and is obtained by fitting an experimental result; the length L and the weight M of the fry are obtained through measurement; turbulent intensity of water flowSCalculated according to the SVP assumption proposed by the professor Goodwin, S is the total hydraulic strain, i.e. the sum of the absolute values of the gradients of the velocity in all directions in a three-dimensional coordinate system,
，x i are the three directions of the coordinate system and,u i is the flow velocity value corresponding to the coordinate direction;Vthe flow velocity value of each point can be obtained by measuring through an ADV instrument for measuring the average flow velocity of the area; q is the flow convergence ratio, i.e. q = branched flow/total flow downstream after convergence.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an experimental apparatus of suitable velocity of flow of seedling is received to definite river of irritating which characterized in that: the fry track capturing device comprises a water tank (37), a fry releasing device (16), a fry track capturing device (17), a flow velocity measuring device (18) and a water level adjusting device (19), wherein a downstream water tank (5) is arranged at the downstream end of the water tank (37), a main branch (1) and a branch (2) are arranged at the upstream end of the water tank (37), a first upstream water tank (3) is arranged at the upstream end of the main branch (1), a second upstream water tank (4) is arranged at the upstream end of the branch (2), the downstream water tank (5) is connected with the first upstream water tank (3) through a first connecting pipe (7), the downstream water tank (5) is connected with the second upstream water tank (4) through a second connecting pipe (7), the fry releasing device (16) is arranged on the main branch (1), the fry track capturing device (17) is arranged at the position where the main branch (1) and the branch (2) converge, and the flow velocity measuring device (18) and the water level adjusting device (19) are both arranged in the water tank (37).
2. The experimental device for determining the appropriate flow rate of the seedlings of river seedlings according to claim 1, wherein: fry release (16) are including release passage (20), the bottom of release passage (20) is equipped with deposits fishnet (21), deposit fishnet (21) and seted up out fish mouth (22), be equipped with baffle (23) on fish mouth (22), baffle (23) both sides limit is connected with release passage (20) through slide (24), the upper portion of baffle (23) is equipped with the gag lever post, be equipped with spacing hole (25) on the gag lever post, be equipped with elasticity stopper (38) on release passage (20), elasticity stopper (38) are connected with spacing hole (25) buckle.
3. The experimental device for determining the appropriate flow rate of the seedlings of river seedlings according to claim 1, wherein: fry track capture device (17) include mount (26) and camera (28), camera (28) set up the top at mount (26), mount (26) and ground contact department are equipped with anti-skidding rubber pad (27).
4. The experimental device for determining the appropriate flow rate of the seedlings of Yangtze river according to claim 1, wherein: flow velocity measurement device (18) include bottom plate (29), vertical board (31), mounting bracket (32) and flow velocity measurement appearance (39), be equipped with scale mark (33) on vertical board (31), vertical board (31) set up the one end at bottom plate (29) perpendicularly, mounting bracket (32) set up on vertical board (31), and mounting bracket (32) can follow vertical board (31) and reciprocate, flow velocity measurement appearance (39) set up on mounting bracket (32), be equipped with stabilizer bar (30) between vertical board (31) and bottom plate (29).
5. The experimental device for determining the appropriate flow rate of the seedlings of river seedlings according to claim 1, wherein: the water level adjusting device (19) comprises a gate (34), a lifting bearing (35) and an adjusting turntable (36), one end of the lifting bearing (35) is connected with the gate (34), and the other end of the lifting bearing is connected with the adjusting turntable (36).
6. The experimental device for determining the appropriate flow rate of the seedlings of river seedlings according to claim 1, wherein: and a first valve (10), a first variable frequency water pump (8) and a first flowmeter (12) are arranged on the first connecting pipe (6).
7. The experimental device for determining the appropriate flow rate of the seedlings of Yangtze river according to claim 1, wherein: and a second valve (11), a second variable-frequency water pump (9) and a second flowmeter (13) are arranged on the second connecting pipe (7).
8. The experimental device for determining the appropriate flow rate of the seedlings of river seedlings according to claim 1, wherein: and a first horizontal grating (14) is arranged at the outlet of the first upstream water tank (3), and a second horizontal grating (15) is arranged at the outlet of the second upstream water tank (4).
9. An experimental method for determining a suitable flow rate of seedlings growing in a river by using the experimental device of any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the following steps:
s1, continuously filling a first upstream water tank (3) and a second upstream water tank (4) with water, enabling water flow to flow into a water tank (37) and flow out through a downstream water tank (5), and after the water flow is stable, putting the fry into a fry releasing device (16);
s2, moving the flow velocity measuring device (18) to a required measuring position;
s3, opening a fry release device (16) to enable the fry to swim to the downstream;
s4, opening a camera (28) in the fry track capturing device (17), recording the motion track of the fry, and moving to the downstream or branch (2) of the main branch (1);
s5, measuring the flow rate, and measuring the flow rate of water flow in each area in the water tank (37) through a flow rate measuring device (18);
s6, taking out the fries from the water tank (37), gradually increasing the flow of the branch (2) from small to large, increasing the flow by 1L/S every time, and repeating the steps S1-S5 to obtain experimental data with a set number of groups;
and S7, analyzing the set group number of experimental data obtained in the step S6, making a frequency-flow velocity diagram of the fry entering branch (2), and determining a corresponding appropriate flow velocity range by taking the frequency of the fry entering branch (2) larger than 60% as a threshold value.
10. The experimental method for determining the appropriate flow rate of the seedlings of Yangtze river according to claim 9, wherein the relationship between the flow rate V and the influencing factors is as follows:
wherein V is the flow rate; a. a is 1 、b、b 1 、c、c 1 、d、d 1 、e、e 1 C is a constant and is obtained by fitting experimental data; l is fry body length, M is fry weight, S is water flow turbulence intensity and W vortex size, and q is a confluence ratio, namely the ratio of branch flow to total flow of downstream after confluence.
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| CN202211461039.4A CN115726311A (en) | 2022-11-17 | 2022-11-17 | Experimental device and experimental method for determining appropriate flow velocity of seedlings growing in river |
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| CN202211461039.4A CN115726311A (en) | 2022-11-17 | 2022-11-17 | Experimental device and experimental method for determining appropriate flow velocity of seedlings growing in river |
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