CN115725879B - High-conductivity aluminum alloy wire and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-conductivity aluminum alloy wire and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-conductivity aluminum alloy wire and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of aluminum alloy wires. According to the invention, the conductivity and the heat resistance of the aluminum alloy are improved by optimizing the component content and adding rare earth elements La and Ce; the invention also provides the aluminum alloy wire and the preparation method thereof, the comprehensive mechanical property of the alloy is improved through the process of combining pre-aging and aging, the influence of rare earth element addition on the mechanical property is reduced, the preparation period of the aluminum alloy wire is shortened, and the energy is saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy wires, and particularly relates to a high-conductivity aluminum alloy wire and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Aiming at long-distance transmission, the loss of the line is increased, and the construction of an energy-saving power grid is proposed by the national power grid company. While developing extra-high voltage, the requirement on overhead transmission wires is higher, and low loss, large capacity and robustness are required. This requires a high electrical conductivity and heat resistance of the transmission line conductor material. The high-conductivity power transmission conductor material can reduce line loss, improve power transmission efficiency, improve allowable operating temperature of a power transmission line, and improve limit transmission capacity (allowable current-carrying capacity) so as to ensure high capacity and firmness of the power transmission line.
Currently, three main aluminum alloy wires have been widely used for long-distance transmission lines: (1) A steel-cored aluminum stranded wire with a high-strength steel wire as a wire core and an aluminum alloy wire stranded at the outer layer; (2) Aluminum alloy wires are used as wire cores, and aluminum alloy core aluminum stranded wires with outer layers being stranded round aluminum wires are used as outer layers; (3) All wires are all aluminum alloy stranded wires formed by the same aluminum alloy. In view of cost and conductivity, steel-cored aluminum stranded wires are still a very cost-effective option, but with the problem of long-distance transportation power loss, there is a need for high-conductivity aluminum alloy wires.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention relates to a high-conductivity aluminum alloy wire and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of aluminum alloy wires. According to the invention, the conductivity and the heat resistance of the aluminum alloy are improved by optimizing the component content and adding rare earth elements La and Ce; the invention also provides the aluminum alloy wire and the preparation method thereof, the comprehensive mechanical property of the alloy is improved through the process of combining pre-aging and aging, the influence of rare earth element addition on the mechanical property is reduced, the preparation period of the aluminum alloy wire is shortened, and the energy is saved.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme:
the high-conductivity aluminum alloy wire is formed by twisting a high-conductivity aluminum alloy single wire and an aluminum-clad invar core, and the high-conductivity aluminum alloy single wire comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
s i, 0.01-0.04%, fe:0.05-0.15%, cu:0.001-0.003%, B:0.01-0.05%, mg:0.001-0.003%, zn:0.005-0.01%, cr:0.001-0.005%, mn:0.001-0.005%, V:0.001-0.005%, T i:0.001-0.005%, la:0.005-0.02%, ce:0.001-0.02%, and the rest impurities: 0.001-0.015 percent, and the balance A l;
the conductivity of the high-conductivity aluminum alloy single wire is more than or equal to 62.5% IACS, and the direct current resistance of the high-conductivity aluminum alloy wire at 20 ℃: JL3/LB 20A-630/45-45/7.ltoreq. 0.0442 Ω/km.
On one hand, the rare earth elements La and Ce react with the elements S i and Fe to generate new compounds, so that S i and Fe are converted from a solid solution state to a precipitation state and are gathered at a grain boundary, the hydrogen content and the porosity of the aluminum alloy wire are reduced, and the conductivity and the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy wire are improved.
On the other hand, rare earth elements La and Ce react with impurity elements to generate second phases which are dispersed and distributed, so that the number of crystal nuclei in the aluminum crystallization process is increased, the effect of non-spontaneous nucleation is achieved, crystal grains are refined, and the second phases with high melting points have good thermal stability and heat resistance; the rare earth element is a surface active element substance, so that the surface defect of an aluminum alloy phase is easily filled, the tension of a solid-liquid interface of a melt is reduced, and the nucleation rate is accelerated; the rare earth is enriched at the front edge of the solid/liquid interface to form a surface active film, so that the surface active film can prevent alpha (A l) crystal grains from growing, thereby further promoting the refinement of the crystal grains and playing a role in strengthening fine grains; in addition, the generated second phases in a dispersed distribution generate pinning dislocation, so that recovery and recrystallization of aluminum are hindered, and the heat resistance of the aluminum is improved by improving the recrystallization temperature of the aluminum. And fine precipitated phases are uniformly distributed on the sub-crystal grain boundaries, the sub-crystal size is controlled, and the continuous growth of crystal grains is prevented, so that the heat resistance of the alloy is improved.
The preparation method of the high-conductivity aluminum alloy wire comprises the following operation steps:
step one: after melting an aluminum ingot, adding S i-containing raw materials, fe-containing raw materials, cu-containing raw materials, B-containing raw materials, mg-containing raw materials, zn-containing raw materials, cr-containing raw materials, mn-containing raw materials, V-containing raw materials, T i-containing raw materials, la-containing raw materials and Ce-containing raw materials at 755-765 ℃ to obtain an aluminum liquid;
step two: stirring the aluminum liquid obtained in the step one, and then alloying; adding a slag remover to remove slag, standing for 15-20min, and cooling to obtain aluminum alloy;
step three: pre-aging the aluminum alloy obtained in the step two at 175 ℃ for 75-240min; casting and rolling to obtain an aluminum rod;
step four: aging the aluminum rod in an aging furnace at 420-450 ℃ for 2-3 days;
step five: placing the aluminum rod subjected to the aging treatment in the fourth step for 24 hours, and then drawing wires to obtain a high-conductivity aluminum alloy single wire;
step six: and D, twisting the high-conductivity aluminum alloy single wire obtained in the step five with an aluminum-coated invar core to obtain the high-conductivity aluminum alloy wire.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the alloying temperature in the second step is 755-760 ℃ and the time is 10-20min.
As a preferable mode of the invention, in the third step, the diameter of the aluminum rod is 9.5mm.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, in the fifth step, the wire drawing is performed on a high-speed molded line wire drawing machine table, the speed of the wire drawing machine is 12m/s, and the temperature of wire drawing oil is controlled to be 50 ℃.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, in the twisting process in the step six, each coil wire used in the twisting process needs to be adjusted to have the same tension, and the tension value is 25% of the single wire breaking force of the aluminum alloy.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the twisting process in the step six is also required to be pretwisted, the strength loss after pretwisting is controlled to be in the range of 3N-8N, and the pretwisting angle is controlled to be below 30 degrees.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the distance between the doubling die and the deconcentrator is regulated in the twisting process in the step six and is controlled to be 25cm-30cm.
The pre-aging is an aging method for aging treatment before plastic working, the size, shape, distribution and orientation of a precipitated phase can be regulated and controlled through the processes of underaging, peak aging, overaging and the like, and the precipitated phase has important effect of improving the material structure and performance in the subsequent working deformation process. The precipitated phase provided by the pre-aging provides a nucleation core for dynamic recrystallization in the subsequent plastic working deformation process, promotes dynamic recrystallization, refines grains, activates non-basal plane slip, weakens basal plane texture, and the grain boundary precipitated phase can obviously inhibit grain growth, effectively prevent dislocation movement, and can also increase dislocation accumulation and small-angle grain boundaries. In addition, increasing the content of precipitated phases can reduce the grain size, inhibit nucleation and growth of {10-12} stretching twin crystals, and increase the contents of {10-11} compression twin crystals and {10-11} - {10-12} twin crystals, wherein the twin crystals increase the nucleation core of dynamic recrystallization, change the grain orientation, and further greatly improve the strength, yield stress and peak stress of the alloy.
The pre-ageing time is an important factor affecting the precipitated phase. The precipitated phase is precipitated in discontinuous and continuous modes near the grain boundary and in the crystal grain, the precipitated phase is increased along with the extension of the pre-ageing time, the recrystallized nucleation core is increased, the crystal grain is finer, and the distribution is more diffuse.
The pre-ageing temperature also influences the precipitated phase compared to the pre-ageing time. When the aluminum alloy is preaging at low temperature, the precipitated phase is discontinuously precipitated along the vicinity of the grain boundary, the preaging time and the preaging temperature are adjusted, and the precipitated phase is not obviously changed; when the aluminum alloy is preaging at high temperature, the precipitation speed of the precipitated phase is increased, crystal grains are easy to grow up, the distribution is more concentrated, the nucleation speed is increased when the temperature is higher, and the growth of the precipitated phase of the first nucleation and the second nucleation is respectively slowed down and inhibited, so that a single coarse precipitated phase structure is formed. As the pre-ageing temperature increases, the precipitated phase tends to coarsen. After the aluminum alloy is pre-aged for 12 hours at the temperature of 100-220 ℃, the atomic activity is lower when the aluminum alloy is pre-aged at a low temperature, and the precipitated phase is preferentially precipitated at a grain boundary; the same phenomenon was found also for the alloy with a short-time pre-aging { (225-300 ℃) x 30 min } at high temperatures, i.e., as the pre-aging temperature increased, the precipitated phase gradually increased and coarsened, developing from grain boundaries into grains and throughout the entire grains. The pre-ageing time obviously influences the content and distribution of the precipitated phases, the pre-ageing temperature influences the precipitation speed and the growth speed of the precipitated phases, and the content, the distribution and the refinement degree of the precipitated phases can further influence the alloy structure.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the high-conductivity aluminum alloy wire provided by the invention, rare earth elements La and Ce are added into the aluminum material, and on one hand, the rare earth elements La and Ce react with elements S i and Fe to generate new compounds, so that S i and Fe are converted from a solid solution state to a precipitation state and are gathered at a grain boundary, the hydrogen content and the porosity of the aluminum alloy wire are reduced, the conductivity and the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy wire are improved, and according to experiments, the loss can be reduced by 3.8% compared with a common steel-cored aluminum wire by adopting the high-conductivity aluminum alloy wire, the electric energy is greatly saved, and the economic benefit is self-evident for power transmission enterprises; on the other hand, rare earth elements La and Ce react with impurity elements to generate second phases which are in dispersion distribution, fine precipitated phases are uniformly distributed on a sub-crystal grain boundary, the sub-crystal size is controlled, and the continuous growth of crystal grains is prevented, so that the heat resistance of the alloy is improved;
2. in the preparation method of the high-conductivity aluminum alloy wire, 75-240min is subjected to pre-ageing treatment at 175 ℃, twin crystals can be generated after the pre-ageing treatment and rolling, non-basal plane slip is activated, dynamic recrystallization is promoted, grains are refined, the structure is improved, the comprehensive mechanical property of the alloy is improved, and the influence of rare earth element addition on the mechanical property is reduced;
3. according to the preparation method of the high-conductivity aluminum alloy wire, provided by the invention, the aging time in the existing process of the aluminum alloy wire is shortened through the process of combining pre-aging and aging, the preparation period of the aluminum alloy wire is shortened, and the energy is saved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The high-conductivity aluminum alloy wire is formed by twisting a high-conductivity aluminum alloy single wire and an aluminum-clad invar core, and the high-conductivity aluminum alloy single wire comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
s i, 0.014%, fe:0.062%, cu:0.003%, B:0.012%, mg:0.003%, zn:0.009%, cr:0.005%, mn:0.004%, V:0.005%, T i:0.005%, la:0.005%, ce:0.003%, the remaining impurities: 0.014% and the balance of Al.
The preparation method of the high-conductivity aluminum alloy wire comprises the following operation steps:
step one: after melting an aluminum ingot, adding S i-containing raw materials, fe-containing raw materials, cu-containing raw materials, B-containing raw materials, mg-containing raw materials, zn-containing raw materials, cr-containing raw materials, mn-containing raw materials, V-containing raw materials, T i-containing raw materials, la-containing raw materials and Ce-containing raw materials at 755 ℃ to obtain an aluminum liquid;
step two: stirring the aluminum liquid obtained in the step one, and then alloying for 10 min at 755 ℃; adding a slag remover to remove slag, standing for 15 min, and cooling to obtain aluminum alloy;
step three: pre-aging the aluminum alloy obtained in the step two at 175 ℃ for 75 min; casting and rolling into an aluminum rod with the diameter of 9.5 mm;
step four: aging the aluminum rod in an aging furnace at 420 ℃ for 2 days;
step five: and (3) placing the aluminum rod prepared in the step four for 24 hours, and then carrying out wire drawing to obtain a high-conductivity aluminum alloy single wire, wherein the speed of a wire drawing machine is 12m/s, and the temperature of wire drawing oil is controlled to be 50 ℃.
Step six: and D, twisting the high-conductivity aluminum alloy single wire obtained in the step five with an aluminum-coated invar core to obtain the high-conductivity aluminum alloy wire.
Example 2
The high-conductivity aluminum alloy wire is formed by twisting a high-conductivity aluminum alloy single wire and an aluminum-clad invar core, and the high-conductivity aluminum alloy single wire comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
s i, 0.017%, fe:0.089%, cu:0.002%, B:0.018%, mg:0.003%, zn:0.007%, cr:0.004%, mn:0.004%, V:0.003%, T i:0.004%, la:0.008%, ce:0.005%, the remaining impurities: 0.011%, the balance being Al.
The preparation method of the high-conductivity aluminum alloy wire comprises the following operation steps:
step one: after melting an aluminum ingot, adding S i-containing raw materials, fe-containing raw materials, cu-containing raw materials, B-containing raw materials, mg-containing raw materials, zn-containing raw materials, cr-containing raw materials, mn-containing raw materials, V-containing raw materials, T i-containing raw materials, la-containing raw materials and Ce-containing raw materials at 757 ℃ to obtain an aluminum liquid;
step two: stirring the aluminum liquid obtained in the step one, and then alloying at 756 ℃ for 12 min; adding a slag remover to remove slag, standing for 16 min, and cooling to obtain aluminum alloy;
step three: pre-aging the aluminum alloy obtained in the step two at 175 ℃ for 100 min; casting and rolling into an aluminum rod with the diameter of 9.5 mm;
step four: aging the aluminum rod in an aging furnace at 428 ℃ for 2 days;
step five: and (3) placing the aluminum rod prepared in the step four for 24 hours, and then carrying out wire drawing to obtain a high-conductivity aluminum alloy single wire, wherein the speed of a wire drawing machine is 12m/s, and the temperature of wire drawing oil is controlled to be 50 ℃.
Step six: and D, twisting the high-conductivity aluminum alloy single wire obtained in the step five with an aluminum-coated invar core to obtain the high-conductivity aluminum alloy wire.
Example 3
The high-conductivity aluminum alloy wire is formed by twisting a high-conductivity aluminum alloy single wire and an aluminum-clad invar core, and the high-conductivity aluminum alloy single wire comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
s i, 0.23%, fe:0.097%, cu:0.002%, B:0.027%, mg:0.002%, zn:0.006%, cr:0.003%, mn:0.002%, V:0.003%, T i:0.003%, la:0.012%, ce:0.011%, the remaining impurities: 0.007%, the balance being Al.
The preparation method of the high-conductivity aluminum alloy wire comprises the following operation steps:
step one: after melting an aluminum ingot, adding S i-containing raw materials, fe-containing raw materials, cu-containing raw materials, B-containing raw materials, mg-containing raw materials, zn-containing raw materials, cr-containing raw materials, mn-containing raw materials, V-containing raw materials, T i-containing raw materials, la-containing raw materials and Ce-containing raw materials at 759 ℃ to obtain an aluminum liquid;
step two: stirring the aluminum liquid obtained in the step one, and alloying at 757 ℃ for 14 min; adding a slag remover to remove slag, standing for 17 min, and cooling to obtain aluminum alloy;
step three: pre-aging the aluminum alloy obtained in the step two at 175 ℃ for 125mi < n >; casting and rolling into an aluminum rod with the diameter of 9.5 mm;
step four: aging the aluminum rod in an aging furnace at 435 ℃ for 2.5 days;
step five: and (3) placing the aluminum rod prepared in the step four for 24 hours, and then carrying out wire drawing to obtain a high-conductivity aluminum alloy single wire, wherein the speed of a wire drawing machine is 12m/s, and the temperature of wire drawing oil is controlled to be 50 ℃.
Step six: and D, twisting the high-conductivity aluminum alloy single wire obtained in the step five with an aluminum-coated invar core to obtain the high-conductivity aluminum alloy wire.
Example 4
The high-conductivity aluminum alloy wire is formed by twisting a high-conductivity aluminum alloy single wire and an aluminum-clad invar core, and the high-conductivity aluminum alloy single wire comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
s i, 0.031%, fe:0.126%, cu:0.002%, B:0.041%, mg:0.001%, zn:0.004%, cr:0.001%, mn:0.001%, V:0.002%, T i:0.002%, la:0.014%, ce:0.013%, the remaining impurities: 0.005% and the balance of Al.
The preparation method of the high-conductivity aluminum alloy wire comprises the following operation steps:
step one: after melting an aluminum ingot, adding S i-containing raw materials, fe-containing raw materials, cu-containing raw materials, B-containing raw materials, mg-containing raw materials, zn-containing raw materials, cr-containing raw materials, mn-containing raw materials, V-containing raw materials, T i-containing raw materials, la-containing raw materials and Ce-containing raw materials at 762 ℃ to obtain an aluminum liquid;
step two: stirring the aluminum liquid obtained in the step one, and alloying for 15 min at 758 ℃; adding a slag remover to remove slag, standing for 18 min, and cooling to obtain aluminum alloy;
step three: pre-aging the aluminum alloy obtained in the step two at 175 ℃ for 160 min; casting and rolling into an aluminum rod with the diameter of 9.5 mm;
step four: aging the aluminum rod in an aging furnace at 440 ℃ for 2.5 days;
step five: and (3) placing the aluminum rod prepared in the step four for 24 hours, and then carrying out wire drawing to obtain a high-conductivity aluminum alloy single wire, wherein the speed of a wire drawing machine is 12m/s, and the temperature of wire drawing oil is controlled to be 50 ℃.
Step six: and D, twisting the high-conductivity aluminum alloy single wire obtained in the step five with an aluminum-coated invar core to obtain the high-conductivity aluminum alloy wire.
Example 5
The high-conductivity aluminum alloy wire is formed by twisting a high-conductivity aluminum alloy single wire and an aluminum-clad invar core, and the high-conductivity aluminum alloy single wire comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
s i, 0.036%, fe:0.153%, cu:0.001%, B:0.049%, mg:0.001%, zn:0.002%, cr:0.001%, mn:0.001%, V:0.001%, T i:0.001%, la:0.017%, ce:0.019%, the remaining impurities: 0.002%, the balance being Al.
The preparation method of the high-conductivity aluminum alloy wire comprises the following operation steps:
step one: after melting an aluminum ingot, adding S i-containing raw materials, fe-containing raw materials, cu-containing raw materials, B-containing raw materials, mg-containing raw materials, zn-containing raw materials, cr-containing raw materials, mn-containing raw materials, V-containing raw materials, T i-containing raw materials, la-containing raw materials and Ce-containing raw materials at 765 ℃ to obtain an aluminum liquid;
step two: stirring the aluminum liquid obtained in the step one, and then alloying at 760 ℃ for 20 min; adding a slag remover to remove slag, standing for 20min, and cooling to obtain aluminum alloy;
step three: pre-aging the aluminum alloy obtained in the step two at 175 ℃ for 240min; casting and rolling into an aluminum rod with the diameter of 9.5 mm;
step four: aging the aluminum rod in an aging furnace at 450 ℃ for 3 days;
step five: and (3) placing the aluminum rod prepared in the step four for 24 hours, and then carrying out wire drawing to obtain a high-conductivity aluminum alloy single wire, wherein the speed of a wire drawing machine is 12m/s, and the temperature of wire drawing oil is controlled to be 50 ℃.
Step six: and D, twisting the high-conductivity aluminum alloy single wire obtained in the step five with an aluminum-coated invar core to obtain the high-conductivity aluminum alloy wire.
Comparative example 1
A high-conductivity aluminum alloy wire, which is formed by twisting a high-conductivity aluminum alloy single wire and an aluminum-clad invar core, wherein the high-conductivity aluminum alloy single wire comprises the following components (compared with the embodiment 5, the components La and Ce are not included):
s i, 0.036%, fe:0.153%, cu:0.001%, B:0.049%, mg:0.001%, zn:0.002%, cr:0.001%, mn:0.001%, V:0.001%, T i:0.001%, the remaining impurities: 0.002%, the balance A l.
The preparation method is the same as that of example 5.
Comparative example 2
Compared with the embodiment 5, the preparation method of the high-conductivity aluminum alloy wire does not provide pre-ageing, prolongs the ageing time, and comprises the following operation steps:
step one: after melting the aluminum ingot, adding alloy elements according to the embodiment 5 at 765 ℃ to obtain aluminum liquid;
step two: stirring the aluminum liquid obtained in the step one, and then alloying at 760 ℃ for 20 min; adding a slag remover to remove slag, standing for 20min, and cooling to obtain aluminum alloy;
step three: casting and rolling the aluminum alloy obtained in the step two into an aluminum rod with the diameter of 9.5 mm;
step four: aging the aluminum rod in an aging furnace at 450 ℃ for 7 days;
step five: and (3) placing the aluminum rod prepared in the step four for 24 hours, and then carrying out wire drawing to obtain a high-conductivity aluminum alloy single wire, wherein the speed of a wire drawing machine is 12m/s, and the temperature of wire drawing oil is controlled to be 50 ℃.
Step six: and D, twisting the high-conductivity aluminum alloy single wire obtained in the step five with an aluminum-coated invar core to obtain the high-conductivity aluminum alloy wire.
The other steps are the same as in example 5.
The following tests were performed on examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-2:
(1) Wire conductivity measurement
According to the national standard GB3048.2-2007 electric wire and cable electrical property test method-part 2: metal resistivity test the electrical conductivity of the single wire of aluminum alloy produced in examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-2 was measured using a DC digital resistance tester (1X 10) -4 mΩ accuracy), the resistance value thereof is measured and then converted into a conductivity value. Cutting the drawn lead into a sample to be tested with the length not less than 1.2m, wiping the surface of the sample to be tested with acetone or ethanol, keeping the length of the aluminum wire between the two points of the voltage electrode (inner) to be 1m, keeping the length of the aluminum wire to be straight as much as possible in the measuring process, and rotating the lead screw to straighten the lead wire after clamping by using the current electrode clamping plate. Two mutually perpendicular position diameters (D) are measured at a plurality of positions of the wire by using a screw micrometer, and the average value is taken to obtain the actual diameter of the wire. The inner two points are voltage poles, the outer two points are current poles, and note that in the wiring process, the positive pole and the negative pole should be on one side respectively, and the negative pole should not be connected in the opposite way so as to prevent negative values in the measuring process.The direct current digital resistance tester should be preheated for 30 minutes and should be measured after the aluminum and aluminum alloy wires are sufficiently cooled down.
In general, the conductivity of a metal is represented by a resistivity ρ, and the smaller the resistivity ρ is, the better the conductivity of the metal is. For aluminum and aluminum alloy wires, the resistivity ρ at a certain temperature is a constant, which can be calculated by the following formula,
wherein:
R t -resistance measured at room temperature of the wire, units (Ω/m);
l—the length between the measured wire voltage poles in units of (m), in this experiment l=1m;
s-cross-sectional area of wire measured in units of (mm) 2 )。
If the measured room temperature is not 20 ℃ and is converted into a standard resistance value at 20 ℃, the resistance value is calculated according to the following formula,
wherein:
R 20 -resistance value of the conductor material at 20 ℃, unit (Ω/m);
α 20 -the temperature coefficient of resistance of the conductor material in units of 1/°c, the aluminum wire being 0.00403;
t-room temperature measured in degrees Celsius.
The conductivity sigma of aluminum and aluminum alloy wires is the inverse of the resistivity rho, and can be expressed by the following formula,
σ 20 ＝1/ρ 20
wherein:
σ 20 -conductivity value of the conductor material at 20 ℃, unit (S/m).
The conductivity values of the aluminum and aluminum alloy materials represented by IACS (International annealed copper Standard) percent values, namelyConductivity value sigma of aluminum and aluminum alloy conductor material 20 Standard sigma of international annealed copper Cu The percentage value of the ratio is calculated according to the following formula,
wherein:
σ Cu the resistivity of annealed copper at 20℃is 1.724X 10 -5 Ω·m；
σ 20 -resistivity of the conductor material at 20 ℃, unit (Ω·m).
The conductivity results obtained are shown in Table 1.
(2) Mechanical property testing method
The mechanical properties of the metal material refer to the characteristics of the metal under the action of an external load (including static load, impact load and alternating load). The mechanical properties of the metal material comprise hardness, strength, plasticity, toughness, wear resistance and the like. The mechanical properties of metals depend on the intrinsic factors of the material, such as chemical composition, tissue structure, metallurgical quality, residual stress, surface and defects. The physical nature and macroscopic change law of the mechanical properties of metal materials are related to microscopic processes such as movement, proliferation and interaction (interaction between dislocations, interaction between dislocations and point defects) of dislocations during deformation and fracture of metals.
The aluminum alloy single wires produced in examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were subjected to tensile test, respectively, according to the relevant regulations in GB/T228-2002 Standard of tensile test method for metallic Material at room temperature. The tensile test is carried out on the samples by adopting an electronic universal tester, the corresponding tensile strength is respectively measured, the measured values are all average values of 3 samples, and the obtained tensile strength results are shown in table 1.
(3) Heat resistance testing method
The strength remaining rate of the wire is an important index for measuring the heat resistance of the wire. When determining the allowable use temperature of an overhead transmission line, it is generally considered that the remaining rate of the tensile strength of the line after heating for a certain period of time is 90% or more when the line is returned to normal temperature. The aluminum alloy single wires prepared in examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were subjected to an annealing treatment at 230℃for one hour according to the relevant regulations in the standard of GB/T228-2002 "method for tensile test of metallic Material at room temperature", and then subjected to a test for residual Strength, and the tensile strength was measured by an electronic universal tester.
The residual tensile strength is
Strength residual ratio = sigma 1 /σ 0 ×100％
Wherein:
σ 1 -strength value after heating and heat preservation, MPa;
σ 0 -strength value before heating and heat preservation, MPa.
The results of the strength remaining ratio are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be obtained from Table 1, the conductivity of the high-conductivity aluminum alloy single wire provided by the invention is more than or equal to 62.5% IACS, and the tensile strength of the high-conductivity aluminum alloy single wire is more than or equal to 155MPa; the high-conductivity aluminum alloy wire has the tensile strength of more than or equal to 162MPa, the strength residual rate of a single wire of the high-conductivity aluminum alloy wire of more than or equal to 90 percent, and the high-conductivity aluminum alloy wire provided by the invention has good conductivity, heat resistance and tensile strength.
In the description of the present specification, the descriptions of the terms "one embodiment," "example," "specific example," and the like, mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The foregoing is merely illustrative and explanatory of the invention, as various modifications and additions may be made to the particular embodiments described, or in a similar manner, by those skilled in the art, without departing from the scope of the invention or exceeding the scope of the invention as defined in the claims.
Claims (7)
1. The high-conductivity aluminum alloy wire is characterized by being formed by twisting a high-conductivity aluminum alloy single wire and an aluminum-clad invar core, wherein the high-conductivity aluminum alloy single wire comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
si 0.01-0.04%, fe:0.05-0.15%, cu:0.002-0.003%, B:0.01-0.05%, mg:0.002-0.003%, zn:0.005-0.01%, cr:0.003-0.004%, mn:0.002-0.004%, V:0.003-0.005%, ti:0.004-0.005%, la:0.005-0.02%, ce:0.001-0.02%, and the rest impurities: 0.001-0.015%, the balance being Al;
the conductivity of the high-conductivity aluminum alloy single wire is more than or equal to 62.5% IACS, and the direct current resistance of the high-conductivity aluminum alloy wire at 20 ℃: JL3/LB20A-630/45-45/7 is less than or equal to 0.0442 Ω/km;
the preparation method of the high-conductivity aluminum alloy wire comprises the following operation steps:
step one: after melting an aluminum ingot, adding a Si-containing raw material, a Fe-containing raw material, a Cu-containing raw material, a B-containing raw material, a Mg-containing raw material, a Zn-containing raw material, a Cr-containing raw material, a Mn-containing raw material, a V-containing raw material, a Ti-containing raw material, a La-containing raw material and a Ce-containing raw material at 755-765 ℃ to obtain an aluminum liquid;
step two: stirring the aluminum liquid obtained in the step one, and then alloying; adding a slag remover to remove slag, standing for 15-20min, and cooling to obtain aluminum alloy;
step three: pre-aging the aluminum alloy obtained in the second step at 175 ℃ for 75-240min; casting and rolling to obtain an aluminum rod;
step four: aging the aluminum rod in an aging furnace at 420-450 ℃ for 2-3 days;
step five: placing the aluminum rod subjected to the aging treatment in the fourth step for 24 hours, and then drawing wires to obtain a high-conductivity aluminum alloy single wire;
step six: and D, twisting the high-conductivity aluminum alloy single wire obtained in the step five with an aluminum-coated invar core to obtain the high-conductivity aluminum alloy wire.
2. The high conductivity aluminum alloy wire according to claim 1, wherein the alloying temperature in step two is 755-760 ℃ for 10-20min.
3. The high conductivity aluminum alloy wire according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum rod in step three has a diameter of 9.5mm.
4. The high-conductivity aluminum alloy wire according to claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, the wire drawing is performed on a high-speed wire drawing machine table, the speed of the wire drawing machine is 12m/s, and the temperature of the wire drawing oil is controlled to be 50 ℃.
5. The high conductivity aluminum alloy wire according to claim 1, wherein the twisting process in step six is performed by adjusting each wire used in the twisting process to have the same tension, the tension value being 25% of the single wire breaking force of the aluminum alloy.
6. The high conductivity aluminum alloy wire according to claim 1, wherein the twisting process in the sixth step is performed with a pre-twisting process, the strength loss after the pre-twisting is controlled to be in the range of 3N-8N, and the pre-twisting angle is controlled to be less than 30 degrees.
7. The high-conductivity aluminum alloy wire according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the doubling die and the wire divider is controlled to be 25cm-30cm in the twisting process in the sixth step.
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