CN115725361A - Grape seed oil and extraction method thereof - Google Patents
Grape seed oil and extraction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115725361A CN115725361A CN202211199590.6A CN202211199590A CN115725361A CN 115725361 A CN115725361 A CN 115725361A CN 202211199590 A CN202211199590 A CN 202211199590A CN 115725361 A CN115725361 A CN 115725361A
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- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000008169 grapeseed oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 229940087559 grape seed Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 241000219095 Vitis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000011278 co-treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N Linoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N 0.000 abstract description 13
- 235000020778 linoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 13
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N linoleic acid Natural products CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N 0.000 abstract description 13
- 150000008442 polyphenolic compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 9
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000018553 tannin Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229920001864 tannin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000001648 tannin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000944 Soxhlet extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008157 edible vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 201000001320 Atherosclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000024172 Cardiovascular disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000026106 cerebrovascular disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000378 dietary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002526 effect on cardiovascular system Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000004626 essential fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000194 supercritical-fluid extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/54—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using solvents, e.g. supercritical solvents or ionic liquids
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- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
- Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of extraction of effective components in plants, and discloses grape seed oil and an extraction method thereof, wherein the extraction method comprises the following steps: step 1, drying grape seeds until the water content is less than or equal to 10%, crushing the grape seeds and sieving the grape seeds with a 80-mesh sieve to obtain grape seed powder; step 2, immersing grape seed powder in a salt water solution, carrying out ultrasonic treatment at the temperature of 25-30 ℃, washing, filtering, and drying until the water content is less than or equal to 7% to obtain grape seed residues; step 3, the grape seed dregs are treated with supercritical CO at the temperature of 32-37 DEG C 2 And extracting the grape seed oil by using an extracting agent, and collecting oil to obtain the grape seed oil. The invention has simple operation process, and the extracted grape seed oil is rich in linoleic acid and polyphenol, thus being beneficial to popularization and use.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of extraction of effective components in plants, in particular to grape seed oil and an extraction method thereof.
Background
The cholesterol in human bodies and animals must be combined with linoleic acid to perform normal operation and metabolism in the bodies, and if the linoleic acid is lacked, the cholesterol is combined with some saturated fatty acids to generate metabolic disturbance, and the cholesterol is deposited on blood vessel walls to gradually form atherosclerosis to cause cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, so the linoleic acid is recognized as an essential fatty acid. However, linoleic acid cannot be synthesized by the human body by itself and needs to be taken from the diet, and therefore, it is very important to provide a dietary product rich in linoleic acid.
In order to increase the utilization rate of the waste such as the grape seeds, the peel dregs and the like, the technical personnel in the field try to extract the grape seed oil from the waste such as the grape seeds, the peel dregs and the like so as to increase the comprehensive utilization rate of the grape seed oil. However, the prior art mainly adopts a squeezing method, a solvent extraction method, an enzymolysis method and the like to extract the grape seed oil, and although the extracted grape seed oil contains rich antioxidant components, the following defects exist: in the process of extracting the grape seed oil by the squeezing method, not only a complicated series of processing treatment but also long-time high-temperature treatment are required, so that the oil in the grape seed oil is easy to oxidize and rancid, and the content of linoleic acid is reduced; the solvent extraction method needs a large amount of organic solvent, so that the obtained grape seed oil has certain solvent residue, and the Rong Yiren is troublesome in recovery and treatment and also has the problems of environmental pollution and the like; in the extraction process of the enzymolysis method, polyphenol substances in the grape seed oil are easy to oxidize and degrade in the enzymolysis process, so that the polyphenol content serving as a main antioxidant substance in the finally obtained product is reduced.
Therefore, the invention provides the grape seed oil and the extraction method thereof in order to simplify the extraction process and improve the content of linoleic acid and polyphenol in the grape seed oil product.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides grape seed oil and an extraction method thereof.
The grape seed oil and the extraction method thereof are realized by the following technical scheme:
the first purpose of the invention is to provide a grape seed oil extraction method, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, drying grape seeds until the water content is less than or equal to 10%, crushing the grape seeds and sieving the grape seeds with a 80-mesh sieve to obtain grape seed powder;
step 2, immersing grape seed powder in a salt water solution, carrying out ultrasonic treatment at the temperature of 25-30 ℃, washing, filtering, and drying until the water content is less than or equal to 7% to obtain grape seed residues;
step 3, the grape seed dregs are treated with supercritical CO at the temperature of 32-37 DEG C 2 And extracting the grape seed oil by using an extracting agent, and collecting oil to obtain the grape seed oil.
Further, the power of the ultrasonic treatment is 150-200W, and 10-30 min.
Further, the extraction of the treated CO 2 The flow rate is 15-25L/h; the extraction temperature is 32-37 ℃; the extraction pressure is 20-25 Mpa; the extraction time is 100-140 min.
Furthermore, the dosage ratio of the grape seed powder to the saline solution is 1mg to 2mL.
Further, the concentration of the saline solution is 6 to 8g/L.
Further, in the step 1, the drying temperature is 40-60 ℃, and the drying time is 8-16 h.
Further, in the step 2, the drying temperature is 45-60 ℃, and the drying time is 8-20 h.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide grape seed oil obtained by the extraction method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method comprises the steps of firstly drying the grape seeds until the water content is less than or equal to 10 percent, facilitating subsequent crushing treatment, simultaneously facilitating the subsequent solvent molecules to enter the grape seeds to extract tannin, and then crushing the grape seeds to 60-80 meshes, so that the grape seeds can be fully contacted with a salt solution, and the grape seeds can be fully contacted with an extracting agent in the subsequent extraction process, thereby improving the oil removal rate and the extraction rate of effective components.
According to the method, the salt water solvent is used as a leaching solution, the grape seed powder and the salt water solution fully wet grape seeds through the ultrasonic action, the salt water can change the tissue structure of a grape seed shell, and water molecules are driven by the ultrasonic wave to fully collide with the grape seed shell under the ultrasonic action, so that the grape seed shell structure is damaged, the subsequent extraction treatment is facilitated, meanwhile, the released tannin is dissolved in water, and the tannin in the grape seeds is removed.
The invention uses supercritical CO 2 The grape seed oil is an extractant, the extraction and separation operations are completed under the condition of being close to room temperature, the oxidation of oil caused by long-time high temperature is avoided, the property of the oil product is improved, the physicochemical property, the fatty acid component and the content of the extracted grape seed oil all meet the Chinese edible oil standard, and the oil loss and the influence on the quality of the oil product caused by refining are avoided.
The invention has simple operation process, and the extracted grape seed oil is rich in linoleic acid and polyphenol, thus being beneficial to popularization and use.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below.
The invention provides a grape seed oil extraction method, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, drying grape seeds until the water content is less than or equal to 10%, and crushing to obtain grape seed powder;
it should be noted that the specific drying process parameters of the grape seeds in step 1 are not limited in the present invention, as long as the grape seeds can be dried until the water content is less than or equal to 10%, which facilitates the subsequent pulverization treatment and facilitates the subsequent solvent molecules to enter the grape seeds. Preferably, the drying temperature is 40-60 ℃, and the drying time is 8-16 h.
The invention does not limit the specific process parameters of the crushing treatment, as long as the crushed grape seed powder can pass through a 60-80-mesh sieve.
Step 2, immersing grape seed powder in a salt water solution, carrying out ultrasonic treatment at the temperature of 25-30 ℃, washing, filtering, and drying until the water content is less than or equal to 7% to obtain grape seed residues;
the invention takes the water solution of table salt as the leaching liquor, the grape seed powder and the water solution of table salt fully wet the grape seeds through the ultrasonic action, the table salt water can change the tissue structure of the grape seed shells, and under the ultrasonic action, water molecules are driven by ultrasonic waves to fully collide with the grape seed shells, so that the structure of the grape seed shells is damaged, the subsequent extraction treatment is facilitated, the released tannin is dissolved in water, and other components are not easily dissolved in water, so that the removal of the tannin in the grape seeds is realized on the basis of retaining effective components.
The invention does not limit the specific technological parameters of ultrasonic treatment, and preferably, the power of ultrasonic treatment is 150-200W, and the ultrasonic time is 10-30 min.
In the invention, the solid-liquid ratio of the grape seed powder to the saline solution is 1:1-2, and the concentration of the saline solution is 6-8 g/L.
The invention does not limit the specific drying process parameters of the grape seed powder in the step 2, as long as the grape seed powder can be dried until the water content is less than or equal to 7 percent, thereby facilitating the subsequent crushing treatment and facilitating the subsequent solvent molecules to enter the grape seeds. Preferably, the drying temperature is 45-60 ℃, and the drying time is 8-20 h.
Step 3, subjecting the grape seed dregs to supercritical CO treatment at the temperature of 32-37 DEG C 2 Extracting the extracting agent, and collecting oil to obtain the grape seed oil;
it is noted that the present invention is directed to supercritical CO 2 The grape seed oil is an extractant, the extraction and separation operations are completed under the condition of being close to room temperature, the oxidation of oil caused by long-time high temperature is avoided, the property of the oil product is improved, the physicochemical property, the fatty acid component and the content of the extracted grape seed oil all meet the Chinese edible oil standard, and the oil loss and the influence on the quality of the oil product caused by refining are avoided. Preferably, the extractive treated CO employed in the present invention 2 The flow rate is 15-25L/h; the extraction temperature is 32-37 ℃; the extraction pressure is 20-25 Mpa; the extraction time is 100-140 min.
In the following examples of the present invention, the fermented grape seeds produced from Cabernet Sauvignon in a grape wine factory were used as the test subjects.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a grape seed oil extraction method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, placing a certain amount of brewed grape seeds in an oven at 50 ℃, drying for 12 hours until the water content is 10%, and then crushing until the grape seeds pass through a 70-mesh sieve to obtain grape seed powder;
s2, taking 500g of the grape seed powder, immersing the grape seed powder in a saline solution with the concentration of 7g/L according to the dosage ratio of 1mg;
s3, subjecting the obtained grape seed residue to supercritical CO treatment at the temperature of 34 DEG C 2 For extraction ofThe agent is subjected to an extraction treatment, and the treated CO is extracted 2 The flow rate is 22L/h; the extraction temperature is 34 ℃; the extraction pressure is 23Mpa; extracting for 120min, and collecting oil to obtain grape seed oil.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a method for extracting grape seed oil, which comprises the following steps:
s1, placing a certain amount of brewed grape seeds in an oven at 40 ℃, drying for 16 hours until the water content is 10%, and then crushing until the grape seeds pass through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain grape seed powder;
s2, taking 500g of the grape seed powder, immersing the grape seed powder into a saline solution with the concentration of 6g/L according to the dosage ratio of 1mg;
s3, subjecting the obtained grape seed residue to supercritical CO treatment at the temperature of 32 DEG C 2 Extracting the extracted CO with an extractant 2 The flow rate is 20L/h; the extraction temperature is 32 ℃; the extraction pressure is 20Mpa; extracting for 100min, and collecting oil to obtain grape seed oil.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a method for extracting grape seed oil, which comprises the following steps:
s1, placing a certain amount of brewed grape seeds in an oven at 60 ℃, drying for 8 hours until the water content is 9%, and then crushing until the grape seeds pass through a 80-mesh sieve to obtain grape seed powder;
s2, taking 500g of the grape seed powder, immersing the grape seed powder into a saline solution with the concentration of 7g/L according to the dosage ratio of 1mg;
s3, subjecting the obtained grape seed residue to supercritical CO treatment at 37 DEG C 2 Extracting the extracted CO with an extractant 2 The flow rate is 25L/h; the extraction temperature is 37 ℃; the extraction pressure is 25Mpa; extracting for 140min, and collecting oil to obtain grape seed oil.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides a method for extracting grape seed oil, and the comparative example only differs from example 1 in that:
and (3) directly carrying out supercritical extraction treatment on the grape seed powder obtained in the step (1) without carrying out ultrasonic treatment in the step (2).
Comparative example 2
The comparative example provides a method for extracting grape seed oil, and the comparative example only differs from example 1 in that:
the comparative example adopts a Soxhlet extraction method to extract, takes petroleum ether as a solvent, has a solid-liquid ratio of 1:6, and is extracted for 6 hours at 80 ℃.
The Soxhlet extraction method used in this comparative example was carried out according to the methods of "research on Process for extracting grape seed oil with solvent", zhang Qiang, etc., food research and development, 2007, 28 (9): 88-90 ".
Test section
The main components, namely the contents of linoleic acid and polyphenol and the acid values of physicochemical indexes of the grape seed oil prepared in the examples 1 to 3 and the comparative examples 1 to 2 were respectively tested by the present invention, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Wherein the oil extraction rate = (W) Oil /W Powder )×100%,W Oil Is the mass of grape seed oil, W Powder The mass of the grape seed powder; the acid value is determined according to the method in GB/T5530-1998 determination of acid value and acidity of animal and vegetable oils.
As can be seen from Table 1, the acid values of the grape seed oil extracted in the embodiments 1-3 of the present invention are all less than 3, and the grape seed oil meets the requirements of national standards. Compared with comparative examples 1 and 2, the acid value of the grape seed oil obtained by extraction in examples 1-3 of the invention is reduced, and particularly compared with comparative example 2, the extraction method of the invention can obviously reduce the oxidative rancidity of oil and fat and improve the quality of oil products compared with the conventional Soxhlet extraction method.
Compared with the comparative examples 1 and 2, the linoleic acid content and the polyphenol content of the grape seed oil extracted in the examples 1-3 are both obviously improved, which shows that the extraction effect of linoleic acid and polyphenol in the grape seeds can be effectively improved by ultrasonic-combined extraction treatment, and the method is further beneficial to improving the linoleic acid content and the polyphenol content, further improving the quality of the grape seed oil extracted by the method and further promoting and utilizing the grape seed oil.
It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The method for extracting the grape seed oil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, drying grape seeds until the water content is less than or equal to 10%, and crushing to obtain grape seed powder;
step 2, immersing grape seed powder in a salt water solution, carrying out ultrasonic treatment at the temperature of 25-30 ℃, washing, filtering, and drying until the water content is less than or equal to 7% to obtain grape seed residues;
step 3, subjecting the grape seed dregs to supercritical CO treatment at the temperature of 32-37 DEG C 2 Extracting with an extractant, and collecting oil to obtain the grape seed oil.
2. The extraction method according to claim 1, wherein the power of the ultrasonic treatment is 150 to 200W,10 to 30min.
3. The extraction process of claim 1, wherein the extraction-treated CO 2 The flow rate is 15-25L/h; the extraction temperature is 32-37 ℃; the extraction pressure is 20-25 Mpa; the extraction time is 100-140 min.
4. The extraction method according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the grape seed meal to the saline solution is 1mg to 2mL.
5. The extraction method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of said saline solution is 6 to 8g/L.
6. The extraction method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the drying temperature is 40-60 ℃ and the drying time is 8-16 h.
7. The extraction method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the drying temperature is 45-60 ℃ and the drying time is 8-20 h.
8. Grape seed oil obtained by extraction according to any one of claims 1-7.
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CN107011986A (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2017-08-04 | 江苏金洲粮油食品有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of grape-kernel oil |
CN108865415A (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2018-11-23 | 太和县乐民现代农业科技有限公司 | A kind of extracting method of peony seed oil |
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2022
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KR20060093145A (en) * | 2005-02-21 | 2006-08-24 | 임교빈 | Extraction method of grape seed oil by supercritical fluid extraction |
CN102146317A (en) * | 2011-02-16 | 2011-08-10 | 北方民族大学 | Method for extracting grape seed oil containing oligomeric proantho cyanidins (OPC) |
CN102604733A (en) * | 2012-03-13 | 2012-07-25 | 玛纳斯恒泰实业有限公司 | Extraction method of functional healthcare edible oil |
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CN108865415A (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2018-11-23 | 太和县乐民现代农业科技有限公司 | A kind of extracting method of peony seed oil |
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