CN115724572A - Chromium-containing sludge vitrification harmless treatment method and device - Google Patents
Chromium-containing sludge vitrification harmless treatment method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN115724572A CN115724572A CN202110980306.8A CN202110980306A CN115724572A CN 115724572 A CN115724572 A CN 115724572A CN 202110980306 A CN202110980306 A CN 202110980306A CN 115724572 A CN115724572 A CN 115724572A
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- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000004017 vitrification Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000011194 food seasoning agent Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007908 dry granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002366 mineral element Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052604 silicate mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical compound [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000033764 rhythmic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- GBAOBIBJACZTNA-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfite Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])=O GBAOBIBJACZTNA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000010261 calcium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000315 carcinogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012946 outsourcing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009270 solid waste treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
A method for vitrifying the Cr-contained sludge without harm includes such steps as mixing it with modified material, decomposing sulfate in the Cr-contained sludge, keeping the Cr as harmful heavy metal in non-toxic low-valence state, mixing it with blast furnace slag, vitrifying, and adding Cr to blast furnace slag in harmless low-valence stateHarmless vitrification at low cost; in the treatment process of the chromium-containing sludge, the addition of the carbon reducing agent in the tempering material can completely decompose sulfate components, and the sulfur-containing flue gas is collected to prepare sulfuric acid, so that atmospheric pollution caused by diffusion of sulfur elements is avoided, the resource value of the chromium-containing sludge is fully utilized, and the dangerous solid waste emission in the related production process is obviously reduced; adding Na into the seasoning 2 O、K 2 O、B 2 O 3 The low melting point of the fluxing agent is combined, so that the decomposition temperature of the sulfate and the melting temperature of the batch are reduced, the energy consumption is reduced, and the production cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of industrial hazardous solid waste treatment, and particularly relates to a chromium-containing sludge vitrification harmless treatment method and device.
Background
The chromium-containing sludge is solid dangerous waste produced in the industries of steel, nonferrous metal, leather tanning and the like. For example, after being treated, wastewater from chromate passivation treatment process of cold rolling production units in iron and steel enterprises can generate a large amount of chromium-containing sludge, and the chromium-containing sludge is brought into a range of hazardous wastes due to high content of soluble carcinogenic heavy metal Cr, and accounts for about 60% of hazardous wastes of steel plants. After the chromium-containing sludge is pressed and filtered into a cake, the water content is generally 50-60%, the Cr content is 0.5-20%, and other main components are calcium sulfate and calcium sulfite. In addition, the cold rolling chromium-containing sludge also contains a small amount of elements such as Zn, pt and the like, so that the cold rolling chromium-containing sludge cannot be recycled in steel production, and the cold rolling chromium-containing sludge becomes a burden for steel enterprises. At present, chromium-containing sludge of enterprises of iron and steel, nonferrous metal, leather tanning and the like is generally treated by outsourcing, and the treatment cost is high. The reasonable consumption of the chromium-containing sludge is a technical problem to be solved urgently in the zero emission of the solid waste of related enterprises.
Blast furnace slag is another type of by-product in the steel production process, and is formed by non-volatile components in metallurgical auxiliary materials such as gangue in iron ore, ash in fuel and limestone in the blast furnace iron-making process. When the iron-making blast furnace slag is discharged from the blast furnace, the temperature is about 1400 ℃, and the sensible heat of 1 ton of blast furnace slag is approximately equivalent to the heat of 57 kg of standard coal. At present, the hot blast furnace slag at home and abroad mainly adopts the water quenching process such as the Yinba method and the like to generate the granulated slag, and the blast furnace granulated slag mainly adopts a glass state. If the thermal-state slag is taken as a base material, the chromium-containing sludge is cooperatively treated by utilizing the mineral elements and sensible heat resources of the blast furnace slag, and the toxicity of the sludge is eliminated, the discharge of dangerous solid waste of the iron and steel enterprises can be obviously reduced, and the method has great significance for protecting the ecological environment and improving the economic benefit of the iron and steel enterprises.
The technologies related to the treatment of the chromium-containing sludge are more, the technologies comprise solidification, landfill after stabilization, chromium extraction by a leaching method, and the chromium-containing sludge is used as raw materials such as cement, ceramics and the like in a small proportion, and the technologies have the problems of high treatment cost, incomplete treatment, large smoke treatment capacity, secondary heavy metal pollution and the like. At present, no report is found on a method for performing vitrification harmless treatment by using chromium-containing sludge and blast furnace slag in a synergistic manner.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a device for vitrifying and harmlessly treating chromium-containing sludge, which are used for vitrifying the chromium-containing sludge and blast furnace slag cooperatively, fully utilizing sensible heat and silicate mineral elements contained in high-temperature liquid blast furnace slag, realizing harmlessness and low-cost vitrification of the chromium-containing sludge, decomposing and escaping sulfur elements in the sludge to prepare acid, fully utilizing the resource value of the chromium-containing sludge, remarkably reducing dangerous solid waste emission in related production processes and reducing the treatment cost of dangerous waste.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is that,
a vitrifying and harmless treatment method for chromium-containing sludge comprises the following steps:
1) Batch preparation
Uniformly mixing the chromium-containing sludge and the quenched and tempered material, granulating, and drying to obtain a batch; the weight ratio of the conditioning material to the chromium-containing sludge is 1.5-4.5;
the seasoning material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: siO 2 2 ：40-95％、Al 2 O 3 ：1-30％、MgO：0.1-5％、CaO：0.1-4％、B 2 O 3 ：0-2％、Na 2 O：0.2-6％、K 2 O：0.1-2％、Fe 2 O 3 ：0.1-15％、P 2 O 5 ：0.1-3％、C：1-18％；
2) Intermediate temperature treatment
Putting the batch mixture into an electric melting furnace, and performing medium temperature treatment at 1000-1100 ℃ for 20-80 min; collecting sulfur-containing flue gas in the treatment process;
3) High temperature melting
Melting the batch after the intermediate temperature treatment at high temperature to form a batch melt; the high-temperature melting temperature is 1350-1550 ℃;
4) Molten glass preparation
Mixing the batch melt with liquid blast furnace slag to form molten glass; the weight ratio of the batch melt to the liquid blast furnace slag is 1.8-8;
5) Dry granulation
Carrying out dry granulation on the molten glass to prepare glass granules, and recovering waste heat in the dry granulation process and the glass granules;
6) And cooling, packaging and warehousing.
Preferably, in the step 1), the drying temperature is 100-180 ℃.
Preferably, in the step 5), the flow rate of the molten glass is 0.2-3.0t/min.
Preferably, the sulfur-containing flue gas collected in the middle-temperature treatment process in step 2) is prepared into sulfuric acid or sodium sulfite.
In the method, harmful heavy metal element Cr in the chromium-containing sludge reacts with a reducing agent in the conditioning material to keep or be reduced into harmless low valence state, then the chromium-containing sludge is mixed with blast furnace slag liquid to realize the cooperative vitrification of the chromium-containing sludge and the blast furnace slag, the sensible heat contained in the blast furnace slag and silicate mineral elements are fully utilized, and the harmful heavy metal element Cr in the chromium-containing sludge is harmless as Cr with low valence state 2 O 3 The form is fused into a granular glass network, so that the glass granules are ensured not to have leaching toxicity, high-stability solidification of chromium is realized, and harmless and low-cost treatment of the chromium-containing sludge is realized.
In the harmless treatment process of the chromium-containing sludge, na is added into the conditioning material 2 O、K 2 O、B 2 O 3 The low melting point of the chromium-containing sludge is combined with a fluxing agent and a carbon reducing agent, the decomposition temperature of the sulfate is reduced, and the sulfate in the chromium-containing sludge can be between 1000 and 1100 DEG CDecomposition reaction occurs; in addition, the reducing agent C and the sulfate decomposition product O in the chromium-containing sludge 2 The reaction is carried out to generate CO which can promote the decomposition of sulfate, thereby leading the sulfate component in the chromium-containing sludge to be thoroughly decomposed and discharging the escaped sulfur-containing gas in the form of flue gas. The sulfur-containing flue gas can be used for preparing sulfuric acid, so that the sulfur-containing flue gas is reasonably applied, the atmospheric pollution caused by the diffusion of sulfur elements is avoided, the resource value of the chromium-containing sludge is fully utilized, the discharge of dangerous solid wastes in the related production process is obviously reduced, and the treatment cost of dangerous wastes is reduced.
In addition, after the chromium-containing sludge is mixed with the quenched and tempered material, the low-melting-point combined fluxing agent is added into the quenched and tempered material, so that the batch can be melted at a lower temperature, namely the batch can be completely melted at 1350-1420 ℃, the melting energy consumption is reduced, and the production cost is reduced.
In order to match with the production capacity of the granulating equipment and control the size of the glass granules, the flow rate of molten glass is controlled to be 0.2-3.0t/min in the glass granulating process.
The glass aggregate prepared by the method has a crushing value of less than 8%, high mechanical strength and stable components, and the total chromium content and the hexavalent chromium content of the leachate prepared according to the HJ/T299 standard are both lower than the national hazardous waste standard, so that the glass aggregate is safe to use, can be used as a road building base material, a concrete aggregate, a cementing material and the like, and has good economic value and popularization and application prospects.
The electric melting furnace for the chromium-containing sludge vitrification harmless treatment method comprises a kiln body and a storage chamber. Wherein: the upper part of the kiln body is provided with a raw material inlet, and the lower part of the kiln body is provided with a discharge port; the kiln body is divided into a low-temperature area, a middle-temperature area and a high-temperature area which are communicated from top to bottom; a cooling device is arranged on the outer side of the kiln wall of the medium temperature zone; the upper part of the medium temperature zone is a low temperature zone, and the lower part of the medium temperature zone is a high temperature zone; a plurality of heating electrodes are arranged in the high-temperature area; the upper part of the material storage chamber is provided with an inlet, and the lower part of the material storage chamber is provided with an outlet; and the inlet of the storage chamber is connected with the discharge port of the kiln body through an ascending channel.
Preferably, the height-to-width ratio of the electric melting furnace body is 2:1.1 to 0.9.
Preferably, a plurality of heating electrodes are arranged in the ascending channel.
Preferably, a plurality of heating electrodes are arranged in the storage chamber.
Preferably, a discharging device with electrothermal control is installed at the outlet of the storage chamber.
The electric melting furnace body comprises a low-temperature region, a medium-temperature region and a high-temperature region, so that after the batch enters the furnace body, medium-temperature reduction treatment is firstly carried out in the medium-temperature region to ensure that sulfate is fully decomposed; then the raw material enters a high-temperature area to be melted into uniform melt, the raw material entering the high-temperature area is continuously melted by an electric melting method by utilizing the conductive performance of the liquid melt at high temperature, and the heat of the high-temperature area is transferred to a medium-temperature area to increase the temperature of the medium-temperature area. If the temperature is too high, the temperature of the medium-temperature zone and the descending speed of the batch can be controlled by the medium-temperature zone cooling device, and the full decomposition of the sulfate in the batch in the medium-temperature reduction treatment process is ensured.
In addition, the electric melting furnace is particularly provided with the material storage chamber, the rhythm of intermittent slag discharge of the blast furnace can be met under the condition of keeping the continuous operation of the electric melting furnace, and when the slag is not discharged from the blast furnace, the batch melt melted by the electric melting furnace can be stored in the material storage chamber.
Heating electrodes are arranged on the ascending channel and the material storage chamber, so that smooth flowing of batch melt can be ensured, and the whole process can be continuously and stably operated.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. harmful heavy metal element Cr in the chromium-containing sludge is reduced by a reducing agent in the conditioning material and is kept in a harmless low valence state, and then is vitrified together with the blast furnace slag, sensible heat contained in the blast furnace slag and silicate mineral elements are fully utilized, so that the harmful heavy metal element Cr in the chromium-containing sludge is fused into a granular glass network in a harmless low valence state form, the components and the performance of vitrified products are ensured to be stable, the leaching toxicity of glass granules is reduced, and the harmless treatment of the chromium-containing sludge is thoroughly realized.
2. In the treatment process of the chromium-containing sludge, after the chromium-containing sludge is mixed with the conditioning material, na is added into the conditioning material 2 O、K 2 O、B 2 O 3 The combination of the fluxing agents with low melting points reduces the decomposition temperature of sulfate in the chromium-containing sludge and the melting temperature of batch materials, and reduces energy consumptionThereby reducing the production cost;
3. the addition of the carbon reducing agent in the quenching and tempering material can thoroughly decompose sulfate components in the chromium-containing sludge, and the formed sulfur-containing flue gas can be used for preparing sulfuric acid, so that sulfur is reasonably applied, the atmospheric pollution caused by the diffusion of the sulfur is avoided, the resource value of the chromium-containing sludge is fully utilized, and the dangerous solid waste emission in the related production process is remarkably reduced.
4. The electric melting furnace body comprises a low-temperature area, a medium-temperature area and a high-temperature area, and a cooling device is arranged on the outer side of the furnace wall of the medium-temperature area, so that the batch has enough medium-temperature reduction treatment time after entering the electric melting furnace, and the full decomposition of sulfate is ensured. And then the batch materials are melted at high temperature in a high-temperature area of the electric melting furnace, so that the batch materials are melted into uniform melt with high efficiency and low energy consumption.
5. The electric melting furnace is provided with the material storage chamber, so that the rhythm of intermittent slag discharge of the blast furnace can be met under the condition of keeping the continuous operation of the electric melting furnace, and when the slag discharge of the blast furnace is not carried out, the batch melt melted by the electric melting furnace can be stored in the material storage chamber, so that the continuous and stable treatment of the vitrification of the chromium-containing sludge is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a top view of an electric melting furnace used in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 isbase:Sub>A sectional view taken along linebase:Sub>A-base:Sub>A of fig. 2.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples and figures.
Referring to fig. 1, the method for vitrifying and harmlessly treating the chromium-containing sludge comprises the following steps:
1) Batch preparation
Uniformly mixing the chromium-containing sludge and the quenched and tempered material, granulating, and drying to obtain a batch; the weight ratio of the conditioning material to the chromium-containing sludge is 1.5-4.5;
the seasoning material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: siO 2 2 ：40-95％、Al 2 O 3 ：1-30％、MgO：0.1-5％、CaO：0.1-4％、B 2 O 3 ：0-2％、Na 2 O：0.2-6％、K 2 O：0.1-2％、Fe 2 O 3 ：0.1-15％、P 2 O 5 ：0.1-3％、C：1-18％；
2) Intermediate temperature treatment
Putting the batch mixture into an electric melting furnace, and performing medium temperature treatment at 1000-1100 ℃ for 20-80 min; collecting sulfur-containing flue gas in the treatment process;
3) High temperature melting
Melting the batch after the medium temperature treatment at high temperature to form a batch melt; the high-temperature melting temperature is 1350-1550 ℃;
4) Molten glass preparation
Mixing the batch melt with liquid blast furnace slag to form molten glass; the weight ratio of the batch melt to the liquid blast furnace slag is 1.8-8;
5) Dry granulation
Carrying out dry granulation on the molten glass to prepare glass granules, and recovering waste heat in the dry granulation process and the glass granules;
6) And cooling, packaging and warehousing.
Preferably, in the step 1), the drying temperature is 100-180 ℃.
Preferably, in the step 5), the flow rate of the glass liquid is 0.2-3.0t/min.
Preferably, the sulfur-containing flue gas collected in the middle temperature treatment process in step 2) is prepared into sulfuric acid or sodium sulfite.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the electric melting furnace for vitrifying and detoxifying the chromium-containing sludge of the present invention comprises:
the kiln comprises a kiln body 1, wherein the upper part of the kiln body 1 is provided with a raw material inlet, the lower part of the kiln body is provided with a discharge port, and the interior of the kiln body 1 is divided into a low-temperature area 11, a medium-temperature area 12 and a high-temperature area 13 which are communicated from top to bottom; a cooling device 2 is arranged on the outer side of the kiln wall of the medium temperature zone 12; a plurality of heating electrodes 3 are arranged in the high-temperature region 13;
a material storage chamber 4, the upper part of which is provided with an inlet and the lower part of which is provided with an outlet; an inlet of the storage chamber 1 is connected with a discharge hole of the kiln body 1 through an ascending channel 5, and an outlet of the storage chamber 4 is provided with a discharging device 6 with electric heating control; a plurality of heating electrodes 3 are arranged in the material storage chamber 4 and the ascending channel 5.
The ingredients of the quenching and tempering materials in the embodiment of the invention are shown in the table 1; the process parameters of the inventive examples are shown in table 2.
The crushing value of the glass granules prepared by the embodiment of the invention is less than 8%, the total chromium content of the leachate prepared according to the HJ/T299 standard is less than 1.5mg/L, and the hexavalent chromium content is less than 0.5mg/L, so that the glass granules can be used as road building base materials, concrete aggregates and the like, and have good economic value and popularization and application prospects.
Claims (10)
1. A vitrifying and harmless treatment method for chromium-containing sludge is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Batch preparation
Uniformly mixing the chromium-containing sludge and the quenched and tempered material, granulating, and drying to obtain a batch; the weight ratio of the conditioning material to the chromium-containing sludge is 1.5-4.5;
the seasoning material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: siO 2 2 ：40-95％、Al 2 O 3 ：1-30％、MgO：0.1-5％、CaO：0.1-4％、B 2 O 3 ：0-2％、Na 2 O：0.2-6％、K 2 O：0.1-2％、Fe 2 O 3 ：0.1-15％、P 2 O 5 ：0.1-3％、C：1-18％；
2) Intermediate temperature treatment
Putting the batch mixture into an electric melting furnace, and performing medium temperature treatment at 1000-1100 ℃ for 20-80 min; collecting sulfur-containing flue gas in the treatment process;
3) High temperature melting
Melting the batch after the intermediate temperature treatment at high temperature to form a batch melt; the high-temperature melting temperature is 1350-1550 ℃;
4) Molten glass preparation
Mixing the batch melt with liquid blast furnace slag to form glass liquid; the weight ratio of the batch melt to the liquid blast furnace slag is 1.8-8;
5) Dry granulation
Carrying out dry granulation on the molten glass to prepare glass granules, and recovering waste heat in the dry granulation process and the glass granules;
6) And cooling, packaging and warehousing.
2. The method for vitrifying and harmlessly treating chromium-containing sludge according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the drying temperature is 100 to 180 ℃.
3. The method for vitrifying a sludge containing chromium according to claim 1 wherein in step 5), the molten glass flow rate is 0.2 to 3.0t/min.
4. The method for vitrifying and harmless treatment of chromium-containing sludge according to claim 1, wherein the sulfur-containing flue gas collected in the middle temperature treatment in step 2) is prepared into sulfuric acid or sodium sulfite.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the crushing value of the glass granules is less than 8%.
6. An electric melting furnace used in the method for vitrifying and detoxifying chromium-containing sludge according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising:
the upper part of the kiln body is provided with a raw material inlet, and the lower part of the kiln body is provided with a discharge port; the kiln body is divided into a low-temperature area, a middle-temperature area and a high-temperature area which are communicated from top to bottom; a cooling device is arranged on the outer side of the kiln wall of the medium temperature zone; the upper part of the middle temperature zone is a low temperature zone, and the lower part of the middle temperature zone is a high temperature zone; a plurality of heating electrodes are arranged in the high-temperature area;
the upper part of the material storage chamber is provided with an inlet, and the lower part of the material storage chamber is provided with an outlet; the inlet of the storage chamber is connected with the outlet of the kiln body through an ascending channel.
7. The electric melting furnace of claim 6, wherein the body of the electric melting furnace has an aspect ratio of 2:1.1 to 0.9.
8. An electric melting furnace as in claim 6, wherein a plurality of heating electrodes are provided in said ascending chimney.
9. An electric melting furnace as in claim 6 or 8, wherein a plurality of heating electrodes are provided in said reservoir.
10. The electric melting furnace according to claim 6, wherein a discharge device with a electrothermal control is installed at the outlet of the storage chamber.
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2525099C1 (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2014-08-10 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Charge to produce coloured glass |
| CN104355541A (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2015-02-18 | 中国建筑材料科学研究总院 | Black slag micro crystal stone and preparation method thereof |
| CN104445944A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2015-03-25 | 北京科技大学 | Method for preparing microcrystalline glass from hazardous solid wastes |
| CN106116161A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2016-11-16 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of method utilizing yellow phosphorus furnace slag and chromium slag to prepare devitrified glass |
| CN106242280A (en) * | 2016-07-14 | 2016-12-21 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of emulsion opal glass with liquid blast furnace cinder as main material and preparation method thereof |
| CN109626830A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-04-16 | 内蒙古科技大学 | Utilize dangerous waste treated quenched method and apparatus for preparing porous glass ceramics basic material and porous glass ceramics of hot molten slag |
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2021
- 2021-08-25 CN CN202110980306.8A patent/CN115724572A/en active Pending
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| RU2525099C1 (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2014-08-10 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Charge to produce coloured glass |
| CN104355541A (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2015-02-18 | 中国建筑材料科学研究总院 | Black slag micro crystal stone and preparation method thereof |
| CN104445944A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2015-03-25 | 北京科技大学 | Method for preparing microcrystalline glass from hazardous solid wastes |
| CN106116161A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2016-11-16 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of method utilizing yellow phosphorus furnace slag and chromium slag to prepare devitrified glass |
| CN106242280A (en) * | 2016-07-14 | 2016-12-21 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of emulsion opal glass with liquid blast furnace cinder as main material and preparation method thereof |
| CN109626830A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-04-16 | 内蒙古科技大学 | Utilize dangerous waste treated quenched method and apparatus for preparing porous glass ceramics basic material and porous glass ceramics of hot molten slag |
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