CN115722681B - Laser forming method of special-shaped structure composite material magnetic shielding cover - Google Patents
Laser forming method of special-shaped structure composite material magnetic shielding cover Download PDFInfo
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 43
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910001004 magnetic alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
A laser forming method of a special-shaped structure composite material magnetic shielding cover belongs to the field of laser additive manufacturing of composite materials. The magnetic shielding cover structure is customized according to the parts, the integrated forming is free of interface gaps, the inner side of the structure is attached to the outline of the special-shaped part, and an air gap is reserved. The magnetic shielding cover is formed by combining various materials, absorbs a magnetic field and attenuates the strength of the magnetic shielding cover, and can provide magnetic shielding effects of low magnetic resistance, high magnetic saturation, high magnetic permeability and high sensitivity for special-shaped structural parts.
Description
Technical Field
The invention provides a laser forming method of a special-shaped structure composite material magnetic shielding cover, which is used for forming a multi-layer absorption attenuation magnetic field by combining a plurality of materials and can provide magnetic shielding effects of low magnetic resistance, high saturation, high magnetic conductivity and high sensitivity for special-shaped structure parts.
Background
The laser three-dimensional scanning is a method for rapidly acquiring three-dimensional data of the surface of a scanned object through laser high-speed scanning and modeling to generate a digital model in a universal format. The laser three-dimensional scanning has the characteristics of high resolution, high precision, non-contact scanning, digitization and the like, is very suitable for three-dimensional reconstruction and reverse engineering, and can quickly establish a digitization visual model of an object with a complex structure and an irregular shape.
The magnetic shielding of the low-frequency magnetic field is realized by utilizing a magnetic shunt principle and utilizing a ferromagnetic material with high magnetic conductivity to shunt magnetic lines of an interfering magnetic field, wherein the magnetic lines of force preferentially pass through the ferromagnetic material with magnetic resistance being thousands of times of that of air, so that the magnetic flux in the magnetic shielding body is reduced, and the magnetic shielding is realized. The magnetic shielding is widely applied to the fields of precision measurement, aerospace science instruments and other parts which are easy to be interfered and failed. The magnetic shielding body structurally reduces interface gaps, magnetic force lines are prevented from leaking, and the thicker the shell wall is, the more shielding layers are, the better the shielding effect on the magnetic field is.
The Ni-Fe-based alloy material with the Ni content of 70-80% has the characteristics of extremely high magnetic permeability, extremely low coercive force, high saturation magnetization and the like, particularly has extremely high magnetic permeability in a weak magnetic field, and has good low-frequency magnetic shielding effect. The Ni-based alloy material is often used as a magnetic shielding cover for devices with high sensitivity requirements, such as an aerospace fiber optic gyroscope, a high-precision atomic clock, a high-resolution scanning electron microscope and the like.
Austenitic stainless steel is a paramagnetic material, has a face-centered cubic structure and large atomic spacing, so that the ratio of the atomic spacing a to the diameter D of an unfilled electron shell is less than 3, and is macroscopically nonmagnetic. Under the action of an externally applied magnetic field, part of martensite and ferrite formed by cold deformation induction or element segregation can show extremely weak magnetism. Therefore, parts with magnetic requirements in the fields of instruments, aerospace, military industry and the like can be made of austenitic stainless steel.
The Fe-based alloy doped with Si element can have good magnetic properties including higher magnetic permeability, low coercive force and high resistivity. When the Fe-based alloy is used as a magnetic shielding structure, magnetic saturation is not easy to generate, and simultaneously, the high resistivity can increase eddy current loss to enable partial energy of an external magnetic field to be converted into heat energy, so that the magnetic shielding structure is suitable for magnetic shielding of a low-frequency strong magnetic field
The Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technology is one of the laser additive manufacturing technologies, and the metal parts are formed by melting powder layers layer by using laser, so that the method is very suitable for personalized small-batch production due to the unique advantages of a complex structure and rapid forming and high design freedom. At present, the laser melting technology is selected to be applied to the production of magnetic parts in a small range, such as the customization of a lightweight magnetic shielding structure and a novel motor part.
The laser cladding technology is a synchronous powder feeding type laser additive manufacturing technology different from selective laser melting, and the powder and the surface layer substrate are melted simultaneously on the surface of the substrate to form a coating. The laser cladding coating has high quality and low dilution rate, and is used for improving the performance of the matrix or providing new functions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a laser forming method of a special-shaped composite material magnetic shielding cover, which can provide customized magnetic shielding effects of low magnetic resistance, high saturation, high magnetic permeability and high sensitivity for parts.
The alloy composition of the composite magnetic shield cover comprises the following components: the first layer Ni-based alloy composition (wt％)：8.34～20.16Fe,3.74～8.85Mo,0.036～1.88Cu,0.36～5.89Cr,0.01～0.35Si,0.15～0.73Mn,0.05～0.67V,0.036～0.067C,0.0015La,0.0013Ce, is Ni in balance. The transition layer is made of non-magnetic alloy material (wt％)：0.005～0.03C,0.1～0.89Si,0.67～1.89Mn,0.013～0.042P,0.015～0.025S,9.83～14.7Ni,15.3-19.7Cr,1.67～2.83Mo, and the balance of Fe. The balance of Fe is Fe and the outer layer Fe-based alloy component (wt％)：2.88～11.34Si,0.29～0.78Al,0.083～0.17Mn,0.001～0.003C,0.027～0.033P,0.002～0.003S,0.01～3.24B,0.0015～0.049Re,0.013～0.67Cr,0.013～0.035Nb,0.003～0.008Ti,0.0023～3.46V,.
The protection element is subjected to model establishment by using laser three-dimensional scanning, a solid cylindrical model is modeled by MATERIALISEMAGICS software, the diameter and the height of the bottom surface of the cylinder are larger than the longest side of the horizontal section of the protection element and are more than 2mm, the cylinder and the protection element model are subjected to subtraction Boolean operation to obtain a shell, an air gap of 1-2 mm is reserved between the shell and the element, and the thickness of the shell is 2-4 mm.
The first layer magnetic shielding cover shell is prepared by using a selective laser melting technology, the laser power range is 150-300W, the scanning speed is 600-2000 mm/s, the scanning interval is 0.06-0.12 mm, and the slice layer thickness is 0.02-0.06 mm. The conical solid support and the block support are combined, the radius of the conical support is 0.3-0.6 mm, the distance is 1.5-2.5 mm, and the filling distance of the block XY axis is 0.06-1.2 mm. The laser scanning adopts a short straight line or checkerboard scanning mode, and the scanning angle of each layer is rotated by 45-90 degrees. After each layer of scanning is completed, the laser power is reduced by 50-100W, and the laser surface remelting is used for improving the density. The preheating temperature of the substrate in the forming process is 80-200 ℃.
Preparing a transition layer and an Fe-based alloy layer on the surface of the first shell by using a synchronous powder feeding laser cladding technology, wherein the process parameters of the transition layer are as follows: the laser power is 800-1200W, the scanning speed is 4-25 mm/s, the powder feeding speed is 12-20 g/min, the light spot diameter is 1.0-2.0 mm, the overlap ratio is 30-45%, the included angle between the laser beam and the normal direction of the inner wall is 8-13 degrees, the argon protection gas flow is 20-30L/min, and the non-magnetic alloy transition coating with the thickness of 0.2-0.6 mm is prepared. The outer layer process parameters are as follows: the laser power is 1200-1800W, the scanning speed is 6-18 mm/s, the powder feeding speed is 18-28 g/min, the light spot diameter is 1.0-2.0 mm, the overlap ratio is 35-50%, and the Fe-based alloy coating with the thickness of 0.6-2.5 mm is prepared.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a composite magnetic shield, wherein 1 is an Fe-based alloy layer, 2 is a non-magnetically permeable transition layer, and 3 is a Ni-based alloy layer
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the formation of an inner layer microstructure by different SLM processes
FIG. 3 is a graph of interfacial microhardness for different SLM processes
FIG. 4 is the shielding effectiveness of a composite magnetic shield
Detailed Description
Example 1
The method comprises the following steps:
(1) Ni-based alloy composition (wt%) for SLM forming shell: 12.37Fe,3.74Mo,0.036Cu,0.36Cr,0.015Si,0.15Mn,0.05V,0.036C,0.0015La,0.0013Ce and the balance Ni. The transition layer is non-magnetic alloy component (wt%): 0.005C,0.1Si,0.67Mn,0.013P,0.015S,9.83Ni,15.3Cr,1.67Mo, the balance being Fe; the outer layer Fe-based alloy composition (wt%): 2.88Si,0.001C,0.083Mn,0.027P,0.002S,0.29Al,0.01B,0.0015Re,0.013Cr,0.013Nb,0.003Ti,0.0023V, and the balance being Fe. Powder preparation is carried out by adopting an air atomization method, unit element powder weighing is carried out according to mass percent, and powder is mixed for 2 hours by using a ball mill to obtain alloy powder with uniformly distributed elements.
(2) The powder was dried in a vacuum oven for 4 hours at 120℃until use.
(3) The laser three-dimensional scanning protection element is used for model establishment, a MATERIALISEMAGICS software is used for modeling a solid cylindrical model, the diameter and the height of the bottom surface of the cylinder are larger than the longest side of the horizontal section of the protection element, and the height is more than 2mm, and the cylinder and the protection element model are subjected to subtraction Boolean operation to obtain the shell. The inside of the shell is smoothed and the thickness is adjusted so that an air gap of 1mm is reserved between the shell and the element, and the thickness of the shell is 2mm.
(4) Use MATERIALISEMAGICS software to support and add the module, support the cantilever structure that inside and horizontal angle of casing is less than 45 °, length is greater than 0.5mm and add, support and entity be toothed connection, tooth height 0.8mm, top length 0.4mm, bottom interval 0.2mm. When the cantilever length is more than 0.5mm and less than 2mm, using a block support, and filling the block XY axis by 1.2mm; when the cantilever length is more than 2mm, the conical support and the block support are combined, the radius of the conical support is 0.3mm, the distance between the conical support and the block support is 1.5mm, and the filling distance of the block XY axis is 1.2mm. Slicing is carried out according to the thickness of 30 mu m, and a stl format slice file is obtained.
(5) Filling the stl format file with the laser parameters and the scanning path to obtain and store the epi format file. The shell adopts a short linear scanning strategy, and the scanning angle of each layer is rotated by 45 ℃. The laser power is 150W, the scanning speed is 600mm/s, the scanning interval is 0.06mm, and the slice thickness is 0.03mm; the laser powers of the conical support and the block support are 130W and 100W respectively, the scanning speeds are 700mm/s and 1500mm/s respectively, and other parameters are the same as those of the shell. After each layer of scanning is completed, the laser power of the shell is reduced by 100W, and the laser surface remelting is used for improving the compactness of the shell.
(6) The GH3625 alloy is used as a substrate, alcohol is used for wiping and drying the surface, the substrate is preheated after being placed into a forming cavity, the preheating temperature is 80 ℃, and the plane horizontal height (+/-) is smaller than or equal to 0.03mm by calibration and leveling. Adding the dried Ni-based alloy powder into a storage bin, wherein the grain diameter of the alloy powder is 15-53 mu m, and introducing argon with the purity of more than 99.99% into a chamber to reduce the oxygen content to below 100 ppm.
(7) Transmitting the epi format file in the step (5) to the SLM device, and starting printing.
(8) And after printing, taking out the substrate after the temperature in the cabin is reduced to below 40 ℃, and recovering the substrate by using powder. The substrate and the printing case are separated by wire electric discharge cutting, and the supporting structure is removed and the supporting residue is polished by using tools such as pliers.
(9) And wiping the surface of the printing shell with acetone, fixing the printing shell on a positioner, moving a semiconductor laser cladding head to the surface of the shell, and adjusting the laser focal length on the surface of the shell. And respectively loading the dried transition layer non-magnetic alloy and outer layer Fe-based alloy powder into two powder feeding barrels connected with the cladding head, wherein the particle size of the alloy powder is 53-150 mu m.
(10) Opening a powder feeding port filled with a transition layer material, wherein the laser cladding parameters are as follows: the laser power is 800W, the scanning speed is 12mm/s, the powder feeding speed is 12g/min, the light spot diameter is 1.0mm, the lap joint rate is 30%, the included angle between the laser beam and the normal direction of the inner wall is 8 degrees, the argon protection gas flow is 20L/min, and the transition layer non-magnetic alloy coating with the thickness of 0.23mm is prepared. After cleaning the surface of the coating by using a steel brush, cleaning powder in the powder feeding pipe by using argon, replacing the powder in the powder feeding pipe with an Fe-based alloy powder feeding barrel, and carrying out laser cladding on the outermost layer. The technological parameters are laser power 1200W, scanning speed 6mm/s, powder feeding speed 18g/min, overlap ratio 35%, and the other layers are consistent with the transition layer, so that the Fe-based alloy coating with the thickness of 0.67mm is prepared.
(11) And taking the magnetic shielding cover off the position changing machine, flattening the surface by using a milling machine, polishing the surface to be smooth, and finally obtaining the composite material magnetic shielding cover with smooth surface and excellent magnetic shielding performance.
1. Microhardness test
And carrying out dotting indentation test on the surface of the SLM forming inner layer structure by adopting INNOVATEST D micro Vickers hardness tester, wherein the load is 1kg, the loading time is 10s, the adjacent indentation distance is more than 200 mu m, and the average micro hardness and standard deviation are obtained.
2. Magnetic shielding performance test
And applying an interference magnetic field by using a coil, performing magnetic shielding performance test on the machined magnetic shielding cover, respectively testing the magnetic field strength H 0、Hi of the magnetic shielding cover at the same point by using an excitation source f=50HZ, and calculating to obtain shielding effectiveness SE.
Example two
The method comprises the following steps:
(1) Ni-based alloy composition (wt%) for SLM forming shell: 14.36Fe,5.51Mo,0.08Cu,0.45Cr,0.025Si,0.49Mn,0.13V,0.05C,0.0015La,0.0013Ce and the balance Ni. The transition layer is non-magnetic alloy component (wt%): 0.008C,0.34Si,1.36Mn,0.027P,0.02S,11.89Ni,16.54Cr,2.31Mo and the balance of Fe; the outer layer Fe-based alloy composition (wt%): 6.7Si,0.001C,0.09Mn,0.02P,0.0015S,0.36Al,0.15B,0.0032Re,0.13Cr,0.026Nb,0.0035Ti,0.0046V, and the balance being Fe. Powder preparation is carried out by adopting an air atomization method, unit element powder weighing is carried out according to mass percent, and powder is mixed for 2 hours by using a ball mill to obtain alloy powder with uniformly distributed elements.
(2) The powder was dried in a vacuum oven for 4 hours at 120℃until use.
(3) The laser three-dimensional scanning protection element is used for model establishment, a MATERIALISEMAGICS software modeling solid cylindrical model is used for modeling, the diameter and the height of the bottom surface of the cylinder are larger than the longest side of the horizontal section of the protection element and are more than 2mm, and the subtraction Boolean operation is carried out on the bottom surface of the cylinder and the protection element model to obtain the shell. The inside of the shell is smoothed and the thickness is adjusted so that an air gap of 1.5mm is reserved between the shell and the element, and the thickness of the shell is 3mm.
(4) Use MATERIALISEMAGICS software to support and add the module, support the cantilever structure that inside and horizontal angle of casing is less than 45 °, length is greater than 0.5mm and add, support and entity be toothed connection, tooth height 0.8mm, top length 0.4mm, bottom interval 0.2mm. When the cantilever length is more than 0.5mm and less than 2mm, using a block support, and filling the block XY axis by 1.0mm; when the cantilever length is greater than 2mm, the conical support and the block support are combined, the radius of the conical support is 0.4mm, the interval is 2mm, and the filling distance of the block XY axis is 1.0mm. Slicing is carried out according to the thickness of 30 mu m, and a stl format slice file is obtained.
(5) Filling the stl format file with the laser parameters and the scanning path to obtain and store the epi format file. The shell adopts a checkerboard scanning strategy, and the scanning angle of each layer is rotated by 67 ℃. The laser power is 200W, the scanning speed is 800mm/s, the scanning interval is 0.08mm, and the slice thickness is 0.03mm; the laser powers of the conical support and the block support are 160W and 120W respectively, the scanning speeds are 800mm/s and 1300mm/s respectively, and other parameters are the same as those of the shell. After each layer of scanning is completed, the laser power of the shell is reduced by 100W, and the laser surface remelting is used for improving the compactness of the shell.
(6) The GH3625 alloy is used as a substrate, alcohol is used for wiping and drying the surface, the substrate is preheated after being placed into a forming cavity, the preheating temperature is 160 ℃, and the plane horizontal height (+/-) is smaller than or equal to 0.03mm by calibration and leveling. Adding the dried Ni-based alloy powder into a storage bin, wherein the grain diameter of the alloy powder is 15-53 mu m, and introducing argon with the purity of more than 99.99% into a chamber to reduce the oxygen content to below 100 ppm.
(7) Transmitting the epi format file in the step (5) to the SLM device, and starting printing.
(8) And after printing, taking out the substrate after the temperature in the cabin is reduced to below 40 ℃, and recovering the substrate by using powder. The substrate and the printing case are separated by wire electric discharge cutting, and the supporting structure is removed and the supporting residue is polished by using tools such as pliers.
(9) And wiping the surface of the printing shell with acetone, fixing the printing shell on a positioner, moving a semiconductor laser cladding head to the surface of the shell, and adjusting the laser focal length on the surface of the shell. And respectively loading the dried transition layer non-magnetic alloy and outer layer Fe-based alloy powder into two powder feeding barrels connected with the cladding head, wherein the particle size of the alloy powder is 53-150 mu m.
(10) Opening a powder feeding port filled with a transition layer material, wherein the laser cladding parameters are as follows: the laser power is 900W, the scanning speed is 14mm/s, the powder feeding speed is 18g/min, the light spot diameter is 1.5mm, the lap joint rate is 35%, the included angle between the laser beam and the normal direction of the inner wall is 10 degrees, the argon protection gas flow is 25L/min, and the transition layer non-magnetic alloy coating with the thickness of 0.38mm is prepared. After cleaning the surface of the coating by using a steel brush, cleaning powder in the powder feeding pipe by using argon, replacing the powder in the powder feeding pipe with an Fe-based alloy powder feeding barrel, and carrying out laser cladding on the outermost layer. The technological parameters are laser power 1400W, scanning speed 12mm/s, powder feeding speed 22g/min, light spot diameter 1.5mm and lap joint rate 40%, and the other materials are consistent with the transition layer, so that the Fe-based alloy coating with the thickness of 1.5mm is prepared.
(11) And taking the magnetic shielding cover off the position changing machine, flattening the surface by using a milling machine, polishing the surface to be smooth, and finally obtaining the composite material magnetic shielding cover with smooth surface and excellent magnetic shielding performance.
1. Microhardness test
And carrying out dotting indentation test on the surface of the SLM forming inner layer structure by adopting INNOVATEST D micro Vickers hardness tester, wherein the load is 1kg, the loading time is 10s, the adjacent indentation distance is more than 200 mu m, and the average micro hardness and standard deviation are obtained.
2. Magnetic shielding performance test
And applying an interference magnetic field by using a coil, performing magnetic shielding performance test on the machined magnetic shielding cover, respectively testing the magnetic field strength H 0、Hi of the magnetic shielding cover at the same point by using an excitation source f=50HZ, and calculating to obtain shielding effectiveness SE.
Example III
The method comprises the following steps:
(1) Ni-based alloy composition (wt%) for SLM forming shell: 15.63Fe,7.36Mo,0.56Cu,0.78Cr,0.3si,0.55Mn,0.08V,0.05C,0.0015La,0.0013Ce and the balance Ni. The transition layer is non-magnetic alloy component (wt%): 0.02C,0.7Si,1.89Mn,0.042P,0.025S,13.7Ni,17.7Cr,2.83Mo, and the balance being Fe; the outer layer Fe-based alloy composition (wt%): 8.3si,0.0025c,0.17mn,0.033p,0.003s,0.78al,1.88b,0.049re,0.67cr,0.035nb,0.005ti,0.73v, the balance being Fe. Powder preparation is carried out by adopting an air atomization method, unit element powder weighing is carried out according to mass percent, and powder is mixed for 2 hours by using a ball mill to obtain alloy powder with uniformly distributed elements.
(2) The powder was dried in a vacuum oven for 4 hours at 120℃until use.
(3) The laser three-dimensional scanning protection element is used for model establishment, a MATERIALISEMAGICS software modeling solid cylindrical model is used for modeling, the diameter and the height of the bottom surface of the cylinder are larger than the longest side of the horizontal section of the protection element and are more than 2mm, and the subtraction Boolean operation is carried out on the bottom surface of the cylinder and the protection element model to obtain the shell. The inside of the shell is smoothed and the thickness is adjusted so that a 2mm air gap is reserved between the shell and the element, and the thickness of the shell is 4mm.
(4) Use MATERIALISEMAGICS software to support and add the module, support the cantilever structure that inside and horizontal angle of casing is less than 45 °, length is greater than 0.5mm and add, support and entity be toothed connection, tooth height 0.8mm, top length 0.4mm, bottom interval 0.2mm. When the cantilever length is more than 0.5mm and less than 2mm, using a block support, and filling the block XY axis by 0.8mm; when the cantilever length is more than 2mm, the conical support and the block support are combined, the radius of the conical support is 0.55mm, the distance between the conical support and the block support is 2.5mm, and the filling distance of the block XY axis is 0.8mm. Slicing is carried out according to the thickness of 30 mu m, and a stl format slice file is obtained.
(5) Filling the stl format file with the laser parameters and the scanning path to obtain and store the epi format file. The shell adopts a short linear scanning strategy, and the scanning angle of each layer is rotated by 90 ℃. The laser power is 220W, the scanning speed is 900mm/s, the scanning interval is 0.06mm, and the slice thickness is 0.03mm; the laser powers of the conical support and the block support are 180W and 120W respectively, the scanning speeds are 900mm/s and 1200mm/s respectively, and other parameters are the same as those of the shell. After each layer of scanning is completed, the laser power of the shell is reduced by 100W, and the laser surface remelting is used for improving the compactness of the shell.
(6) The GH3625 alloy is used as a substrate, alcohol is used for wiping and drying the surface, the substrate is preheated after being placed into a forming cavity, the preheating temperature is 200 ℃, and the plane horizontal height (+/-) is smaller than or equal to 0.03mm by calibration and leveling. Adding the dried Ni-based alloy powder into a storage bin, wherein the grain diameter of the alloy powder is 15-53 mu m, and introducing argon with the purity of more than 99.99% into a chamber to reduce the oxygen content to below 100 ppm.
(7) Transmitting the epi format file in the step (5) to the SLM device, and starting printing.
(8) And after printing, taking out the substrate after the temperature in the cabin is reduced to below 40 ℃, and recovering the substrate by using powder. The substrate and the printing case are separated by wire electric discharge cutting, and the supporting structure is removed and the supporting residue is polished by using tools such as pliers.
(9) And wiping the surface of the printing shell with acetone, fixing the printing shell on a positioner, moving a semiconductor laser cladding head to the surface of the shell, and adjusting the laser focal length on the surface of the shell. And respectively loading the dried transition layer non-magnetic alloy and outer layer Fe-based alloy powder into two powder feeding barrels connected with the cladding head, wherein the particle size of the alloy powder is 53-150 mu m.
(10) Opening a powder feeding port filled with a transition layer material, wherein the laser cladding parameters are as follows: the laser power is 1000W, the scanning speed is 18mm/s, the powder feeding speed is 20g/min, the light spot diameter is 2mm, the lap ratio is 40%, the included angle between the laser beam and the normal direction of the inner wall is 12 degrees, the argon protection gas flow is 30L/min, and the transition layer non-magnetic alloy coating with the thickness of 0.57mm is prepared. After cleaning the surface of the coating by using a steel brush, cleaning powder in the powder feeding pipe by using argon, replacing the powder in the powder feeding pipe with an Fe-based alloy powder feeding barrel, and carrying out laser cladding on the outermost layer. The technological parameters are laser power 1600W, scanning speed 10mm/s, powder feeding speed 28g/min, light spot diameter 2mm, overlap ratio 50%, and the other layers are consistent with the transition layer, so that the Fe-based alloy coating with the thickness of 2.2mm is prepared.
(11) And taking the magnetic shielding cover off the position changing machine, flattening the surface by using a milling machine, polishing the surface to be smooth, and finally obtaining the composite material magnetic shielding cover with smooth surface and excellent magnetic shielding performance.
1. Microhardness test
And carrying out dotting indentation test on the surface of the SLM forming inner layer structure by adopting INNOVATEST D micro Vickers hardness tester, wherein the load is 1kg, the loading time is 10s, the adjacent indentation distance is more than 200 mu m, and the average micro hardness and standard deviation are obtained.
2. Magnetic shielding performance test
And applying an interference magnetic field by using a coil, performing magnetic shielding performance test on the machined magnetic shielding cover, respectively testing the magnetic field strength H 0、Hi of the magnetic shielding cover at the same point by using an excitation source f=50HZ, and calculating to obtain shielding effectiveness SE.
Claims (1)
1. A laser forming method of a special-shaped composite material magnetic shielding cover is characterized in that Ni-based alloy components wt%：8.34~20.16Fe,3.74~8.85Mo,0.036~1.88Cu,0.36~5.89Cr,0.01~0.35Si,0.15~0.73Mn,0.05~0.67V,0.036~0.067C,0.0015La,0.0013Ce, and the balance of Ni;
the balance of the non-magnetic alloy material wt%：0.005~0.03C,0.1~0.89Si,0.67~1.89Mn,0.013~0.042P,0.015~0.025S,9.83~14.7Ni,15.3-19.7Cr,1.67~2.83Mo, of the transition layer is Fe;
the balance of Fe is the outer layer Fe-based alloy component wt%：2.88~11.34Si,0.29~0.78Al,0.083~0.17Mn,0.001~0.003C,0.027~0.033P,0.002~0.003S,0.01~3.24B,0.0015~0.049Re,0.013~0.67Cr,0.013~0.035Nb,0.003~0.008Ti,0.0023~3.46V,;
The laser forming steps of the special-shaped composite magnetic shielding cover are as follows:
(1) Reversely modeling a special-shaped shell by scanning three-dimensional surface contour information of a magnetic shielding part in a laser three-dimensional mode, wherein the side surface of the shell is free of an opening, and the thickness of the shell is 2 mm-4 mm, so that the shell can cover the part and has an air gap of 1-2 mm; forming a Ni-based alloy shell by using an SLM, wherein the laser power range is 150-300W, the scanning speed is 600-2000 mm/s, the scanning interval is 0.06-0.12 mm, and the slice layer thickness is 0.02-0.06 mm; adopting the combination of a conical solid support and a block support, wherein the radius of the conical support is 0.3-0.6 mm, the distance is 1.5-2.5 mm, and the filling distance of a block XY axis is 0.06-1.2 mm; the laser scanning adopts a short straight line or checkerboard scanning mode, and the scanning angle of each layer rotates 45-90 degrees; reducing the laser power by 50-100W after each layer of scanning is completed, and remelting the laser surface to improve the density; the preheating temperature of the substrate in the forming process is 80-200 ℃;
(2) The coating is prepared on the surface of the shell by adopting synchronous powder feeding laser cladding, and the process parameters of the transition layer are as follows: the laser power is 800-1200W, the scanning speed is 4-25 mm/s, the powder feeding speed is 12-20 g/min, the light spot diameter is 1.0-2.0 mm, the overlap ratio is 30-45%, and the non-magnetic alloy transition coating with the thickness of 0.2-0.6 mm is prepared; the included angle between the laser beam and the normal direction of the inner wall is 8-13 degrees, and the argon protection gas flow is 20-30L/min; the outer layer process parameters are as follows: the laser power is 1200-1800W, the scanning speed is 6-18 mm/s, the powder feeding speed is 18-28 g/min, the light spot diameter is 1.0-2.0 mm, the overlap ratio is 35-50%, and the Fe-based alloy coating with the thickness of 0.6-2.5 mm is prepared; the included angle between the laser beam and the normal direction of the inner wall is 8-13 degrees, and the argon protection gas flow is 20-30L/min.
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| CN111593344A (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2020-08-28 | 广东工业大学 | Titanium alloy surface high-permeability wear-resistant coating material for magnetic fluid sealing and preparation method and application thereof |
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