CN114939672A - Manufacturing method of magnetic shielding structure material based on SLM forming - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of magnetic shielding structure material based on SLM forming Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A manufacturing method of magnetic shielding structure materials based on SLM forming belongs to the technical field of laser additive manufacturing. The structure includes: assembly structure, lightweight layer, magnetic shield layer. Elemental composition Mo of the alloy powder used: 1.8-9.48 wt%, V: 0.05 to 2.9 wt%, Nb 0.12 to 7.71 wt%, Al 0.7 to 2.48 wt%, Ti 1.02 to 3.44%, Cu: 0.1-3.8 wt%, Co: 0.02-3.2 wt%, Cr: 0.02-4.4 wt%, B: 0.01-8.45 wt%, Si 0.08-8.12%, Fe: 3.74-19.88 wt%, and the balance of Ni. The consumption of printing raw materials is reduced through a dot matrix filling mode, the weight of the magnetic shielding structure body is reduced, and the manufacturing efficiency of the magnetic shielding structure body is improved; the soft magnetic alloy with high magnetic permeability is obtained by controlling the process conditions, so that the shielding effectiveness of the magnetic shielding structure is improved. The magnetic shielding structure with high forming precision, light weight and excellent shielding performance is finally obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal additive manufacturing, and relates to a manufacturing method of a magnetic shielding structure material based on SLM forming.
Background
An optical fiber gyroscope (FOG) is widely applied to the fields of aviation, navigation, aerospace and national defense industry as a high-precision inertial navigator. However, in the magnetic field environment of actual operation, the optical fiber gyroscope (FOG) may be affected by the earth magnetic field and the surrounding electromagnetic equipment to generate signal drift, which results in the accuracy of the sensor being reduced. To solve this practical problem, a magnetic shield structure is prepared from a high-performance soft magnetic alloy as a raw material for assembly with a Fiber Optic Gyroscope (FOG) to help overcome the application limitation thereof.
The good soft magnetic material has the characteristics of easy magnetization and easy demagnetization, and also has low coercive force (10) 1 -10 3 A/m), high saturation magnetization, high magnetic permeability, high Curie temperature, low hysteresis loss, low magnetostriction and the like. As a basic functional material with a wide range of applications, it is used in almost all devices related to electric power. Many engineering devices such as stepper motors, power transformers, magnetic amplifiers and magnetic shielding structures are involved depending on their application.
The working principle of magnetic shielding is to place the protected device inside the magnetic shielding structure, and the external magnetic field is preferentially prevented from passing through the internal region through the magnetic shielding structure with high magnetic conductivity, so that the interference of magnetic field signals is isolated. The shielding effectiveness is used as a figure of merit for measuring the shielding efficiency of the structure, and is the ratio between the magnetic flux density outside the shielding structure and the magnetic flux density inside the shielding portion. The shielding effectiveness depends to a large extent on the permeability of the material, wherein high permeability materials can show high shielding effectiveness. By regulating and controlling the element components of the soft magnetic alloy powder and adding a small amount of other elements such as V, Nb, B and the like, soft magnetic structural materials with different performance characteristics can be obtained so as to adapt to different engineering application requirements.
The traditional part processing and manufacturing method has the problems of long manufacturing period, limited forming geometric structure, high material cost and the like. Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology is honored as a corollary trend in manufacturing development, where products with higher flexibility and integration are designed and manufactured in unique ways, and laser-assisted additive manufacturing methods have high dimensional accuracy of metal parts.
In recent years, Selective Laser Melting (SLM) draws wide attention in the construction of complex objects made of various metal materials, manufactured complex structural parts have incomparable advantages compared with the traditional manufacturing technology, and with the leaping development of the material increase manufacturing technology at home and abroad in the world, the SLM has wider research and application in the fields of aerospace, national defense and military, industry, biomedical treatment, automobiles and the like. By adopting the SLM to prepare the magnetic shielding structure, a formed part with fine crystal grains, complex geometric structure, high density and good magnetic shielding performance can be obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a manufacturing method of a magnetic shielding structure material based on SLM forming, and mainly aims to obtain a magnetic shielding structure with high forming precision, light weight and excellent shielding performance, and break through the limitation of the engineering application aspect.
The invention relates to an alloy powder for preparing a magnetic shielding structure material by using an SLM, which comprises the following components of Mo: 1.8-9.48 wt%, V: 0.05 to 2.9 wt%, Nb 0.12 to 7.71 wt%, Al 0.7 to 2.48 wt%, Ti 1.02 to 3.44%, Cu: 0.1-3.8 wt%, Co: 0.02-3.2 wt%, Cr: 0.02-4.4 wt%, B: 0.01-8.45 wt%, Si 0.08-8.12%, Fe: 3.74-19.88 wt%, and the balance being Ni.
The thickness of the inner layer assembly structure of the magnetic shielding structure is 10-25 mm. The laser power range adopted is 300W-1000W, the scanning speed is 2000-3500 mm/s, the scanning interval is 0.08-0.16 mm, the powder layer thickness is 0.25-0.45 mm, and the scanning mode is that each layer rotates 45-90 degrees. After powder spreading of each layer is finished, remelting laser twice along a scanning path to reduce non-fusion defects among large-scale layers; the preheating temperature of the substrate is 30-200 ℃, and argon is introduced into the forming cabin, so that the volume of the oxygen content is controlled to be below 0.1%. Finally, the yield strength of the inner layer assembly structure manufactured based on the SLM ranges from 300 MPa to 490MPa, and the tensile strength ranges from 670 MPa to 810 MPa.
The middle part of the magnetic shielding structure replaces the solid with the lattice design of the face-centered cubic structure to realize the light structure, as shown in fig. 1. The thickness of the middle layer is 10 to 35mm, and the size of the lattice cell structure is 5 × 5 × 5 to 30 × 30 × 30mm 3 The diameter of the rod unit is 0.16-2mm, and the relative density of the middle layer filling lattice structure is 60-90%. The laser power range adopted is 100W-800W, the scanning speed is 800-2500 mm/s, the scanning interval is 0.08-0.16 mm, the powder layer thickness is 0.25-0.45 mm, and the scanning mode is that each layer rotates 45-90 degrees. After powder spreading of each layer is finished, remelting twice by laser along a scanning path; the preheating temperature of the substrate is 30-200 ℃, and argon is introduced into the forming cabin, so that the volume of the oxygen content is controlled to be below 0.1%. And finally, manufacturing the intermediate lightweight layer filled with the lattice based on the SLM so that the weight of the whole magnetic shielding structure is successfully reduced by 50-76%.
The thickness of an external magnetic shielding layer of the magnetic shielding structure is 0.8-6.2 mm. The laser power range adopted is 200W-1000W, the scanning speed is 800-2000 mm/s, the scanning interval is 0.08-0.16 mm, the powder layer thickness is 0.25-0.45 mm, and the scanning mode is that each layer rotates 45-90 degrees. After powder spreading of each layer is finished, remelting twice by laser along a scanning path; the preheating temperature of the substrate is 30-200 ℃, and argon is introduced into the forming cabin, so that the volume of the oxygen content is controlled to be below 0.1%. The soft magnetic performance of an external magnetic shielding layer structure manufactured based on the SLM is regulated, and the coercivity range is 0.06-6.00 Oe, the saturation magnetic induction intensity range is 6400-9000 Gs, the remanence range is 2000-2600 Gs, and the maximum magnetic conductivity is 3600-9800. Finally, the shielding effectiveness of the magnetic shielding body is 49-85 dB.
The magnetic shielding structure material manufactured by adopting SLM forming has the characteristics of high forming precision, light weight, good soft magnetic performance and excellent shielding performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a magnetic shield structure
FIG. 2 is a hardness profile of SLM shaping
FIG. 3 is a metallographic structure of an SLM formed magnetic shield layer
FIG. 4 is a hysteresis loop of an SLM formed magnetic shield layer
FIG. 5 is a magnetic parameter of an SLM formed magnetic shield layer
FIG. 6 illustrates the shielding effectiveness of an SLM forming magnetic shielding structure
Detailed Description
Example 1
In order to realize the manufacturing method of the magnetic shielding structure material based on SLM forming, the manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
the SLM forming magnetic shielding structure material is designed with the alloy powder comprising the following components of Mo: 1.90 wt%, V: 0.58 wt%, Nb 1.01 wt%, Al 0.95 wt%, Ti 1.16 wt%, Cu: 0.24 wt%, Co: 1.08 wt%, Cr: 1.05 wt%, B: 1.77 wt%, Si:2.08 wt%, Fe: 5.92 wt%, and the balance Ni. Preparing powder by adopting an air atomization method, sieving the powder by using a 200-mesh powder sieve, and then weighing according to the mass percentage. Putting the weighed powder into a ball mill, mixing for 3 hours, and barreling for later use;
step 1, before printing by using selective laser melting equipment, placing mixed powder in a vacuum drying furnace at 110 ℃ for drying for about 2 hours, and removing moisture to eliminate the influence of the powder quality on the forming quality;
step 2, selecting a nickel-based alloy as a substrate, wiping the surface with alcohol, and drying the substrate by blowing, wherein the substrate is horizontally placed;
step 3, performing three-dimensional modeling and storage of the magnetic shielding structure on computer software;
in the step 3, the thickness of the inner layer assembly structure is 15mm, the thickness of the middle lightweight layer is 23mm, and the structure size of the lattice cell is designed to be 20 multiplied by 20mm 3 The diameter of the rod unit is 1.2mm, and the relative density of the middle layer filling lattice structure is 88%; the thickness of the external magnetic shielding layer is designed to be 5 mm;
step 4, importing the model stored in the step 3 into slicing software to perform model layered slicing processing and storing;
and 5, importing the model stored in the step 4 into parameter setting software, setting and storing process parameters such as laser power, scanning speed and scanning strategy.
The technological conditions of the SLM forming magnetic shielding structure inner layer assembling structure set in the step 5 are as follows: the laser power was 300W and the scanning speed was 2000 mm/s. The technological conditions for SLM forming the light shielding structure lightweight layer are as follows: the laser power was 100W and the scanning speed was 1000 mm/s. The technological conditions for arranging the outer magnetic shielding layer of the SLM forming magnetic shielding structure are as follows: the laser power was 200W and the scanning speed was 1000 mm/s.
The scanning interval set in the step 5 is 0.08 mm; the thickness of the powder layer is 0.03 mm; the scanning mode is that each layer rotates by 45 degrees; after powder spreading of each layer is finished, remelting twice by laser along a scanning path; the preheating temperature of the substrate is 50 ℃, and argon is introduced into the forming cabin, so that the volume of the oxygen content is controlled to be below 0.1 percent.
And after the SLM is printed successfully, shutting down the machine, cooling and taking out. The substrate was cut along the end face by wire cutting to separate the molded sample from the substrate.
The shaped magnetic test specimens of this example were tested for performance as follows.
1. Microhardness test
Microhardness test of inner layer assembly structure section of magnetic shield layer formed by SLM was carried out by using Wilson HV microhardness tester, dotting was carried out every 0.25mm, load was applied to 200gf for 10s, and average microhardness of the sample was calculated to be 251.58 + -14.9 HV 0.2
2. Magnetic property test
The magnetic performance of an annular test sample prepared by the process of forming the magnetic shielding layer by the SLM is tested by adopting a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), and the size is as follows: inner diameter 31mm, outer diameter 42mm, height: 5 mm. Slightly polishing to remove surface stains, generating a hysteresis curve of 300K under a 1T magnetic field to obtain a magnetization curve and a hysteresis loop (B-H) of the sample, and calculating to obtain the coercive force of the formed sample, namely 0.4371Oe, the saturation magnetic induction intensity of 6459Gs, the remanence of 2569Gs and the maximum magnetic permeability of 3609.
Example 2
In order to realize the manufacturing method of the magnetic shielding structure material based on SLM forming, the manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
the SLM forming magnetic shielding structure material is designed with the alloy powder comprising the following components of Mo: 3.21 wt%, V: 1.50 wt%, Nb 0.21 wt%, Al 1.13 wt%, Ti 1.96 wt%, Cu: 1.01 wt%, Co: 1.21 wt%, Cr: 1.85 wt%, B: 0.87 wt%, Si 1.05 wt%, Fe: 11.02 wt%, the balance being Ni. Preparing powder by adopting an air atomization method, sieving the powder by using a 200-mesh powder sieve, and then weighing according to the mass percentage. Putting the weighed powder into a ball mill, mixing for 3 hours, and barreling for later use;
in order to implement the method for manufacturing a magnetic shielding structure based on SLM forming according to the present invention, the implementation steps are the same as those in embodiment 1, and are not described herein again, except that the process conditions of the inner layer assembly structure of the SLM forming magnetic shielding structure are: the laser power was 500W and the scanning speed was 2500 mm/s. The technological conditions of the intermediate lightweight layer of the SLM forming magnetic shielding structure are as follows: the laser power was 300W and the scanning speed was 900 mm/s. The technological conditions for arranging the outer magnetic shielding layer of the SLM forming magnetic shielding structure are as follows: the laser power was 500W and the scanning speed was 1400 mm/s. The scanning distance is 0.10 mm; the thickness of the powder layer is 0.03 mm; the scanning strategy is that each layer rotates by 67 degrees, and after powder paving of each layer is completed, laser scans once along the path and then remelting is carried out; preheating the substrate to 80 ℃; argon gas is introduced into the forming cabin, so that the volume of the oxygen content is controlled to be below 0.1 percent.
And after the SLM is printed successfully, shutting down the machine, cooling and taking out. The substrate was cut along the end face by wire cutting to separate the molded sample from the substrate.
The shaped magnetic test specimens of this example were then tested for performance.
1. Microhardness test
And (3) performing microhardness test by using a Wilson HV microhardness tester to form the section of the inner layer assembly structure of the magnetic shielding layer by using the SLM, dotting every 0.25mm, applying a load of 200gf for 10s, and calculating to obtain the average microhardness of the sample.
2. Measurement of magnetic Properties
The magnetic performance of the annular test sample prepared by the process of forming the magnetic shielding layer by the SLM is tested by adopting a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), and the size is as follows: inner diameter 31mm, outer diameter 42mm, height: 5 mm. Slightly polishing to remove surface stains, generating a hysteresis curve of 300K under a 1T magnetic field to obtain a magnetization curve and a hysteresis loop (B-H) of the sample, and calculating to obtain the coercive force, the saturation magnetic induction intensity, the remanence and the maximum magnetic permeability of the formed sample.
Example 3
In order to realize the manufacturing method of the magnetic shielding structure material based on SLM forming, the manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
the SLM forming magnetic shielding structure material is designed with the alloy powder comprising the following components of Mo: 4.07 wt%, V: 1.67 wt%, Nb 0.41 wt%, Al 1.23 wt%, Ti 1.42 wt%, Cu: 1.11 wt%, Co: 2.03 wt%, Cr: 2.01 wt%, B: 1.09 wt%, Si 1.39 wt%, Fe: 15.12 wt%, the balance being Ni. Preparing powder by adopting an air atomization method, sieving the powder by using a 200-mesh powder sieve, and then weighing according to the mass percentage. Putting the weighed powder into a ball mill, mixing for 3 hours, and barreling for later use;
in order to realize the method for manufacturing the magnetic shielding structure based on the SLM forming, the implementation steps are the same as those in embodiment example 1, and are not described herein again, except that the process conditions of the inner layer assembly structure of the SLM forming magnetic shielding structure are as follows: the laser power was 800W and the scanning speed was 3000 mm/s. The technological conditions of the intermediate lightweight layer of the SLM forming magnetic shielding structure are as follows: the laser power was 600W and the scanning speed was 1200 mm/s. The technological conditions for arranging the outer magnetic shielding layer of the SLM forming magnetic shielding structure specifically comprise the following steps: the laser power was 700W and the scanning speed was 1600 mm/s. The scanning distance is 0.12 mm; the thickness of the powder layer is 0.03 mm; the scanning strategy is that each layer rotates 90 degrees, and after powder paving of each layer is completed, laser scans once along the path and then remelting is carried out; preheating the substrate to 120 ℃; argon gas is introduced into the forming cabin, so that the volume of the oxygen content is controlled to be below 0.1 percent.
And after the SLM is successfully printed, shutting down the machine, cooling and taking out. The substrate was cut along the end face by wire cutting to separate the molded sample from the substrate.
Next, the magnetic test specimens formed in this example were subjected to a performance test.
1. Microhardness test
And (3) performing microhardness test on the section of the inner layer assembling structure of the magnetic shielding layer formed by the SLM by using a Wilson HV microhardness tester, dotting every 0.25mm, applying a load of 200gf, and calculating for 10s to obtain the average microhardness of the sample.
2. Magnetic property test
The magnetic performance of the annular test sample prepared by the process of forming the magnetic shielding layer by the SLM is tested by adopting a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), and the size is as follows: inner diameter 31mm, outer diameter 42mm, height: 5 mm. Slightly polishing to remove surface stains, generating a hysteresis curve of 300K under a 1T magnetic field to obtain a magnetization curve and a hysteresis loop (B-H) of the sample, and calculating to obtain the coercive force, the saturation magnetic induction intensity, the remanence and the maximum magnetic conductivity of the formed sample.
Example 4
In order to realize the manufacturing method of the magnetic shielding structure material based on SLM forming, the manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
the SLM forming magnetic shielding structure material is designed with the alloy powder comprising the following components of Mo: 5.11 wt%, V: 2.07 wt%, Nb 0.61 wt%, Al 2.04 wt%, Ti 0.92 wt%, Cu: 1.27 wt%, Co: 2.32 wt%, Cr: 2.41 wt%, B: 1.22 wt%, Si 1.79 wt%, Fe: 17.02 wt%, the balance being Ni. Preparing powder by adopting an air atomization method, sieving the powder by using a 200-mesh powder sieve, and then weighing according to the mass percentage. Putting the weighed powder into a ball mill, mixing for 3 hours, and barreling for later use;
in order to implement the method for manufacturing a magnetic shielding structure based on SLM forming according to the present invention, the implementation steps are the same as those in embodiment 1, and are not described herein again, except that the process conditions for setting the inner layer assembly structure of the SLM forming magnetic shielding structure are as follows: the laser power was 1000W and the scanning speed was 3500 mm/s. The technological conditions for setting the intermediate lightweight layer of the SLM forming magnetic shielding structure are as follows: the laser power was 800W and the scanning speed was 1400 mm/s. The technological conditions for arranging the outer magnetic shielding layer of the SLM forming magnetic shielding structure are as follows: the laser power was 1000W and the scanning speed was 1800 mm/s. The scanning distance h is 0.14 mm; the thickness of the powder layer is 0.03 mm; the scanning strategy is a 67 degree rotation per layer; after powder paving of each layer is finished, remelting is carried out after laser scans once along the path; preheating the substrate to 80 ℃; argon gas is introduced into the forming cabin, so that the volume of the oxygen content is controlled to be below 0.1 percent.
And after the SLM is printed successfully, shutting down the machine, cooling and taking out. The substrate was cut along the end face by wire cutting to separate the molded sample from the substrate.
The shaped magnetic test specimens of this example were then tested for performance.
1. Microhardness test
And (3) performing microhardness test on the section of the inner layer assembly structure of the magnetic shielding layer formed by the SLM by using a Wilson HV microhardness tester, dotting every 0.25mm, applying a load of 200gf for 10s, and calculating to obtain the average microhardness of the sample.
2. Magnetic property test
The magnetic performance of the annular test sample prepared by the process of forming the magnetic shielding layer by the SLM is tested by adopting a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), and the size is as follows: inner diameter 31mm, outer diameter 42mm, height: 5 mm. Slightly polishing to remove surface stains, generating a hysteresis curve of 300K under a 1T magnetic field to obtain a magnetization curve and a hysteresis loop (B-H) of the sample, and calculating to obtain the coercive force, the saturation magnetic induction intensity, the remanence and the maximum magnetic conductivity of the formed sample.
Claims (1)
1. A manufacturing method of magnetic shielding structure material based on SLM forming is characterized in that: the powder element composition used was Mo: 1.8-9.48 wt%, V: 0.05 to 2.9 wt%, Nb 0.12 to 7.71 wt%, Al 0.7 to 2.48 wt%, Ti 1.02 to 3.44%, Cu: 0.1-3.8 wt%, Co: 0.02-3.2 wt%, Cr: 0.02-4.4 wt%, B: 0.01-8.45 wt%, Si 0.08-8.12%, Fe: 3.74-19.88 wt%, and the balance being Ni; the magnetic shielding structure is composed of an inner layer assembly structure, a middle lightweight layer and an outer magnetic shielding layer;
(1) the thickness of the inner layer assembly structure is 10-25 mm, the adopted laser power range is 300-1000W, the scanning speed is 2000-3500 mm/s, and the scanning interval is 0.08-0.16 mm;
(2) the thickness of the intermediate lightweight layer is 10-35 mm, and the adopted surfaceThe lattice filling design of the core-cubic structure, the structure size of the lattice cell is 5 × 5 × 5 to 30 × 30 × 30mm 3 The diameter of the rod unit is 0.16-2mm, and the relative density of the middle layer filling lattice structure is 60-90%; the adopted laser power range is 100W-800W, the scanning speed is 800-2500 mm/s, and the scanning interval is 0.08-0.16 mm;
(3) the thickness of the external magnetic shielding layer is 0.8-6.2 mm, the adopted laser power range is 200W-1000W, the scanning speed is 800-2000 mm/s, and the scanning interval is 0.08-0.16 mm;
the thickness of the SLM forming magnetic shielding structure material is 0.25-0.45 mm; the scanning mode is that each layer rotates 45-90 degrees; remelting the laser twice along the scanning path after powder spreading is finished each time; the preheating temperature of the substrate is 30-200 ℃;
argon is introduced into the forming cabin, so that the volume content of oxygen is controlled to be below 0.1 percent.
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| CN115592131A (en) * | 2022-10-24 | 2023-01-13 | 北京工业大学（Cn） | Integrated forming method for negative Poisson ratio interlayer member and magnetic shielding layer |
| CN115722681A (en) * | 2022-10-24 | 2023-03-03 | 北京工业大学 | Laser forming method for special-shaped structure composite material magnetic shielding cover |
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