CN115720965B - Method for reducing nitrate nitrogen content of silage by utilizing sulfite - Google Patents
Method for reducing nitrate nitrogen content of silage by utilizing sulfite Download PDFInfo
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- CN115720965B CN115720965B CN202211497174.4A CN202211497174A CN115720965B CN 115720965 B CN115720965 B CN 115720965B CN 202211497174 A CN202211497174 A CN 202211497174A CN 115720965 B CN115720965 B CN 115720965B
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- silage
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- nitrogen content
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- sulfite
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- 239000004460 silage Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 27
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 24
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 244000138286 Sorghum saccharatum Species 0.000 claims description 32
- 235000011684 Sorghum saccharatum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
- JVMRPSJZNHXORP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ON=O.ON=O.ON=O.N Chemical compound ON=O.ON=O.ON=O.N JVMRPSJZNHXORP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 40
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 19
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- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 15
- 239000012086 standard solution Substances 0.000 description 15
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 10
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000004811 liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 9
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- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 9
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- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 241000209504 Poaceae Species 0.000 description 7
- 241000282849 Ruminantia Species 0.000 description 7
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 5
- 240000002439 Sorghum halepense Species 0.000 description 5
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical group [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 3
- 229920008327 Carbomix Polymers 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 235000015503 Sorghum bicolor subsp. drummondii Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 244000064817 Sorghum halepense var. sudanense Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000004178 amaranth Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 3
- FWFGVMYFCODZRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidanium;hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound O.OS(O)(=O)=O FWFGVMYFCODZRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 201000000297 Erysipelas Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007230 Sorghum bicolor Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000046109 Sorghum vulgare var. nervosum Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000006923 Sorghum x drummondii Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000004767 rumen Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000272517 Anseriformes Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010003497 Asphyxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000209763 Avena sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000234643 Festuca arundinacea Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000209082 Lolium Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical group [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bisulfite Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])=O DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000020247 cow milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004461 grass silage Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002013 hydrophilic interaction chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000403 monosodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019799 monosodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000989 no adverse effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035790 physiological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012113 quantitative test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000817 safety factor Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 235000020254 sheep milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004289 sodium hydrogen sulphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium perchlorate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001488 sodium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for reducing the nitrate nitrogen content of silage by utilizing sulfite. The invention provides an application of sulfite as an additive in reducing nitrate nitrogen content of silage. The invention also provides a method for preparing silage, which comprises the following steps: sulfite is added as an additive in the preparation of silage. Aiming at the problem of high nitrate nitrogen content of silage, the silage fermentation process is regulated and controlled by using the additive, so that the degradation rate of nitrate nitrogen in the silage is improved on the premise of not influencing the fermentation quality, the increase of nitrite nitrogen content is avoided, and the problem of high feeding safety risk of the silage caused by high nitrate nitrogen content can be effectively solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of silage processing, and particularly relates to a method for reducing the nitrate nitrogen content of silage by utilizing sulfite.
Background
Along with the improvement of the living standard of people, the demands for high-quality livestock products are increasing, wherein the consumption of ruminant livestock products such as cow and sheep milk, cow and sheep meat and the like is expanding, and under the pull of market demands, higher demands are also put on the production scale and the product quality of ruminant livestock. The feed is the basis for developing ruminant production, the supply capacity and quality of the feed limit the scale and level of the ruminant production, meanwhile, toxic and harmful substances in the feed are important safety factors affecting the health level of the livestock, and the risk of threatening human health through food chain transmission exists, so that the quality and safety level of the feed are improved, and the quality of the livestock products is controlled from the source.
Forage grass silage such as sorghum, oat and the like is a main component of daily ration of ruminant livestock, is an important material basis for developing the livestock industry of ruminant livestock, and plays an indispensable role in providing nutrient substances, balancing feed supply, expanding feed resources and the like. However, in the high-yield cultivation mode of forage grass, in order to improve the yield of the cereal forage grass, the application of nitrogen fertilizer is a necessary means for guaranteeing the feed of the forage grass, and the influence of climatic conditions, planting density and other conditions often causes the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen of the cereal forage grass while realizing high yield, so that the nitrogen fertilizer becomes a primary cause for influencing the quality safety of livestock products. The investigation result shows that the phenomenon that nitrate nitrogen exceeds standard is commonly existed in the silage raw materials of the main cereal forage grass such as whole corn, sorghum, ryegrass, oat, festuca arundinacea and the like, and the phenomenon becomes a main factor for limiting feeding.
Nitrate nitrogen in cereal forage silage does not directly harm livestock, but nitrate nitrogen is converted into nitrite nitrogen under the action of rumen microorganisms, and the nitrite nitrogen can seriously harm livestock, so that whole body tissues of animals, particularly brain tissues, are damaged, and even suffocation is caused, so that death is caused. In the process of preparing the silage by the cereal forage grass with high nitrate nitrogen content, the degradation of nitrate nitrogen can be realized to a certain extent, but the degradation degree of nitrate nitrogen is lower and unstable during natural silage fermentation, and the condition that the nitrate nitrogen content in the silage exceeds the standard still exists widely. If nitrate nitrogen contained in the cereal forage silage is largely converted into nitrite nitrogen in rumen of ruminant livestock, the physiological state and production performance of the fed livestock are affected, and the quality of milk products and meat is also affected. Therefore, reducing nitrate nitrogen in cereal forage silage is a precondition for guaranteeing animal health and production performance and improving quality and safety of livestock products, and effective regulation and control technical means must be explored to reduce the nitrate nitrogen content in silage.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for reducing the nitrate nitrogen content of silage by utilizing sulfite.
The invention provides an application of sulfite as an additive in reducing nitrate nitrogen content of silage.
The invention also provides application of the sulfite as an additive in improving the degradation rate of nitrate nitrogen in silage.
The invention also provides the use of sulphite as an additive for lowering the pH of silage.
The invention also provides application of the sulfite as an additive in reducing ethanol content of silage.
The invention also provides application of the sulfite in preparing silage.
The silage prepared by adding sulfite has the following characteristics (a) and/or (b) and/or (c) and/or (d) compared with the silage prepared without adding sulfite:
(a) The nitrate nitrogen content is lower;
(b) The pH value is lower;
(c) The ethanol content is lower;
(d) The quality is higher.
Silage prepared with sulfite as additive has the following properties (a) and/or (b) and/or (c) and/or (d) compared to the absence of additive:
(a) The nitrate nitrogen content is lower;
(b) The pH value is lower;
(c) The ethanol content is lower;
(d) The quality is higher.
The use of sulphite as additive for the preparation of silage has the following advantages (e) and/or (f) and/or (g) and/or (h) compared to the use of carbonate as additive for the preparation of silage:
(e) The dosage is greatly reduced, so that the preparation cost of silage is reduced;
(f) The degradation rate of nitrate nitrogen is increased;
(g) Lowering the pH value of silage
(H) Reducing the ethanol content of silage.
A decrease in pH indicates an increase in silage quality.
The reduced ethanol content means reduced material loss during ensiling.
In the application, sulfite is added into raw materials when silage is prepared.
In the application, the method for preparing silage comprises the following steps: taking raw materials, cutting the raw materials to 1cm, adding additives, uniformly mixing, filling into vacuum bags (400-600 g for each bag), vacuumizing, sealing, and preserving at room temperature for 50-60 d to obtain silage.
In the application, the method for preparing silage comprises the following steps: cutting the raw materials into 1cm by a hay cutter, adding additives, uniformly mixing, filling into vacuum bags (600 g for each bag), vacuumizing by a vacuum machine, sealing, and preserving at room temperature for 60d to obtain silage.
In the application, the method for preparing silage comprises the following steps: cutting the raw materials into 1cm by a hay cutter, adding additives, mixing, packaging into silage bags (400 g each), vacuumizing by a vacuum machine, sealing, and preserving at room temperature for 50d to obtain silage.
In the application, the method for preparing silage comprises the following steps: cutting the raw materials into pieces of about 1cm by a hay cutter, adding additives, mixing, filling into vacuum bags (600 g for each bag), vacuumizing by a vacuum machine, sealing, and preserving at room temperature for 50d to obtain silage.
The raw material is Gramineae plant.
The raw material is aerial parts of Gramineae plants.
In the application, the addition amount of the sulfite as the additive is 0.1 to 0.3 per mill.
The addition amount is an addition amount relative to the raw material.
The addition amount is the addition amount relative to the fresh weight of the raw materials.
Specifically, the sulfite is Na 2SO3.
The invention also provides a method for preparing silage, which comprises the following steps: sulfite is added as an additive in the preparation of silage.
The method comprises the following steps: in the preparation of silage, sulfite is added as an additive to the raw material.
The method comprises the following steps: taking raw materials, cutting the raw materials to 1cm, adding additives, uniformly mixing, filling into vacuum bags (400-600 g for each bag), vacuumizing, sealing, and preserving at room temperature for 50-60 d to obtain silage.
The method comprises the following steps: cutting the raw materials into 1cm by a hay cutter, adding additives, uniformly mixing, filling into vacuum bags (600 g for each bag), vacuumizing by a vacuum machine, sealing, and preserving at room temperature for 60d to obtain silage.
The method comprises the following steps: cutting the raw materials into 1cm by a hay cutter, adding additives, mixing, packaging into silage bags (400 g each), vacuumizing by a vacuum machine, sealing, and preserving at room temperature for 50d to obtain silage.
The method comprises the following steps: cutting the raw materials into pieces of about 1cm by a hay cutter, adding additives, mixing, filling into vacuum bags (600 g for each bag), vacuumizing by a vacuum machine, sealing, and preserving at room temperature for 50d to obtain silage.
The raw material is Gramineae plant.
The raw material is aerial parts of Gramineae plants.
In the method, the addition amount of the sulfite as the additive is 0.1 to 0.3 per mill.
The addition amount is an addition amount relative to the raw material.
The addition amount is the addition amount relative to the fresh weight of the raw materials.
Specifically, the sulfite is Na 2SO3.
The silage prepared by adding sulfite has the following characteristics (a) and/or (b) and/or (c) and/or (d) compared with the silage prepared without adding sulfite:
(a) The nitrate nitrogen content is lower;
(b) The pH value is lower;
(c) The ethanol content is lower;
(d) The quality is higher.
Silage prepared with sulfite as additive has the following properties (a) and/or (b) and/or (c) and/or (d) compared to the absence of additive:
(a) The nitrate nitrogen content is lower;
(b) The pH value is lower;
(c) The ethanol content is lower;
(d) The quality is higher.
The use of sulphite as additive for the preparation of silage has the following advantages (e) and/or (f) and/or (g) and/or (h) compared to the use of carbonate as additive for the preparation of silage:
(e) The dosage is greatly reduced, so that the preparation cost of silage is reduced;
(f) The degradation rate of nitrate nitrogen is increased;
(g) Lowering the pH value of silage
(H) Reducing the ethanol content of silage.
A decrease in pH indicates an increase in silage quality.
The reduced ethanol content means reduced material loss during ensiling.
Specifically, the silage is prepared from cereal forage grass.
Specifically, the silage is prepared from the aerial parts of cereal forage grass.
Specifically, the silage is prepared from forage grass.
Specifically, the silage is prepared from the aerial parts of forage grass.
Specifically, the silage is prepared from gramineae plants as raw materials.
Specifically, the silage is prepared from aerial parts of plants of Gramineae.
Specifically, the silage is prepared from sorghum plants.
Specifically, the silage is prepared from aerial parts of sorghum plants.
Specifically, the silage is prepared from feed sorghum.
Specifically, the silage is prepared from the aerial parts of feed sorghum.
Specifically, the silage is prepared from feed sweet sorghum.
Specifically, the silage is prepared from the aerial parts of forage sweet sorghum.
Specifically, the silage is prepared from oat.
Specifically, the silage is prepared from aerial parts of oat.
Specifically, the silage is prepared from sorghum halepense.
Specifically, the silage is prepared from aerial parts of sorghum halepense.
The Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor× Sorghum sudanense) is an annual gramineous plant obtained by crossing Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) for feeding and sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense). The sorghum combines the remarkable advantages of thick stem and wide leaf of sorghum for feeding, strong regeneration capacity and tillering capacity of the sorghum, and the like, and has very remarkable hybrid vigor. The stem and leaf of the high-erysipelas contains crude protein, is rich in sugar, is very suitable for silage, and can be used for raising livestock and poultry such as cattle, sheep, rabbits, geese, fish and the like; because the high-erysipelas are C4 plants, the plant growth method has strong regeneration capability and rapid growth, and can adapt to multiple mowing, the plant growth method also can show high quality and high yield in production, and has obvious benefit. The fresh sorghum halepense has large water content and thick stem skin, is difficult to prepare into hay, but has rich sugar content in stems and leaves, and is very suitable for preparing silage.
Sugar sorghum (Sorghum dochna (forssk.) Snowden) for feed use belongs to the genus sorghum of the family poaceae.
Specifically, the silage is prepared from sorghum large card (Big kahuna), sorghum sweet Gray (Sugar Graze) or sorghum Jicao No. 6.
Specifically, the silage is prepared from the aerial parts of Kaoliang Daka (Big kahuna), kaoliang sweet Graze (Sugar Graze) or Gaodan Jicao No. 6.
Aiming at the problem of high nitrate nitrogen content of silage, the silage fermentation process is regulated and controlled by using the additive, so that the degradation rate of nitrate nitrogen in the silage is improved on the premise of not influencing the fermentation quality, the increase of nitrite nitrogen content is avoided, and the problem of high feeding safety risk of the silage caused by high nitrate nitrogen content can be effectively solved.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings that are presented to illustrate the invention and not to limit the scope thereof. The examples provided below are intended as guidelines for further modifications by one of ordinary skill in the art and are not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way.
The experimental methods in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are conventional methods, and are carried out according to techniques or conditions described in the literature in the field or according to the product specifications. Materials, reagents and the like used in the examples described below are commercially available unless otherwise specified. Unless otherwise indicated, the quantitative tests in the examples below were all performed in triplicate, and the results averaged. Room temperature refers to 20-25 ℃. Fresh weight, i.e. the weight directly weighed. The dry weight, i.e. the weight of the dry matter, is obtained by drying at 65 ℃ to constant weight and weighing.
A method for detecting nitrate nitrogen (NO 3 -N): taking a test sample, drying the test sample at 65 ℃ until the test sample is constant in weight, crushing the test sample and sieving the test sample by 40 meshes, then weighing 5g of the test sample, adding 250mL of phosphoric acid buffer (the phosphoric acid buffer is prepared by taking 1.79g of disodium hydrogen phosphate, 0.78g of sodium dihydrogen phosphate and 14.04g of sodium perchlorate, using distilled water to fix the volume to 1L, and the same applies below), carrying out oscillation reaction at 180rpm for 20min, then filtering the reaction product by using a filter membrane with the pore diameter of 0.22 mu m, and collecting filtrate; detecting the content of a target in the filtrate by adopting a liquid chromatography, wherein a chromatographic column is Shodex NH 2P-50E (totally called Shodex HILIC chromatographic column ASAHIPAK NH P-504E 4.6x250 mm), a mobile phase is phosphoric acid buffer solution, the flow rate of the mobile phase is 1 mL/min -1, the column temperature is 40 ℃, the sample injection amount is 10 mu L, and the detection wavelength is 210nm; preparing a standard solution with gradient concentration by using standard sodium nitrate and distilled water, wherein the nitrate nitrogen concentration in the standard solution is sequentially 0.5 mug/mL, 1 mug/mL, 2 mug/mL, 5 mug/mL and 10 mug/mL, and then carrying out liquid chromatography on the standard solution according to the conditions to prepare a standard curve taking the target peak area (retention time corresponding to the target peak is 7.44 min) and the nitrate nitrogen concentration as variables; according to the standard curve, the nitrate nitrogen content in the filtrate is calculated, and the nitrate nitrogen content (mg) in the test sample per unit dry weight (kg) is further calculated, wherein the unit is mg/kg.
A method for detecting nitrite nitrogen (NO 2 -N): taking a test sample, drying the test sample at 65 ℃ until the test sample is constant in weight, crushing the test sample and sieving the test sample with 40 meshes, weighing 5g of the test sample, adding 250mL of phosphoric acid buffer solution, carrying out oscillation reaction at 180rpm for 20min, filtering the test sample with a filter membrane with the pore diameter of 0.22 mu m, and collecting filtrate; detecting the content of a target in the filtrate by adopting a liquid chromatography, wherein a chromatographic column is Shodex NH2P-50 4E, a mobile phase is phosphoric acid buffer solution, the flow rate of the mobile phase is 1 mL/min -1, the column temperature is 40 ℃, the sample injection amount is 10 mu L, and the detection wavelength is 210nm; preparing a standard solution with gradient concentration by using standard sodium nitrite and distilled water, wherein the concentration of nitrite nitrogen in the standard solution is sequentially 0.5 mug/mL, 1 mug/mL, 2 mug/mL, 5 mug/mL and 10 mug/mL, and then carrying out liquid chromatography on the standard solution according to the conditions to prepare a standard curve taking the target peak area (the retention time corresponding to the target peak is 6.01 min) and the nitrite nitrogen concentration as variables; according to the standard curve, the nitrite nitrogen content in the filtrate is calculated, and the nitrite nitrogen content (mg) in the test sample per unit dry weight (kg) is further calculated, wherein the unit is mg/kg.
Method for detecting lactic acid: taking 10g of a fresh weight of a sample (another part of the sample is taken in parallel to weigh dry weight), adding the sample into 90mL of distilled water, standing for 12 hours at 4 ℃, collecting supernatant, filtering the supernatant by adopting a filter membrane with the pore diameter of 0.22 mu m, and collecting filtrate; detecting the content of a target in the filtrate by adopting a liquid chromatography, wherein a chromatographic column is Carbomix H-NP5, a mobile phase is 2.5mmol/L sulfuric acid water solution, the flow rate of the mobile phase is 0.6 mL/min -1, the column temperature is 55 ℃, the sample injection amount is 10 mu L, and the detection is carried out by a differential detector (the detector temperature is 35 ℃); preparing a standard solution with gradient concentration by using standard lactic acid and distilled water, wherein the concentration of the lactic acid in the standard solution is 0.5mg/mL, 0.75mg/mL, 1mg/mL, 2mg/mL and 2.5mg/mL in sequence, and then carrying out liquid chromatography on the standard solution according to the conditions to prepare a standard curve taking the target peak-to-peak area (retention time corresponding to the target peak is 13.11 min) and the lactic acid concentration as variables; and calculating the content of lactic acid in the filtrate according to a standard curve, and further calculating the content of lactic acid in the sample, wherein the unit is the mass percentage of lactic acid in the dry weight of the sample.
Method for detecting acetic acid: taking 10g of a fresh weight of a sample (another part of the sample is taken in parallel to weigh dry weight), adding the sample into 90mL of distilled water, standing for 12 hours at 4 ℃, collecting supernatant, filtering the supernatant by adopting a filter membrane with the pore diameter of 0.22 mu m, and collecting filtrate; detecting the content of a target in the filtrate by adopting a liquid chromatography, wherein a chromatographic column is Carbomix H-NP5, a mobile phase is 2.5mmol/L sulfuric acid water solution, the flow rate of the mobile phase is 0.6 mL/min -1, the column temperature is 55 ℃, the sample injection amount is 10 mu L, and the detection is carried out by a differential detector (the detector temperature is 35 ℃); preparing a standard solution with gradient concentration by using standard acetic acid and distilled water, wherein the concentration of the acetic acid in the standard solution is 0.5mg/mL, 0.75mg/mL, 1mg/mL, 2mg/mL and 2.5mg/mL in sequence, and then performing liquid chromatography on the standard solution according to the conditions to prepare a standard curve taking the target peak-to-peak area (the retention time corresponding to the target peak is 15.07 min) and the acetic acid concentration as variables; according to the standard curve, the acetic acid content in the filtrate is calculated, and the acetic acid content in the test sample is further calculated, wherein the unit is the mass percentage of the acetic acid in the dry weight of the test sample.
Method for detecting ethanol: taking 10g of a fresh weight of a sample (another part of the sample is taken in parallel to weigh dry weight), adding the sample into 90mL of distilled water, standing for 12 hours at 4 ℃, collecting supernatant, filtering the supernatant by adopting a filter membrane with the pore diameter of 0.22 mu m, and collecting filtrate; detecting the content of a target in the filtrate by adopting a liquid chromatography, wherein a chromatographic column is Carbomix H-NP5, a mobile phase is 2.5mmol/L sulfuric acid water solution, the flow rate of the mobile phase is 0.6 mL/min -1, the column temperature is 55 ℃, the sample injection amount is 10 mu L, and the detection is carried out by a differential detector (the detector temperature is 35 ℃); preparing a standard solution with gradient concentration by using standard ethanol and distilled water, wherein the concentration of the ethanol in the standard solution is 0.05mg/mL, 0.1mg/mL, 0.25mg/mL, 0.5mg/mL and 1mg/mL in sequence, and then performing liquid chromatography on the standard solution according to the conditions to prepare a standard curve taking the target peak-to-peak area (the retention time corresponding to the target peak is 20.53 min) and the ethanol concentration as variables; according to the standard curve, the ethanol content in the filtrate is calculated, and the ethanol content in the test sample is further calculated, wherein the unit is the mass percentage of the ethanol in the dry weight of the test sample.
Dry matter content (%) = dry weight/fresh weight x 100%.
Moisture content = 1-dry matter content.
Nitrate nitrogen degradation rate (%): (nitrate nitrogen content of raw material-nitrate nitrogen content of silage)/(nitrate nitrogen content of raw material x 100%).
Example 1,
The sweet sorghum used in this example was sweet sorghum Gray (Sugar Graze). 2018 was planted in Shenyang Liaoning (E123 DEG 34', N41 DEG 50'). The annual average temperature is 6.5 ℃, the annual frost free period is 150d-170d, and the soil type is brown soil.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: the sweet sorghum (plant height is 3.6-4.1 m) for feeding in the heading period is mowed and left with stubble 20cm, and the overground part is obtained as the raw material. The dry matter content of the raw material was 25.26% and the moisture content was 74.74%. The nitrate nitrogen content of the raw material is 606.98mg/kg.
Preparing silage: cutting the raw materials into pieces of about 1cm by a hay cutter, adding additives, mixing, filling into vacuum bags (600 g for each bag), vacuumizing by a vacuum machine, sealing, and preserving at room temperature for 60d to obtain silage. Different additives and addition amounts are set. When the additive is potassium carbonate, 5g of the additive is added into each kg of raw material with fresh weight (namely, the addition amount is 5 per mill). When the additive is sodium sulfite, 0.2g of the additive is added into each kg of raw material with fresh weight (namely, the addition amount is 0.2 per mill). Control treatments (CK) were set without additives. At least 3 replicates were set.
Sampling silage, detecting pH, nitrite nitrogen content and nitrate nitrogen content, and calculating the nitrate nitrogen degradation rate.
The results are shown in Table 1. The silage obtained by adding potassium carbonate at the time of preparation had an increased pH (pH increase means silage quality decrease), and the silage obtained by adding sodium sulfite at the time of preparation had a decreased pH (pH decrease means silage quality increase), relative to the silage obtained by the control treatment. The sodium sulfite-added treatment group had significantly higher nitrate nitrogen degradation rate than the potassium carbonate-added treatment group and significantly higher control treatment group.
TABLE 1
The same column labeled with different lowercase letters indicates significant differences (P < 0.05).
EXAMPLE 2,
The sorghum used in this example was sorghum halepense No. 6. 2021 was planted in Shenyang Liaoning (E123°34', N41°50'). The annual average temperature is 6.5 ℃, the annual frost free period is 150d-170d, and the soil type is brown soil.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: the sorghum halepense in the heading period (plant height is 3.6-4.1 m), is mowed and left for 20cm, and the overground part is obtained as the raw material. The dry matter content of the raw material was 17.10% and the moisture content was 82.90%. The nitrate nitrogen content of the raw material is 2460mg/kg.
Preparing silage: cutting raw materials into pieces of about 1cm by a hay cutter, adding additives, mixing, packaging into silage bags (400 g each bag), vacuumizing by a vacuum machine, sealing, and preserving at room temperature for 50d to obtain silage. The additives are sodium bicarbonate and sodium bisulphite respectively, and 0.2g of the additive is added into each kg of raw materials with fresh weight (namely, the addition amount is 0.2 per mill). Control treatments (CK) were set without additives. At least 3 replicates were set.
Sampling silage, detecting the pH value, the lactic acid content, the acetic acid content, the ethanol content, the nitrite nitrogen content and the nitrate nitrogen content, and calculating the nitrate nitrogen degradation rate.
No nitrite nitrogen was detected in silage obtained from each treatment group.
The other results are shown in Table 2. The pH of the silage obtained by adding sodium bicarbonate during preparation is increased, and the pH of the silage obtained by adding sodium sulfite during preparation is reduced relative to that of the silage obtained by the control treatment. The silage obtained by adding sodium sulfite at the time of preparation had a lower ethanol content (reduced ethanol content means reduced silage process material loss) relative to the silage obtained by the control treatment. The sodium sulfite-added treatment group had significantly higher nitrate nitrogen degradation rate than the sodium bicarbonate-added treatment group and significantly higher nitrate nitrogen degradation rate than the control treatment group.
TABLE 2
The same column labeled with different lowercase letters indicates significant differences (P < 0.05).
EXAMPLE 3,
The sweet sorghum used in this example was sorghum large calorie (Big kahuna). 2018 was planted in Shenyang Liaoning (E123 DEG 34', N41 DEG 50'). The annual average temperature is 6.5 ℃, the annual frost free period is 150d-170d, and the soil type is brown soil.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: the sweet sorghum for feeding in the heading period is mowed, stubble is left for 20cm, and overground parts are obtained, namely the raw materials. The dry matter content of the raw material was 22.01% and the moisture content was 77.99%. The nitrate nitrogen content of the raw material is 957.00mg/kg.
Preparing silage: cutting the raw materials into pieces of about 1cm by a hay cutter, adding additives, mixing, filling into vacuum bags (600 g for each bag), vacuumizing by a vacuum machine, sealing, and preserving at room temperature for 50d to obtain silage. When the additive is sodium sulfite, 0.1g of the additive (i.e. the addition amount is 0.1 per mill) or 0.2g of the additive (i.e. the addition amount is 0.2 per mill) or 0.3g of the additive (i.e. the addition amount is 0.3 per mill) is added into each kg of raw materials with fresh weight. When the additive is sodium bicarbonate, 5g of the additive is added into each kg of raw materials with fresh weight (namely, the addition amount is 5 per mill). Control treatments (CK) were set without additives. At least 3 replicates were set.
Sampling silage, detecting the pH value, the lactic acid content, the acetic acid content, the nitrite nitrogen content and the nitrate nitrogen content, and calculating the nitrate nitrogen degradation rate.
The results are shown in Table 3. The pH of the silage obtained by adding sodium bicarbonate during preparation is increased, and the pH of the silage obtained by adding sodium sulfite during preparation is reduced relative to that of the silage obtained by the control treatment. The ethanol content of silage obtained by adding sodium bicarbonate during preparation is increased relative to silage obtained by control treatment. The sodium sulfite can obviously reduce the nitrate nitrogen content in the sweet sorghum silage and improve the nitrate nitrogen degradation rate, wherein the effect of a 0.3g/kg (0.3 per mill) treatment group is better than that of other two addition treatment groups; compared with the control group, the addition of sodium nitrite has no adverse effect on the fermentation quality of sweet sorghum silage.
TABLE 3 Table 3
The same column labeled with different lowercase letters indicates significant differences (P < 0.05).
The present application is described in detail above. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present application can be practiced in a wide range of equivalent parameters, concentrations, and conditions without departing from the spirit and scope of the application and without undue experimentation. While the application has been described with respect to specific embodiments, it will be appreciated that the application may be further modified. In general, this application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the application following, in general, the principles of the application and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the application pertains. The application of some of the basic features may be done in accordance with the scope of the claims that follow.
Claims (2)
- Use of na 2SO3 as an additive for reducing the nitrate nitrogen content of silage;The addition amount of Na 2SO3 as an additive is 0.1 to 0.3 per mill;the silage is prepared from the raw material of sweet sorghum Gray.
- The application of Na 2SO3 as an additive in improving the degradation rate of nitrate nitrogen in silage;The addition amount of Na 2SO3 as an additive is 0.1 to 0.3 per mill;the silage is prepared from the raw material of sweet sorghum Gray.
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| CN105104909A (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2015-12-02 | 广州金水动物保健品有限公司 | Silage and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN105851487A (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2016-08-17 | 山东健源生物科技有限公司 | Additive for straw feed silaging and application |
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| CN105104909A (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2015-12-02 | 广州金水动物保健品有限公司 | Silage and preparation method and application thereof |
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