CN115714147A - Photovoltaic back sheet and photovoltaic module - Google Patents
Photovoltaic back sheet and photovoltaic module Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a photovoltaic back sheet and a photovoltaic module. The photovoltaic back plate comprises a weather-resistant layer, a base material layer, a black reflecting layer and a blocking layer which are sequentially arranged, wherein the black reflecting layer is provided with organic pigment; the barrier layer is prepared from a high barrier composition, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-90 parts of polymer resin, 3-30 parts of nano material and 1-12 parts of auxiliary agent. The utility model provides a photovoltaic backplate has set up the barrier layer, this barrier layer adopts the high resistant of containing polymer resin and nano-material to separate the composition and form compact structure, effectively the separation steam, the air, organic pigment and polar substance, further reduce the polar substance absorption pigment that the glued membrane hydrolysis in-process produced, even the glued membrane produces the polar substance because of receiving the steam effect of keeping away from backplate one side, because the barrier layer can effectual separation organic pigment, avoid the contact of high anti-black coating organic matter and glued membrane, thereby solve glued membrane dyeing problem.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaics, in particular to a photovoltaic back plate and a photovoltaic module.
Background
Conventional black solar cell backplate uses carbon black as pigment, and its reflectivity in visible light region and infrared light region is only about 4%, has still absorbed most radiant energy, and its reflectivity and radiating effect can not reach the user demand far away, consequently, need consider the black filler that adopts pigment or dyestuff as black backplate to promote the reflectivity of black backplate, improve the heat dissipation, and then promote the subassembly efficiency.
At present, the black back plate using organic pigment as filler has obvious improvement in the aspects of improving reflectivity and increasing component power, but the organic pigment on the market has the problems of color migration in the aspects of high-temperature and high-pressure water vapor aging after the back plate is made into a component due to the physical and chemical properties of the organic pigment, obvious sensory difference exists on the appearance, the color of the back plate is not changed greatly after the back plate and a glue film are peeled, and the glue film has a dyeing problem; as the amount of pigment migration increases, the color of the backsheet becomes lighter and may even affect the reflectivity and power. The reflectivity of the high-blacking back plate prepared by using the organic pigment is higher than that of the high-blacking back plate prepared by using the inorganic pigment, but the reflectivity of the organic high-blacking back plate still has a space for improvement.
Examples of solar cell back sheets using organic black pigments in the prior art: patent application No. CN202010521753.2 discloses a black high-reflection composition, a coating, granules and a solar cell back plate, belonging to the technical field of high-reflection materials. The black high-reflection composition comprises particles with a core-shell structure, wherein the particles with the core-shell structure form a core by organic black dye, and form a shell by an anti-ultraviolet auxiliary agent coated outside the core. The solar cell back plate prepared by using the black high-reflection composition to prepare the black high-reflection coating or the high-reflection film has high reflectivity to infrared rays and durable and weather-proof use stability, but the organic black dye used in the solar cell back plate has the defect of migration along with penetration of water vapor at high temperature and high pressure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a photovoltaic back plate and a photovoltaic module, and aims to solve the problem that organic dye in a solar cell back plate in the prior art undergoes color migration to cause glue film dyeing and even the color of the back plate becomes light.
In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a photovoltaic back sheet comprising a weather-resistant layer, a substrate layer, a black reflective layer and a barrier layer, which are sequentially disposed, the black reflective layer being provided with an organic pigment; the barrier layer is prepared from a high barrier composition, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-90 parts of polymer resin, 3-30 parts of nano material and 1-12 parts of auxiliary agent.
Further, the nano material includes any one or more of organic nano material, inorganic nano material and nano composite material;
preferably, the inorganic nano material comprises any one or more of carbon nano calcium carbonate, nano silicon dioxide, nano titanium dioxide, nano boron nitride, nano chromium oxide and nano graphene;
preferably, the organic nano material comprises any one or more of polystyrene microspheres, modified polystyrene microspheres, polyvinyl alcohol microspheres, polyacrylonitrile-based microspheres, polyether sulfone nano microspheres and polyaniline microspheres;
preferably, the nanocomposite comprises nano TiO 2 Polypropylene composite material and nano TiO 2 Epoxy resin composite material and nano TiO 2 Polyimide composite material and nano TiO 2 Any one or more of/polyaniline composite materials;
more preferably, the nano material is selected from nano titanium dioxide, nano graphene, carboxyl modified polystyrene microspheres and nano TiO 2 Any one or more of/epoxy resin composite materials;
preferably, the particle size D50 of the nano material is 10-100 nm.
Further, the polymer resin includes any one or more of polyvinylidene chloride, polyacrylonitrile, ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer, polyamide, and polyolefin.
Further, the auxiliary agent comprises any one or more of a surfactant, an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber, a light stabilizer and a dispersing agent;
preferably, the addition amount of the surfactant is 1 to 3 parts by weight, and/or the addition amount of the antioxidant is 1 to 3 parts by weight, and/or the addition amount of the ultraviolet absorber is 1 to 3 parts by weight, and/or the addition amount of the light stabilizer is 1 to 3 parts by weight, and/or the addition amount of the dispersant is 0.1 to 1 part by weight;
more preferably, the high barrier composition comprises: 20 to 55 portions of polymer resin, 25 to 35 portions of nano material, 1.5 to 2 portions of surfactant, 2 to 3 portions of antioxidant, 1.5 to 2.5 portions of ultraviolet absorbent and 1.5 to 2.5 portions of light stabilizer.
Further, the barrier layer is a high barrier film, preferably, the high barrier film is prepared by a preparation method comprising the steps of mixing the components of the high barrier composition, melting and granulating to obtain granules, and extruding and drawing the granules to obtain the high barrier film; preferably, the thickness of the high barrier film is 15 to 35 μm.
Further, the barrier layer is a high-barrier coating, preferably the thickness of the high-barrier coating is 5-25 μm;
preferably, the high-barrier composition further comprises 20 to 65 parts of a main resin, 1 to 20 parts of a curing agent and 0.1 to 1 part of a catalyst, wherein the main resin is selected from one or more of fluorocarbon resin, polyester resin, acrylic resin and epoxy resin, and more preferably, the curing agent is selected from one or more of polyurethane curing agent, isocyanate curing agent and epoxy curing agent; preferably, the catalyst is selected from any one or more of dibutyltin dilaurate and stannous octoate;
preferably, the high-barrier coating is prepared by the following preparation method, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: step S1, mixing all components of the high-barrier composition to obtain a high-barrier coating; s2, arranging the high-barrier coating on the surface of the black reflecting layer to form a pre-film layer; the setting method comprises any one of coating, spraying, sputtering and vapor deposition, and optionally, the coating method is extrusion coating, screen printing or micro-concave coating; s3, curing the pre-film layer to obtain a high-barrier coating; the curing temperature is preferably 150-190 ℃; more preferably 170 deg.c.
Further, a high-reflection backing layer is arranged between the weather-resistant layer and the base material layer, or between the base material layer and the black reflection layer, or inside the base material layer, and comprises any one or more of a metal film, a metal oxide film and a full-electric medium reflection film; preferably, the reflecting film is arranged on the surface of the base material layer in a bonding, evaporation or spraying mode; more preferably, the metal film and/or the metal oxide film is arranged on the side of the base material layer facing the weather-resistant layer; more preferably, the all-dielectric reflective film is disposed on a side of the substrate layer facing the black reflective layer.
Further, the organic pigment in the black reflective layer includes any one or more of a light-fast dye, a direct diazo dye, a direct cross-linking dye, an azo dye containing a complex metal, a condensed ring aromatic pigment, and a heterocyclic aromatic pigment.
Further, the weather-resistant layer is a fluorocarbon coating or a weather-resistant film; and/or the substrate layer is selected from any one of polyester film, polyethylene terephthalate film, polybutylene terephthalate film, polyethylene naphthalate film and polybutylene naphthalate film.
According to another aspect of the invention, a photovoltaic module is provided, which comprises a front transparent packaging plate, a front packaging adhesive film, a cell sheet layer, a back packaging adhesive film and a back sheet, which are arranged in sequence, wherein the back sheet is any one of the photovoltaic back sheets, and the barrier layer of the back sheet is adjacent to the adhesive film.
By applying the technical scheme, the photovoltaic back plate is provided with the blocking layer, the blocking layer adopts the high-blocking composition containing the polymer resin and the nano material to form a compact structure, so that water vapor, air, organic pigment and polar substances are effectively blocked, the adsorption of the pigment by the polar substances generated in the hydrolysis process of the adhesive film is further reduced, even if the adhesive film generates the polar substances under the action of the water vapor far away from one side of the back plate, the organic pigment can be effectively blocked by the blocking layer, and the contact between the organic substances of the high-reverse black coating and the adhesive film is reduced or avoided, so that the problems of adhesive film dyeing and back plate color lightening are solved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 shows a schematic structural view of a photovoltaic backsheet according to the invention.
Wherein the figures include the following reference numerals: 1. a weatherable layer; 2. a substrate layer; 3. a black reflective layer; 4. and a barrier layer.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
As analyzed by the background art of the application, in the prior art, the problems of glue film dyeing and backboard color lightening caused by color migration of organic dyes in the solar cell backboard exist, researchers of the application find that the pigment migration is mainly due to the fact that a certain pressure difference exists between the environment and the inside of the assembly, pigments and water vapor migrate into the glue film under the action of the pressure difference, the glue film is hydrolyzed under the action of the water vapor to generate polar substances, the polar substances are combined with the pigments, and the glue film is dyed, namely, the pigment migration occurs; as the migration volume increases, the organic pigments in the backsheet further decrease, lightening the color, and further affecting the reflectivity and device efficiency. Therefore, migration of the organic pigment in the back plate is influenced by three factors of 'water vapor + pigment + polar substance in the adhesive film', only one or two factors are controlled, and the problem of migration of the organic pigment in the back plate is difficult to solve.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present application, there is provided a photovoltaic back sheet, as shown in fig. 1, including a weather-resistant layer 1, a substrate layer 2, a black reflective layer 3 and a barrier layer 4, which are sequentially disposed, the black reflective layer 3 being provided with an organic pigment; the barrier layer 4 is made of a high barrier composition comprising, in parts by weight: 50-90 parts of polymer resin, 3-30 parts of nano material and 1-12 parts of auxiliary agent.
The photovoltaic backplate of this application has set up barrier layer 4, this barrier layer 4 adopts the high resistant composition that separates that contains polymer resin and nano-material to form compact structure, effectively the separation steam, the air, organic pigment and polar substance, further reduce the polar substance absorption pigment that the glued membrane hydrolysis in-process produced, even the glued membrane produces the polar substance because of receiving the steam effect of keeping away from backplate one side, because barrier layer 4 can effectual separation organic pigment, avoid the contact of high anti-black coating organic matter and glued membrane, thereby solve glued membrane dyeing problem.
The addition of the nano material can increase the compactness of the material and ensure the barrier property of the barrier layer 4, and the material comprises any one or more of organic nano materials, inorganic nano materials and nano composite materials. The inorganic nano-material includes, but is not limited to, any one or more of nano-calcium carbonate, nano-silica, nano-titanium dioxide, nano-boron nitride, nano-chromium oxide and nano-graphene, and may be a modified nano-material of the inorganic nano-material. For example, a surfactant is used to modify silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide and the like, in some embodiments, the modified nanomaterial can be obtained by reacting the surfactant with the silicon dioxide or the titanium dioxide at 50-80 ℃ for 4-6 hours, the modified surfactant can be selected from existing surfactants, for example, the surfactant applied in the present application includes any one or more of stearic acid, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, alkylglucoside, fatty glyceride, sorbitan fatty acid, polysorbate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and sodium glycocholate, the modified inorganic nanomaterial has better dispersibility in the high-barrier composition, and further improves the compatibility in the polymer resin, the strength of the barrier layer 4 is higher, and further has a better barrier effect.
The organic nano material comprises any one or more of polystyrene microspheres, modified polystyrene microspheres, polyvinyl alcohol microspheres, polyacrylonitrile-based microspheres, polyether sulfone nano microspheres and polyaniline microspheres. The modification modes of the modified polystyrene microspheres include modification by a processing method and modification by a polymerization method, and the modified polystyrene microspheres can further enhance the compatibility of the microspheres and a system and can better participate in the reaction of the system. Firstly synthesizing a polystyrene naked ball, and then carrying out post processing treatment to obtain a functional microsphere, wherein the treatment method comprises but is not limited to swelling, adsorption of functional molecules or particles, and grafting of functional groups; the polymerization modified polyethylene microspheres are modified polystyrene microspheres formed by initiating polymerization of a styrene monomer and a functional monomer containing a specific functional group; preferably, the functional monomer is a monomer containing any one or more functional groups of amino, sulfonic acid group, carboxyl, halogen atom, aldehyde group and ester group, and particularly, when the polymerized modified polystyrene microsphere obtained by modifying the functional monomer containing carboxyl is adopted, namely, the carboxyl modified polystyrene microsphere is obviously improved in compatibility and weather resistance of the reinforced nano material and the composition system.
The above-mentioned nanocomposite includes, but is not limited to, nano TiO 2 Polypropylene composite material and nano TiO 2 Epoxy resin composite material and nano TiO 2 Polyimide composite material and nano TiO 2 Any one or more of/polyaniline composite materials.
In some preferred embodiments, the nanomaterial is selected from any one or more of nano titanium dioxide, nano graphene, carboxyl modified polystyrene microspheres and nano TiO 2/epoxy resin composite materials, and has better barrier property, weather resistance, insulation property, heat resistance and other properties, and has no adverse effect on the efficiency of the photovoltaic module, and the high-reflection back plate containing the nanomaterial is beneficial to prolonging the service life of the photovoltaic module.
In some preferred embodiments, the particle size D50 of the nano material is 10-100 nm, generally speaking, for the nano material in the high-barrier composition, the smaller the particle size, the higher the compactness, the better the effect of blocking pigment and water vapor, but if the particle size is too small, the uncontrollable increase and the dispersion difficulty increases, and the nano material with the above particle size range is added, the formed barrier layer 4 has better barrier property and is convenient for preparing the back panel with better comprehensive effect, and the particle size D50 of the nano material is exemplarily in the range of 10nm, 15nm, 20nm, 25nm, 30nm, 40nm, 45nm, 50nm, 55nm, 60nm, 65nm, 70nm, 75nm, 80nm, 85nm, 90nm, 95nm, 100nm or any two of them. In some embodiments, in order to further improve the dispersibility of the nanomaterial and avoid aggregation of the small-particle-size filler, a dispersant is added as appropriate, preferably, the high-barrier composition further comprises 0.1 to 1 part by weight of a dispersant, and illustratively, the dispersant may be any one or more selected from an anionic dispersant and a polymeric dispersant, and the anionic dispersant may be a low-molecular-weight unsaturated polycarboxylic acid polymer solution or a polycarboxylic acid adduct; polymeric dispersants include, without limitation, one or more of modified polyacrylates, polymers containing pigment-philic filler groups (e.g., disperby160, 161, 162), and block copolymers containing acidic pigment-philic filler groups.
The polymer resin may be selected from the prior art, and illustratively, the polymer resin includes, but is not limited to, any one or more of polyvinylidene chloride, polyacrylonitrile, ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer, polyamide and polyolefin, wherein the polyolefin is preferably a high density polyolefin, which can make the barrier layer 4 more dense and have better barrier property, and the density of the high density polyolefin is 0.900g/cm 3 Such as low pressure polyethylene (HDPE).
In order to meet some conventional performances of photovoltaic panels, those skilled in the art can easily select an auxiliary agent having specific functions from the existing field to add into the above-mentioned high-barrier composition, such as any one or more of a surfactant, an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber, a light stabilizer and a dispersant, preferably, the addition amount of the surfactant is 1 to 3 parts by weight, the addition amount of the antioxidant is 1 to 3 parts by weight, the addition amount of the ultraviolet absorber is 1 to 3 parts by weight, the addition amount of the light stabilizer is 1 to 3 parts by weight, and the addition amount of the dispersant is 0.1 to 1 part by weight.
The above-mentioned antioxidant may be selected from conventional antioxidants, for example, one or more kinds selected from pentaerythritol tetrakis (3, 5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxy) phenylpropionate, n-octadecyl β - (3, 5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, 2' -methylenebis- (4-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 1,3, 5-trimethyl-2, 4, 6-tris (3, 5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) benzene, triethylene glycol ether-bis (3-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl) propionate, 1,3, 5-tris (4-t-butyl-3-hydroxy-2, 6-dimethylbenzyl) -1,3, 5-triazine-2, 4,6- (1H, 3H, 5H) -trione, tris (2, 4-di-t-butylphenyl) phosphite, bis (2, 4-di-t-butylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis (2, 6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, 3, 9-bis (3, 10-oxa-4-diphenylphosphate, 9-bis (4-oxa-5-dihydrophenanthrene) oxide, 9, 10-5-p-phosphene-2, 10-5-bis (4-isopropyl) phosphate;
the above-mentioned UV absorbers may be selected from the prior art, and are exemplified by those selected from the group consisting of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxybenzophenone, 2, 4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2, 4-trihydroxybenzophenone, 2- (2 ' -hydroxy-3 ' -tert-butyl-5 ' -methylphenyl) -5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2- (2 ' -hydroxy-3 ',5' -di-tert-butyl-5 ' -methylphenyl) -5-chlorobenzotriazole, 3- [3- (2-H-benzotriazol-2-yl) -4-hydroxy-5-tert-butylphenyl ] -propionic acid-polyethylene glycol ester, 2- (2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) -6-dodecyl-4-methylphenol, 2- (2 ' -hydroxy-5 ' -tert-octylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2- (4, 6-bis (2, 4-dimethylphenyl) -1,3, 5-triazin-2-yl) -5-octyloxyphenol, 2- [4- [ 2-hydroxy-3-tridecyloxypropyl ] oxy ] -2-hydroxyphenyl ] -4, 6-bis (2, 4-dimethylphenyl) -1,3, 5-triazine and 2- [4- [ 2-hydroxy-3-dodecyloxypropyl ] oxy ] -2-hydroxyphenyl ] -4, 6-bis { (2, 4-dimethylphenyl) -1,3, 5-triazine 2, 4-dimethylphenyl) -1,3, 5-triazine.
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In some preferred embodiments, the high barrier composition comprises: 20-55 parts of polymer resin, 25-35 parts of nano material, 1.5-2 parts of surfactant, 2-3 parts of antioxidant, 1.5-2.5 parts of ultraviolet absorbent and 1.5-2.5 parts of light stabilizer, and the formed barrier layer 4 has good barrier property, good weather resistance, insulation property and heat resistance, and is beneficial to prolonging the service life of the back plate and the photovoltaic module.
The barrier layer 4 may be in the form of a film or a cured coating. In a typical embodiment, the barrier layer 4 is a high barrier film, which can be prepared by the above-mentioned high barrier composition by a method of the prior art, and exemplarily, the high barrier film is prepared by a preparation method comprising mixing the components of the high barrier composition, melting, granulating to obtain granules, and extruding and drawing the granules to obtain the high barrier film; preferably, the thickness of the high barrier film is 15 to 35 μm.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, the barrier layer 4 is a high barrier coating, preferably having a thickness of 5 to 25 μm. In the case that the barrier layer 4 is in the form of a coating layer, the above high barrier composition further includes 20 to 65 parts of a host resin selected from any one or more of fluorocarbon resin, polyester resin, acrylic resin and epoxy resin, 1 to 20 parts of a curing agent, preferably, the curing agent is selected from any one or more of polyurethane curing agent, isocyanate-based curing agent and epoxy-based curing agent, and 0.1 to 1 part of a catalyst selected from any one or more of dibutyltin dilaurate and stannous octoate, in order to facilitate coating and curing. Illustratively, the high barrier coating is prepared by a preparation method comprising the following steps: step S1, mixing the components of the high-barrier composition (if necessary, heating and melting the components appropriately to facilitate dispersion and mixing) to obtain a high-barrier coating; s2, arranging the high-barrier coating on the surface of the black reflecting layer to form a pre-film layer; the setting method comprises any one of coating, spraying, sputtering and vapor deposition, and optionally, the coating method is extrusion coating, screen printing or micro-concave coating; s3, curing the pre-film layer to obtain a barrier layer 4; the curing temperature is preferably 150-190 ℃; more preferably 170 deg.c.
In some embodiments of the present application, in order to further improve the reflectivity of the photovoltaic backsheet, a highly reflective backing layer is disposed between the weatherable layer 1 and the substrate layer 2, or between the substrate layer 2 and the black reflective layer 3, or inside the substrate layer; the high-reflection backing layer has lower light transmittance and higher reflectivity, so that the back plate can be further effectively improved for visible light regions and infrared light regionsReflectivity reduces the radiation energy absorbed by the back plate, improves heat dissipation and improves the efficiency of the photovoltaic module. The reflective film may be a thin film adhered to the base material layer, or may be a coating layer formed by thermal spraying or vapor deposition, and the reflective film does not require a color. Preferably, the reflective film includes any one or more of a metal film, a metal oxide film, and a full dielectric reflective film, and the reflective film may be a single layer, or a stack of multiple layers of the same kind or different kinds. More preferably, the metal film and/or the metal oxide film is/are arranged between the substrate layer 2 and the weather-resistant layer, so that the processing is convenient, and the black reflecting layer 3 is prevented from being adversely affected; and the full dielectric reflective film or two reflective films with high and low refractive indexes alternately arranged are arranged between the substrate layer 2 and the black reflective layer 3, so that the reflectivity is further improved. In some embodiments, the two reflective films with high and low refractive indexes are ZrO respectively 2 And TiO 2 、ZrO 2 And SiO 2 Or ZrO 2 And Y 2 O 3 And (3) evaporating the formed coating.
The substrate layer is selected from any one of a polyester film, a polyethylene terephthalate film, a polybutylene terephthalate film, a polyethylene naphthalate film and a polybutylene naphthalate film. Since the barrier layer 4 is provided to effectively block the migration of organic pigment, the black reflective layer 3 can be prepared by the prior art, for example, by attaching a reflective film on a PET substrate film in the prior art, or by evaporating a layer of metal or metal oxide (Al, al) 2 O 3 、ZrO 2 、TiO 2 Etc.), the kind of the organic pigment used in the black reflective layer 3 can also be selected from the prior art, such as any one or more of a light-fast dye, a direct diazo dye, a direct cross-linking dye, an azo dye containing complex metal, a condensed ring aromatic pigment, and a heterocyclic aromatic pigment, the organic pigment can be black, or black formed by mixing different colors, and by using the above-mentioned barrier layer 4, effective barrier can be realized, and the pigment can be prevented from migrating to the packaging adhesive film to cause dyeing.
The weather-resistant layer 1 of the photovoltaic back plate can refer to the prior art, for example, the weather-resistant layer 1 is a fluorocarbon coating or a weather-resistant coating, the weather-resistant coating is realized by means of coating, sputtering and the like, and the weather-resistant film and glue are laminated and compounded. In a typical embodiment of the present application, the outer layer of the highly reflective backing layer is a weathering layer 1 and the inner layer of the highly reflective backing layer is a coated black reflective layer 3; the blocking layer 4 is arranged on the inner side of the black reflecting layer 3, and is a coating layer realized by means of coating, spraying, sputtering, vapor deposition and the like, or a film layer compounded by glue, and the black high-reflection photovoltaic back panel can be obtained after the compounded sample is cured.
According to another exemplary embodiment of the present application, a photovoltaic module is provided, which includes a front transparent packaging plate, a front packaging adhesive film, a cell sheet layer, a back packaging adhesive film, and a back sheet, which are sequentially disposed, wherein the back sheet is a photovoltaic back sheet of any one of the above.
The utility model provides a photovoltaic module because set up barrier layer 4 in the backplate, can realize the separation to steam and organic pigment, effectively avoids the pigment migration in the black reflection stratum 3 to back layer encapsulation glued membrane to cause the dyeing problem, is favorable to improving photovoltaic module's efficiency and life.
The following will further explain advantageous effects that can be achieved by the present application in conjunction with examples and comparative examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a photovoltaic backplate, including weather resistant layer 1, substrate layer 2, high reflection back sheet layer, black reflection stratum 3 and the barrier layer 4 that combines together in proper order.
Wherein, the substrate layer 2 is a polyester film (Dajia new material DJ-PTT 1), the thickness is 280 μ M, and a layer of reflective film (3M reflective film 4090 series DG 3) is adhered on the surface of the substrate layer 2 facing the black reflective layer.
The other side of the substrate layer 2 is provided with a fluorocarbon coating as a weather-resistant layer 1, the thickness of the fluorocarbon coating is 20 microns, and the fluorocarbon coating is formed by curing at 175 ℃.
The reflecting film side of the high-reflection back layer 2 is a black reflecting layer 3, and the setting process of the black reflecting layer 3 is as follows: (1) Preparing a component A, adding 100 parts of iron chromium black (Schauter in America) into a high-speed dispersion machine, keeping the nitrogen atmosphere in a kettle, slowly adding 5 parts of coupling agent gamma-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (an Aladdin reagent) while stirring at the rotating speed of 8000r/min, increasing the rotating speed to 30000r/min after the adding is finished, keeping the temperature in the kettle at 140 ℃, continuously stirring for 1h, naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain coupling agent modified iron chromium black, and sealing and storing for later use; stirring and pre-dispersing 100 parts of fluorine-containing resin GK570 (Japanese gold paint), 5 parts of dispersant BYK108 (Germany Bicko chemical) and 150 parts of solvent xylene in a container, grinding for 5min by using a sand mill, adding 30 parts of coupling agent modified iron-chromium black until the particle fineness is less than or equal to 5 microns, heating to 80 ℃ while stirring, adding 0.1 part of organic dye direct black 144 (Switzerland nubuck), cooling to 40 ℃, subsequently adding 5 parts of flatting agent BYK355 (Germany Bicko chemical) and 2 parts of curing agent accelerator dibutyltin dilaurate (Aladdin reagent), dispersing and stirring at a high speed of 3000rpm, filtering to obtain a component A, and storing in a dry and sealed container for later use; (2) Preparing a component B, namely mechanically stirring and uniformly mixing 25 parts of curing agent N3390 (German Bayer) and 50 parts of solvent xylene, filtering to obtain the component B, and storing the component B in a dry sealed container for later use; (3) And (2) mixing the component A and the component B according to a ratio of 25 to 3, stirring to obtain a mixed coating, coating the mixed coating on the surface of a high-reflection back lining layer, and drying for 5min at 120 ℃ to form a film, thus preparing the black reflection layer 3 with the thickness of about 5-10 microns.
The barrier layer 4 is attached to the black reflective layer by a high barrier film made of a high barrier composition, the high barrier composition comprising: 70 parts of polyvinylidene chloride, 20 parts of nano titanium dioxide, 2 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 2 parts of beta- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) n-octadecyl propionate, 2 parts of 2, 4-trihydroxybenzophenone and 2 parts of bis (2, 6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate, wherein the particle size of the nano titanium dioxide is 45nm, the high-barrier composition is melted, extruded and granulated at 180 ℃ to obtain granules, the granules are melted and extruded at 180 ℃ to obtain a high-barrier membrane with the thickness of 28 micrometers, and the high-barrier membrane is attached to the black reflecting layer 3 in an adhesive manner through an adhesive (Sanwo chemical SAA-140) to obtain the photovoltaic back panel.
Example 2
The difference from example 1 is that the particle size of the nano-titania in the high barrier composition is 100nm.
Example 3
The difference from example 1 is that the particle size of the nano-titania in the high barrier composition is 150nm.
Example 4
The difference from the example 1 is that the modified nano titanium dioxide is used for replacing the nano titanium dioxide in the high-barrier composition, and the preparation method of the modified nano titanium dioxide comprises the following steps: mixing fatty glyceride and titanium dioxide with particle size of 45nm at 0.35.
Example 5
The difference from example 1 is that the nano titanium dioxide is replaced by polystyrene microspheres of the same particle size.
Example 6
The difference from example 1 is that nano-titania is replaced with nano-silica of the same particle size.
Example 7
The difference from example 1 is that the composition of the high barrier composition is: 50 parts of polyvinylidene chloride, 30 parts of nano titanium dioxide, 2 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 2 parts of beta- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) n-octadecyl propionate, 2 parts of 2, 4-trihydroxybenzophenone and 2 parts of bis (2, 6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate.
Example 8
The difference from example 1 is that the barrier layer 4 is obtained by applying a high barrier coating made of a high barrier composition to the black reflective layer and curing at 170 ℃; the high barrier composition consists of: the paint comprises, by weight, 40 parts of fluorocarbon resin, 70 parts of polyvinylidene chloride, 20 parts of nano titanium dioxide, 2 parts of alkyl glucoside, 2 parts of pentaerythritol tetrakis (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy) phenylpropionate, 2 parts of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2 parts of bis (1, 2, 6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl) -sebacate/mono (1, 2, 6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate compound, 10 parts of hexamethylene diisocyanate and 0.5 part of stannous octoate, wherein the particle size of the nano titanium dioxide is 55nm. The thickness of the barrier layer was 10 μm.
Example 9
The difference from example 1 is that the highly reflective backing layer, which is deposited with ZrO, is located on the side of the substrate layer facing the weathering layer 2 Film, evaporation conditions: electron beam energy 0.2eV, vacuum degree P<10-3Pa, substrate distance of 40cm, vapor deposition temperature of 1500 ℃, and refractive index of the vapor deposition film of 2.05.
Example 10
The difference from example 1 is that the reflective layer is located in the inner layer of the polyester film and is provided by: the high-reflection back lining layer is positioned on one side of the base material layer facing the weather-resistant layer and is firstly evaporated with ZrO 2 Film (refractive index 2.05), post-coated with a layer of SiO 2 Film (refractive index 1.45), zrO 2 Film and SiO 2 The film thickness ratio was 3.5/1.5.
Example 11
The difference from example 1 is that no highly reflective backing layer is provided.
Example 12
The difference from example 1 is that the particle size of the nano-titania in the high barrier composition is 10nm.
Comparative example 1
The weathering layer 1, the highly reflective backing layer 2 and the black reflective layer 3, which were combined in this order, were the same as in example 1, except that the barrier layer 4 was not provided in example 1.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 1 is that the high barrier composition does not contain nano-titania.
[ Performance test ]
And (3) testing the reflectivity: the reflectance of the samples in the wavelength band 200-1400nm was measured using the spectrophotometer reflectance mode according to GB/T13452.3-92.
Water vapor transmission rate: testing was performed according to ASTM-F1249.
Organic pigment migration test: regarding the weathering stability of the highly reflective layer after assembly lamination, the color change of the black reflective layer laminated sample and the back layer encapsulant film (0.45mm, f806ps EVA film) was observed after high temperature aging (150 ℃ 24H), PCT accelerated aging (121 ℃, 95% rh) by visual observation of the color change: the sample with the color of the high-reflection layer consistent with the initial color is expressed as ^ x, and the sample with the lightened color is expressed as x; whether the adhesive film is dyed or not is determined by observing the color by naked eyes, wherein the dyeing is represented by V, and the non-dyeing is represented by the green.
TABLE 1
From the above description, it can be seen that the reflectivities of the back sheets in examples 1-12 are higher than those of comparative examples 1-2, and the colors of the back sheet highly reflective layers in examples 1-12 are not changed after high temperature and PCT aging test. Furthermore, the glue films in the examples 1-5 and 7-12 are not dyed after being aged at high temperature and after being aged by PCT, which proves that the problems of the color lightening of the back plate and the dyeing of the glue films are effectively avoided after the nano material is added; in example 6, although the adhesive film is dyed to a certain thickness after high-temperature aging and PCT aging (the thickness of the dyed part is only 0.4% of the thickness of the adhesive film), the color of the back plate is not changed, which indicates that the migration amount of the pigment is small, and the reflectivity and the water vapor barrier effect are significantly better than those of the comparative example, and still meet the use requirements.
In summary, the above embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects: the utility model provides a photovoltaic backplate has set up barrier layer 4, this barrier layer 4 adopts the high resistant of containing polymer resin and nano-material to separate the composition and form compact structure, effectively the separation steam, the air, organic pigment and polar substance, reduce the polar substance absorption that exists among the glued membrane hydrolysis process, even the glued membrane produces polar substance because of receiving the steam effect of keeping away from backplate one side, because barrier layer 4 can effectual separation organic pigment, reduce or avoid the contact of high anti-black coating organic matter and glued membrane, thereby solve the backplate colour and become light or even glued membrane dyeing problem.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The photovoltaic back plate is characterized by comprising a weather-resistant layer, a base material layer, a black reflecting layer and a blocking layer which are sequentially arranged, wherein the black reflecting layer is provided with an organic pigment; the barrier layer is prepared from a high-barrier composition, and the high-barrier composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-90 parts of polymer resin, 3-30 parts of nano material and 1-12 parts of auxiliary agent.
2. The photovoltaic backsheet according to claim 1, wherein the nanomaterial comprises any one or more of an organic nanomaterial, an inorganic nanomaterial, and a nanocomposite;
preferably, the inorganic nano material comprises any one or more of carbon nano calcium carbonate, nano silicon dioxide, nano titanium dioxide, nano boron nitride, nano chromium oxide and nano graphene;
preferably, the organic nano material comprises any one or more of polystyrene microspheres, modified polystyrene microspheres, polyvinyl alcohol microspheres, polyacrylonitrile-based microspheres, polyether sulfone nano microspheres and polyaniline microspheres;
preferably, the nanocomposite comprises nano-TiO 2 Polypropylene composite material and nano TiO 2 Epoxy resin composite material and nano TiO 2 Polyimide composite material and nano TiO 2 Any one or more of/polyaniline composite materials;
more preferably, the nano material is selected from nano titanium dioxide, nano graphene, carboxyl modified polystyrene microspheres and nano TiO 2 Any one or more of the epoxy resin composite materials;
preferably, the particle size D50 of the nano material is 10-100 nm.
3. The photovoltaic backsheet according to claim 1, wherein the polymer resin comprises any one or more of polyvinylidene chloride, polyacrylonitrile, ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer, polyamide and polyolefin.
4. The photovoltaic backsheet according to claim 2, wherein the auxiliary agent comprises any one or more of a surfactant, an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber, a light stabilizer and a dispersant;
preferably, the addition amount of the surfactant is 1 to 3 parts by weight, and/or the addition amount of the antioxidant is 1 to 3 parts by weight, and/or the addition amount of the ultraviolet absorber is 1 to 3 parts by weight, and/or the addition amount of the light stabilizer is 1 to 3 parts by weight, and/or the addition amount of the dispersant is 0.1 to 1 part by weight;
more preferably, the high barrier composition comprises: 20 to 55 portions of polymer resin, 25 to 35 portions of nano material, 1.5 to 2 portions of surfactant, 2 to 3 portions of antioxidant, 1.5 to 2.5 portions of ultraviolet absorbent and 1.5 to 2.5 portions of light stabilizer.
5. The photovoltaic backsheet according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the barrier layer is a high barrier film,
preferably, the high-barrier film is prepared by a preparation method which comprises the steps of mixing the components of the high-barrier composition, melting and granulating to obtain granules, and extruding and drawing the granules to obtain the high-barrier film;
preferably, the thickness of the high barrier film is 15 to 35 μm.
6. The photovoltaic backsheet according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the barrier layer is a high barrier coating, preferably having a thickness of 5-25 μm;
preferably, the high-barrier composition further comprises 20 to 65 parts of a main resin, 1 to 20 parts of a curing agent and 0.1 to 1 part of a catalyst, wherein the main resin is selected from one or more of fluorocarbon resin, polyester resin, acrylic resin and epoxy resin, and more preferably, the curing agent is selected from one or more of polyurethane curing agent, isocyanate curing agent and epoxy curing agent; preferably, the catalyst is selected from any one or more of dibutyltin dilaurate and stannous octoate;
preferably, the high-barrier coating is prepared by the following preparation method, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step S1, mixing all components of the high-barrier composition to obtain a high-barrier coating;
s2, arranging the high-barrier coating on the surface of the black reflecting layer to form a pre-film layer; the setting method comprises any one of coating, spraying, sputtering and vapor deposition, and optionally, the coating method is extrusion coating, screen printing or micro-concave coating;
s3, curing the pre-film layer to obtain the high-barrier coating; the curing temperature is preferably 150-190 ℃; more preferably 170 deg.c.
7. The photovoltaic backsheet according to claim 1, wherein a high reflection backing layer is further disposed between the weatherable layer and the substrate layer, or between the substrate layer and the black reflective layer, or inside the substrate layer, and the high reflection backing layer comprises any one or more of a metal film, a metal oxide film, and an all-dielectric reflective film;
preferably, the reflecting film is arranged on the surface of the base material layer in a bonding, evaporation or spraying mode;
more preferably, the metal film and/or the metal oxide film is arranged on the side of the substrate layer facing the weather-resistant layer;
more preferably, the all-dielectric reflective film is disposed on a side of the substrate layer facing the black reflective layer.
8. The photovoltaic backsheet of claim 1 wherein the organic pigment in the black reflective layer comprises any one or more of a light fast dye, a direct diazo dye, a direct cross-linking dye, an azo dye containing a complex metal, a fused ring aromatic pigment, a heterocyclic aromatic pigment.
9. The photovoltaic backsheet according to claim 1 wherein the weatherable layer is a fluorocarbon coating or is a weatherable film; and/or the substrate layer is selected from any one of a polyester film, a polyethylene terephthalate film, a polybutylene terephthalate film, a polyethylene naphthalate film and a polybutylene naphthalate film.
10. A photovoltaic module comprises a front transparent packaging plate, a front packaging adhesive film, a battery sheet layer, a back packaging adhesive film and a back plate which are sequentially arranged, wherein the back plate is the photovoltaic back plate as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, and the blocking layer of the back plate is adjacent to the adhesive film.
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| CN202211466498.1A CN115714147A (en) | 2022-11-22 | 2022-11-22 | Photovoltaic back sheet and photovoltaic module |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115923212A (en) * | 2023-03-08 | 2023-04-07 | 天津华德科技有限公司 | Preparation method of casting film, casting film prepared by method and application of casting film |
| CN116344647A (en) * | 2023-05-30 | 2023-06-27 | 苏州弘道新材料有限公司 | High-reflection black solar backboard and preparation method thereof |
| CN117720778A (en) * | 2023-12-27 | 2024-03-19 | 湖北金诺新材料科技有限公司 | Polyolefin composite material for photovoltaic backboard and production process thereof |
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2022
- 2022-11-22 CN CN202211466498.1A patent/CN115714147A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115923212A (en) * | 2023-03-08 | 2023-04-07 | 天津华德科技有限公司 | Preparation method of casting film, casting film prepared by method and application of casting film |
| CN116344647A (en) * | 2023-05-30 | 2023-06-27 | 苏州弘道新材料有限公司 | High-reflection black solar backboard and preparation method thereof |
| CN116344647B (en) * | 2023-05-30 | 2023-08-04 | 苏州弘道新材料有限公司 | High-reflection black solar backboard and preparation method thereof |
| CN117720778A (en) * | 2023-12-27 | 2024-03-19 | 湖北金诺新材料科技有限公司 | Polyolefin composite material for photovoltaic backboard and production process thereof |
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