CN115710924A

CN115710924A - Open caisson construction method and open caisson structure

Info

Publication number: CN115710924A
Application number: CN202211496329.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 钱海波; 江涛; 戴进; 耿哲; 邵长华; 董毓广; 陈志明
Original assignee: Shanghai Tieneng Construction Engineering Co ltd
Current assignee: Shanghai Tieneng Construction Engineering Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-11-25
Filing date: 2022-11-25
Publication date: 2023-02-24

Abstract

The invention provides a sunk well construction method, which uses a sunk well structure, uses the side wall of a sunk well box as a first stress point, uses an anchor pile fixing point position in the sinking direction of the sunk well box as a second stress point, arranges a jack and an anchor rod mechanism in the sinking direction of the sunk well box, connects one end of the jack close to the second stress point with the first stress point, and connects one end of the jack far away from the second stress point with the second stress point through the anchor rod mechanism; the jacking force of the jack exerts a pulling force on the anchor rod mechanism, the open caisson box is pulled to sink by the pulling force, the sinking construction of the open caisson box is realized, and the swelling slurry sleeve and the slurry conveying system are arranged outside the open caisson box in the sinking process, so that the sinking friction force can be reduced, and the disturbance to the peripheral soil body is reduced. The method solves the defects that the traditional open caisson has large disturbance to the periphery and is difficult to control the sinking posture of the open caisson and is easy to sink. The open caisson component with an asymmetric shape can be constructed, low-vibration, noiseless, safe and efficient open caisson construction can be realized in a narrow space with limited construction space, the influence on surrounding buildings is reduced, and the open caisson component can be suitable for a low-clearance construction environment; the method has the advantages of simple steps, convenient construction, construction cost reduction and wide application prospect.

Description

Open caisson construction method and open caisson structure

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of open caisson construction, in particular to an open caisson construction method and an open caisson structure.

Background

Along with the development of cities, more and more original buildings need to be additionally provided with underground spaces, construction is carried out in the buildings, the height and the plane position are limited, the traditional fender post is adopted for construction, the space is limited, the manufacturing cost is high, and the existing buildings are easily damaged. Especially for historical protection buildings, the construction space in the buildings is limited, the clearance is low, and the construction is difficult.

Therefore, it is necessary to provide a sunk well which has low disturbance, no noise, weak influence on the original building structure and can be suitable for low-clearance construction environment and a construction method thereof.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides an open caisson construction method which is used for solving the defects that the traditional open caisson construction is large in disturbance, difficult to control the sinking posture and limited in construction space, realizing safe and efficient open caisson construction and reducing the influence on buildings.

The invention also provides an open caisson structure, which is used for overcoming the defect that the traditional open caisson is easy to float upwards after bottom sealing and improving the stability of the open caisson.

The invention provides a sunk well construction method, which comprises the following steps:

taking the side wall of the caisson box as a first stress point;

taking a fixed point position in the sinking direction of the open caisson box as a second stress point;

a jack and an anchor rod mechanism are arranged in the sinking direction of the open caisson;

one end of the jack, which is close to the second stress point, is connected with the first stress point, and one end of the jack, which is far away from the second stress point, is connected with the second stress point through the anchor rod mechanism;

applying a pulling force to the anchor rod mechanism through the jacking force of the jack, and drawing the caisson box to sink through the pulling force;

and after the caisson box sinks in place, sealing the bottom of the caisson box, and connecting one end of the anchor rod mechanism, which is far away from the second stress point, with the caisson box.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the step of connecting the end of the jack close to the second force point to the first force point comprises:

setting a penetrating jack with the jacking direction the same as or opposite to the sinking direction of the caisson box, and fixedly connecting one end of the penetrating jack, which is close to the second stress point, with the inner wall of the caisson box through a steel pipe;

the step of connecting the end of the jack away from the second force bearing point with the second force bearing point through the anchor rod mechanism comprises:

the anchor rod mechanism is arranged along the same jacking direction of the through jack, one end of the anchor rod mechanism penetrates through and is connected with the through jack, the other end of the anchor rod mechanism extends into the position of the second stress point, and the position of the second stress point is poured to form an enlarged pile head, the enlarged pile head is fixed with a soil body, and the anchor rod mechanism is fixedly connected with the enlarged pile head.

According to one embodiment of the invention, at least two first force bearing points and two second force bearing points are arranged, the first force bearing points and the second force bearing points are in one-to-one correspondence to form a group, and the first force bearing points are uniformly arranged on the side wall of the caisson box.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises the following steps:

and the side wall of the open caisson is provided with a grouting pipe and a slurry outlet, and the periphery of the side wall of the open caisson is grouted through the grouting pipe and the slurry outlet in the sinking process of the open caisson.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises the step of correcting:

arranging an observation tube on the side wall of the caisson, arranging an observation lamp at the bottom of the observation tube, arranging a cross wire at the upper end of the observation tube, and judging the verticality of the caisson according to the relative position information of the cross wire and the observation lamp;

and adjusting the verticality of the open caisson by adjusting the lifting range of the jack at the corresponding position.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the step of bottoming the caisson and connecting the end of the bolting mechanism remote from the second force point to the caisson comprises:

pouring concrete at the bottom of the open caisson box, and fixedly connecting the anchor rod mechanism with the concrete; and (4) removing the part, located at the upper end of the concrete, of the anchor rod mechanism, and sealing the end part of the anchor rod mechanism.

The invention also provides a sunk well structure, which is prepared by the sunk well construction method of the embodiment and comprises the following steps:

an open caisson box;

the enlarged pile head is arranged right below the open caisson box and is fixed with a soil body;

the anchor rod mechanism, the one end of anchor rod mechanism is connected the open caisson case, the other end of anchor rod mechanism is connected expand the pile head, the pulling force of anchor rod mechanism is greater than the buoyancy that the open caisson case received.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the pile head expansion device comprises a plurality of expansion pile heads and anchor rod mechanisms, wherein the expansion pile heads and the anchor rod mechanisms are connected in a one-to-one correspondence mode, and the anchor rod mechanisms are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the caisson box.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the anchor rod mechanism comprises an anchor rod, an anchor cable and an anchor device, the anchor device is arranged at one end of the anchor rod, the anchor cable penetrates through the anchor rod and the anchor device, the anchor cable is provided with a limiting piece, and the limiting piece abuts against the anchor device in a stress state of the anchor cable.

According to one embodiment of the invention, a plurality of anchor cables are arranged, one end of the anchor rod mechanism close to the enlarged pile head is provided with anchor plates corresponding to the number of the anchor cables, one end of each anchor plate is connected with the anchor rod through a shaft, the anchor cables are connected with one end of each anchor plate close to the anchor rod, and one end of each anchor plate far away from the anchor rod and the surface of the anchor rod are provided with tie bars.

The invention provides a caisson construction method, which is characterized in that the side wall of a caisson box is used as a first stress point, a fixed point position in the sinking direction of the caisson box is used as a second stress point, a jack and an anchor rod mechanism are arranged in the sinking direction of the caisson box, one end of the jack, which is close to the second stress point, is connected with the first stress point, and one end of the jack, which is far away from the second stress point, is connected with the second stress point through the anchor rod mechanism; and applying a pulling force to the anchor rod mechanism through the jacking force of the jack, and pulling the open caisson box to sink through the pulling force to realize the sinking construction of the open caisson box, sealing the bottom of the open caisson box, and connecting one end, far away from the second stress point, of the anchor rod mechanism with the open caisson box. The method overcomes the defects that the traditional open caisson construction has large disturbance, is difficult to control the sinking posture and has high requirement on construction space, realizes the open caisson construction with low disturbance, no noise, safety and high efficiency, reduces the influence on buildings, and can be suitable for low-clearance construction environment; the method has the advantages of simple steps, convenient construction, construction cost reduction and wide application prospect.

According to the open caisson structure provided by the invention, the open caisson construction method is adopted for construction, the open caisson box is fixed with the enlarged pile head through the anchor rod mechanism, the open caisson structure has a good anti-floating effect, and the structural stability is improved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a flow chart illustrating steps of a method for constructing an open caisson according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a caisson construction state provided in the present invention;

fig. 3 is a plan view of a caisson construction state provided by the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a pre-distraction anchor rod mechanism provided by the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the anchor mechanism of the present invention after it has been expanded;

FIG. 6 is a top plan view of the anchor mechanism provided by the present invention after distraction;

FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of a splicing arrangement of the anchor rod mechanism provided by the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a steel blade of the caisson provided by the invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the structure of an observation lamp provided by the present invention;

fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of the caisson after construction;

FIG. 11 is an enlarged view of portion A of FIG. 10;

fig. 12 is a structural view showing a construction state of the profile caisson.

Reference numerals:

1. a caisson box; 2. an anchor rod; 3. an anchor cable; 4. an anchorage device; 5. a clip; 6. a center-penetrating jack; 7. enlarging the pile head; 8. grouting pipes; 9. a first bolt; 10. a steel pipe; 11. an observation lamp; 12. a steel blade foot; 13. an ear plate; 14. a splint; 15. a second bolt; 16. a limiting member; 17. an anchor plate; 18. a limiting plate; 19. positioning pins; 20. an end plate; 21. steel strand wires; 22. a pulp outlet; 23. an observation tube; 24. a cross wire; 25. a water stop ring; 26. an expansion ring; 27. waterproof ointment; 28. micro-expansive fine aggregate concrete.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred devices or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. Specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.

In embodiments of the invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through intervening media. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of an embodiment of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, various embodiments or examples and features of various embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without being mutually inconsistent.

Embodiments of the present invention are described below in conjunction with fig. 1-12:

as shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a caisson construction method, which is mainly used for steel caisson sinking construction in a building, and the method includes the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of (1) mounting, wherein the side wall of the caisson box 1 is used as a first stress point, and a fixed point position in the sinking direction of the caisson box 1 is used as a second stress point; and a jack and an anchor rod mechanism are arranged in the sinking direction of the open caisson box 1.

And one end of the jack, which is close to the second stress point, is connected with the first stress point, and one end of the jack, which is far away from the second stress point, is connected with the second stress point through the anchor rod mechanism.

In the step, the caisson box 1 is a steel caisson structure without a floor, a plurality of first stress points are determined on the side wall of the caisson box 1, a plurality of second stress points are determined at the right lower end of the caisson box 1, and the second stress points are in one-to-one correspondence with the first stress points and are located right below the first stress points.

In the embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, concrete may be poured at the second force-receiving point to form an enlarged pile head 7, one end of the anchor rod mechanism is embedded in the enlarged pile head 7 and fixed to the enlarged pile head 7, and a jack is provided at the other end of the anchor rod mechanism.

In one embodiment, the enlarged pile head 7 is constructed by a high-pressure jet grouting pile machine, the diameter of the enlarged head is 0.8-1.0 m, the water-cement ratio of injected slurry is 1.0-1.2, and cement can be selected from P.O42.5 grade.

The jack in this embodiment is preferably a penetrating jack 6, the jacking direction of the penetrating jack 6 is the same as or opposite to the sinking direction of the caisson 1, and one end of the penetrating jack 6 close to the second stress point is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the caisson 1 through a steel pipe 10. And (3) penetrating one end of the anchor rod mechanism far away from the enlarged pile head 7 through the penetrating jack 6 and connecting the other end of the penetrating jack 6. Thus, the multiple groups of vertical anchor rod mechanisms are arranged, and the penetrating jack 6 acts between the open caisson 1 and the anchor rod mechanisms.

As shown in fig. 3, in an embodiment, the penetrating jack 6 and the anchor rod mechanism may be disposed at the bottom corner of the caisson 1, and if the caisson 1 is large in size, the penetrating jack 6 and the anchor rod mechanism may also be disposed in the middle of the sidewall of the caisson 1, so as to ensure that the downward pulling force applied to the caisson 1 can be uniformly distributed, and ensure that the caisson 1 sinks vertically and stably.

Preferably, in one embodiment, the penetrating jack 6 may be disposed at the top of the caisson 1, because the influence of the remaining amount of the anchor rod is considered, and the bottom of the caisson 1 has groundwater, in order to avoid the influence of the groundwater, the steel pipe 10 is welded on the caisson 1, the caisson 1 should be buried in a portion below the bottom of the pit to prevent the seepage by-pass, and the lowest point of the steel pipe 10 may be disposed at a point above the bottom of the pit.

Step two: and a drawing step, applying a pulling force to the anchor rod mechanism through the jacking force of the jack, and drawing the open caisson 1 to sink through the pulling force.

In the step, the penetrating jack 6 is driven, the penetrating jack 6 extends out in the vertical direction, the upper end of the penetrating jack 6 is fixed with the enlarged pile head 7 through the anchor rod mechanism, the tension of the anchor rod mechanism exerts a reaction force on the penetrating jack 6, and the lower end of the penetrating jack 6 drives the caisson box 1 to sink integrally.

As shown in fig. 4 to fig. 6, in this embodiment, the anchor rod mechanism includes an anchor rod 2, an anchor cable 3 and an anchor 4, the anchor 4 is disposed on the top end of the anchor rod 3, the anchor cable 3 penetrates through the anchor rod 2 and the anchor 4, the anchor cable 3 is provided with a clamping piece 5 and a limiting piece 16, the clamping piece 5 abuts against the anchor 4, the anchor 4 is connected to the top of the center-penetrating jack 6, and the anchor cable 3 and the anchor 4 apply a downward pulling force to the center-penetrating jack 6 in a stress state of the anchor cable 3.

Furthermore, the number of the anchor cables 3 is multiple, one end of the anchor rod mechanism, which is close to the enlarged pile head 7, is provided with anchor plates 17 corresponding to the number of the anchor cables 3, the anchor plates 17 are expandable anchor plates, and one end of each anchor plate 17 is connected with an end plate 20 at the bottom of the anchor rod 2 through a positioning pin 19, so that the anchor plates 17 can rotate around the end plates 20 to be opened

As shown in fig. 4 to 6, the anchor cable 3 penetrates through the end plate 20 and is connected to one end of the anchor plate 17 close to the anchor rod 2, and the anchor cable 3 is further provided with a limiting member 16, and the limiting member 16 is pulled by the anchor cable 3 to abut against the anchor plate 17. The anchor plate 17 is kept away from the one end of stock 2 and still is equipped with the lacing wire, and the lacing wire can adopt steel strand wires 21, and the one end and the anchor plate 17 of steel strand wires 21 are connected, and the other end and the stock 2 surface of steel strand wires 21 are connected. Like this, steel strand wires 21, anchor slab 17 and stock 2 form triangle-shaped, can pull anchor slab 17 to the distraction position when 3 stretch-draw of anchor rope, and steel strand wires 21 has improved the tensile strength that can strut the anchor slab on transmitting the stock 2 with the pulling force of anchor slab 17 simultaneously.

In this embodiment, anchor rod mechanism has increased anchor rod mechanism and has enlarged the area of contact of pile head 7 at inside anchor slab 17 structure that sets up the strutting of enlarged pile head 7, has improved anchor rod mechanism's tensile property, is favorable to the sinking operation of caisson 1.

Further, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, a limiting plate 18 is further arranged inside the anchor rod 2, the anchor cables 3 all penetrate through the limiting plate 18, a limiting member 16 is arranged at a position, close to the bottom of the limiting plate 18, of the anchor cable 3, and the limiting member 16 abuts against the limiting plate 18 when the anchor cable 3 is pulled, so that the tensile property of the anchor cable 3 is improved.

In one embodiment, if the length of the anchor rods 2 is not enough, the anchor rods 2 can be spliced by a plurality of sections, as shown in fig. 7, the end surface of each anchor rod 2 is provided with an ear plate 13 and a pair of clamping plates 14, and when the two anchor rods 2 are spliced, the ear plate 13 of one anchor rod 2 is butted against the clamping plate 14 of the other anchor rod 2 and is fixed by a second bolt 15.

As shown in fig. 8, in an embodiment, the bottom of the sidewall of the caisson 1 is provided with a steel edge 12, and the steel edge 12 can reduce the contact area between the bottom of the sidewall of the caisson 1 and the soil, and improve the sinking efficiency of the caisson 1.

In this embodiment, the thickness of the position of the steel blade leg 12 is greater than the thickness of the side wall of the caisson 1, the center-penetrating jack 6 can be connected with the steel blade leg 12 through the steel pipe 10, and the steel pipe 10 can be fixedly connected with the steel blade leg 12 through the first bolt 9.

Preferably, the steel blade leg 12 is made of steel, the thickness of the steel blade leg is 2 times of the wall thickness of the caisson 1, and the height of the steel blade leg is 1.0m.

The first bolt 9 and the second bolt 15 in the above embodiment are preferably high-strength bolts. The overall structural strength of the open caisson 1 is improved.

In the sinking operation process of the open caisson box 1, a grouting step can be further arranged:

as shown in fig. 8, a grouting pipe 8 and a grout outlet 22 are arranged on the side wall of the caisson 1, the grouting pipe 8 extends downwards from the upper end of the caisson 1, and the grout outlet 22 is communicated with the grouting pipe 8 and is arranged near the steel blade leg 12.

Preferably, the grout outlet 22 is arranged at a distance of 5cm from the bottom of the caisson 1 and can be arranged at intervals of 1.0-1.5 m according to soil characteristics.

In the sinking process of the caisson box 1, thixotropic slurry is injected into the grouting pipe 8 and is discharged to the periphery of the side wall of the caisson box 1 from the slurry outlet 22, and the thixotropic slurry can provide a lubricating and drag-reducing effect for the sinking of the caisson box 1 and improve the sinking efficiency of the caisson box 1.

After the open caisson box 1 sinks to the right position, the grouting pipe 8 is changed from the injection of thixotropic slurry to the injection of cement slurry, and the cement slurry is conveyed to the periphery of the side wall of the open caisson box 1 so as to solidify the peripheral soil body and further improve the stability of the open caisson box 1.

Further, the present embodiment further provides a correction step:

the side wall of the caisson 1 is provided with an observation tube 23, the bottom of the observation tube 23 is provided with an observation lamp 11, the upper end of the observation tube 23 is provided with a cross wire 24, and the verticality of the caisson 1 is judged according to the relative position information of the cross wire 24 and the observation lamp 11.

As shown in fig. 9, observation tubes 23 are fixed to caisson 1 at four corner positions. The observation lamp 11 has three colors of yellow, green and red, and is respectively a yellow lamp, a green lamp and a red lamp from inside to outside of the well. During the open caisson construction process, the bottom of the open caisson is observed from the top of the observation tube 23, the cross wire 24 is aligned with the yellow light to indicate that the top of the open caisson box 1 is deviated towards the inside of the open caisson relative to the bottom, the cross wire 24 is aligned with the green light to indicate that the top of the open caisson box 1 is vertically flush with the bottom, and the cross wire 24 is aligned with the red light to indicate that the top of the open caisson box 1 is deviated towards the outside of the open caisson relative to the bottom. After the straightness of the caisson 1 is confirmed, the correction of the verticality is realized by controlling the jacking force of the piercing jacks 6 at all positions.

Step three: and a bottom sealing step, namely, performing bottom sealing on the open caisson box 1, and connecting one end of the anchor rod mechanism far away from the second stress point with the open caisson box 1.

As shown in fig. 10, concrete is poured at the bottom of the caisson 1, and the anchor rod mechanism is fixedly connected with the concrete; and (4) removing the part of the anchor rod mechanism positioned at the upper end of the concrete, and sealing the end part of the anchor rod mechanism.

As shown in fig. 11, in this step, after the caisson 1 is sunk in place and bottom sealing is completed, the anchor rods 2 and the anchor cables 3 on the top of the bottom sealing concrete are cut off, and the bottom plate and the main structure in the well are constructed. When the open caisson needs anti-floating, the anchor rope 2 is anchored in a bottom plate or a bearing platform to provide anti-floating force, a circle of steel plate water stop ring 25 is arranged on the outer side of the end part of the anchor rod 2 after the cut-off, a water-swelling ring 26 is arranged after the anchor rope 3 extends out of the anchor rod 2, the cavity of the anchor 4 is sealed by waterproof factice 27, and the top of the cavity is sealed by micro-swelling fine stone concrete 28.

In one embodiment, the caisson 1 may be stacked in multiple layers. When the open caisson box 1 sinks to have more sections, the soil outside the box can lift the water and soil pressure of the open caisson box 1, so that the box body can be deformed and the box body joint can be cracked, and a supporting system formed by components such as I-steel and channel steel can be arranged in the open caisson box 1, so that the stability and the safety of the structure are ensured.

Further, as shown in fig. 12, the shape and size of the caisson box 1 can be manufactured in a factory according to project requirements, and the caisson box can be suitable for assembling and sinking various special-shaped caisson with different shapes and depths. The anchor rods 2 and the anchor cables 3 can be arranged according to the shape of the special-shaped open caisson, so that the static pressure construction of the special-shaped open caisson is realized.

The open caisson construction method overcomes the defects of large vibration, noise and limited construction space of the traditional open caisson construction, realizes low-vibration, noiseless, safe and efficient open caisson construction, reduces the influence on buildings, and can be suitable for low-clearance construction environments. The method has the advantages of simple steps, convenient construction, construction cost reduction and wide application prospect.

As shown in fig. 10 to 12, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a caisson structure, which is manufactured by the caisson construction method.

As shown in fig. 10, the open caisson structure comprises an open caisson box 1, an enlarged pile head 7 and an anchor rod mechanism, wherein the enlarged pile head 7 is arranged right below the open caisson box 1, and the enlarged pile head 7 is fixed with soil; one end of the anchor rod mechanism is connected with the open caisson box 1, the other end of the anchor rod mechanism is connected with the enlarged pile head 7, and the pulling force of the anchor rod mechanism is greater than the buoyancy force applied to the open caisson box 1.

As shown in fig. 2 and 3, in this embodiment, there are a plurality of enlarged pile heads 7 and anchor rod mechanisms, the enlarged pile heads 7 and the anchor rod mechanisms are connected in a one-to-one correspondence, and the anchor rod mechanisms are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the caisson 1.

As shown in fig. 4 to 6, the anchor rod mechanism includes an anchor rod 2, an anchor cable 3 and an anchor 4, the anchor 4 is disposed at one end of the anchor rod 2, the anchor cable 3 penetrates through the anchor rod 2 and the anchor 4, a clamping piece 5 is disposed on the anchor cable 3, and the clamping piece 5 is abutted to the anchor 4 under a stress state of the anchor cable 3.

The anchor cables 3 are provided with a plurality of anchor plates 17 corresponding to the anchor cables 3 in quantity, one end, close to the enlarged pile head 7, of the anchor rod mechanism is provided with an anchor plate 17, one end of the anchor plate 17 is connected with the anchor rod 2 through a positioning pin 19, the anchor cables 3 are connected with one end, close to the anchor rod 2, of the anchor plate 17, tie bars are arranged on the surfaces of the anchor rod 2 and one end, far away from the anchor rod 2, of the anchor plate 17, and the tie bars are preferably steel stranded wires 21.

As shown in fig. 4 and 5, a limiting plate 18 is arranged inside the anchor rod 2, the anchor cable 3 penetrates through the limiting plate 18, a limiting member 16 is arranged below the limiting plate 18 of the anchor cable 3, and the limiting member 16 abuts against the limiting plate 18 when the anchor cable 3 is in a tensioned state.

In this embodiment, the enlarged pile head 7 is a concrete structure wrapped around the end of the anchor rod mechanism.

As shown in fig. 7, the end surfaces of the anchor rods 2 are provided with lug plates 13 and paired clamp plates 14, and when the two anchor rods 2 are spliced, the lug plates 13 of one anchor rod 2 are butted against the clamp plates 14 of the other anchor rod 2 and fixed by a second bolt 15.

As shown in fig. 8, in one embodiment, the sidewall of the caisson 1 is provided with a grouting pipe 8, one end of the grouting pipe 8 is provided with a grout outlet 22, and the grout outlet 22 is arranged near the bottom of the caisson 1.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 9, the sidewall of the caisson 1 is provided with a observation tube 23, the bottom of the observation tube 23 is provided with the observation lamp 11, and the upper end of the observation tube 23 is provided with a cross wire 24.

As shown in fig. 8, in one embodiment, the bottom of the side wall of the caisson 1 is provided with a steel edge leg 12, and the thickness of the steel edge leg 12 is greater than the thickness of the side wall of the caisson 1.

As shown in fig. 10 and 11, a concrete bottom plate is arranged at the bottom of the caisson 1, the anchor rod mechanism is fixed in the concrete bottom plate, and a water stopping device is arranged at the end part of the anchor rod mechanism close to the concrete bottom plate. The water stopping device can be a water stopping ring 25, the water stopping ring 25 is arranged at the end part of the anchor rod 2, a water-swelling ring 26 is arranged after the anchor rope 3 extends out of the anchor rod 2, the cavity of the anchor 4 is sealed by using waterproof factice 27, and the top of the cavity is sealed by using micro-expansion fine stone concrete 28.

According to the open caisson structure provided by the invention, the open caisson box 1 is fixed by expanding the pile head 7 and the anchor rod mechanism, the anchor rod mechanism provides downward tension for the open caisson box 1, the tension is not less than the buoyancy borne by the open caisson box 1, the buoyancy borne by the open caisson box 1 is offset, the problem that the open caisson box 1 is easy to float upwards is solved, the open caisson structure has a good anti-floating effect, and the stability of the open caisson box is effectively improved. The open caisson structure is convenient to construct, low in construction cost and wide in application prospect.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing an open caisson is characterized by comprising the following steps:

taking the side wall of the caisson box as a first stress point;

taking the anchor pile fixing point position in the sinking direction of the open caisson as a second stress point;

a jack and an anchor rod mechanism are arranged in the sinking direction of the open caisson box;

and after the open caisson box is sunk in place, sealing the bottom of the open caisson box, and connecting one end of the anchor rod mechanism, which is far away from the second stress point, with the open caisson box.

2. The open caisson construction method of claim 1, wherein the step of connecting the jack to the first force point at the end near the second force point comprises:

3. The open caisson construction method of claim 1, wherein at least two first force bearing points and two second force bearing points are arranged, the first force bearing points and the second force bearing points are in one-to-one correspondence to form a group, and the first force bearing points are uniformly arranged on the side wall of the open caisson box.

4. The open caisson construction method according to any one of claims 1 or 3, further comprising a grouting step:

5. The open caisson construction method of claim 3, further comprising the step of rectifying:

and adjusting the verticality of the open caisson by adjusting the lift range of the jack at the corresponding position.

6. The method of sinking construction of any one of claims 1 or 3 wherein bottoming the caisson and connecting the end of the bolting mechanism remote from the second force-bearing point to the caisson comprises:

7. A caisson structure, wherein the caisson structure is manufactured by the caisson construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising:

a caisson box;

8. The open caisson structure of claim 6, wherein said caisson structure comprises a plurality of said enlarged pile heads and said anchor rod mechanisms, said enlarged pile heads and said anchor rod mechanisms being connected in a one-to-one correspondence, said plurality of anchor rod mechanisms being evenly distributed at the bottom of said caisson.

9. The open caisson structure of claim 7, wherein the anchor rod mechanism comprises an anchor rod, an anchor cable and an anchor device, the anchor device is arranged at one end of the anchor rod, the anchor cable penetrates through the anchor rod and the anchor device, a limiting part is arranged on the anchor cable, and the limiting part abuts against the anchor device when the anchor cable is in a stressed state.

10. The open caisson structure of claim 9, wherein there are a plurality of said anchor cables, and one end of said anchor rod mechanism near said enlarged pile head is provided with anchor plates corresponding to said number of said anchor cables, one end of said anchor plates is connected to said anchor rod through a shaft, said anchor cables are connected to one end of said anchor plates near said anchor rod, and one end of said anchor plates far from said anchor rod is provided with tie bars on the surface of said anchor rod.