CN115710729A - Method for rapidly measuring shape of vertical cathode furnace side or cathode inclination angle of oxygen-aluminum co-production electrolytic cell - Google Patents
Method for rapidly measuring shape of vertical cathode furnace side or cathode inclination angle of oxygen-aluminum co-production electrolytic cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN115710729A CN115710729A CN202110969686.5A CN202110969686A CN115710729A CN 115710729 A CN115710729 A CN 115710729A CN 202110969686 A CN202110969686 A CN 202110969686A CN 115710729 A CN115710729 A CN 115710729A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of aluminum smelting, and particularly relates to a method for quickly measuring the shape of a vertical cathode furnace side or the cathode inclination angle of an aluminum-oxygen co-production electrolytic cell. The invention combines a rotation angle sensor with a measuring rod, the measuring rod is lifted and rotated through the rotation angle sensor, the rotation angle is automatically recorded, and the distance between a furnace side or a cathode and a reference shaft is calculated according to the rotation angle and the inherent size of the measuring rod, so that the shape of the cathode furnace side or the inclination angle of the cathode is determined; the method for rapidly measuring the shape of the cathode furnace side and the cathode inclination angle is simple and practical, convenient to operate, high in measurement precision, easy to implement in a detection mode and easy to popularize.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aluminum smelting, and particularly relates to a method for rapidly measuring the shape of a vertical cathode furnace side or the cathode inclination angle of an oxygen-aluminum co-production electrolytic cell.
Background
The prior Hall-Herout aluminum electrolytic cell adopts a consumable carbon anode, which not only consumes a great amount of carbon materials which take high-quality petroleum coke as a main body and discharges the carbon materialsAmplifying greenhouse effect gas CO 2 Strong greenhouse gas fluorocarbons (CF) 4 、C 2 F 6 )、SO 2 In addition, in the existing aluminum electrolysis process, the prebaked anode carbon block needs to be continuously replaced, so that the electrolysis production is unstable, the labor intensity, the personal risk of workers facing high-temperature melt and the inorganized emission of fluoride are increased; carcinogenic aromatic compounds (PAH) and SO are also discharged in the production process of the prebaked carbon anode 2 Dust, which are one of the main sources of PM 2.5; in addition, the adoption of the carbon anode is also one of the main reasons of the problems of high energy consumption, high cost and the like of the existing aluminum electrolysis process.
The novel process for realizing the co-production electrolysis of oxygen and primary aluminum by adopting a non-carbon anode or an inert anode can solve the problems of emission and pollution, improve the production efficiency, reduce the occupied area and reduce the production cost, and is a focus of attention and a research focus in the international aluminum industry and the material industry. The non-carbon anode used in the combined electrolysis process of oxygen and aluminum has the following advantages: (1) The electrode is hardly consumed in the electrolytic process, the material consumption is less than one percent of that of the carbon anode, and an attached carbon processing factory and a carbon anode assembly factory are not needed, so that the production cost is reduced, and the environmental influence and pollution caused by the production and use of the carbon anode are eliminated; (2) The electrode is not consumed, the polar distance is stable, the control is easy, the anode replacement frequency is reduced by more than ten times, and the labor intensity and the occupational risk are greatly reduced; (3) The higher current per unit volume can be adopted, so that the productivity of the electrolytic cell is increased; (4) The product of the anode is oxygen, so that the environmental pollution is avoided, and the oxygen can also be used as a byproduct.
Aluminum electrolysis reaction equation is formed by Al by adopting non-carbon anode 2 O 3 +C＝Al+CO 2 E =1.2V to Al 2 O 3 ＝Al+O 2 E =2.2V; the theoretical decomposition voltage of the latter is 1V higher than that of the former, so that the non-carbon inert anode is required to be in a more heat-insulating electrolytic tank structure, and an electrolytic tank with a vertical structure is required. The inert anode aluminum electrolytic cell adopting the vertical electrode arrangement has the advantages of reduced volume, increased yield, and reduced size due to the multiplied increase of the electrode area and the small size of the inert anode and the inert cathode,The heat dissipation is reduced, and the defect that the theoretical decomposition voltage of the inert anode is higher than that of the carbon anode is overcome.
Based on the characteristic that the vertical-structure electrolytic cell has strict requirements on the side heat preservation, the better furnace side can preserve the heat of the electrolytic cell, reduce the heat loss of the electrolytic cell and the input of energy, thereby reducing the voltage, reducing the trend of the horizontal current of the side part and reducing the current idle consumption, and the production of the electrolytic cell needs to adjust parameters tightly around the change of the furnace side, thereby ensuring the stability of indexes and the stable operation of the electrolytic cell. This determination is often required when data is required for the overall analysis and optimization of the cell design, in particular the thermal field design, or the overall analysis and optimization of the cell conditions and process conditions.
However, the vertical inert cathode standing on the bottom of the electrolytic cell is inclined due to thermal expansion, sodium/potassium expansion, aluminum water and electrolyte flowing and the like during the operation of the electrolytic cell, so that current distribution is affected, the operation of the electrolytic cell is abnormal, the corrosion of a non-carbon anode is increased and other adverse effects are caused, and therefore the inclined cathode needs to be detected and judged on site during the operation of the electrolytic cell.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for quickly measuring the shape of a vertical cathode furnace side or the cathode inclination angle of an oxygen-aluminum co-production electrolytic cell. (the oxygen-aluminum co-production electrolytic cell adopts inert anodes and inert cathodes which are arranged in a vertical way, the inert anodes and the inert cathodes are arranged in a staggered way, the vertical anodes are hung at the upper part of the electrolytic cell, and the vertical cathodes are arranged on the base at the bottom of the electrolytic cell)
The on-site measurement operation method is that the measuring rod can be lifted and rotated by using the rotation angle measured by the rotation angle sensor through a mechanical positioning method, the height is automatically recorded, the distance from the reference shaft is calculated according to the rotation angle by using the rotation angle measured by the rotation angle sensor, and the shape of the furnace wall or the inclined state of the cathode is calculated. Or the distance between the sensor and the high-temperature liquid is calculated through the temperature measured by the temperature sensor, and then the shape of the furnace side is calculated and drawn according to the difference of the distance between each point position.
The invention is realized by the following scheme:
a method for rapidly measuring the shape of a vertical cathode furnace side or the cathode inclination angle of an oxygen-aluminum co-production electrolytic cell specifically comprises the following operations:
the measuring rod is lifted and rotated through a rotation angle sensor, the rotation angle is automatically recorded, and the distance between the furnace wall or the cathode and a reference shaft is calculated according to the rotation angle and the inherent size of the measuring rod, so that the shape of the cathode furnace wall or the inclination angle of the cathode is determined; the rotation angle sensor comprises a scale shaft, an angle rotator, an angle value display, a shaft sleeve, a support rod and a support pile;
the measuring rod comprises a main rod and an auxiliary rod, one end of the main rod is movably connected with one end of the auxiliary rod, an included angle formed by the main rod and the auxiliary rod is 30-90 degrees, and when the included angle is 90 degrees, the L-shaped rod is obtained;
the angle rotator is connected with the angle value display through a connecting line; the lower part of the angle rotator is connected with a scale shaft, and a shaft sleeve is arranged on the scale shaft; the shaft sleeve is connected with the supporting pile through a supporting rod;
the measuring rod comprises a main rod and an auxiliary rod, one end of the main rod is movably connected with one end of the auxiliary rod, the other end of the main rod is fixedly connected with the scale shaft and is positioned on the same straight line, and the main rod and the auxiliary rod work synchronously; by rotating the measuring stick, the rotation angle can be displayed by the angle value display.
(1) Setting the horizontal direction and the vertical direction as X and Y directions respectively; the vertical distance of the furnace side, namely, the furnace side is averagely divided into n parts along the Y direction, n is a positive integer (at least more than 10 sections, and n is more than or equal to 10), and the furnace side is lifted section by section according to the bisection distance when the measuring rod is lifted;
(2) Detecting by using a measuring rod, taking the side face of the refractory heat-insulating material on the upper part of the anode group as a reference, inserting the anode group into the bottom of the electrolytic cell, keeping the anode group vertical, then rotating the measuring rod to measure the rotation angle when the anode group contacts the inner wall of the furnace wall, then lifting the measuring rod section by section along the Y direction according to the n sections of distances divided by the furnace wall in the step (1), and measuring the rotation angle corresponding to each section and recording as theta;
calculating the vertical distance of the inner wall of the furnace side from the reference axis as h3 according to the rotation angle theta and the length (as L1) of the auxiliary rod of the measuring rod; the distance from the outer wall of the furnace side to the reference shaft can be directly measured and is recorded as h1, and the thickness of the inner lining of the furnace side is also known and is recorded as h2; subtracting h2 from h1, and subtracting h3 to obtain the furnace wall thickness h, and determining a thickness point; finally obtaining n points by measuring a thickness point of each section, and connecting the n points together to obtain the shape of the furnace side;
preferably, in step (2), the reference axis is a rotation axis of the measuring rod.
Preferably, in the step (2), h3 is obtained by multiplying L1 by Sin θ, and 2 bits after the decimal point are reserved when h3 is taken as a value.
(3) Detecting by a measuring rod, taking the side surface of the refractory heat-insulating material on the upper part of a group of anode groups as a reference, keeping the side surface vertical, firstly inserting the measuring rod into the bottom of the electrolytic cell, determining the bottom end point of the cathode, marking as a point c, then lifting the measuring rod to the top along the Y direction, then rotating the measuring rod to contact the top point of the upper part of the cathode, marking as a point b, and measuring the rotation angle at the moment, marking as theta 1; calculating the distance x between the point b and the reference axis through the rotation angle theta 1 and the vertical height of the cathode, and drawing a line by using the two points b and c and marking the line as a straight line L; it can be measured whether the cathode is inclined or not and the cathode inclination theta 2.
If the straight line L is parallel to the anodes at the two sides, the cathode is not inclined;
if the straight line L is not parallel to the anodes at the two sides, the cathode is inclined, and the inclination angle at the moment is marked as theta 2; the distance from the top of the cathode to the anode is marked as x, and the distance from the top of the cathode to the reference plane of the cathode is calculated as follows from the distance and the known polar distance: x-pole distance, and calculating the cathode inclination angle theta 2 by knowing the cathode height.
Preferably, in step (3), the reference axis is a rotation axis of the measuring rod.
Preferably, in the step (3), x is an integer obtained by multiplying the known cathode height by tan theta 1,x.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the rapid determination method for the shape of the cathode furnace side and the cathode inclination angle provided by the invention is simple, convenient to operate, high in determination precision, easy to implement in a detection mode and easy to popularize.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the measurement using the rotation angle sensor according to example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of measuring the cathode inclination angle in example 2.
Description of reference numerals: 1-scale shaft, 2-rotation angle sensor, 3-anode, 4-furnace side, 5-cathode, 8-side carbon block, 9-measuring rod, 2-1 angle rotator, 2-2 angle value display, 2-3 shaft sleeve, 2-4 supporting pile and 2-5 supporting rod.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, without limiting its scope.
As shown in fig. 1, the rotation angle sensor 2 is a conventional instrument, and comprises a scale shaft 1, an angle rotator 2-1, an angle value display 2-2, a shaft sleeve 2-3, a support pile 2-4 and a support rod 2-5;
the angle rotator 2-1 is connected with the angle value display 2-2 through a connecting line; the lower part of the angle rotator 2-1 is connected with a scale shaft 1, and a shaft sleeve 2-3 is arranged on the scale shaft 1; the shaft sleeve 2-3 is connected with the support pile 2-4 through a support rod 2-5;
the measuring rod comprises a main rod and an auxiliary rod, one end of the main rod is movably connected with one end of the auxiliary rod, the other end of the main rod is fixedly connected with the scale shaft 1 and is positioned on the same straight line, and the main rod and the auxiliary rod work synchronously; by rotating the measuring stick, the rotation angle thereof can then be displayed by the angle value display 2-2.
Example 1:
a method for rapidly determining the shape of a vertical cathode furnace side of an oxygen-aluminum co-production electrolytic cell, a cathode furnace side measurement schematic diagram is shown in figure 1,
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Setting the horizontal direction and the vertical direction as X and Y directions respectively; dividing the vertical distance of the furnace side into n parts evenly along the Y direction, taking n as 15, and lifting and rotating according to the bisection distance when lifting the measuring rod;
(2) Detecting by using a measuring rod, taking the side surface of the refractory heat-insulating material at the upper part of the anode group as a reference, firstly inserting the anode group into the bottom of the electrolytic cell, keeping the anode group vertical, rotating the measuring rod, measuring the rotation angle when the auxiliary rod contacts the inner wall of the furnace side, then lifting the measuring rod section by section along the Y direction according to 15 sections of distance divided by the furnace side in the step (1), and measuring the rotation angle theta corresponding to each section;
taking the point a contacting the inner wall of the furnace wall as an example, the vertical distance between the point a of the inner wall of the furnace wall and the reference axis is recorded as h3, and h3= L1 by calculating the rotation angle theta and the length L1 of the auxiliary rod of the measuring rod . Keeping 2 bits after the decimal point when sin theta, h3 is taken;
the distance from the outer wall of the furnace side to the reference shaft can be directly measured and is recorded as h1, and the thickness of the inner lining of the furnace side is also known and is recorded as h2; subtracting h2 from h1 and subtracting h3 to obtain the thickness h of the furnace wall, measuring a thickness point of each section to finally obtain 15 points, and connecting the points together to obtain the shape of the furnace wall; the reference shaft is the rotating shaft of the measuring rod;
example 2:
a method for measuring the inclination angle of a vertical cathode of an oxygen-aluminum co-production electrolytic cell is disclosed, wherein a schematic diagram of cathode inclination angle measurement is shown in figure 2, and the method comprises the following steps:
detecting by using a measuring rod, taking the side surface of the refractory heat-insulating material on the upper part of a group of anode groups as a reference, keeping the side surface vertical, firstly inserting the measuring rod into the bottom of the electrolytic cell, determining the bottom end point of the cathode, marking as a point c, then lifting the measuring rod to the top along the Y direction, rotating the measuring rod, enabling an auxiliary rod to contact the top point on the upper part of the cathode, marking as a point b, and measuring the rotation angle at the moment, and marking as theta 1; calculating the distance x between the b point and the reference axis through the rotation angle theta 1 and the vertical height of the cathode, wherein x is the integer obtained by multiplying the known cathode height by tan theta 1,x;
drawing a line by using the two points b and c, and marking the line as a straight line L; then whether the cathode is inclined or not and the cathode inclination theta 2 can be measured; the reference shaft is the rotating shaft of the measuring rod.
If the straight line L is parallel to the anodes at the two sides, the cathode is not inclined;
if the straight line L is not parallel to the anodes at the two sides, the cathode inclines, and the inclination angle at the moment is marked as theta 2; the distance between the upper part of the cathode and the anode is x, and the distance between the top of the cathode and the reference plane of the cathode is calculated by the distance and the known polar distance: x-pole distance, and calculating the cathode inclination angle theta 2 by knowing the cathode height.
Description of the invention: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and do not limit the technical solutions described in the present invention; thus, while the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted; all such modifications and variations are intended to be included herein within the scope of this disclosure and the present invention and within the scope of the following claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method for rapidly measuring the shape of a vertical cathode furnace side or the cathode inclination angle of an oxygen-aluminum co-production electrolytic cell is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the measuring rod is lifted and rotated through a rotation angle sensor, the rotation angle is automatically recorded, and the distance between the furnace wall or the cathode and a reference shaft is calculated according to the rotation angle and the inherent size of the measuring rod, so that the shape of the cathode furnace wall or the inclination angle of the cathode is determined; the rotation angle sensor comprises a scale shaft, an angle rotator, an angle value display, a shaft sleeve, a support rod and a support pile;
the measuring rod comprises a main rod and an auxiliary rod, one end of the main rod is movably connected with one end of the auxiliary rod, an included angle formed by the main rod and the auxiliary rod is 30-90 degrees, and when the included angle is 90 degrees, the L-shaped rod is obtained;
the other end of the main body rod is fixedly connected with the scale shaft and is positioned on the same straight line.
2. The method for rapidly measuring the shape of the vertical cathode furnace side or the cathode inclination angle of the combined oxygen-aluminum co-production electrolytic cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the measuring rod is made of one or more of stainless steel, feCrAl alloy, feNiAl alloy, niAl, feAl, corrosion-resistant alloy ceramic, refractory hard alloy, boride ceramic or nitride ceramic.
3. The method for rapidly determining the vertical cathode furnace side shape or the cathode inclination angle of the oxygen-aluminum co-production electrolytic cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the determination steps of the cathode furnace side shape are as follows:
(1) Setting the horizontal direction and the vertical direction as X and Y directions respectively; the vertical distance of the furnace side, namely, the vertical distance is averagely divided into n parts along the Y direction, wherein n is a positive integer, and the furnace side is lifted section by section according to the average distance when the measuring rod is lifted;
(2) Detecting by using a measuring rod, taking the side face of the refractory heat-insulating material on the upper part of the anode group as a reference, inserting the anode group into the bottom of the electrolytic cell, keeping the anode group vertical, then rotating the measuring rod to measure the rotation angle when the anode group contacts the inner wall of the furnace wall, then lifting the measuring rod section by section along the Y direction according to the n sections of distances divided by the furnace wall in the step (1), and measuring the rotation angle corresponding to each section and recording as theta;
calculating the vertical distance between the inner wall of the furnace side and the reference axis as h3 according to the rotation angle theta and the length of the auxiliary rod of the measuring rod; the distance from the outer wall of the furnace side to the reference shaft can be directly measured and is recorded as h1, and the thickness of the inner lining of the furnace side is also known and is recorded as h2; subtracting h2 from h1, and subtracting h3 to obtain the furnace wall thickness h, and determining a thickness point; and finally obtaining n points by measuring a thickness point of each section, and connecting the n points together to obtain the shape of the furnace wall.
4. The method for rapidly determining the vertical cathode furnace side shape or the cathode inclination angle of the oxygen-aluminum co-production electrolytic cell according to claim 3, wherein n is more than or equal to 10 in the step (2).
5. The method for rapidly measuring the vertical cathode furnace side shape or the cathode inclination angle of the oxygen-aluminum co-production electrolytic cell according to claim 3, wherein the reference axis in the step (2) is the rotating axis of the measuring rod.
6. The method for rapidly measuring the shape of the vertical cathode furnace side or the cathode inclination angle of the oxygen-aluminum co-production electrolytic cell according to claim 3, wherein the length of the auxiliary rod in the step (2) is L1; h3 is the product of L1 and Sin theta, and 2 bits behind the decimal point are reserved when h3 is taken as a value.
7. The method for rapidly measuring the vertical cathode furnace side shape or the cathode inclination angle of the oxygen-aluminum co-production electrolytic cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the measuring steps of the cathode inclination angle are as follows:
detecting by a measuring rod, taking the side surface of the refractory heat-insulating material on the upper part of a group of anode groups as a reference, keeping the side surface vertical, firstly inserting the measuring rod into the bottom of the electrolytic cell, determining the bottom end point of the cathode, marking as a point c, then lifting the measuring rod to the top along the Y direction, then rotating the measuring rod to contact the top point of the upper part of the cathode, marking as a point b, and measuring the rotation angle at the moment, marking as theta 1; calculating the distance x between the point b and the reference axis through the rotation angle theta 1 and the vertical height of the cathode, and drawing a line by using the two points b and c and marking the line as a straight line L; then whether the cathode is inclined or not and the cathode inclination theta 2 can be measured;
if the straight line L is parallel to the anodes at the two sides, the cathode is not inclined;
if the straight line L is not parallel to the anodes at the two sides, the cathode is inclined, and the inclined angle is marked as theta 2; the distance from the top of the cathode to the anode is recorded as x, and from this distance and the known polar distance, the distance of the top of the cathode from the reference plane of the cathode itself is calculated as: x-pole distance, and calculating the cathode inclination angle theta 2 by knowing the cathode height.
8. The method for rapidly measuring the vertical cathode furnace side shape or the cathode inclination angle of the oxygen-aluminum co-production electrolytic cell as claimed in claim 7, wherein the reference axis is the rotation axis of the measuring rod.
9. The method for rapidly determining the vertical cathode furnace wall shape or the cathode inclination angle of the combined oxygen and aluminum electrolysis cell as claimed in claim 7, wherein x is an integer obtained by multiplying the height of a known cathode by tan θ 1,x.
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