CN110747492B - Method for on-site detection and on-site adjustment of vertical cathode inclination of oxygen-aluminum co-production electrolytic cell - Google Patents
Method for on-site detection and on-site adjustment of vertical cathode inclination of oxygen-aluminum co-production electrolytic cell Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of aluminum smelting, and discloses a method for on-site detection and on-site adjustment of vertical cathode inclination of an oxygen-aluminum co-production electrolytic cell. The method is implemented by monitoring the partial current of each anode and cathode on site, detecting by a further physical means or a mechanical means when the inclination risk exists, then adding wedges for correction or adding positioning bars for righting or adopting both, recovering the operation and the like. The method is simple, the field detection is convenient, and the correction mode is easy to realize.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aluminum smelting, and relates to a method for on-site detection and on-site adjustment of vertical cathode inclination of an oxygen-aluminum co-production electrolytic cell.
Background
The prior Hall-Herout aluminum electrolytic cell adopts a consumable carbon anode, not only consumes a large amount of carbon materials which take high-quality petroleum coke as a main body, but also discharges a large amount of greenhouse effect gas CO2Strong greenhouse gas fluorocarbons (CF)4、C2F6)、SO2In addition, in the existing aluminum electrolysis process, the prebaked anode carbon block needs to be continuously replaced, so that the electrolysis production is unstable, the labor intensity, the personal risk of workers facing high-temperature melt and the inorganized emission of fluoride are increased; carcinogenic aromatic compounds (PAH) and SO are also discharged in the production process of the prebaked carbon anode2Dust, which are one of the main sources of PM 2.5; in addition, the adoption of the carbon anode is also one of the main reasons of the problems of high energy consumption, high cost and the like of the existing aluminum electrolysis process.
The new process for realizing the co-production electrolysis of oxygen and primary aluminum by adopting a non-carbon anode or an inert anode can solve the problems of emission and pollution, improve the production efficiency, reduce the occupied area and reduce the production cost, and becomes a focus of attention and a research hotspot in the international aluminum industry and the material industry. The non-carbon anode used in the combined electrolysis process of oxygen and aluminum has the following advantages: (1) the electrode is hardly consumed in the electrolytic process, the material consumption is less than one percent of that of the carbon anode, and an attached carbon processing factory and a carbon anode assembly factory are not needed, so that the production cost is reduced, and the environmental influence and pollution caused by the production and use of the carbon anode are eliminated; (2) the electrode is not consumed, the polar distance is stable, the control is easy, the anode replacement frequency is reduced by more than ten times, and the labor intensity and the occupational risk are greatly reduced; (3) the higher current per unit volume can be adopted, so that the productivity of the electrolytic cell is increased; (4) the anode product is oxygen, which avoids environmental pollution, and the oxygen can also be used as a byproduct.
The non-carbon anode is adopted to cause the aluminum electrolysis reaction equation to be composed of
Al2O3+C＝Al+CO2，E＝1.2V
Is turned into
Al2O3＝Al+O2,E＝2.2V
The theoretical decomposition voltage of the latter is 1V higher than that of the former, so that the adoption of the non-carbon inert anode necessitates the use of a more insulated electrolytic cell structure, and an electrolytic cell with a vertical structure is needed. The inert anode aluminum electrolytic cell adopting the vertical electrode arrangement has the advantages that the electrode area can be increased in multiples, and the sizes of the inert anode and the inert cathode are small, so that the volume of the electrolytic cell is reduced, the yield is increased, the heat dissipation is reduced, and the defect that the theoretical decomposition voltage of the inert anode is higher than that of a carbon anode is overcome.
However, the vertical inert cathode standing on the bottom of the electrolytic cell is inclined due to thermal expansion, sodium/potassium expansion, aluminum water and electrolyte flowing and the like during the operation of the electrolytic cell, so that current distribution is influenced, the operation of the electrolytic cell is abnormal, the corrosion of a non-carbon anode is increased and other adverse effects are caused, and therefore the inclined cathode needs to be corrected on site during the operation of the electrolytic cell.
Currently, conventional electrolyzers do not have such problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for detecting and adjusting the inclination of a vertical cathode of an oxygen-aluminum co-production electrolytic cell on site. The oxygen-aluminum co-production electrolytic cell adopts inert anodes and inert cathodes which are vertically arranged, the inert anodes and the inert cathodes are staggered, the vertical anodes are hung at the upper part of the electrolytic cell, and the vertical cathodes are arranged on a base at the bottom of the electrolytic cell.
The invention is realized by the following scheme:
a method for detecting the inclination of a vertical cathode of an oxygen-aluminum co-production electrolytic cell on site comprises the following steps:
(1) the partial currents of the anodes and the cathodes are monitored on site, the fact that the anode current of one side of a certain group of cathodes exceeds the average value and the anode current of the other side of the certain group of cathodes is lower than the average value is detected, the group of cathodes has a risk of inclination, and the part with the high current value is the inclined side; further physical or mechanical means detection verification is required;
(2) the method comprises the steps of providing a heat-preservation refractory partition board between anodes in an electrolytic cell, detecting by adopting a vertical steel bar, inserting the partition board into the bottom of the electrolytic cell by taking the side face of a refractory heat-preservation material on the upper part of an anode group as a reference, keeping the partition board vertical, translating the steel bar in the X and Y directions to confirm the position of an inclined cathode and contacting the upper part of the cathode, measuring the distance X between the anode and the steel bar, calculating the distance l between the top of the cathode and a reference plane by the distance and the known polar distance, obtaining the distance l between the top of the cathode and the reference plane as the polar distance-X, and calculating.
In the step (1), the anode current of one side of a certain group of cathodes exceeds 10% of the average value, and the anode current of the other side of the group of cathodes is lower than 10% of the average value.
In the step (2), the polar distance is the distance between the cathode and the anode before the cathode inclines.
A method for adjusting the vertical cathode inclination field of an oxygen-aluminum co-production electrolytic cell is used for adjusting the cathode inclination field according to the cathode inclination angle theta measured by the detection method, and the method comprises the following specific operations:
a adopts a triangular wedge method: selecting a triangular wedge with a corresponding angle according to the cathode inclination angle theta, righting the cathode by using a clamp, nailing the triangular wedge into the root of the cathode, and detecting on site again to ensure that the cathode does not incline any more and the triangular wedge is immersed into the aluminum water;
b, adopting a positioning strip method: providing the group of anodes corresponding to the inclined cathodes, adopting a clamp to right the cathodes, adding a plurality of positioning strips between the two groups of cathodes to right the cathodes, and detecting on site again to ensure that the cathodes are not inclined any more; if the cathode is inclined, the anode on the other side of the inclined cathode is provided, a plurality of positioning strips are added between the two groups of cathodes to right the cathodes, and the cathodes are ensured not to be inclined by field detection again; the positioning strip is immersed in the aluminum water and then put back to the anode group;
a or B is used independently, or A and B are used simultaneously and are not separated in sequence.
The cathode is righted by making two side surfaces of the cathode parallel to and equidistant from the anodes on two sides.
The third mentionedThe material of the angle wedge is TiB2、TiB2-C composite material, graphite material, AlN material, SiC material, Si3N4Material, SiC-Si3N4Material, sintered alumina material.
The positioning strip is in the shape of one of a cube, a cuboid, a triangle, a polygon and a trapezoid, and the material of the positioning strip is TiB2、TiB2-C composite material, graphite material, AlN material, SiC material, Si3N4Material, SiC-Si3N4Material, sintered alumina material.
Furthermore, the positioning strip is of an inverted T shape or an L shape, is provided with a groove in the middle, is embedded with the cathode, and is added at the two ends of the cathode and the gap of the cathode block to play the roles of positioning and righting the cathode.
Further, the graphite material is a hollow graphite material, and the hollow graphite material is filled with a sintered alumina block material, a high-alumina refractory block material, a SiC block material and SiC-Si3N4One of the blocks or a composite block thereof.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the field detection method provided by the invention is simple, convenient to operate, easy to realize the correction mode and easy to popularize.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of cathode tilt measurement;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a cathode being centered using a triangular wedge; a-front view, b-top view;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a combination of triangular wedges and spacer bars placed between two sets of cathodes to right the cathodes; a-front view, b-top view;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of mounting T-shaped or L-shaped positioning strips at two ends of a cathode and at the gap of a cathode block, and a middle column with a groove and embedded with the cathode; a-front view, b-top view;
description of reference numerals: 1-cathode, 2-triangular wedge, 3-positioning strip, 4-anode and 5-steel bar.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the drawings and examples of the specification, but without limiting the scope of protection.
Example 1
A method for in-situ detecting the inclination of a vertical cathode of an oxygen-aluminum co-production electrolytic cell, wherein the cathode inclination measurement schematic diagram is shown in figure 1, comprises the following steps:
(1) by monitoring the partial currents of the anodes and the cathodes on site, the anode current of one side of a certain group of cathodes is detected to exceed 10% of the mean value, and the anode current of the other side of the certain group of cathodes is detected to be lower than 10% of the mean value, so that the group of cathodes have a tilting risk, and the part with the high current value is a tilting side; further physical or mechanical means detection verification is required;
(2) slowly putting out the heat-insulating refractory partition board between anodes in the electrolytic cell, detecting by adopting a vertical steel bar, taking the side surface of the refractory heat-insulating material on the upper part of an anode group as a reference, firstly inserting the partition board into the bottom of the electrolytic cell, keeping the partition board vertical, translating the steel bar in the X and Y directions to confirm the position of an inclined cathode, contacting the upper part of the cathode, measuring the distance X between the anode and the steel bar, calculating the distance l between the top of the cathode and a reference plane by the distance and the known polar distance, obtaining the distance l between the top of the cathode and the reference plane as the polar distance-X, and calculating the cathode inclination angle theta.
After the cathode inclination angle theta is measured by adopting the detection method, the field adjustment method comprises the following steps: as shown in fig. 2, after the cathode inclination is detected, the cathode inclination is measured, a fixture is used for righting the cathode, one or more triangular wedges with corresponding angles are driven into the inclined side or the other side of the cathode simultaneously, the cathode is corrected and is not inclined again, the triangular wedges are nailed into the root of the cathode, and the triangular wedges are immersed into the aluminum water.
Example 2
The vertical cathode inclination on-site detection method of the oxygen-aluminum co-production electrolytic cell is the same as that in the embodiment 1;
after the cathode inclination angle theta is measured by adopting the detection method, the field adjustment method comprises the following steps: as shown in fig. 3, after the cathode inclination is detected, the cathode inclination is measured, the group of anodes corresponding to the inclined cathodes is proposed, the cathodes are centered by using a fixture, then one or more positioning strips with triangular wedges at both ends are nailed into the inclined side or the other side of the cathodes simultaneously, the positioning strips can be also used without the triangular wedges, the cathodes are corrected between the two cathodes and are not inclined again, the height of the positioning strips is lower than the aluminum level, the positioning strips are immersed into the aluminum water, and then the proposed anode group is put back.
Example 3
The vertical cathode inclination on-site detection method of the oxygen-aluminum co-production electrolytic cell is the same as that in the embodiment 1;
after the cathode inclination angle theta is measured by adopting the detection method, the field adjustment method comprises the following steps: as shown in fig. 4, after the cathode inclination is detected, the cathode inclination is measured, the group of anodes corresponding to the inclined cathodes is proposed, the cathodes are centered by using a fixture, then T-shaped or L-shaped positioning strips are added at the two ends of the cathodes and the gap of the cathode block, the middle upright post with the groove is embedded with the cathodes to correct the cathodes without inclining the cathodes again, the height of the positioning strips is lower than the aluminum level, the positioning strips are immersed in aluminum water, and then the proposed anode group is put back.
Claims (8)
1. A method for on-site adjustment of vertical cathode inclination of an oxygen-aluminum co-production electrolytic cell, wherein the oxygen-aluminum co-production electrolytic cell adopts inert anodes and inert cathodes which are vertically arranged, the inert anodes and the inert cathodes are staggered, the vertical anodes are hung at the upper part of the electrolytic cell, and the vertical cathodes are arranged on a base at the bottom of the electrolytic cell, and is characterized in that the on-site adjustment method specifically comprises the following operations:
the method comprises the following steps: obtaining a cathode inclination angle theta;
(1) the partial currents of the anodes and the cathodes are monitored on site, the fact that the anode current of one side of a certain group of cathodes exceeds the average value and the anode current of the other side of the certain group of cathodes is lower than the average value is detected, the group of cathodes has a risk of inclination, and the part with the high current value is the inclined side; further physical or mechanical means detection verification is required;
(2) providing a heat-preservation refractory partition board between anodes in an electrolytic cell, detecting by adopting a vertical steel bar, inserting the heat-preservation refractory partition board into the bottom of the electrolytic cell by taking the side surface of a refractory heat-preservation material at the upper part of an anode group as a reference, keeping the heat-preservation refractory partition board vertical, translating the steel bar in the X and Y directions to confirm the position of an inclined cathode and contacting the upper part of the cathode, measuring the distance X between the anode and the steel bar, calculating the distance l between the top of the cathode and a reference plane by the distance and the known polar distance, obtaining the distance l between the top of the cathode and the reference plane as the polar distance-X;
step two: on-site adjustment of tilted cathodes:
a adopts a triangular wedge method: selecting a triangular wedge with a corresponding angle according to the cathode inclination angle theta, righting the cathode by using a clamp, nailing the triangular wedge into the root of the cathode, and detecting on site again to ensure that the cathode does not incline any more and the triangular wedge is immersed into the aluminum water;
b, adopting a positioning strip method: providing an anode corresponding to the inclined cathode, adopting a clamp to right the cathode, adding a plurality of positioning strips between two groups of cathodes to right the cathode, and detecting on site again to ensure that the cathode is not inclined any more; if the cathode is inclined, the anode on the other side of the inclined cathode is provided, a plurality of positioning strips are added between the two groups of cathodes to right the cathodes, and the cathodes are ensured not to be inclined by field detection again; the positioning strip is immersed in the aluminum water and then put back to the anode group;
a or B is used independently, or A and B are used simultaneously and are not separated in sequence.
2. The method for the on-site adjustment of the inclination of the vertical cathode of an oxygen-aluminum co-production electrolysis cell according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the cathode is straightened by arranging the two sides of the cathode in parallel with and at equal distances from the anodes at the two sides.
3. The method for on-site adjustment of the inclination of the vertical cathode of an oxyaluminum co-production electrolysis cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step two, the material of the triangular wedge is TiB2、TiB2-C composite material, graphite material, AlN material, SiC material, Si3N4Material, SiC-Si3N4Material, sintered alumina material.
4. The method for on-site adjustment of the inclination of the vertical cathode in an oxyaluminum co-production electrolytic cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the second step, the shape of the positioning strip is one of a cube, a rectangular parallelepiped, a triangular cube, a polygonal cube and a trapezoidal cube, and the material of the positioning strip is TiB2、TiB2-C composite material, graphite material, AlN material, SiC material, Si3N4Material, SiC-Si3N4Material, sintered alumina material.
5. The method for on-site adjustment of the inclination of the vertical cathode of an oxyaluminum co-production electrolysis cell as claimed in claim 4, wherein said positioning bar is of an inverted T-shape or L-shape, has a groove in the middle, is inlaid with the cathode, and is added at both ends of the cathode and at the gap of the cathode block.
6. The method for on-site adjustment of the inclination of the vertical cathode of an oxyaluminum co-production electrolysis cell of claim 4, wherein said graphite material is a hollow graphite material filled with sintered alumina block, high-alumina refractory block, SiC-Si block3N4One of the blocks or a composite block thereof.
7. The method for on-site adjustment of the inclination of the vertical cathodes in an oxyaluminum co-production electrolysis cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step one (1), the anode current of a certain group of cathodes exceeds 10% of the mean value on one side and is less than 10% of the mean value on the other side.
8. The method for the on-site adjustment of the inclination of the vertical cathode of an oxygen-aluminum co-production electrolytic cell as recited in claim 1, wherein in the step (2) of the first step, the polar distance is the distance from the anode before the cathode is inclined.
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| RU2457285C1 (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2012-07-27 | Семен Игоревич Ножко | Electrolysis unit for aluminium manufacture |
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| CN107223167A (en) * | 2015-02-11 | 2017-09-29 | 美铝美国公司 | System and method for Purification of Aluminum |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN2903924Y (en) * | 2006-01-24 | 2007-05-23 | 兰州铝业股份有限公司 | Measurer for technique parameter of prebaked aluminium electrolysis bath |
| CN101008094A (en) * | 2006-01-24 | 2007-08-01 | 兰州铝业股份有限公司 | Prebaked aluminum electrolytic tank parameter measuring method and its device |
| RU2457285C1 (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2012-07-27 | Семен Игоревич Ножко | Electrolysis unit for aluminium manufacture |
| CN107223167A (en) * | 2015-02-11 | 2017-09-29 | 美铝美国公司 | System and method for Purification of Aluminum |
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