CN115698921A - 包括具有触摸控制区的成型垫片的玻璃窗以及用于制造此类玻璃窗的方法 - Google Patents
包括具有触摸控制区的成型垫片的玻璃窗以及用于制造此类玻璃窗的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115698921A CN115698921A CN202280004150.2A CN202280004150A CN115698921A CN 115698921 A CN115698921 A CN 115698921A CN 202280004150 A CN202280004150 A CN 202280004150A CN 115698921 A CN115698921 A CN 115698921A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- glazing
- face
- capacitive
- glass element
- profiled
- Prior art date
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- Pending
Links
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- Window Of Vehicle (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种玻璃窗(1),其包括玻璃元件(2),该玻璃元件具有第一面、第二面(22)和设置在第二面(22)的周部的至少一部分上的由塑性材料制成的成型垫片(3),其特征在于,玻璃窗(1)还包括置于第二面(22)和成型垫片(3)之间的电容膜(4),电容膜(4)电连接至用于连接探测电路的连接件(5)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及玻璃窗领域,尤其是用于机动车辆的玻璃窗,该玻璃窗包括触摸式电容装置。本发明还涉及用于制造此类玻璃窗的方法。
背景技术
现有技术中已知结合有允许控制设备的触敏电容装置的玻璃窗。这些玻璃窗中的某些玻璃窗甚至可能包括多个该装置,以控制多个构件。此类触敏电容装置包括彼此连接并置于同一层或不同层上的两个电极。当用户的一个手指接近时,两个电极之间的电容会发生变化。电容的变化是通过电路来测量的,并且在超过阈值时会触发开关信号。国际专利申请WO 2018/002723号描述了包括触敏电容装置的玻璃窗示例。示出了玻璃窗100,更具体地说是汽车玻璃天窗,其包括第一透明玻璃窗1、导电层2和触敏装置3,所述触敏装置包括在导电层2中形成的触敏表面30。导电层2施加到设置在玻璃窗100内部的支撑层9上。该文献还公开了玻璃窗100可以是例如挡风玻璃或侧玻璃窗。如该文献的附图中可以看到的,触敏电容装置3占据了玻璃窗100的相对大的面积。因此,此类方案尤其存在减少玻璃窗透光量的缺陷。因此机动车辆内部由于触敏电容装置3的存在而变得阴暗。当结合到小尺寸玻璃窗上时,该装置及其周边物可能占据大面积。这种缺陷是显而易见的,例如对于诸如后侧窗的侧玻璃窗来说。
专利文献WO 2019/150038描述了将部件结合到玻璃元件内部,介于该玻璃元件的多个内部面之间以及该玻璃元件的玻璃透明部分内。没有成型垫片。
发明内容
本发明的目的是通过提出一种包括触敏电容装置的玻璃窗来克服现有技术的缺陷,从而使得可以获得与不包括此类装置的玻璃窗相当的透光量,也就是说不会降低玻璃的透明度。
因此,本发明令人惊讶地基于这样的发现:即可以将触敏电容装置隐藏到位于玻璃边缘上的垫片中,且特别是通过注塑模制(玻璃领域中称为“封装”的技术)制造的垫片。
为此,本发明因此最广义地涉及根据权利要求1所述的玻璃窗。这种玻璃窗包括玻璃元件,所述玻璃元件具有第一面、第二面和具有至少一个探测区的电容膜,所述玻璃窗的显著之处在于它包括设置在所述外部面的周部(pourtour)的至少一部分上的由塑性材料制成的成型垫片,并且从横截面观察时,所述探测区位于所述第二面和所述成型垫片之间。
根据本发明的玻璃窗的优点是设置了触摸式电容装置形式的控制装置,同时使得玻璃窗的透光量与不包括此类装置的玻璃窗相当。因此,根据本发明的玻璃窗不包括原本在所述玻璃窗的视野透明部分中或窗玻璃的透明部分中的所述电容膜的任何部件。
有利地,所述探测区定位成与所述第二面和所述成型垫片接触。
优选地,从横截面观察时,所述探测区在一宽度上延伸,所述宽度被包括在与所述第二面相对的所述成型垫片的宽度的10%到90%之间,优选20%到80%之间,从而使得所述探测区在车辆的整个使用寿命期间通过所述成型垫片得以正确保持。
优选地,所述第二面为所述玻璃窗的外部或内部面,即分别与外部空间或内部空间接触的面;在这种情况下,所述第二面不是中间面。因此,电容膜通过所述成型垫片正常工作。
优选地,所述电容膜包括设置在所述第二面上的探测区,所述第二面通过电连接部与所述连接件的端部相连。
这样就可以在成型垫片上相对精确地定位允许控制设备的触敏旋钮的位置。
有利地,所述玻璃元件具有设置在所述第一面和所述第二面之间的侧面,并且所述电容膜包括与所述侧面接触的电连接部。
通过这种方式,连接探测区和连接件的电连接部被结合到成型垫片处,以允许改善玻璃窗的美观性。
优选地,所述电容膜包括位于所述成型垫片外部的连接件。因此,所述成型垫片的制造更简单,这是因为无需处理成型垫片中所述连接件的存在。
优选地,所述成型垫片包括插入件。
优选地,所述插入件包括塑性材料,且优选地由塑性材料制成。这种塑性材料可以是例如聚丙烯或聚酰胺。
优选地,所述成型垫片包括含所述插入件和所述探测区的腔体。
优选地,所述电容膜与之接触地位于所述第二面与所述插入件之间,且更优选地,所述探测区与之接触地位于所述第二面与所述插入件之间。
本发明的目的还在于一种车辆,尤其是机动车辆,其包括根据本发明的玻璃窗。
本发明还涉及一种用于制造根据本发明的玻璃窗的方法,所述玻璃窗包括玻璃元件,所述玻璃元件具有第一面、第二面和具有至少一个探测区的电容膜,所述玻璃元件、所述电容膜以及可选地插入件均定位到注塑模具中,以便在所述第二面的周部的至少一部分上形成由塑性材料制成的成型垫片。
因此所述方法依次包括:
-将所述电容膜固定在所述玻璃元件上的步骤;
-将所述玻璃元件插入到封装模具中的步骤;
-将塑性材料注入到所述封装模具中以形成所述成型垫片的步骤。
令人惊讶的是,因此可以将垫片的塑性材料注入成与电容膜接触。
根据本发明的方法具有的优点是:比现有技术中用于制造包括电容装置的玻璃窗的方法更容易实施。
有利地,在注入步骤之前实施以下步骤:将插入件放置在所述封装模具中的所述电容膜上的步骤。
附图说明
下面将参照附图,以非限制性示例的方式来描述本发明的多个实施方式,其中:
-图1示意性地示出了根据本发明第一实施方式的玻璃窗的俯视图;
-图2示意性地示出了沿[图1]上可见的A-A’面的剖视图;
-图3示意性地示出了根据本发明第二实施方式的玻璃窗的俯视图;
-图4示意性地示出了沿[图3]上可见的B-B’面的剖视图;
-图5以逻辑图的形式示出了用于制造根据本发明的玻璃窗的方法的步骤。
具体实施方式
在用作车辆玻璃窗1、100的应用中,作为示例对本发明进行了描述。因此,该玻璃窗通过在车辆外部的外部空间E和车辆内部的内部空间I之间实现分隔,从而使窗口闭合。因此,“外部”和“内部”的限定是分别相对于该外部空间E和该内部空间I而言的。
通过在后侧玻璃窗中的应用,作为非限制性示例对本发明进行了描述。因此,在说明性附图中,尤其是在剖视图中示意性地示出了安装在车身(不可见)窗口中的玻璃窗。
在本发明的实施例中,描述了窗玻璃或玻璃片材的使用。每个窗玻璃可以是单片的,即由单一片材构成,或者在层压玻璃窗的情况下是复合的,即由若干片材构成,,这些片材之间插入至少一层粘合材料中间层。(一个或多个)片材可以是无机物,尤其是玻璃,例如经过退火或钢化处理,或者是有机物,尤其是塑性材料,例如聚乙烯醇缩丁醛。中间层优选地含有至少一种热塑性塑性材料,优选聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、乙烯基乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)和/或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)。然而,热塑性中间层还可以含有例如聚氨酯(PU)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚丙烯酸酯、聚乙烯(PE)、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚氯乙烯、聚乙酸树脂、浇注树脂、丙烯酸酯、氟化乙烯丙烯、聚氟乙烯和/或乙烯-四氟乙烯,或它们的共聚物或混合物。热塑性中间层可以由一种或多种叠置的热塑性膜形成,热塑性膜的厚度优选地不超过1.0 mm,尤其是0.25 mm或0.5 mm到1.0 mm或0.9 mm,通常约为0.4 mm或0.7 mm。
玻璃窗可以形成挡风玻璃、车顶、车辆侧窗户、窗户或者甚至是建筑物隔板。车辆可以是陆路车辆(如轿车、卡车、公共汽车、有轨电车、铁路车辆)、水上运输交通工具(如船只),或航空运输交通工具(如飞机)。
在本发明中,使用了电容膜。电容膜包括透明柔性载体形式的透明基材或片材,由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(首字母缩写为PET)、聚酰胺、聚酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯或任何其他具有绝缘性的聚合物制成。这些材料在基材的稳定性和可操作性方面特别有利。其厚度优选地在10 µm到1 mm之间,且更具体地在30 µm到200 µm之间。柔性载体可以选自肯博(KREMPEL)公司的AKAFLEX®系列产品(尤其PCL FW)。具体地可以是厚度为50 µm的PET膜,带有在其面中的一者上的银基导电层形式的连接部。导电层经过激光束处理,以便在两个接近但未连接的导电区之间形成电容结构,即绝缘。
基材可以呈各种形状,例如盘状或矩形的形状。基材包括由铜、铝或任何其他导电金属材料制成的至少一个金属电极。例如,基材包括三个电极,这些电极被连接到用于连接到探测电路的电线束。电容膜被构造成可以承受封装步骤中采用的压力和温度。
在本说明书中,第二面22是玻璃窗1的外部面或内部面,且优选朝向外部空间E的外部面。
可替代地,尽管未示出,但电容膜也可以是国际专利申请WO 2018/002723号中描述的类型。在这种情况下,第二面22不是玻璃窗1的外部面或内部面,而是与玻璃元件2的其他片材接触的中间面。
参照图1,示意性地示出了本发明第一实施方式中的机动车辆的后侧玻璃窗1,通常被称为后侧窗。该玻璃窗1包括玻璃元件2,所述玻璃元件包括单一玻璃片材,例如无机玻璃。在一种可替代方案中,在层压玻璃窗的情况下,玻璃元件2是复合的,即由若干片材构成,这些片材之间插入至少一层粘合材料层。(一个或多个)片材可以是无机物,尤其是玻璃,或有机物,尤其是塑性材料。该玻璃窗1还包括设置在玻璃元件2的周部上的成型垫片3。在一种可替代方案中,成型垫片3仅设置在玻璃元件2的周部的一部分上,例如仅在第二面上。构成成型垫片3的材料可以是例如热塑性塑料(PVC、TPE等)、聚氨酯或甚至EPDM型合成橡胶或任何其他合适的柔性塑性材料。成型垫片3是通过实施称为“封装”的制造工艺制造的,因为它包括在模制设备中在两个模制部件之间模制成型垫片3的步骤,一个模制部件容纳玻璃窗的内部面,一个模制部件容纳玻璃窗的外部面,这两个模制部件在模制步骤期间彼此闭合。在图1上,成型垫片3设置在玻璃窗1的整个周缘上,但是该成型垫片3完全可以仅定位在玻璃窗的周缘的一部分上或玻璃窗的任意一部分上。图1上可见的玻璃窗的面是玻璃窗1的外部面22。玻璃窗1的内部面21在图2上可见。该玻璃窗1还包括置于成型垫片3与玻璃元件2之间的电容膜4。电容膜4形成电容器,其电容随着触发它的物体的接近或接触而变化,所述物体优选人的手指或介电常数接近人手指的物体。当然,触摸可以通过人的一个甚至几个手指或人体的另一部分来完成。在本发明的范围中,“触摸”是指与触敏区的所有相互作用,该相互作用导致测量信号的可测量的变化,在这种情况下即电容的可测量的变化。电容可以通过外部电容探测电子元件来测量。电容的变化例如是通过探测电路或电子元件测量的,并且在超过阈值时会触发开关信号。电容开关电路是已知的,例如通过DE 20 2006006 192 U1、EP 0 899 882 A1、US 6 452 514 B1和EP 1 515 211 A1。探测电子元件优选为电容探测电子元件。所发出的开关信号可以是任何类型的,且适于相应用途的要求。因此,开关信号可以对应于正电压,例如12 V,无开关信号可以对应于例如0 V,而另一开关信号可以对应于例如+6 V。开关信号也可以对应于CAN总线的常规CAN_High和CAN_Low电压,并随它们之间的电压值而变化。开关信号也可以是脉冲和/或数字编码的。成型垫片3具有可以与电容膜4相互作用的接触区6,或触敏区。接触区6大致呈盘状。可以通过直接触摸成型垫片3或者通过足够接近但不触摸成型垫片来进行相互作用。电容膜4包括连接件45,用于连接例如如上所述的探测电路。连接件45可以采取电线束的形式。电线的厚度小于或等于0.25 mm,优选在0.02 mm到0.15 mm之间。所述电线优选是金属的,尤其包括铜、钨、金、银或铝或包含这些金属中至少两种金属的合金。合金还可以包括钼、铼、锇、铱、钯或铂。电线通过塑料包层相互绝缘。电容膜4置于在玻璃窗1的右下角,以便用户容易触及。
从横截面观察该玻璃窗1时,电容膜的探测区41位于第二面22和成型垫片3之间,所述成型垫由塑性材料制成,设置在第二面22的周部的至少一部分上。
现在参照图2,示意性地示出了图1所示玻璃窗1沿A-A’面的局部剖视图。玻璃元件2具有位于外部面22和内部面21之间的侧面23。电容膜4包括通过电连接部42与连接件45相连的探测区41。探测区41呈盘状。可替代地,探测区41采取矩形、正方形、椭圆形、三角形或任何其他可以被成型垫片3覆盖的形状。探测区41、电连接部42和连接件45在封装操作前设置在玻璃元件2上,以便与已完成玻璃窗1上的成型垫片3接触。因此,电容膜4对位于车辆外部的人不可见,因此改善了玻璃窗1的美观性。成型垫片3具有与玻璃元件2的外部面22和探测区41接触的第一内部面31,以及与玻璃元件2的内部面21和电连接部42接触的第二内部面32。成型垫片3还具有与电连接部42的一部分接触的加强件33。
在横截面观察玻璃窗1时,探测区41在一宽度l4上延伸,所述宽度被包括在此处(即宽度l3被认为是从侧面23和面22之间的棱边开始并且方向指向玻璃窗中心)与所述第二面22相对的成型垫片3的宽度l3的10%到90%之间,并且优选地该宽度l4被包括在成型垫片3的宽度l3的20%到80%之间。因此,在探测区4附近,仍然存在粘附在面22上的成型垫片3材料,并且探测区因此通过成型垫片3很好地保持在原位。
玻璃窗1具有旨在被用户手指触摸或接近的接触区6,以便获得电容变化并引起开关信号触发。该开关信号经探测电路处理,以便随后下达动作指令,例如升高或降低车门窗户,打开或关闭车门,或点亮指示灯。优选地,成型垫片3包括在接触区6上的预期动作的象征性表示物,为蚀刻或凸起状。例如,象征性表示物可以是预期动作分别为车门窗户升起或降下时朝向车辆顶部或朝向底部的箭头。通过本发明,玻璃窗1包括充当控制旋钮的电容膜,而不会减少玻璃窗1的透光量。电容膜4被成型垫片3覆盖,且因此其不影响玻璃元件2的旨在由来自车辆外部的光线透过的部分。从这个角度来看,玻璃窗1与不包括此类电容膜4的玻璃窗基本相同。在一种可替代方案中,玻璃窗1包括若干电容膜4,分布在成型垫片3的不同位置,每个装置具有不同的功能。例如,第一电容膜专用于车门窗户的升起和降下,第二电容膜专用于打开和关闭这个车门,第三电容膜专用于打开加油孔盖。
虽然未示出,但可能的是,玻璃窗包括具有多个探测区的一个电容膜或具有一个探测区的多个电容膜,甚至具有多个探测区的多个电容膜。
具体地,可以是第一探测区位于第二面22(例如外部面)和成型垫片之间,并且可以是第二探测区位于第一面21(例如内部面)和成型垫片之间。
参照图3,示意性地示出了本发明第二实施方式中的机动车辆的后侧玻璃窗100,也被称为后侧窗。玻璃窗100包括玻璃元件102,所述玻璃元件包括单片玻璃片材,例如无机玻璃。在一种可替代方案中,在层压玻璃窗的情况下,玻璃元件102是复合的,即由若干片材构成,这些片材之间插入至少一层粘合材料层。(一个或多个)片材可以是无机物,尤其是玻璃,或有机物,尤其是塑性材料。该玻璃窗100还包括设置在玻璃元件102的周部上的成型垫片103。在一种可替代方案中,成型垫片103仅设置在玻璃元件102的周部的一部分上。构成成型垫片103的材料可以是例如本发明第一实施方式中所述的材料。成型垫片103是通过实施如第一实施方式中所述的制造方法制造的。
在图3上,成型垫片103设置在玻璃窗100的整个周缘上,但是该成型垫片103也可以仅定位在玻璃窗的周缘的一部分上或玻璃窗的任意一部分上。成型垫片103还包括图3中虚线所示的插入件131,置于腔体132中。图3上可见的玻璃窗100的面是外部面122。玻璃窗100的内部面121在图4上可见。该玻璃窗100还包括置于成型垫片103与玻璃元件102之间的电容膜104,如第一实施方式所述。成型垫片103具有可以与电容膜4相互作用的接触区106,或触敏区。接触区106大致呈盘状。可以通过直接触摸成型垫片103或者通过充分接近但不触摸成型垫片来实现与接触区106的相互作用。电容膜104包括连接件145,其旨在连接到例如如上所述的探测电路。连接件145可以采取电线束的形式。电线的厚度小于或等于0.25mm,优选在0.02 mm到0.15 mm之间。所述电线优选是金属的,尤其包括铜、钨、金、银或铝或包含这些金属中至少两种金属的合金。合金还可以包括钼、铼、锇、铱、钯或铂。电线通过塑料包层相互绝缘。电容膜104置于在玻璃窗1的右下角,以便用户容易触及,在此为从外部触及。
参照图4,示意性地示出了图3所示玻璃窗100沿B-B’面的局部剖视图。玻璃元件102具有位于外部面122和内部面121之间的侧面123。电容膜104包括通过电连接部142与连接件145相连的探测区141。探测区141呈盘状。可替代地,探测区141采取矩形、正方形、椭圆形、三角形或任何其他可以被成型垫片103覆盖的形状。
优选地,探测区141和电连接部142在封装操作前设置在玻璃元件102上,以便与已完成的玻璃窗100上的成型垫片103接触。由例如聚丙烯或聚酰胺等塑性材料制成的插入件131置于腔体132中。为了获得这种布置,在注入成型垫片103材料的步骤之前,在注塑模具中设置插入件131。换言之,第二实施方式中提出的成型垫片103比第一实施方式中描述的成型垫片3更厚。成型垫片131具有与玻璃元件102的外部面122和探测区141接触的内部面131a,以及与腔体132的底部132a接触的外部面131b。成型垫片103还具有与电连接部142的一部分接触的加强件133,以及与玻璃元件102的内部面121和连接件105的端部151接触的内部面103a。
下面参照图5,其以逻辑图的形式示出了根据本发明的制造方法的步骤。在步骤501中,例如通过附接或通过黏合将电容膜4固定在玻璃元件2上。然后,在步骤502中,将包括电容膜4的玻璃元件2插入到封装模具中。在步骤503中,将塑性材料注入到封装模具中以形成成型垫片3。
可替代地,在步骤504中,在将该玻璃元件插入到封装模具中之前,将插入件131放置在玻璃元件2上的电容膜104上。以这种方式,减小了插入件131周围的材料注入量。因此,材料充分散布在插入件131的周部。因此,获得了成型垫片,其具有的突出部分比不包括插入件的成型垫片的更大。
该制造方法也可以用于包括设置在成型垫片的不同位置处的多个电容膜的玻璃窗。然后通过固定每个电容膜来修改步骤501。关于步骤504,在将玻璃元件插入到封装模具中之前,通过将每个插入件放置在一个电容膜上(或将插入件放置在多个电容膜上)来修改该步骤。
可替代地,可以先将玻璃元件插入到封装模具中,然后再将一个(或多个)电容膜定位在玻璃元件上,接着可选地再定位一个(或多个)插入件。
Claims (9)
1.一种玻璃窗(1、100),其包括玻璃元件(2、102),所述玻璃元件具有第一面(21、121)、第二面(22、122)和具有至少一个探测区(41、141)的电容膜(4、104),其特征在于,所述玻璃窗包括设置在所述外部面(22、122)的周部的至少一部分上的由塑性材料制成的成型垫片(3、103),并且,从横截面观察时,所述探测区(41、141)位于所述外部面(22、122)和所述成型垫片(3、103)之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的玻璃窗(1、100),其中,从横截面观察时,所述探测区(41、141)在一宽度(l4)上延伸,所述宽度被包括在与所述第二面(22、122)相对的所述成型垫片(3、103)的宽度(l3)的10%到90%之间,优选20%到80%之间。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的玻璃窗(1、100),其中,所述第二面(22、122)是所述玻璃窗的外部面或内部面。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的玻璃窗(1、100),其中,所述玻璃元件(2、102)具有设置在所述第一面(21、121)和所述第二面(22、122)之间的侧面(23、123),并且所述电容膜(4、104)包括与所述侧面(23、123)接触的电连接部(42、142)。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的玻璃窗(1、100),其中,所述电容膜(4、104)包括位于所述成型垫片(3、103)外部的连接件(45、145)。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的玻璃窗(100),其中,所述成型垫片(103)包括插入件(131),所述插入件(131)优选地包括塑性材料,并且优选地由塑性材料制成。
7.根据权利要求6所述的玻璃窗(100),其特征在于,所述电容膜(104)与之接触地位于所述第二面(22、122)与所述插入件(131)之间。
8.一种车辆,尤其是机动车辆,其包括根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的玻璃窗(1、100)。
9.一种用于制造根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的玻璃窗(1、100)的方法,所述玻璃窗(1、100)包括玻璃元件(2、102),所述玻璃元件具有第一面(21、121)、第二面(22、122)和具有至少一个探测区(41、141)的电容膜(4、104),其特征在于,所述玻璃元件(2、102)、所述电容膜(4、104)以及可选地插入件(131)均定位到注塑模具中,以便在所述第二面(22、122)的周部的至少一部分上形成由塑性材料制成的成型垫片(3、103)。
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PCT/FR2022/050950 WO2022254119A1 (fr) | 2021-05-31 | 2022-05-18 | Vitrage comportant un joint profile presentant une zone de commande tactile et procede de fabrication d'un tel vitrage |
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DE19727220C2 (de) | 1997-06-26 | 1999-08-26 | Captron Elect Gmbh | Schaltungsanordnung für einen kapazitiven Schalter |
US6452514B1 (en) | 1999-01-26 | 2002-09-17 | Harald Philipp | Capacitive sensor and array |
FR2859525B1 (fr) | 2003-09-09 | 2006-06-02 | Delphi Tech Inc | Commutateur capacitif glissant |
DE202006006192U1 (de) | 2006-04-18 | 2006-07-27 | Captron Electronic Gmbh | Türbetätigungstaster |
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