CN115698083A - 靶向cd3和cd47的长效双特异性t细胞衔接器 - Google Patents
靶向cd3和cd47的长效双特异性t细胞衔接器 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及双特异性分子,具体而言,涉及靶向CD3和CD47的具有改进的功效、毒性特征和治疗窗口的长效双特异性T细胞衔接器,以及制备和使用此类长效双特异性结合分子的方法。
Description
本国际专利申请要求于2020年11月17日提交的国际专利申请号:PCT/CN2020/129349的权益,其全部内容通过引用并入以用于所有目的。
技术领域
本发明涉及双特异性分子,具体而言,涉及靶向CD3和CD47的具有改进的功效、毒性特征和治疗窗口的长效双特异性T细胞衔接器,并且还涉及制备和使用此类长效双特异性结合分子的方法。
背景技术
来自癌症免疫肿瘤学的新兴研究数据表明,增强抗肿瘤免疫应答为增强癌症的持久缓解提供了绝佳机会(Decker,W.K.等人,2017,Front Immunol,8,p829;Queudeville,M.等人,2017,Onco Targets Ther.10,p3567-3578)。双特异性T细胞衔接器(BiTE)博纳吐单抗(Blinatumomab,)是新型免疫肿瘤药物之一,可为复发性或难治性(R/R)B谱系白血病或淋巴瘤提供高效治疗(Aldoss,I.等人,2017,Leukemia,31(4),p777-787)。博纳吐单抗是由对CD19和CD3具有双重亲和力的小肽链连接的两个单链抗体的融合蛋白。与表达CD3的T细胞和表达CD19的恶性B细胞的同时结合激活广谱细胞毒性T细胞并将其与博纳吐单抗结合的恶性B细胞衔接,导致靶CD19+B癌细胞裂解(Yuraszeck,T.等人,2017,ClinPharmacol Ther,101(5),p634-645)。
然而,与其他重组蛋白类似,博纳吐单抗很快从血液循环中清除(患者中t1/2=1.25小时),由于半衰期短,这限制了其在其他类型的癌症如实体瘤中的应用。为保持血液中药物的最低水平,需要使用便携式微型泵通过连续静脉输注4周(每天24小时,每周7天)施用博纳吐单抗。这种类型的药物施用对患者遵循而言具有很大的负担,特别是对于幼儿而言(Portell,C.A.等人,2013,Clin Pharmacol,5(Suppl 1),p5-11)。因此,感染一直是向患者施用博纳吐单抗的主要不良事件之一(Wilke,A.C.等人,2017,Expert Opin DrugSaf.,16(10),p1191-1202),并且感染甚至危及生命的感染的高几率使这些患者处于极大的危险之中。
此外,虽然博纳吐单抗在杀伤肿瘤细胞方面效率很高,但相同的强力机制也限制了其在其他类型疾病如B细胞相关的自身免疫性疾病中的应用,因为伴随治疗的严重细胞因子风暴可能会危及患者生命。
免疫肿瘤学的另一个重要领域是免疫检查点。在过去的十年中,免疫检查点阻断一直是免疫治疗的重点类别。在监管部门批准的“适应性免疫检查点阻断剂”如抗PD1、抗PDL1疗法等及其市场成功的鼓舞下,对靶向CD47或其受体信号调节蛋白α(SIRPα)的“先天免疫检查点阻断剂”的追逐变得激烈。通过靶向CD47/SIRP,可以重新激活由肿瘤特异性抗体调理以吞噬肿瘤细胞的吞噬细胞1,2。许多早期临床试验已经显示了有希望的治疗效果(Sikic,B.I.等人,2019,J Clin Oncol,37(12),p946-953;Sallman,D.A.等人,2019,Journal of Clinical Oncology,37(15_suppl),p7009-7009;Ansell,S.等人,2016,Blood,128(22),p1812-1812)。然而,某些类型的正常细胞,如红细胞、T细胞、NK细胞和血小板也表达与肿瘤细胞中表达的CD47水平相当的高水平的CD47(Oldenborg,P.A.等人,2000,Science,288(5473)p2051-4;Strizova,Z.等人,Scientific reports,2020.10(1),p13936-13936;Velliquette,R.W.等人,2019,Transfusion,59(2),p730-737)。因此,由于其Fc成分诱导的ADCP,使用抗CD47抗体的治疗经常导致抗CD47诱导的贫血、淋巴细胞减少和血小板减少。尽管这些不良事件可以通过适当的剂量管理得到缓解,但淋巴细胞减少引起的T细胞死亡可能会对CD47阻断剂的功效产生负面影响。这是对CD47阻断免疫疗法有反应的患者的比例不如新机制可能提供的比例高的原因之一。
因此,需要开发靶向CD47的更有效和更安全的先天免疫检查点阻断疗法。
发明概述
本发明开发了新型抗CD3X抗CD47 BiTE分子,通过其双重作用机制提高靶向先天免疫检查点分子CD47的治疗的效力:阻断先天免疫检查点信号传导通路和将细胞毒性T细胞重定向至肿瘤细胞从而杀伤癌细胞。此外,与传统的抗CD47抗体不同,本公开的抗CD3X抗CD47 BiTE分子基本上不引起贫血、淋巴细胞减少等,并且该分子在保持强效的同时赋予期望的安全性。
在一个方面,本发明提供了具有式Ia的双特异性分子或化合物:
其中:
P是非免疫原性聚合物;T是三官能接头部分,例如三官能小分子接头部分,并且具有一个、两个或更多个能够与一种、两种或更多种相同或不同的蛋白质或肽进行位点特异性缀合的官能团;A1和A2之一是抗CD3抗体或其抗原结合片段,另一个是抗CD47抗体或其抗原结合片段,其中所述抗CD3抗体和/或抗CD47抗体缺乏功能性Fc区,例如经修饰以消除或减少其效应子功能的一种或多种的Fc区,效应子功能包括抗体依赖性细胞介导的细胞毒性(ADCC)、抗体依赖性细胞吞噬作用(ADCP)或补体依赖性细胞毒性(CDC)。
特别地,本发明的一个方面提供了具有式Ib的化合物:
其中:
P是非免疫原性聚合物。
B是H或选自C1-10烷基和芳基的封端基团,其中所述烷基或芳基的一个或多个碳任选地被杂原子替代;
A1和A2之一是抗CD3抗体或其抗原结合片段,另一个是抗CD47抗体或其抗原结合片段,其中抗CD3抗体和抗CD47抗体缺乏功能性Fc区,例如经修饰以消除或减少其效应子功能的一种或多种的Fc区,包括ADCC、ADCP或CDC;
L1和L2各自独立地是双官能接头或肽;
a和b各自独立地是选自1-10的整数;
y是选自1-10的整数;
和
T是三官能接头部分,包含针对(L1)a-A1和(L2)b-A2的两个连接基和针对P的一个连接基。
在具有式(Ia)或式I(b)的上述化合物的一些实施方案中,T是具有一个、两个或更多个官能团的三官能接头(例如氨基酸),其在由双官能间隔物衍生和/或延伸后能够连续与A1和A2或其衍生物位点特异性缀合,其中T和(L1)a之间的连接基以及T和(L2)b之间的连接基可以相同或不同。
在上述具有式(Ia)或式I(b)的化合物的一些实施方案中,抗CD3抗体和/或抗CD47抗体缺乏经典免疫球蛋白分子的Fc区。在一些实施方案中,抗CD3抗体和抗CD47抗体均缺乏Fc区。
在一些实施方案中,抗CD3抗体和抗CD47抗体各自独立地选自Fab、单链抗体(例如,scFv)和纳米抗体(单结构域抗体)。在一些实施方案中,抗CD3抗体和抗CD47抗体均为单链抗体。
抗CD47抗体可以靶向全长CD47的任何部分、肽片段或表位(Barclay,A.N.等人,2014,Annu Rev Immunol,32,p25-50)。抗CD3抗体可以靶向来自T细胞受体复合物中任何一个亚基的任何部分、肽片段或表位,即CD3gamma、CD3 delta、CD3 epsilon、CD3 zeta和CD3eta(Kuhns,M.S.等人,2006,Immunity,24(2),p133-9)。
在一些实施方案中,针对(L1)a-A1和(L2)b-A2的T的两个连接基、(L1)a和A1之间的连接基、(L2)b和A2之间的连接基和(L1)a或(L2)b内的连接基可以各自独立地衍生自选自以下的官能团:卤代烷、酰卤、醛、酮、酯、酸酐、羧酸、酰胺、胺、酰肼、烷基肼、羟基、环氧化物、硫醇、马来酰亚胺、2-吡啶基二硫基变体(varian)、芳族或乙烯基砜、丙烯酸酯、溴代或碘代乙酰胺、叠氮化物、烯烃、炔烃、二苯并环辛炔(DBCO)、2-氨基-苯甲醛或2-氨基-乙酰苯基团、酰肼、肟、酰基三氟硼酸钾、O-氨基甲酰基羟胺、反式环辛烯、四嗪和三芳基膦。
在一些实施方案中,L1和L2各自可以包含独立地选自以下的间隔物:-(CH2)mXY(CH2)n-、-X(CH2)mO(CH2CH2O)p(CH2)nY-、-(CH2)mX-Y(CH2)n-、-(CH2)杂环基-、-(CH2)mX-、-X(CH2)mY-和氨基酸或具有2至50个氨基酸残基的肽;其中,m、n和p在每种情况下独立地为0至25范围内的整数;X和Y在每种情况下独立地选自C(=O)、CR1R2、NR3、S、O或无,其中R1和R2独立地代表氢、C1-10烷基或(CH2)1-10C(=O),R3是H或C1-10烷基,并且其中杂环基衍生自马来酰亚胺基、应变烯烃和炔烃、叠氮化物或四唑基部分。
在一些实施方案中,非免疫原性聚合物P可以包含聚乙二醇(PEG)、右旋糖酐、碳水化合物基聚合物、聚环氧烷、聚乙烯醇、羟丙基-甲基丙烯酰胺(HPMA)或其共聚物。优选地,非免疫原性聚合物P可以包含PEG,如支链PEG或直链PEG。
在一些实施方案中,直链PEG或支链PEG的至少一个末端由H、甲基或低分子量烷基封端。PEG的总分子量可以是3,000Da至100,000Da,例如5,000Da至80,000Da、10,000Da至60,000Da和20,000Da至40,000Da。PEG可以通过永久连接基或可裂解连接基与三官能接头T部分连接。
在一些实施方案中,非免疫原性聚合物P可以包含PEG并且B是甲基或C1-10烷基。
在一些实施方案中,T至P的连接基可以是可裂解的。
在一些实施方案中,T至P的连接基可以选自酰胺、酯、氨基甲酸酯、碳酸酯、酰亚胺、亚胺、腙、砜、醚、硫醚、硫酯和二硫化物。
在一些实施方案中,T可以衍生自选自以下的天然或非天然氨基酸:半胱氨酸、赖氨酸、天冬酰胺、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、组氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸或遗传编码的烯烃赖氨酸(如N6-(己-5-烯酰基)-L-赖氨酸)、2-氨基-8-氧代壬酸、间或对乙酰基苯丙氨酸、带有β-二酮侧链的氨基酸(如2-氨基-3-(4-(3-氧代丁酰基)苯基)丙酸)、(S)-2-氨基-6-(((1R,2R)-2-叠氮基环戊氧基)羰基氨基)己酸、叠氮基高丙氨酸、吡咯赖氨酸类似物N6-((丙-2-炔-1-基氧基)羰基)-L-赖氨酸、(S)-2-氨基-6-戊-4-炔酰氨基己酸、(S)-2-氨基-6-((丙-2-炔基氧基)羰基氨基)己酸、(S)-2-氨基-6-((2-叠氮基乙氧基)羰基氨基)己酸、对叠氮基苯丙氨酸(p-azidophenylalanine)、对叠氮基苯丙氨酸(para-azidophenylalanine)、Nε-丙烯酰基-l-赖氨酸、Nε-5-降冰片烯-2-基氧基羰基-l-赖氨酸、N-ε-(环辛-2-炔-1-基氧基)羰基)-L-赖氨酸、N-ε-(2-(环辛-2-炔-1-基氧基)乙基)羰基-L-赖氨酸、以及遗传编码的四嗪氨基酸(例如4-(6-甲基-s-四嗪-3-基)氨基苯丙氨酸)。
在一些实施方案中,T可以衍生自赖氨酸或半胱氨酸。
在一些实施方案中,非免疫原性聚合物P可以衍生自具有末端马来酰亚胺或2-吡啶基二硫基变体或芳族砜或乙烯基砜的PEG。T可以衍生自半胱氨酸,并且P和T之间的连接基可以是硫醚或二硫化物。
在一些实施方案中,非免疫原性聚合物P可以衍生自具有末端马来酰亚胺的PEG,并且(L1)a-T-(L2)b可以是具有3-100个氨基酸残基的肽,例如3-50个氨基酸残基的肽。
在一些实施方案中,抗CD3抗体可以是抗CD3单链抗体(例如scFv)和/或抗CD47抗体可以是抗CD47单链抗体(例如scFv)。在优选的实施方案中,抗CD3抗体和抗CD47抗体均为单链抗体(例如scFv)。
在一些实施方案中,(L1)a或(L2)b可以包含由叠氮化物和炔烃形成或由马来酰亚胺和硫醇形成的连接基。在一些实施方案中,炔烃可以是二苯并环辛炔(DBCO)。在一些实施方案中,T是赖氨酸,P是PEG,并且y是1,并且炔烃是二苯并环辛炔(DBCO)。在一些实施方案中,A1和A2之一可以衍生自叠氮化物标记的抗体、抗体链、抗体片段、单链抗体或单结构域抗体,其中叠氮化物与(L1)a或(L2)b中各自的炔烃缀合;A1和A2中的另一个可以衍生自硫醇标记的抗体、抗体链、抗体片段、单链抗体或单结构域抗体,其中硫醇与(L1)a或(L2)b中各自的马来酰亚胺缀合。
在一个方面,本发明提供了具有以下结构的化合物:
其中SCACD3是单链抗CD3抗体,SCACD47是单链抗CD47抗体,Z1和Z2各自独立地选自CH2、低分子量烷烃和环己烷或其衍生物,并且n、m、x和y各自独立地是选自1-50的整数,例如选自1-10的整数。
在另一个方面,本发明提供具有以下结构的化合物:
其中SCACD3是单链抗CD3抗体,SCACD47是单链抗CD47抗体,Z选自CH2、低分子量烷烃和环己烷或其衍生物,n和m各自独立地是选自0-50的整数,例如选自0-10的整数。肽1和肽2可以相同或不同,并且其中肽1和肽2各自可以独立地包含2-50个氨基酸残基。
在上述方面的一些实施方案中,抗CD3抗体可以包含SEQ ID NO:1所示的氨基酸序列。
在上述方面的一些实施方案中,抗CD47抗体可以包含SEQ ID NO:2所示的氨基酸序列。
在上述方面的一些实施方案中,抗CD3抗体可以包含SEQ ID NO:1所示的氨基酸序列,并且抗CD47抗体可以包含SEQ ID NO:2所示的氨基酸序列。
在一个方面,本发明提供了制备上述任一方面的化合物的方法。
在一些实施方案中,该方法可以包括制备具有结构的化合物,该化合物具有能够与两种不同蛋白质或其修饰形式位点特异性缀合的两个末端官能团;以及将A1和A2逐步位点特异性缀合至末端官能团以形成式(Ib)的化合物,其中任选地在缀合之前对A1和A2之一或两者进行修饰。
在其他实施方案中,该方法可以包括制备具有末端官能团的结构为的化合物,以及使或其衍生物与末端官能团反应以形成式(Ib)化合物。在一些实施方案中,(L1)a-T-(L2)b可以是具有3-100个氨基酸残基的肽,例如3-50个氨基酸残基的肽。
在一些实施方案中,上述双特异性分子或化合物可以根据包括以下的方法制备:(i)制备具有能够分别与两种不同的蛋白质抗CD3和抗CD47(或其修饰形式)进行位点特异性缀合的末端双官能团的非免疫原性聚合物;(ii)将非免疫原性聚合物与抗-CD3和抗-CD47或它们的修饰形式逐步进行位点特异性缀合以形成式Ia或Ib的化合物。在一些实施方案中,在制备步骤之前,可以首先用小分子接头修饰蛋白质。替代性地,上述双特异性分子或化合物可以根据包括以下的方法制备:制备具有硫醇标签的融合抗CD3和抗CD47蛋白,然后用硫醇特异性PEG试剂如PEG马来酰亚胺、PEG 2-吡啶基二硫基变体、或PEG芳族或乙烯基砜进行PEG化。
在一个方面,本发明提供了缀合物(例如抗体-药物缀合物),其包含本发明的双特异性分子或化合物和一个或多个与该分子或化合物缀合的效应物部分。
在一些实施方案中,一种或多种效应物部分可以选自细胞毒性剂、化疗剂、生长抑制剂、毒素和放射性同位素。
本发明还提供了药物制剂,其包含本发明的双特异性分子或化合物以及任选地药学上可接受的载剂。
在一些实施方案中,药物组合物可以进一步包含额外的治疗剂。在一些实施方案中,额外的治疗剂可以选自细胞毒性剂、化疗剂、抗体、抗体药物缀合物和小分子药物。
本发明进一步提供了治疗有需要的受试者的疾病的方法,其包括施用有效量的本发明的双特异性分子或化合物、缀合物和/或药物组合物。
在一个方面,本发明提供了本发明的双特异性分子或化合物、缀合物或药物组合物在制备用于治疗有需要的受试者的疾病的药物中的用途。
在另一个方面,本发明提供了本发明的双特异性分子或化合物、缀合物或药物组合物,其用于治疗有需要的受试者的疾病。
在上述方法、用途和所使用的双特异性分子或化合物、缀合物或药物组合物的一些实施方案中,疾病可以是癌症,例如选自以下的癌症:乳腺癌、卵巢癌、前列腺癌、肺癌、胰腺癌、肾癌、膀胱癌、胃癌、结肠癌、结肠直肠癌、唾液腺癌、甲状腺癌和子宫内膜癌。
本发明的一个或多个实施方案的细节在以下描述中阐述。本发明的其他特征、目的和优点将从说明书和权利要求中显而易见。
附图说明
图1:图示说明如实施例1所述制备30kmPEG-Lys(马来酰亚胺)-DBCO的反应方案的示意图;
图2:图示说明如实施例3所述制备PEG化单链抗体30kmPEG-(SCACD3)SCACD47和如实施例5所述制备30kmPEG-SCACD47-肽-SCACD3的反应方案的示意图;
图3:如实施例6所述的体外T细胞介导的细胞毒性的结果;
图4:如实施例7所述的体外血凝实验的结果;
图5:如实施例8所述使用流式细胞术检测JY102诱导的细胞凋亡T细胞的结果;
图6:如实施例9所述使用流式细胞术的JY102与表达CD47的靶细胞结合的结果;
图7:如实施例10所述的ELISA测定中JY102和JY102-BiTE与人CD3蛋白结合的结果;
图8:如实施例10所述的ELISA测定中JY102和JY102-BiTE与人CD47蛋白结合的结果;
图9:如实施例11所述的JY102的体内药代动力学研究的结果。
图10:如实施例12所述的JY102对PBMC人源化小鼠的初步毒性评价的结果;
图11:如实施例13所述的JY102抑制肿瘤生长的体内功效的结果。
发明详述
癌症可以看作是肿瘤细胞从免疫监视逃逸的结果。在过去的20年中,操纵人体免疫系统以再次使用细胞毒性T细胞来杀伤癌症的做法得到了极大的赞赏,例如BiTE原型化合物博纳吐单抗的开发,博纳吐单抗在治疗血液肿瘤患者方面表现出高效率,并由FDA批准作为第一个BiTE双特异性抗体。
BiTE双特异性抗体可以直接通过T细胞激活通路上TCR(T细胞受体)下游的CD3复合物激活T细胞。BiTE的功能独立于T细胞受体特异性、MHC限制和共刺激信号。典型的BiTE尺寸相对较小(MW为约55kD),这使得它们的两个臂可以有效地将T细胞与靶向细胞桥接以形成免疫突触。免疫突触的形成有利于T细胞激活和细胞毒性作用,从而通过颗粒酶和穿孔素介导的过程杀伤肿瘤细胞,这是常规抗原激活的所有细胞毒性T细胞的共同机制。然而,与传统的T细胞激活机制不同,BiTE激活T细胞不需要共刺激信号。此外,BiTE的抗CD3部分直接激活TCR/CD3复合物下游的T细胞,避免了TCR所需的抗原特异性。因此,理论上所有的T细胞都可以被BiTE激活。
博纳吐单抗是BiTE原型的产品。其为双特异性融合抗体,由两种针对CD19和CD3的单链单克隆抗体组成。与其他小型重组蛋白类似,博纳吐单抗在血液循环过程中很快被清除(患者中t1/2=1.25小时)。为保持血液中药物的最低水平,需要使用便携式微型泵通过连续静脉输注4周(每天24小时,每周7天)施用博纳吐单抗(Portell,C.A.等人,2013,ClinPharmacol,5(Suppl 1),p5-11)。这种类型的药物施用对患者遵循而言具有很大的负担,特别是对于幼儿而言。此外,感染甚至危及生命的感染的高几率使这些患者处于极大的风险之中。
而且,由于其半衰期短,融合单链双特异性抗体通常具有较差的保留时间,这限制了它们在其他类型的癌症如实体瘤中的应用。
在过去十年左右的时间里,免疫检查点阻断一直是癌症治疗免疫疗法的重点类别。几种“适应性免疫检查点阻断剂”如抗PD1、抗PDL1等已获得批准并成功上市。
CD47是肿瘤细胞上先天免疫检查点的组成部分,通过与专业吞噬细胞(例如巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞)上的受体信号调节蛋白α(SIRPα)相互作用,作为“不要吃我”信号发挥作用。CD47在几乎所有癌症类型的肿瘤细胞上都过表达(Willingham,S.B.等人,2012.ProcNatl Acad Sci U S A.109(17),p6662-7;Chao,M.P.等人,2012,Current opinion inimmunology,24(2),p225-232)。CD47的过表达与临床检测中的不良预后或复发有关(Chan,K.S.等人,2009,Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,106(33),p14016-21;Yuan,J.等人,2019,Oncol Lett,18(3),p3249-3255;Majeti,R.等人,2009,Cell,138(2),p286-99)。在肿瘤中,CD47被肿瘤细胞用作抗吞噬配体,通过吞噬细胞上的受体SIRPα传递抑制信号来钝化抗体(新抗原特异性)效应子功能。因此,升高的CD47水平与癌症的免疫逃逸有关。
虽然CD47在正常细胞上以低水平广泛表达,但CD47在某些类型的正常细胞(如T细胞、NK、红细胞和血小板等)中的高表达水平(Strizova,Z.等人,2020,Scientificreports,10(1),p13936-13936;Olsson,M.等人,2005,Blood,105(9),p3577-82)为开发CD47/SIRPα阻断免疫治疗药物带来了巨大挑战。据报道,在三项I期临床试验中,抗CD47抗体治疗导致最高达57%的患者出现贫血。血小板减少症和淋巴细胞减少症也是经常观察到的不良事件。由于这些正常细胞中CD47的高表达,这些事件都与吞噬性细胞毒性直接相关。据报道,在一项动物模型研究中,对CD47阻断的持久抗肿瘤应答需要适应性免疫刺激(Sockolosky,J.T.等人,2016,Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ofthe United States of America,113(19),pE2646-E2654),因此淋巴细胞减少引起的T细胞减少会对临床疗效产生负面影响,因为T细胞的潜在吞噬细胞与治疗目标相矛盾,并会削弱将抗CD47与抗PD-1或抗PD-L1联合的设计的合理基础。事实上,在针对接受抗PD-1或抗PD-L1治疗的NSCLC患者的回顾性分析中发现,免疫治疗开始时淋巴细胞减少的存在与较差的疾病控制和较短的生存期有关(Galli,G.等人,2018,Annals of Oncology,29(suppl),pviii512)。
在本发明中,开发了新型抗CD3X抗CD47 BiTE分子,该分子通过其双重作用机制提高靶向先天免疫检查点分子的治疗的效力:阻断先天免疫检查点信号传导和将细胞毒性T细胞重定向至肿瘤细胞以杀伤癌细胞。此外,与传统的抗CD47单克隆抗体不同,抗CD3X抗CD47 BiTE分子基本不会引起贫血、淋巴细胞减少等,并且该分子在保持强效的同时赋予期望的安全性。
因此,本发明解决了上述问题并改进了当前的抗CD47抗体疗法。
缀合物
在一个方面,本发明提供了具有式Ia的双特异性分子、缀合物或化合物,
其中:
P是非免疫原性聚合物;T是三官能接头部分,例如三官能小分子接头部分,并且具有一个、两个或更多个能够与一种、两种或更多种相同或不同的蛋白质或肽进行位点特异性缀合的官能团;A1和A2之一是抗CD3抗体或其抗原结合片段,另一个是抗CD47抗体或其抗原结合片段,其中抗CD3抗体和/或抗CD47抗体缺乏功能性Fc区,例如经修饰以消除或减少其一种或多种效应子功能的Fc区,所述效应子功能包括ADCC、ADCP或CDC。
特别地,本发明的一个方面提供了具有式Ib的化合物:
其中:
P是非免疫原性聚合物;
B是H或选自C1-10烷基和芳基的封端基团,其中所述烷基或芳基的一个或多个碳任选地被杂原子替代;
A1和A2之一是抗CD3抗体或其抗原结合片段,另一个是抗CD47抗体或其抗原结合片段,其中抗CD3抗体和抗CD47抗体缺乏功能性Fc区,例如经修饰以消除或减少其效应子功能的一种或多种的Fc区,所述效应子功能包括ADCC、ADCP或CDC;
L1和L2各自独立地是双官能接头或肽;
a和b各自独立地是选自1-10的整数;
y是选自1-10的整数;
和
T是三官能接头部分,包含针对(L1)a-A1和(L2)b-A2的两个连接基和针对P的一个连接基。
缀合物的P部分可以由各种非免疫原性聚合物制备。优选地,聚合物是水溶性的。聚合物的实例包括聚乙二醇(PEG)、右旋糖酐、碳水化合物基的聚合物、聚环氧烷、聚乙烯醇和其他非免疫原性聚合物。其他示例性聚合物包括聚(亚烷基二醇)、聚(烯烃醇)、聚(乙烯基吡咯烷酮)、聚(羟烷基甲基丙烯酰胺)、聚(羟烷基甲基丙烯酸酯)、聚(糖)、聚(α-羟基酸)、聚(丙烯酸)、聚(乙烯醇)、聚磷腈、聚噁唑啉、聚(N-丙烯酰基吗啉)或其共聚物或三元共聚物。聚合物可以是直链或支链的。
在一些实施方案中,聚合物的总分子量可以在3,000Da至100,000Da的范围内,例如5,000Da至80,000Da、10,000Da至60,000Da和20,000Da至40,000Da,其中包括所有子范围。
聚合物可以包含能够被官能化、活化或缀合至反应配偶体的末端基团。末端基团的非限制性实例包括羟基、氨基、羧基、硫醇、马来酰亚胺、叠氮化物、炔烃、DBCO和卤化物。
在一些实施方案中,聚合物包含聚乙二醇(PEG)。
在一些实施方案中,[B-P]y中的B是H或低分子量C1-10烷基,如甲基、乙基和丁基,其中一个或多个碳可以被杂原子(例如O、S和N)替代。
在一些实施方案中,y是1并且式Ib代表具有悬挂聚合物链的缀合物。在一些实施方案中,y是2、3、4、5或6并且式Ib代表包含支链聚合物部分的缀合物。在一些实施方案中,P和T之间的化学连接基是可裂解的。
在一些实施方案中,P代表PEG部分。在一些实施方案中,提供了制备能够与两种不同蛋白质(如抗体片段或单链抗体)位点特异性缀合的末端分支异双官能PEG的方法。在一些实施方案中,还提供了制备PEG化双特异性单链抗体的方法,该单链抗体在用所述化合物治疗时能够延长血液循环半衰期并改善其毒性特征。
在一些示例性实施方案中,PEG的末端官能团如羟基或羧基等被活化并与三官能小分子部分如Boc保护的赖氨酸缀合以形成末端分支的异双官能PEG-Lys(Boc)-OH。Boc的去保护产生PEG-赖氨酸,然后通过与具有马来酰亚胺基团的双官能小分子间隔物反应将其转化为PEG-Lys(马来酰亚胺)-OH。PEG-Lys(马来酰亚胺)-OH的羧基随后通过与另一个具有炔基的双官能小分子间隔物如NH2-DBCO偶联而转化为炔基,从而形成末端分支的PEG-Lys(马来酰亚胺)-DBCO。这种末端分支的PEG-Lys(马来酰亚胺)-DBCO连续与硫醇标记的单链抗CD3和叠氮化物标记的单链抗CD47位点特异性缀合,形成PEG化的单链双特异性抗体(PEG-(抗CD3)抗CD47)。
替代性地,可以制备具有硫醇标签的抗CD3-肽-抗CD47融合蛋白,并用PEG-马来酰亚胺或其他PEG衍生物进行PEG化,所述PEG-马来酰亚胺或其他PEG衍生物与硫标签特异性反应以获得期望结构。
P部分
在本发明的一些实施方案中,B-P部分可以衍生自下式的PEG:
B-O-(CH2CH2O)nCH2(CH2)mF
其中:
n是约10至2300的整数,以优选地提供具有3000至40000或更大(如果期望)的总分子量的聚合物。B是H或低分子量烷基,B的非限制性实例包括甲基、乙基、异丙基、丙基和丁基。m是选自0至10的整数。F是末端官能团如羟基、羧基、硫醇、卤化物、氨基等,其能够被官能化、活化和/或缀合成三官能小分子化合物。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,B-P部分可以包含支链PEG。分支的P部分可以衍生自下式的化合物:
(B-PEG)mL-Si-Fi
其中:
PEG是聚乙二醇。m是大于1的整数,以优选地提供具有3000至40000或更大(如果期望)的总分子量的聚合物。B是H或甲基或其他低分子量烷基。L是附接两个或更多个PEG的功能连接基部分。此类连接基部分的实例是:任何氨基酸如甘氨酸、丙氨酸、赖氨酸,或1,3-二氨基-2-丙醇、三乙醇胺、任何5或6元芳香环或附接有两个以上官能团的脂族环等。S是任何不可裂解的间隔物。F为羟基、羧基、硫醇、氨基等末端官能团。i为0或1。
如果i等于0,则式为:
(B-PEG)mL
其中PEG、m、B或L具有与上述相同的定义。
本发明的化合物可以包含,或者本发明的方法可以用替代性聚合物进行,替代性聚合物如右旋糖酐、碳水化合物基聚合物、聚环氧烷、聚乙烯醇或其他类似的非免疫原性聚合物,其末端基团能够被官能化或活化以转化为异双官能团。上述列表仅是说明性的,并非旨在限制适用于本文的非免疫原性聚合物的类型。
三官能接头T
T代表三官能接头,与P、(L1)a和(L2)b连接。T可以衍生自具有三个官能团的任意组合的分子,其非限制性实例包括羟基、氨基、肼基、羧基、硫醇和卤化物。三官能接头中的官能团可以相同或不同。三官能接头的一个或多个官能团也可以在T和反应配偶体之间的反应之前或之后转化为一个或多个其他基团。例如,羟基可以转化为甲磺酸酯或甲苯磺酸酯基团。卤化物可以被叠氮基替代。T的酸性官能团可以通过与带有末端炔烃的氨基偶联转化为炔烃官能团。
在一些实施方案中,T可以衍生自选自以下的天然或非天然氨基酸:半胱氨酸、赖氨酸、天冬酰胺、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、组氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸或遗传编码的烯烃赖氨酸(如N6-(己-5-烯酰基)-L-赖氨酸)、2-氨基-8-氧代壬酸、间或对乙酰基苯丙氨酸、带有β-二酮侧链的氨基酸(如2-氨基-3-(4-(3-氧代丁酰基)苯基)丙酸)、(S)-2-氨基-6-(((1R,2R)-2-叠氮基环戊氧基)羰基氨基)己酸、叠氮基高丙氨酸、吡咯赖氨酸类似物N6-((丙-2-炔-1-基氧基)羰基)-L-赖氨酸、(S)-2-氨基-6-戊-4-炔酰氨基己酸、(S)-2-氨基-6-((丙-2-炔基氧基)羰基氨基)己酸、(S)-2-氨基-6-((2-叠氮基乙氧基)羰基氨基)己酸、对叠氮基苯丙氨酸、对叠氮基苯丙氨酸、Nε-丙烯酰基-l-赖氨酸、Nε-5-降冰片烯-2-基氧基羰基-l-赖氨酸、N-ε-(环辛-2-炔-1-基氧基)羰基)-L-赖氨酸、N-ε-(2-(环辛-2-炔-1-基氧基)乙基)羰基-L-赖氨酸、以及遗传编码的四嗪氨基酸(例如4-(6-甲基-s-四嗪-3-基)氨基苯丙氨酸)。
在示例性实施方案中,T衍生自半胱氨酸、赖氨酸、1,3-二氨基-2-丙醇或三乙醇胺。这些分子上的一种或多种官能团可以被保护以用于选择性反应。在一些实施方案中,T衍生自BOC-保护的赖氨酸。在其他实施方案中,T衍生自半胱氨酸。
双官能接头L1和L2
接头L1和L2都包含接头链、内部连接基和/或末端连接基。接头链可以独立地选自氨基酸或具有2至50个氨基酸残基的肽或-(CH2)aC(O)NR1(CH2)b-、-(CH2)aO(CH2CH2O)c-、-(CH2)a杂环基-、-(CH2)aC(O)-和-(CH2)aNR1-、-CR1=N-NR1-、-CR1=N-O-、-CR1=N-NR2-CO-、-N=N-CO-、-S-S-,其中a、b和c各自为选自0至25的整数,包括所有亚基;R1和R2独立地代表氢或C1-C10烷基。
接头L1和L2的杂环基连接基团(无论其是在内部位置还是在末端位置)可以衍生自基于马来酰亚胺基的部分。合适的前体的非限制性实例包括N-琥珀酰亚胺基4-(马来酰亚胺甲基)环己烷羧酸酯(SMCC)、N-琥珀酰亚胺基-4-(N-马来酰亚胺甲基)-环己烷-1-羧基-(6-酰胺基己酸酯)(LC-SMCC)、κ-马来酰亚胺基十一烷酸N-琥珀酰亚胺基酯(KMUA)、γ-马来酰亚胺基丁酸N-琥珀酰亚胺基酯(GMBS)、ε-马来酰亚胺基己酸N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺基酯(EMCS)、间马来酰亚胺基苯甲酰基-N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯(MBS)、N-(α-马来酰亚胺基乙酰氧基)-琥珀酰亚胺酯(AMAS)、琥珀酰亚胺基-6-(β-马来酰亚胺基丙酰胺基)己酸酯(SMPH)、N-琥珀酰亚胺基4-(对马来酰亚胺基苯基)-丁酸酯(SMPB)和N-(对马来酰亚胺基苯基)异氰酸酯(PMPI)。
替代性地,接头L1和L2的杂环基连接基团可以是四唑基、反式-环辛烯、叠氮化物或应变炔烃。例如,杂环基三唑基连接基可以由两种不同接头部分的缀合形成:叠氮化物和应变炔烃。因此,杂环基团也用作连接点。
在一些实施方案中,(L1)a和/或(L2)b包含:
X1-(CH2)aC(O)NR1(CH2)bO(CH2CH2O)c(CH2)dC(O)-或
X3-(CH2)aC(O)NR1(CH2)bO(CH2CH2O)c(CH2)dX2(CH2)eN R2,
其中X1、X2和X3可以相同或不同并且独立地代表杂环基团;
a、b、c、d和e各自为选自1-25的整数;和
R1和R2独立地代表氢或C1-C10烷基。
在一些实施方案中,X1和/或X3衍生自基于马来酰亚胺的部分。在一些实施方案中,X2代表三唑基。在一些实施方案中,R1和R2各自代表氢。在一些实施方案中,a、b、c、d和e各自独立地选自0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9和10。
在一些其他非限制性示例性实施方案中,每个接头单元L1和L2还可以衍生自基于卤代乙酰基的部分,该部分选自N-琥珀酰亚胺基-4-(碘乙酰基)-氨基苯甲酸酯(SIAB)、N-琥珀酰亚胺基碘乙酸酯(SIA)、N-琥珀酰亚胺基溴乙酸酯(SBA)、或N-琥珀酰亚胺基3-(溴乙酰胺基)丙酸酯(SBAP)。
连接基团
本发明缀合物的不同部分可以通过各种化学连接基连接。实例包括但不限于酰胺、酯、二硫化物、醚、氨基、氨基甲酸酯、肼、硫醚和碳酸酯。
例如,可以活化PEG部分(P)的末端羟基,然后与赖氨酸(T)偶联以提供式Ia或Ib的P和T之间的期望连接点。同时,T和L1或L2之间的连接基团可以是由接头L1或L2的氨基与赖氨酸(T)的羧基反应产生的酰胺。替代性地,T和L1或L2之间的连接基团可以是由T的氨基与接头L1或L2的活化羧基反应产生的酰胺。根据缀合物的期望特性,也可以在抗体部分(A)和相邻接头(L1或L2)之间以及在L1或L2的各个接头之间或之内引入合适的连接基团。
在一些实施方案中,缀合物的不同部分之间的连接基团可以衍生自对彼此具有固有化学亲和力和选择性的一对官能团的偶联。这些类型的偶联或成环允许位点特异性缀合以引入特定蛋白质或抗体部分。导致位点特异性缀合的这些官能团的非限制性实例包括硫醇、马来酰亚胺、2’-吡啶基二硫基变体、芳族或乙烯基砜、丙烯酸酯、溴或碘乙酰胺、叠氮化物、炔烃、二苯并环辛炔(DBCO)、羰基、2-氨基-苯甲醛或2-氨基-乙酰苯基团、酰肼、肟、酰基三氟硼酸钾、O-氨基甲酰基羟胺、反式-环辛烯、四嗪和三芳基膦。
合成
在一些实施方案中,合成过程举例如下。
一旦选择了期望大小和形状的PEG(直链或支链),使用任何本领域公认的方法将PEG的末端官能团(如羟基或羧基等)转化为末端分支异双官能团。广义地说,末端分支的异双官能PEG,如末端分支的异双官能PEG-Lys(马来酰亚胺)-炔烃可以通过如下方法制备:用N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺活化PEG的末端羟基或羧基,在如4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)、吡啶等的碱的存在下,在聚乙二醇末端为羟基的情况下,使用如二(N-琥珀酰亚胺)碳酸酯(DSC)、三光气(triphosgene)等的试剂,或者在聚乙二醇末端为羧基的情况下,使用如N,N-二异丙基碳二亚胺(DIPC)、1-乙基-3-(3-二甲氨基丙基)碳二亚胺(EDC)等的偶联试剂,以形成活化的PEG。接着,活化的PEG与三官能小分子如赖氨酸衍生物H-Lys(Boc)-OH在碱如二异丙胺(DIPE)的存在下反应形成末端分支的具有游离羧基和Boc保护的氨基的异双官能PEG,PEG-Lys(Boc)-COOH。
如普通技术人员将理解的,如果期望,可以使用其他已知的PEG末端官能团如卤化物、氨基、硫醇基等和其他已知的三官能小分子作为替代物用于相同目的。三官能小分子的实例包括含有三个官能团(NH2、NHNH2、COOH、OH、C=OX、N=C=X、SH、酸酐、卤代烷、马来酰亚胺、C=C、C≡C等,其中X是卤素)或其受保护的形式的任意组合的分子。用酸如三氟乙酸(TFA)处理末端分支的Boc氨基/羧基异双官能PEG(PEG-Lys(Boc)-COOH)得到末端分支的胺/羧基异双官能PEG(PEG-Lys-COOH)。然后通过与具有马来酰亚胺基团如NHS-PEG2-马来酰亚胺的双官能小分子间隔物反应,将末端分支的胺/羧基异双官功能PEG转化为末端分支的马来酰亚胺/羧基异双官能PEG(PEG-Lys(马来酰亚胺)-COOH)。靶标末端分支的马来酰亚胺/炔烃异双官能PEG(PEG-Lys(马来酰亚胺)-炔烃)是通过将末端分支的马来酰亚胺/羧基异双官能PEG与另一个具有炔基的双官能小分子间隔物如1-氨基-3-丁炔或NH2-DBCO偶联获得的。这种末端分支的马来酰亚胺/炔烃异双官能PEG(PEG-Lys(马来酰亚胺)-炔烃)被允许并能够连续与两种不同的蛋白质或抗体进行位点特异性缀合,例如一种与具有硫醇标记的单链抗体如抗CD3缀合,另一种与具有叠氮化物标记的单链抗体如抗CD47缀合。
在一些实施方案中,两个单链抗体(SCA)片段,抗CD3(SCACD3)和抗CD47(SCACD47)可以使用本领域已知的各种技术生成。在一个实施例中,将编码抗体如抗-CD3 VH-VL和抗-CD47 VL-VH的核苷酸序列合成并克隆到含有GS(谷氨酸合酶)基因的表达载体中,并且将所得带有用于分泌的信号肽的表达构建体转染到GS基因敲除的CHO细胞系中。筛选高表达细胞库或克隆,然后表达蛋白质。为了促进随后的缀合,通过重组DNA技术将位点特异性官能团如硫醇插入到单链抗体的VH和VL之间的接头中(Yang,K.等人2003,Protein Eng 16(10),p761-770)。通过色谱法获得纯SCA。如普通技术人员将理解的,如果期望,其他已知的位点特异性官能团也可以通过重组DNA技术插入SCA的VH和VL之间的接头中作为替代物用于相同目的。
在一些实施方案中,为了制备PEG化单链双特异性抗体,末端分支的炔烃/马来酰亚胺异双官能PEG(PEG-Lys(马来酰亚胺)-炔烃)与遗传插入的SCACD3的游离硫醇官能团位点特异性反应,产生PEG(SCACD3)-炔烃,而SCACD47与小分子叠氮化物/马来酰亚胺双官能接头位点特异性缀合,产生叠氮化物-SCACD47。纯化的叠氮化物-SCADCD47和纯化的PEG(SCACD3)-炔烃通过叠氮化物-炔烃点击化学进行位点特异性反应,形成靶标PEG化单链双特异性抗体PEG(SCACD3)SCACD47。
除了用于本发明的硫醇/马来酰亚胺和叠氮化物/炔烃位点特异性缀合基团对,如普通技术人员将理解的,如果期望,其他已知的位点特异性缀合基团对,如硫醇/2’-吡啶基二硫基对;硫醇/砜对;DBCO/叠氮化物对;反式环辛烯/四嗪对;羰基/酰肼对;羰基/肟对;叠氮化物/三芳基膦对;酰基三氟硼酸钾/O-氨基甲酰基羟胺对,可以类似地设计和使用作为替代物用于相同目的。上述位点特异性缀合基团对的列表仅是说明性的,并非旨在限制适用于本文的位点特异性缀合基团对的类型。
替代性地,如果期望,可以将硫标记的单链融合双特异性抗体如具有硫标签的抗-CD3-肽-抗CD47直接与PEG-马来酰亚胺缀合以达到靶标结构。
抗体
本文公开的发明涉及抗体。如本文所用,“抗体”以最广义使用,只要它们表现出期望的生物活性。本发明的双特异性分子可以使用来自任何表达系统(大肠杆菌、酵母、果蝇或哺乳动物细胞表达系统)的抗体片段来制备。抗体片段与人CD3或CD47结合。优选地,抗体片段衍生自人抗体,但抗体也可以是例如鼠抗体、嵌合抗体、人源化抗体或其组合。
片段
在某些实施方案中,本文提供的抗体是抗体片段。抗体片段包括但不限于Fab、Fab’、Fab’-SH、F(ab’)2、Fv和scFv片段,以及下文描述的其他片段,例如双抗体、三抗体四抗体、纳米抗体和单结构域抗体。
已经开发了用于抗体片段产生的各种技术。传统上,抗体片段可以通过全长抗体的蛋白水解消化获得(参见例如,Morimoto,K.等人,1992,J.Biochem.Biophys.Meth.24,p107-117,Brennan,M.等人,1985,Science 229,p81-83)。
抗体片段也可以通过重组方式直接产生。Fab、Fv和scFv抗体片段都可以在例如大肠杆菌中表达和分泌,因此允许这些片段轻松大量地产生。可以根据标准程序从抗体噬菌体文库中分离抗体片段。替代性地,Fab’-SH片段可以直接从大肠杆菌中回收(Carter,P.等人,1992,Bio/Technology 10,p163-167)。哺乳动物细胞系统也可用于表达和(如果期望)分泌抗体片段。
嵌合和人源化抗体
在某些实施方案中,本文提供的抗体是嵌合抗体。在一些实施方案中,嵌合抗体包含非人可变区。在一些其他实施方案中,嵌合抗体是“类别转换”抗体,其中类别或亚类已从亲本抗体的类别或亚类中改变。嵌合抗体包括其抗原结合片段。
在某些实施方案中,嵌合抗体是人源化抗体。通常,人源化抗体包含一个或多个可变结构域,其中HVR例如CDR(或其部分)衍生自非人抗体,而FR(或其部分)衍生自人抗体序列。
人源化抗体及其制备方法已描述于参考文献如美国专利号5,821,337、7,527,791、6,982,321和7,087,409中,所有这些专利的全部公开内容通过引用并入本文。
人抗体
在某些实施方案中,本文提供的抗体是人抗体。可以使用本领域已知的各种技术或使用本文描述的技术来产生人抗体。
人抗体可以通过向转基因动物施用免疫原来制备,该转基因动物已被修饰以产生完整的人抗体或具有人可变区的完整抗体以响应抗原攻击。此类动物通常含有全部或部分人免疫球蛋白基因座,其替代内源性免疫球蛋白基因座,或存在于染色体外或随机整合到动物染色体中。在此类转基因小鼠中,内源性免疫球蛋白基因座通常已被灭活。可以例如通过与不同的人恒定区组合来进一步修饰此类动物生成的完整抗体的人可变区。
人抗体也可以通过基于杂交瘤的方法制备。已经描述了用于产生人单克隆抗体的人骨髓瘤和小鼠-人异质骨髓瘤细胞系。示例性程序提供于美国专利号第7,189,826中。人杂交瘤技术(Trioma技术)也是本领域众所周知的。
人抗体也可以通过分离选自人源噬菌体展示文库的Fv克隆可变结构域序列来生成。
本发明的抗体可以通过筛选具有期望的一种或多种活性的抗体的组合文库来分离。例如,本领域已知多种方法用于生成噬菌体展示文库并筛选此类文库中具有期望结合特性的抗体。此类方法在本领域中是众所周知的。
在某些噬菌体展示方法中,通过聚合酶链式反应(PCR)分别克隆VH和VL基因库并在噬菌体文库中随机重组,然后可以如本领域所知筛选抗原结合噬菌体。噬菌体通常以单链Fv(scFv)片段或Fab片段的形式展示抗体片段。来自免疫来源的文库可提供针对免疫原的高亲和力抗体,而无需构建杂交瘤。替代性地,可以克隆原始库(例如,来自人)以提供针对广泛的非自身以及自身抗原的单一抗体来源,而无需本领域众所周知的任何免疫。最后,还可以如本领域所熟知的,通过从干细胞中克隆未重排的V基因片段,并使用含有随机序列的PCR引物来编码高度可变的CDR3区域并完成体外重排,从而合成地制备原始文库。从人抗体文库中分离的抗体或抗体片段在本文中被认为是人抗体或人抗体片段。
变体
在某些实施方案中,考虑了本文提供的抗体的氨基酸序列变体。例如,可以期望提高抗体的结合亲和力和/或其他生物学特性。抗体的氨基酸序列变体可以通过将适当的修饰引入编码抗体的核苷酸序列中,或通过肽合成来制备。此类修饰包括例如,抗体氨基酸序列内残基的缺失和/或插入和/或取代。可以进行缺失、插入和取代的任何组合以获得最终构建体,前提是最终构建体具有期望的特征例如抗原结合。
取代、插入和缺失变体
在某些实施方案中,提供了具有一个或多个氨基酸取代的抗体变体。取代诱变的感兴趣位点包括HVR和FR。本文定义了保守的取代。可以将氨基酸取代引入到感兴趣的抗体中,并筛选产物以获得期望的活性,例如保留/提升的抗原结合、降低的免疫原性或改善的ADCC或CDC。
因此,本发明的抗体可以包含本文所述的CDR、重链可变区或轻可变区的一种或多种保守修饰。该修饰基本上保留了亲本肽、多肽或蛋白质(如本发明中公开的那些)的活性。
如本文所用,术语“保守修饰”是指不显著影响或改变含有氨基酸序列的抗体的结合特征的氨基酸修饰。此类保守修饰包括氨基酸取代、添加和缺失。可以通过本领域已知的标准技术将修饰引入本发明的抗体,如定点诱变和PCR介导的诱变。保守氨基酸取代是其中氨基酸残基被具有相似侧链的氨基酸残基替换的氨基酸取代。本领域已经定义了具有相似侧链的氨基酸残基家族。这些家族包括:
具有以下的氨基酸:碱性侧链(例如,赖氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸),
酸性侧链(例如,天冬氨酸、谷氨酸),
不带电荷的极性侧链(例如,甘氨酸、天冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、酪氨酸、半胱氨酸、色氨酸),
非极性侧链(例如,丙氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、脯氨酸、苯丙氨酸、甲硫氨酸),
β-支链侧链(例如,苏氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸)和
芳香侧链(例如,酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、色氨酸、组氨酸)。
非保守取代将需要将这些类别中的一个成员替换为另一个类别。
示例性取代变体是亲和力成熟的抗体,其可以方便地生成,例如使用本领域熟知的基于噬菌体展示的亲和力成熟技术。氨基酸序列插入包括长度从一个残基到含有一百个或更多残基的多肽的氨基和/或羧基末端融合,以及单个或多个氨基酸残基的序列内插入。末端插入的实例包括具有N-末端甲硫氨酰残基的抗体。抗体分子的其他插入变体包括抗体的N-端或C-端与酶(例如,对于ADEPT)或增加抗体血清半衰期的多肽的融合。
靶标
本文公开的双特异性抗体(PEG化的抗CD3X抗CD47)可用于制备用于治疗例如肿瘤疾病、心血管疾病、感染性疾病的药物。
在优选的实施方案中,双特异性分子是分别与CD3和CD47特异性相互作用并显示出可测量的亲和力的两种抗体或其抗原结合片段的缀合物。每种抗体以1x10-6 M或更小的KD,例如1x10-7 M、5x10-8 M、1x10-8 M、5x10-9M、1x10-9 M或更小的KD结合人CD3或CD47。评估抗体对抗原的结合能力的测定是本领域已知的,包括例如ELISA、蛋白质印迹和RIA。抗体的结合动力学(例如,结合亲和力)也可以通过本领域已知的标准测定来评估,如通过Biacore分析。
在某些实施方案中,第一或第二识别结合部分包含感兴趣抗体的重链和轻链,或相应的重链和轻链CDR1、CDR2和CDR3。例如,每个识别结合部分可以是单链抗体Fv区(scFv)。使用Kabat系统划定CDR区域(Kabat,E.A.等人1991,Sequences of Proteins ofImmunological Interest,第五版,U.S.Department of Health and Human Services,NIHPublication No.91-3242)。
下面列出的是抗CD3 scFv和抗CD47 scFv的示例性氨基酸序列。
SCACD3的氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:1):
SCACD47的氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:2):
修饰
在一些实施方案中,抗体的VH和/或VL氨基酸序列可以与上述序列82%、85%、90%、95%、96%、97%、98%或99%同源并保留相应的抗原结合活性和特异性。
在某些实施方案中,本发明的识别结合部分包含含有CDR1、CDR2和CDR3序列的重链可变区和含有CDR1、CDR2和CDR3序列的轻链可变区,其中这些CDR序列中的一个或多个包含基于本文所述的优选抗体或其保守修饰的特定氨基酸序列,并且其中抗体保留期望的功能特性。
本发明的识别结合部分可以使用具有一种或多种本文公开的VH和/或VL序列的抗体作为起始材料来制备以改造修饰的抗体,该修饰的抗体可以具有与起始抗体相比改变的特性。可以通过修饰一个或两个可变区(即,VH和/或VL)内的一个或多个残基,例如一个或多个CDR区内和/或一个或多个框架区内的一个或多个残基来改造抗体。
在另一个实施方案中,可以修饰抗体的糖基化。可以改变糖基化以例如增加或减少抗体对抗原或Fc受体的亲和力。此类碳水化合物修饰可以通过例如改变抗体序列内的一个或多个糖基化位点来实现。例如,可以进行一个或多个氨基酸取代,导致消除一个或多个可变区框架糖基化位点,从而消除该位点的糖基化。此方法进一步详细描述于美国专利号8008449和6350861中。
化合物
该发明提供了非免疫原性聚合物修饰的(例如PEG化的)抗CD47X抗CD3双特异性抗体。
如本文所公开,与常规抗CD47抗体治疗相关的贫血、血小板减少症和淋巴细胞减少症用本发明的非免疫原性聚合物修饰的(例如PEG化的)抗CD3X抗CD47双特异性抗体显著改善(这是由于在传统的抗CD47抗体中缺乏通常可见的Fc组分以及通过非免疫原性聚合物的修饰),同时双特异性抗体的血液循环半衰期得到延长。此外,所公开的双特异性抗体除了阻断CD47/SIRP之外,还具有募集效应细胞以有效方式杀伤癌细胞的优点。此外,由于传统的全长双特异性抗体或其修饰形式通常太大而无法深入渗透到实体瘤组织中,并且传统的单链双特异性抗体或抗体片段或其修饰形式在实体瘤组织中的保留时间有限,因此使用此类治疗性抗体治疗实体瘤具有很大的挑战性。但本文公开的非免疫原性聚合物修饰的(例如PEG化的)抗CD47X抗CD3双特异性抗体具有平衡大小和循环半衰期的能力,因此可以为实体瘤提供更有效的治疗。
效应物
在一些实施方案中,双特异性化合物或分子可以进一步缀合至一种或多种效应物部分,例如细胞毒性剂,如化疗剂或药物、生长抑制剂、毒素(例如,蛋白质毒素、细菌、真菌、植物或动物来源的酶活性毒素或其片段)或放射性同位素。
组合物
本发明还提供组合物,例如药物组合物,其含有本发明的双特异性分子,任选地与药学上可接受的载剂一起配制。例如,本发明的药物组合物可以包含与CD3和CD47两者结合的双特异性分子。
本发明的治疗制剂可以通过将具有期望纯度的双特异性分子与任选地生理学上可接受的载剂、赋形剂或稳定剂混合来制备(Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences1980,第16版,Osol,A.Ed.),形式为冻干制剂或水溶液。可接受的载剂、赋形剂或稳定剂在所采用的剂量和浓度下对接受者无毒,包括缓冲剂,如磷酸盐、柠檬酸盐和其他有机酸;抗氧化剂,包括抗坏血酸和甲硫氨酸;防腐剂(如十八烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵;六甲铵氯化物;苯扎氯铵、苄索氯铵;苯酚、丁醇或苯甲醇;对羟基苯甲酸烷基酯如对羟基苯甲酸甲酯或对羟基苯甲酸丙酯;邻苯二酚;间苯二酚;环己醇;3-戊醇;和间甲酚);低分子量(少于约10个残基)蛋白质,如血清白蛋白、明胶或免疫球蛋白;亲水性聚合物,如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;氨基酸,如甘氨酸、谷氨酰胺、天冬酰胺、组氨酸、精氨酸或赖氨酸;单糖、二糖和其他碳水化合物,包括葡萄糖、甘露糖或糊精;螯合剂,如EDTA;糖,如蔗糖、甘露糖醇、海藻糖或山梨糖醇;形成盐的抗衡离子,如钠;金属络合物(例如,锌-蛋白质络合物);和/或非离子表面活性剂,如TWEEN、PLURONICS或聚乙二醇(PEG)。
该制剂还可以根据待治疗的特定适应症的需要含有一种以上的活性化合物,优选那些具有互补活性且不会相互产生不利影响的化合物。例如,该制剂可以进一步包含另一种抗体、细胞毒性剂或化疗剂。此类分子可以适当地以对预期目的有效的数量组合存在。
还可以将活性成分包埋在例如通过凝聚技术或通过界面聚合制备的微胶囊中,例如分别在羟甲基纤维素或明胶-微胶囊和聚-(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)微胶囊中,在胶体药物递送系统(例如脂质体、白蛋白微球、微乳液、纳米颗粒和纳米胶囊)中或在粗乳液中。此类技术公开于Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences 1980,第16版,Osol,A.Ed.中。可以制备缓释制剂。缓释制剂的合适实例包括含有双特异性分子的固体疏水聚合物的半透性基质,该基质是成形制品例如薄膜或微胶囊的形式。可缓释基质的实例包括聚酯、水凝胶(例如,聚(2-羟乙基-甲基丙烯酸酯)或聚(乙烯醇))、聚乳酸(美国专利号3773919)、L-谷氨酸和γ-乙基-L-谷氨酸的共聚物、不可降解的乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯、可降解的乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物如LUPRON DEPOT(由乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物和乙酸亮丙瑞林组成的可注射微球)和聚-D-(--)-3-羟基丁酸。虽然聚合物如乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯和乳酸-乙醇酸等聚合物能够释放分子超过100天,但某些水凝胶会在更短的时间内释放蛋白质。当封装的抗体在体内长时间保留时,它们可能会因暴露于37℃的湿气而变性或聚集,从而导致生物活性的丧失和免疫原性的可能变化。根据所涉及的机制,可以设计合理的策略以实现稳定化。例如,如果发现聚集机制是通过硫代二硫化物交换形成的分子间S-S键,则可以通过修饰巯基残基、从酸性溶液中冻干、控制水分含量、使用适当的添加剂和开发特定的聚合物基质组合物来实现稳定化。
本发明的药物组合物可以与疗法组合施用,即与其他药剂组合施用。下面更详细地描述可以用于联合疗法的治疗剂的实例。
用于体内施用的制剂必须是无菌的。这可以通过无菌过滤膜过滤很容易地实现。无菌可注射溶液可通过将所需量的活性化合物加入适当的溶剂中和上述列举的一种成分或成分的组合(根据需要)来制备,然后进行灭菌微滤。通常,分散体是通过活性化合物引入含有基本分散介质和来自上述列举的那些所需的其他成分的无菌载体中来制备。在用于制备无菌注射溶液的无菌粉末的情况下,优选的制备方法是真空干燥和冷冻干燥(冻干),其从其先前无菌过滤的溶液产生活性成分加上任何其他期望成分的粉末。
剂量
可与载剂材料组合以产生单一剂型的活性成分的量将取决于待治疗的受试者和特定的施用方式。可与载剂材料组合以产生单一剂型的活性成分的量通常是产生治疗效果的组合物的量。通常,在100%中,该量的范围为约0.01%至约99%的活性成分,优选地约0.1%至约70%,最优选地为约1%至约30%的活性成分与药学上可接受的载剂组合。
调整剂量方案以提供最佳的期望反应(例如,治疗反应)。例如,可以单次施用,在一段时间内分几剂施用,或者根据治疗情况的紧急程度按比例减少或增加剂量。以剂量单位形式配制肠胃外组合物以便于施用和剂量均匀是特别有利的。如本发明所用的剂量单位形式是指适合用于待治疗受试者的作为单位剂量的物理上离散的单位:每个单位含有预定量的活性化合物,经计算可与所需的药物载剂一起产生期望的治疗效果。本发明的剂量单位形式的规格由以下决定并且直接取决于以下:(a)活性化合物的独特特征和待实现的特定治疗效果,和(b)本领域组合此类活性化合物用以治疗个体敏感性中固有的局限性。
为了施用本发明的多特异性分子药物缀合物,剂量范围为约0.0001mg/kg至100mg/kg宿主体重,更通常地为0.01mg/kg至50mg/kg。例如剂量可以是0.3mg/kg体重、1mg/kg体重、3mg/kg体重、5mg/kg体重或10mg/kg体重或在1-10mg/kg的范围内。示例性的治疗方案需要如下施用:每周两次、每周一次、每两周一次、每三周一次、每四周一次、每月一次、每3个月一次或每三至6个月一次。本发明多特异性分子的优选给药方案包括通过静脉内施用1mg/kg体重或3mg/kg体重,其中使用以下给药方案之一给予多特异性分子:(i)每四周给药六个剂量,然后每三个月;(ii)每三周;(iii)3mg/kg体重,一次,然后每三周1mg/kg体重。
替代性地,双特异性分子可以作为缓释制剂施用,在这种情况下需要较低的施用频率。剂量和频率的可根据多特异性分子在患者体内的半衰期而有所不同。一般来说,人抗体显示出最长的半衰期,其次是人源化抗体、嵌合抗体和非人抗体。施用的剂量和频率可以根据治疗是预防性的还是治疗性的而有所不同。在预防性应用中,在长时间内以相对不频繁的间隔施用相对低的剂量。一些患者在余生中持续接受治疗。在治性疗应用中,有时需要在相对短的间隔时间内使用相对高的剂量,直到疾病的进展减少或终止,优选地直到病人显示出部分或完全的疾病症状改善。此后,可以向患者施用预防性方案。本发明药物组合物中活性成分的实际剂量水平可变化,从而获得就特定患者、组合物、施用模式而言有效达到期望治疗性反应,而对患者没有毒性的活性成分量。所选剂量水平取决于多种药代动力学因素,包括所用的本发明特定组合物的活性、施用途径、施用时间、所用特定化合物的排泄率、治疗持续时间、与所用特定组合物联用的其他药物、化合物和/或材料、待治疗患者的年龄、性别、重量、病症、总体健康和既往病史、和医学领域熟知的其他因素。
本发明的多特异性分子的“治疗有效剂量”优选地导致疾病症状严重程度的下降,疾病无症状时期的频率和持续时间的增加,或因疾病折磨而造成的损伤或残疾的预防。例如,对于肿瘤的治疗,相对于未治疗的受试者,“治疗有效剂量”优选地抑制细胞生长或肿瘤生长或转移至少约20%,更优选地至少约40%,还更优选地至少约60%,还更优选地至少约80%。可以在预测人肿瘤功效的动物模型系统中评估药剂或化合物抑制肿瘤生长的能力。替代性地,组合物的这种性质可以通过检查化合物抑制的能力来评估,此种抑制在体外通过本领域技术人员已知的测定进行。治疗有效量的治疗性化合物可以减少肿瘤大小、减少转移或改善受试者的症状。本领域普通技术人员将能够基于如受试者的体型、受试者症状的严重性和所选择的特定组合物或施用途径等因素来确定这样的量。
施用
本发明的组合物可以使用本领域已知的多种方法中的一种或多种通过一种或多种施用途径来施用。如本领域技术人员所理解的,施用途径和/或方式将根据期望的结果而变化。本发明抗体的优选施用途径包括静脉内、肌肉内、皮内、腹膜内、皮下、脊柱或其它胃肠外施用途径,例如通过注射或输注。如本文所用,短语“肠胃外施用”是指除肠内和局部施用以外的施用方式,通常通过注射,包括但不限于静脉内、肌内、动脉内、鞘内、囊内、眶内、心内、皮内、腹腔内、经气管、皮下、表皮下、关节内、被膜下、蛛网膜下、脊柱内、硬膜外和胸骨内注射和输注。
替代性地,本发明的双特异分子可以通过非肠胃外途径施用,如局部、表皮或粘膜施用途径,例如,鼻内、经口、阴道、直肠、舌下或局部施用。
活性化合物可以与载剂一起制备,所述载剂将保护化合物免于快速释放,如控释制剂,包括植入物、透皮贴剂和微囊化递送系统。可以使用可生物降解的、生物相容的聚合物,如乙烯乙酸乙烯酯、聚酸酐、聚乙醇酸、胶原、聚原酸酯和聚乳酸。许多制备此类制剂的方法已获得专利,或为本领域技术人员普遍所知。参见例如,Sustained and ControlledRelease Drug Delivery Systems,1978,J.R.Robinson,ed.,Marcel Dekker,Inc.,NewYork。
治疗性组合物可以用本领域已知的医疗装置施用。例如,本发明的治疗性组合物可以用无针皮下注射装置施用,如美国专利号5399163、5383851、5312335、5064413、4941880、4790824和4596556中公开的装置。可用于本发明的众所周知的植入物和组件的实例包括在美国专利号4487603、4486194、4447233、4447224、4439196和4475196中描述的那些。这些专利通过引用并入本文。许多其他这样的植入物、递送系统和组件是本领域技术人员已知的。
治疗方法
在一个方面,本发明涉及使用上述双特异性分子在体内治疗受试者,从而抑制癌性肿瘤的生长和/或转移。在一个实施方案中,本发明提供了抑制受试者中肿瘤细胞的生长和/或限制肿瘤细胞转移性扩散的方法,包括向受试者施用治疗有效量的双特异性分子。所治疗的优选癌症的非限制性实例包括慢性或急性白血病,包括急性骨髓性白血病、慢性骨髓性白血病、急性成淋巴细胞性白血病、慢性淋巴细胞性白血病、淋巴细胞性淋巴瘤、乳腺癌、卵巢癌、黑素瘤(例如,转移性恶性黑素瘤)、肾癌(例如,透明细胞癌)、前列腺癌(例如激素难治性前列腺癌)、结肠癌和肺癌(例如非小细胞肺癌)。此外,本发明包括其生长可以使用本发明的抗体来抑制的难治性或复发性恶性肿瘤。可使用本发明的方法治疗的其它癌症的实例包括骨癌、胰腺癌、皮肤癌、头颈癌、皮肤或眼内恶性黑素瘤、子宫癌、直肠癌、肛门区癌症、胃癌、睾丸癌、子宫癌、输卵管癌、子宫内膜癌、宫颈癌、阴道癌、外阴癌、霍奇金疾病、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、食管癌、小肠癌、内分泌系统癌、甲状腺癌、甲状旁腺癌、肾上腺癌、软组织肉瘤、尿道癌、阴茎癌、儿童实体瘤、膀胱癌、肾癌或输尿管癌、肾盂癌、中枢神经系统(CNS)肿瘤、原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤、肿瘤血管发生、脊髓轴肿瘤、脑干神经胶质瘤、垂体腺瘤、Kaposi肉瘤、表皮样癌、鳞状上皮细胞癌症、T-细胞淋巴瘤、环境诱导的癌症包括石棉诱导的癌症,以及所述癌症的组合。
如本文所用,术语“受试者”意在包括人和非人动物。非人动物包括所有脊椎动物,例如哺乳动物和非哺乳动物,如非人灵长类动物、羊、狗、猫、牛、马、鸡、两栖动物和爬行动物,但哺乳动物是首选,如非人类灵长类动物、羊、狗、猫、牛和马。优选的受试者包括需要增强免疫应答的人患者。该方法特别适用于治疗患有可通过增强免疫应答来治疗的病症的人患者。
上述治疗也可以与标准的癌症治疗相结合。例如,其可以与化疗方案有效结合。在这些情况下,减少施用的化疗剂的剂量是可能的(Mokyr,M.等人1998,Cancer Research58,p5301-5304)。
可用于激活宿主免疫应答的其他抗体可与本发明的双特异性分子组合使用。所述抗体包括靶向树突细胞表面的分子,其可以激活DC功能和抗原呈递。例如,抗CD40抗体能够有效替代T细胞辅助活性(Ridge,J.等人1998,Nature 393,p474-478),并可与本发明的多特异性分子结合使用(Ito,N.等人2000,Immunobiology 201,p527-40)。类似地,靶向T细胞共刺激分子的抗体,如CTLA-4(例如,美国专利号5,811,097)、CD28(Haan,J.等人2014,Immunology Letters 162,p103-112)、OX-40(Weinberg,A.等人2000,J Immunol164,p2160-2169)、4-1BB(Melero,I.等人1997,Nature Medicine 3,p682-685)和ICOS(Hutloff,A.等人1999,Nature 397,p263-266)或靶向PD-1(美国专利号8008449)PD-1L(美国专利号7943743和8168179)的抗体也可以提供增加的T细胞活化水平。在另一个实例中,本发明的多特异性分子可以与抗肿瘤抗体联合使用,如RITUXAN(利妥昔单抗)、HERCEPTIN(曲妥单抗)、BEXXAR(托西莫单抗)、ZEVALIN(替伊莫单抗)、CAMPATH(阿仑单抗)、LYMPHOCIDE(依帕珠单抗)、AVASTIN(贝伐单抗)和TARCEVA(埃罗替尼)等。
术语定义
如本文所用,术语“烷基”是指烃链,通常长度为约1至25个原子。这种烃链优选但不一定是饱和的并且可以是支链或直链,但通常直链是优选的。术语C1-10烷基包括具有1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9和10个碳的烷基。类似地,C1-25烷基包括具有1至25个碳的所有烷基。示例性烷基包括甲基、乙基、异丙基、正丁基、正戊基、2-甲基-1-丁基、3-戊基、3-甲基-3-戊基等。如本文所用,当提及三个或更多个碳原子时,“烷基”包括环烷基。除非另有说明,烷基可以是取代的或未取代的。
如本文所用,术语“官能团”或“功能团”是指在正常的有机合成条件下,可用于在其所附接的实体和通常携带其他官能团的另一实体之间形成共价连接基的基团。“双官能接头”是指具有两个官能团的接头,其通过与缀合物的其他部分形成两个连接基。
如本文所用,术语“衍生物”是指具有额外结构部分用于引入新的官能团或调整原始化合物的性质的目的的化学修饰化合物。
如本文所用,术语“保护基团”是指在某些反应条件下防止或阻断分子中特定化学反应性官能团反应的部分。
如本文所用,术语“PEG”或“聚(乙二醇)”是指聚(环氧乙烷)。用于本发明的PEG通常包含-(CH2CH2O)n-的结构。PEG可以具有多种分子量、结构或几何形状。PEG基团可以包含在典型合成反应条件下不易发生化学转化的封端基团。封端基团的实例包括-OC1-25烷基或-O芳基。
如本文所用,术语“接头”或“连接基”是指用于连接互连部分(如抗体和聚合物部分)的原子或原子集合。接头可以是可裂解的或不可裂解的。可裂解接头包含在某些生物或化学条件下可裂解的基团或部分。实例包括酶可裂解的二硫连接基、1,4-或1,6-苄基消除、三甲基锁系统、基于二(羟乙基)甘氨酸(bicine)的自裂解系统、酸不稳定的甲硅烷基醚接头和其他光不稳定的接头。
如本文所用,术语“连接基团”或“连接基”是指连接化合物或缀合物的不同部分的官能团或部分。连接基团的实例包括但不限于:酰胺、酯、氨基甲酸酯、醚、硫醚、二硫化物、腙、肟和半碳二酰肼、碳二亚胺、酸不稳定基团、光不稳定基团、肽酶不稳定基团和酯酶不稳定基团。例如,接头部分和聚合物部分可以通过酰胺或氨基甲酸酯连接基团彼此连接。
如本文所用,术语“肽”、“多肽”和“蛋白质”互换地用于描述聚合物中氨基酸残基的排列。除了稀有氨基酸和合成氨基酸类似物之外,肽、多肽或蛋白可以由标准的20种天然存在的氨基酸构成。它们可以是氨基酸的任何链,无论何种长度或是否有翻译后修饰(例如,糖基化或磷酸化)。
“重组”肽、多肽或蛋白质是指通过重组DNA技术产生的肽、多肽或蛋白质;即,由编码期望肽的外源DNA构建体转化的细胞产生的肽、多肽或蛋白质。“合成的”肽、多肽或蛋白质是指通过化学合成制备的肽、多肽或蛋白质。当提及例如细胞、或核酸、蛋白质或载体使用时,术语“重组”表示细胞、核酸、蛋白质或载体已通过引入异源核酸或蛋白质或改变天然核酸或蛋白质而被修饰,或细胞衍生自如此修饰的细胞。在本发明范围内包括含有一种或多种上述序列和异源序列的融合蛋白。异源多肽、核酸或基因源自外来物种,或者,如果来自相同物种,则基本上从其原始形式修饰。如果两个融合结构域或序列在天然存在的蛋白质或核酸中彼此不相邻,则它们彼此是异源的。
“分离的”肽、多肽或蛋白是指已经从与其天然结合的其它蛋白、脂质和核酸分开的肽、多肽或蛋白。多肽/蛋白可以构成纯化制剂干重的至少10%(即,10%至100%之间的任何百分比,例如20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、85%、90%、95%和99%)。纯度可以通过任何适当的标准方法测量,例如通过柱色谱法、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳或HPLC分析测量。本发明中描述的分离的多肽/蛋白可以从天然来源纯化、通过重组DNA技术或通过化学方法产生。
“抗原”是指引发免疫反应或与该反应的产物结合的物质。术语“表位”是指抗体或T细胞结合的抗原区域。
如本文所用,“抗体”以最广义使用,具体涵盖单克隆抗体(包括全长单克隆抗体)、多克隆抗体、多特异性抗体(例如,双特异性抗体)和抗体片段,只要它们表现出期望的生物活性即可。
如本文所用,“抗体片段”可以包含完整抗体的一部分,通常包括完整抗体的抗原结合和/或可变区和/或保留FcR结合能力的抗体的Fc区。抗体片段的实例包括线性抗体;单链抗体分子;和由抗体片段形成的多特异性抗体。优选地,抗体片段保留IgG重链的整个恒定区,并且包括IgG轻链。
如本文所用,术语“Fc片段”或“Fc区”或“Fc”用于限定免疫球蛋白重链的C端区域。
本文使用的术语“传统抗体”是指全长单克隆抗体或其修饰形式。
如本文所用,术语“单克隆抗体”是指从一群基本同源抗体获得的抗体,即构成该群体的单个抗体除了可能少量存在的可天然发生的突变以外是相同的。单克隆抗体具有高度的特异性,针对单一抗原位点。此外,与通常包括针对不同决定簇(表位)的不同抗体的常规(多克隆)抗体制剂相反,各单克隆抗体针对抗原上的单个决定簇。修饰语“单克隆”表明从基本同源的抗体群体获得的抗体的特征,并不理解为需要通过任何特定的方法来产生该抗体。例如,根据本发明使用的单克隆抗体可以通过Kohler和Milstein,1975,Nature,256,p495-497首先描述的杂交瘤方法制备,其通过引用并入本文,或者可以通过重组DNA方法制备(参见例如,美国专利号4,816,567,其通过引用并入本文)。单克隆抗体也可以使用Clackson等人,1991,Nature,352,p624-628和Marks等人,1991,J Mol Biol,222,p581-597中描述的技术从噬菌体抗体文库中分离,其中每篇都通过引用并入本文。
本文中的单克隆抗体具体包括“嵌合”抗体(免疫球蛋白),其中重链和/或轻链的一部分与衍生自特定物种或属于特定抗体类别或亚类的抗体中的相应序列相同或同源,而链的其余部分与衍生自另一物种或属于另一抗体类别或亚类的抗体以及此类抗体的片段中的相应序列相同或同源,只要它们表现出期望的生物活性即可(参见美国专利号4,816,567;Morrison等人,1984,Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,81,p6851-6855;Neuberger等人,1984,Nature,312,p604-608;Takeda等人,1985,Nature,314,p452-454;国际专利申请号PCT/GB85/00392,其中每篇都通过引用并入本文)。
非人(例如,鼠)抗体的“人源化”形式是含有衍生自非人免疫球蛋白的最少序列的嵌合抗体。对于绝大部分而言,人源化抗体是人免疫球蛋白(受体抗体),其中来自受体的超变区的残基被来自非人物种(供体抗体)(如小鼠、大鼠、兔或非人灵长类动物)的具有期望的特异性、亲和力和能力的超变区的残基替代。在某些情况下,人免疫球蛋白的Fv框架区(FR)残基被相应的非人残基所替代。此外,人源化抗体可以包含未在受体抗体或供体抗体中出现的残基。进行这些修饰来进一步优化抗体的性能。通常,人源化抗体包含至少一个且通常两个可变结构域的基本全部,其中所有或基本所有的超变环对应于非人免疫球蛋白的那些超变环,并且所有或基本所有的FR残基是人免疫球蛋白序列的那些残基。任选地,人源化抗体还包含免疫球蛋白恒定区(Fc)的至少一部分,通常是人免疫球蛋白的恒定区(Fc)。更多细节参见Jones等人,1986,Nature,321,p522-525(1986);Riechmann等人,1988,Nature,332,p323-327;Presta,2003,Curr Op Struct Biol,13(4),p519-525;美国专利号5,225,539,其中每篇都通过引用并入本文。“人抗体”是指具有完全人序列的任何抗体,如可以从人杂交瘤、人噬菌体展示文库或表达人抗体序列的转基因小鼠获得的抗体。
术语“药物组合物”是指活性剂与惰性或活性的载剂的组合,使得该组合物特别适合于体内或离体的诊断或治疗用途。
如本文所用,“药学上可接受的载剂”包括生理上相容的任何和所有溶剂、分散介质、包衣、抗细菌剂和抗真菌剂、等渗剂和吸收延迟剂等。“药学上可接受的载剂”在向受试者施用或施用于受试者后不会引起不期望的生理作用。药物组合物中的载剂必须是“可接受的”,也意味着其与活性成分相容并且能够使其稳定。一种或多种增溶剂可用作药物载剂以递送活性剂。药学上可接受的载剂的实例包括但不限于生物相容性载体、佐剂、添加剂和稀释剂,以获得可用作剂型的组合物。其他载剂的实例包括胶体氧化硅、硬脂酸镁、纤维素和十二烷基硫酸钠。
Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences中描述了其他合适的药物载剂和稀释剂,以及使用它们的药物必需品。优选地,载剂适用于静脉内、肌肉内、皮下、肠胃外、脊柱或表皮施用(例如,通过注射或输注)。治疗化合物可以包括一种或多种药学上可接受的盐。“药学上可接受的盐”是指保留母体化合物的期望生物活性并且不会产生任何不期望的毒理学作用的盐(参见例如,Berge,S.M.等人1977,J.Pharm.Sci.66,p1-19)。
如本文所用,术语“细胞毒性剂”是指抑制或阻止细胞功能和/或导致细胞破坏的物质。该术语旨在包括放射性同位素(例如,At211、I131、I125、Y90、Re186、Re188、Sm153、Bi212、P32和Lu的放射性同位素)、化疗剂和毒素,如小分子毒素或细菌、真菌、植物或动物来源的酶活性毒素,包括其片段和/或变体。
“化疗剂”是可用于治疗癌症的化合物。示例性化疗剂包括烷化剂如噻替哌和环磷酰胺(CYTOXANTM);烷基磺酸酯如白消安、英丙舒凡和哌泊舒凡;氮丙啶类如苯佐替哌、卡波醌、美妥替哌和乌瑞替派;乙烯亚胺和甲基三聚氰胺包括六甲蜜胺、三乙烯三聚氰胺、三乙烯磷酰胺、三乙烯硫代磷酰胺和三羟甲基三聚氰胺;乙酰精宁(尤其是布拉他辛和布拉他西酮);喜树碱(包括合成类似物拓扑替康);苔藓抑素;卡司他丁;CC-1065(包括其阿多来新、卡泽来新和比泽来新合成类似物);念珠藻素(特别是念珠藻素1和念珠藻素8);多拉司他汀;多卡米星(包括合成类似物,KW-2189和CBI-TMI);五加素;水鬼蕉碱;嗜血素;海绵抑素;氮芥类如苯丁酸氮芥、萘氮芥、氯磷酰胺、雌莫司汀、异环磷酰胺、甲氯乙胺、盐酸甲氧氮芥、美法仑、新氮芥、胆甾醇对苯乙酸氮芥、泼尼莫司汀、曲磷酰胺、乌拉莫司汀;硝基脲类,如卡莫司汀、氯脲菌素、福莫司汀、洛莫司汀、尼莫司汀、雷莫司汀;抗生素如烯二炔抗生素(例如加利车霉素,参见例如,1994,Agnew Chem.Intl.Ed.Engl.33(10),p183-186;达内霉素,包括达内霉素A;埃斯波霉素;以及新制癌素生色团和相关的色蛋白烯二炔抗生素生色团)、阿克拉霉素、放线菌素、安曲霉素、氮杂丝氨酸、博来霉素、放线菌素C、卡拉霉素、樟脑霉素、嗜癌菌素、色霉素、更生霉素、柔红霉素、地托比星、6-重氮基-5-氧代-L-正亮氨酸、多柔比星(包括吗啉代多柔比星、氰基吗啉代多柔比星、2-吡咯啉代-多柔比星和脱氧多柔比星)、表柔比星、依索比星、伊达比星、马塞罗霉素、丝裂霉素、霉酚酸、诺加霉素、橄榄霉素、培洛霉素、博地霉素、嘌呤霉素、三铁阿霉素、罗柔比星、链黑霉素、链脲佐菌素、杀结核菌素、乌苯美司、净司他丁、佐柔比星;抗代谢物如甲氨蝶呤和5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU);叶酸类似物如二甲叶酸、甲氨蝶呤、蝶罗呤、三甲曲沙;嘌呤类似物如氟达拉滨、6-巯基嘌呤、硫胺嘌呤、硫鸟嘌呤;嘧啶类似物如安西他滨、阿扎胞苷、6-阿扎尿苷、卡莫氟、阿糖胞苷、双脱氧尿苷、去氧氟尿苷、依诺他滨、氟尿苷、5-FU;雄激素如卡普睾酮、丙酸屈他雄酮、环硫雄醇、美雄烷、睾内酯;抗肾上腺素如氨鲁米特、米托坦、曲洛司坦;叶酸补充剂如亚叶酸(frolinic acid);醋葡醛内酯;醛磷酰胺糖苷;氨基乙酰丙酸;安吖啶;阿莫司汀;比生群;依达曲沙;defofamine;秋水仙胺;地吖醌;elformithine;依利醋铵;埃博霉素;依托格鲁;硝酸镓;羟基脲;香菇多糖;氯尼达明;美登素如美坦辛和安丝霉素;米托胍腙;米托蒽醌;莫哌达醇;硝氨丙吖啶;喷司他丁;蛋氨氮芥;吡柔比星;鬼臼酸;2-乙基酰肼;丙卡巴肼;雷佐生;根瘤菌素;裂裥菌素;锗螺胺;替奴佐酸;三亚胺醌;2,2’,2”-三氯三乙胺;单端孢霉烯类(尤其是T-2毒素、疣孢菌素A、杆孢菌素A和蛇形菌素);尿烷;长春地辛;达卡巴嗪;甘露莫司汀;二溴甘露醇;二溴卫矛醇;哌泊溴烷;gacytosine;阿糖胞苷(“Ara-C”);环磷酰胺;噻替哌;紫杉烷类,例如紫杉醇(Bristol-Myers Squibb Oncology,Princeton,N.J.)和多西他赛(Rhone-Poulenc Rorer,Antony,France);苯丁酸氮芥;吉西他滨;6-硫鸟嘌呤;巯嘌呤;甲氨蝶呤;铂类似物如顺铂和卡铂;长春碱;铂;依托泊苷(VP-16);异环磷酰胺;丝裂霉素C;米托蒽醌;长春新碱;长春瑞滨;诺维本;诺消灵;替尼泊苷;道诺霉素;氨基蝶呤;希罗达;伊班膦酸盐;CPT-11;拓扑异构酶抑制剂RFS 2000;二氟甲基鸟氨酸(DMFO);类维生素A;卡培他滨;以及上述任何物质的药学上可接受的盐、酸或衍生物。该定义还包括用于调节或抑制激素对肿瘤的作用的抗激素剂,如抗雌激素,包括例如他莫昔芬、雷洛昔芬、芳香酶抑制4(5)-咪唑、4-羟基他莫昔芬、曲沃昔芬、盐酸雷洛昔芬、LY117018、奥纳司酮和托瑞米芬(法乐通);以及抗雄激素,如氟他胺、尼鲁米特、比卡鲁胺、亮丙瑞林和戈舍瑞林;以及上述任何物质的药学上可接受的盐、酸或衍生物。
如本文所用,“治疗”或“处理”是指向患有疾病或有发展疾病风险的受试者施用化合物或药剂,目的是治愈、缓解、减轻、补救、延缓其发作、预防或改善疾病、疾病的症状、继发于疾病的疾病状态或对疾病的易感性。
“有效量”是指赋予治疗受试者治疗效果所需的活性化合物/药剂的量。如本领域技术人员所认识到的,有效剂量将根据所治疗病症的类型、施用途径、赋形剂的使用以及与其他治疗性治疗共同使用的可能性而变化。治疗肿瘤病症的组合的治疗有效量是与未治疗的动物相比将导致例如肿瘤尺寸减小、肿瘤灶数量减少或肿瘤生长减慢的量。
如本发明所公开的,提供了一些数值的范围。应当理解,除非上下文另有明确规定,否则还具体公开了该范围的上限和下限之间的每个中间值,至下限单位的十分之一。在所述范围内的任何规定值或中间值与所述范围内的任何其他指定值或中间值之间的每个较小范围都涵盖在本发明内。这些较小范围的上限和下限可以独立地包括在该范围内或排除在该范围外,并且在较小范围内包括上限和下限中任一个、零个或两个的每个范围也涵盖在本发明内,受制于所述范围内任何特别排除的限制。在所述范围包括一个或两个限制的情况下,不包括所述限制之一或两者的范围也包括在本发明中。
术语“约”通常是指所示数字的加或减10%。例如,“约10%”可表示9%至11%的范围,而“约1”可表示0.9-1.1。从上下文中可以明显看出"约"的其他含义,如四舍五入,因此,例如“约1”也可以表示从0.5至1.4。
实施例
实施例1. 30kmPEG-Lys(马来酰亚胺)-DBCO的制备
30kmPEG-Lys(马来酰亚胺)-DBCO的制备流程示意图显示于图1。具体步骤如下。
30kmSC-PEG(化合物2)的制备:
将50g 30kmPEG-OH(MW=30000,1eq)与720mL甲苯共沸两小时以除去150mL甲苯/水。共沸后,将溶液冷却至45-50℃。将332mg三光气(0.67eq.)添加到PEG中,然后添加263.6mg无水吡啶(2eq.)。将反应在50℃下搅拌3小时。然后加入479.6mg N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(2.5eq.),接着加入329.6g无水吡啶(2.5eq.)。将反应混合物在氮气下在50℃搅拌过夜。过滤吡啶盐。用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂并将残余物从2-丙醇中重结晶。分离的产物在真空烘箱中在40℃下干燥,得到46g的30kmSC-PEG。
30kmPEG-Lys(Boc)-OH(化合物3)的制备:
将1107mg H-lys(boc)-OH(3eq.)、1939.5mg DIEA(10eq.)和45g30kmSCPEG(1eq.)在300mL DMF和450mL DCM中混合。将混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。滤出不溶性材料。除去溶剂并将残余物从2-丙醇中重结晶。分离的产物在真空下于40℃下干燥,得到42.5g的30kmPEG-Lys(Boc)-OH。
30kmPEG-Lys-OH(化合物4)的制备:
42g 30kmPEG-Lys(Boc)-OH(1eq.)在室温下用630mL TFA/DCM(1:2)处理1小时。在真空下去除溶剂。残余物用乙醚/DCM重结晶。分离的产物在40℃真空干燥,得到39.9g的30kmPEG-Lys-OH。
30kmPEG-Lys(马来酰亚胺)-OH(化合物5)的制备:
将25.8g 30kmPEG-lys-OH(1eq.)溶解在258mL DCM中并冷却至0-5℃。加入2.85mLDIEA(20eq),然后在0-5℃加入1.1g NHS-PEG2-Mal(3.0eq)。将混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。除去溶剂并将残余物从2-丙醇中重结晶。将分离的产物在真空下干燥,得到24.4g30kmPEG-Lys(马来酰亚胺)-OH。
30kmPEG-Lys(马来酰亚胺)-DBCO(化合物6)的制备:
在0/5℃下将23.8g 30kmPEG-Lys(马来酰亚胺)-OH(1eq)溶解在238mL DCM中,然后加入0.66g DBCO-NH2(3.0eq)、0.91g EDC(6.0eq)和0.96g HOBt(9eq)。将混合物在0-5℃搅拌2小时。然后将反应在室温下放置过夜。除去溶剂并将残余物从2-丙醇中重结晶。分离的产物在40℃真空干燥,得到22.1g 30kmPEG-Lys(马来酰亚胺)-DBCO。
实施例2.SCACD3和SCACD47的制备
相应地制备如式Ib中所突出显示的单链抗体蛋白,其中A1是抗-CD3(SCACD3)并且A2是抗-CD47(SCACD47)。这两种蛋白质都是通过重组DNA技术使用含有GS基因的pD2531nt-HDP表达载体(细胞系和载体均获得Horizon Discovery,Inc许可)在具有GS敲除的中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞中制备的。合成编码第一种蛋白质(SCACD3)和第二种蛋白质(SCACD47)的DNA,并将其克隆到pD2531nt-HDP表达载体中,然后转染到CHO-GS(-/-)细胞中。通过在不添加谷氨酰胺的含有GS抑制剂MSX的培养基中培养细胞获得具有高生产能力的稳定细胞系。由这种细胞系产生的两个scFv通过镍螯合树脂纯化。通过色谱法获得纯化的SCACD3和SCACD47。SCACD3和SCACD47的氨基酸序列如下列出。
SCACD3的氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:1):
SCACD47的氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:2):
实施例3. 30kmPEG-(SCACD3)SCACD47的制备
30kmPEG-(SCACD3)SCACD47的制备流程示意图显示于图2。具体步骤如下。
叠氮化物-PEG10-马来酰亚胺(化合物9)的制备:
15mg 4-马来酰亚胺基丁酸N-琥珀酰亚胺基酯(1eq.)与38mg叠氮基-dPEG10-胺(1.5eq.)在200μl DMSO中在室温下反应45分钟。所得化合物叠氮化物-PEG10-马来酰亚胺不经进一步纯化直接用于下一步。
叠氮化物-SCACD47(化合物10)的制备:
31mg SCACD47(1eq.)(1-5mg/mL)在100mM磷酸盐、1.5% PEG600、pH 6.8中用2-8mM TCEP-HCl还原30分钟。将还原的SCADCD47(1eq.)添加到200μl双官能接头叠氮化物-PEG10-马来酰亚胺(50eq.)中。将混合物涡旋并在室温下在振荡器上放置30分钟至2小时。在室温下,在利用振荡器混合的情绪,通过100μl的200mM半胱氨酸将反应淬灭10分钟。通过用20mM磷酸盐缓冲液、1.5% Peg600 pH6.8平衡的阳离子交换色谱柱(PorosTM XS,ThermoScientific,Bedford,MA,美国)去除过量的接头叠氮化物-PEG10-马来酰亚胺。梯度洗脱叠氮化物-SCACD47。收集来自Poros XS柱的级分,并通过SimplerBlueTM染色的SDS-PAGE和SEC-HPLC进行分析。基于SDS-PAGE图,汇集期望的化合物叠氮化物-SCACD47级分,浓缩至5-10mg/mL并储存在冰箱中以供进一步使用。
30kmPEG-Lys(SCACD3)-DBCO(化合物11)的制备:
将24mg SCACD3(1eq.)(5-10mg/mL)用在20mM磷酸钠、1.5% PEG600、pH 6.0中的2-5mM TCEP-HCl还原30分钟。将还原的SCADCD3(1eq.)与264mg 30KmPEG-Lys(马来酰亚胺)-DBCO(10eq.)在100mM磷酸钠、1.5%PEG600、pH 6.8中混合。将混合物涡旋并在室温下在振荡器上放置约3小时。通过用20mM磷酸钠、1.5% PEG600、pH 6.0预平衡的20mL CMSepgharose Fast Flow(GE Healthcare)柱纯化30kmPEG-Lys(SCACD3)-DBCO。加载样品后,用10CV平衡缓冲液清洗柱子以洗去游离PEG,然后用0.5M NaCl洗脱。收集级分并通过SEC-HPLC和用SimplerBlueTM和碘染色的SDS-PAGE进行分析。基于SDS-PAGE图,汇集30kmPEG-Lys(SCACD3)-DBCO并浓缩至5-10mg/mL。
JY102(30kmPEG-(SCACD3)SCACD47)(化合物12)的制备:
30kmPEG-Lys(SCACD3)-DBCO(化合物11)与叠氮化物-SCACD47(化合物10)的缀合是通过在20mM磷酸盐、pH6.0的20mM磷酸盐中以1:2摩尔比的点击化学反应在室温下搅拌2小时实现的。靶标PEG化双特异性抗体30kmPEG-(SCACD3)SCACD47的纯化首先通过使用20mM磷酸盐、0.65M(NH4)2SO4、pH 6.3缓冲液的疏水相互作用色谱(HIC)柱(Phenyl HP(GenHealthcare,NJ,美国)),然后通过PorosTM XS(PorosTM XS,ThermoScientific,Bedford,MA,美国)柱进行。30kmPEG-(SCACD3)SCACD47用梯度浓度的硫酸铵从HIC柱上洗脱。将来自HIC的级分合并并交换缓冲液至pH 6.3的20mM磷酸盐,然后用PorosTM XS抛光。所有柱层析纯化均通过上述类似程序进行。收集级分并通过SEC-HPCL和用SimplerBlueTM和碘染色的SDS-PAGE进行分析。基于SDS-PAGE图,JY102双特异性抗体产物在pH 6.0的100mM磷酸盐中混合并浓缩至5mg/mL。目标化合物通过SEC-HPLC和基于细胞的活性测定来确认。将纯化的JY102浓缩至5mg/mL,然后在10mM醋酸盐、150mM NaCl、pH4.7的缓冲液中无菌过滤并储存在4℃以供进一步测定。
实施例4.SCACD47/SCACD3 BiTE融合蛋白的制备
两种单链抗体SCACD47/SCACD3 BiTE的融合蛋白采用实施例2所述的方法制备,不同的是融合蛋白的氨基酸序列不同。此外,在SCACD47和SCACD3之间插入了15个氨基酸的肽(GCGSGGSGGSGGSGG),其中半胱氨酸(C)用于后续程序的聚乙二醇化。产生的融合蛋白通过镍螯合树脂纯化。通过色谱法获得纯化的SCACD47-肽-SCACD3。SCACD47-肽-SCACD3融合蛋白的氨基酸序列如下列出。
SCACD47/SCACD3 BiTE(SEQ ID NO:3)的氨基酸序列:
实施例5. 30kmPEG-SCACD47-肽-SCACD3(JY102-BiTE)的制备(图2)
将纯化的SCACD47-肽-SCACD3融合蛋白浓缩至5-10mg/mL,将缓冲液交换为pH 6.8的100mM磷酸盐缓冲液,然后在室温下用2-8mM TCEP-HCl处理30分钟。添加在100mM磷酸钠中的30KmPEG-马来酰亚胺(10eq.),然后添加1.5% PEG600。反应在pH 6.8下室温搅拌3小时进行。反应后,通过用20mM磷酸盐缓冲液、1.5% PEG600 pH6.8平衡的阳离子交换色谱柱(PorosTM XS,Thermo Scientific,Bedford,MA,美国)去除过量的PEG。用梯度盐从柱中洗脱产物JY102-BiTE(化合物13),并通过SDS-PAGE和SEC-HPLC分析JY102-BiTE的级分。将纯化的JY102-BiTE浓缩至5mg/mL,然后在10mM醋酸盐、150mM NaCl、pH 4.7的缓冲液中无菌过滤并储存在4℃。
实施例6.体外T细胞介导的细胞毒性(图3)
进行体外细胞毒性测定以评估和证明PEG化双特异性抗体化合物12(JY102,30kmPEG-SCACD3/SCACD47)的效力。JY102的细胞毒性使用比色MTS测定法确定。
在此测定中,按照制造商试剂盒提供的T细胞扩增方案并进行一些小的修改(>90%是细胞增殖后的CD3+T细胞),对来自健康人供体的外周血淋巴细胞(PBMC)进行了2-3周的培养和增殖。T细胞扩增的PBMC用作体外细胞毒性测定的效应细胞。将4x104胰腺癌细胞BxPC3(或其他CD47阳性细胞MDA-MB-231、ZR-75-1)接种在平底96孔板中过夜,以使细胞粘附。第二天,对效应细胞进行洗涤、计数,并在室温下与指定剂量的JY102一起孵育0.5小时。随后,将效应细胞与JY102以5:1的效应子:靶标(E:T)比率一起添加到靶细胞中,并在37℃下孵育24小时。根据制造商的方案,将20μl MTS(购自Promega,Inc)添加到每个孔中。检测OD490 nm处的吸光度,根据下公式计算死细胞百分比:
细胞毒性%=1-(OD实验-ODPBMC)/(OD靶标-OD培养基)。
在此公式中,OD实验是指含有JY102、效应细胞和靶标的孔在按设计的E:T比率下的OD490。ODPBMC是指指定JY102剂量在仅效应细胞而没有靶细胞的情况下的OD490。OD靶标是指既没有JY102也没有效应细胞而仅有靶细胞的情况下的OD490。OD培养基是指在无JY102、效应细胞或靶细胞的情况下等体积培养基的OD490。
如图3所示,细胞毒性是药物特异性的,其减去了仅由效应细胞(未添加JY102)介导的针对靶标的背景细胞毒性。结果表明,JY102在效应T细胞存在下有效裂解CD47表达细胞。JY102对ZR75-1的EC50值(用GraphPad Prism 6拟合的4参数逻辑非线性回归模型分析)为111.2ng/mL,表明JY102对靶细胞具有显著的细胞毒性。此外,JY102对靶细胞表现出剂量依赖性杀伤作用。
值得注意的是,这里显示的JY102的细胞毒性仅通过BiTE的机制产生影响,因为该测定中使用的效应细胞是T细胞增殖的PBMC,几乎没有任何残留的吞噬细胞。当使用具有正常吞噬细胞水平的新鲜PBMC时,可以合理地预期JY102的疗效会更好,因为JY102还具有CD47阻断机制,可以激活吞噬细胞以杀伤癌细胞。
实施例7.证明化合物12(JY102)对红细胞的非凡安全性的体外血凝实验(图4)
恒定和高水平的CD47作为红细胞(RBC)的自身标志物发挥作用,可防止被吞噬细胞清除。随着红细胞老化,细胞表面CD47水平逐渐降低,红细胞最终会通过脾脏的吞噬作用被清除(Burger,P.等人,2012,offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft furTransfusionsmedizin und Immunhamatologie,39(5),p348-352)。巨噬细胞和其他吞噬细胞依靠CD47的存在与否来区分自身或外来红细胞。CD47/SIRPα可能代表控制溶血性贫血的潜在途径。由于当前抗CD47抗体对CD47的阻断在临床上经常导致贫血,我们通过体外血凝(HA)测定检测了化合物12(JY102)对红细胞的影响,其揭示了CD47抗体是否与红细胞结合并诱导HA的形成和随后的细胞死亡(US20140140989 A1)。
为了进行HA测定,从健康供体获得全血、红细胞(RBC)和PBMC,清洗并重悬。将如图4所示最终浓度的抗体(JY102或对照抗CD47 mAb CC2C6)添加到圆底96孔微孔板中的RBC中,并在37℃下孵育2-4小时。HA形成的结果可以通过肉眼观察到。弥漫的朦胧图案表示HA,而孔中的小点状圆圈表示没有HA。在图4中,组A、B和C显示了JY102(每组图的上排)和CC2C6(购买的已知可诱导HA的抗CD47)以1:3连续稀释的浓度,其中JY102的起始浓度为1500μg/mL,CC2C6的起始浓度为10μg/mL。在组D中,JY102和用于制备JY102的CD47 scFv(SCACD47)的1:3系列稀释的起始浓度为2250μg/mL,而对照CC2C6的起始浓度为5μg/mL。
结果清楚地表明,无论是在2% RBC、1:5稀释的全血还是2% RBC加新鲜分离的PBMC(105)中,JY102在最高达1.5mg/mL的高浓度下都不会诱导HA形成。即使在2.25mg/mL的最高浓度下,对于JY102和SCACD47也没有观察到HA。然而,对于众所周知的诱导HA的对照抗体CC2C6,结果表明在0.12μg/mL的低浓度下,CC2C6已经开始诱导明显的HA形成。
实施例8:细胞凋亡测定证明化合物12(JY102)对T细胞具有非凡的安全性(图5)
T细胞也表达高水平的CD47。治疗性CD47阻断剂经常报告的副作用是淋巴细胞减少,其包括B细胞、T细胞和NK细胞的减少。本实验的目的是检查化合物12是否诱导T细胞凋亡。尽管抗CD47抗体可以增强T细胞免疫(Wu,L.等人,2018,OncoImmunology,7(4),pe1397248),但随着血细胞群中T细胞的大量减少,这种作用可能会受到损害或消除。
膜联蛋白V-FITC(Annexin V-FITC)和PI(4ABIOTECH,目录号FXP018)分别用于检测早期和晚期凋亡细胞。来自健康人供体的增殖的PBMC用作该测定的T细胞来源。细胞凋亡测定前,PBMC按照改良的T细胞增殖方案培养2-3周,其中T细胞占大多数:第14天,CD19+B细胞仅占2.97%,而CD3+T细胞在增殖的群体中占98.8%。
为了进行实验,将图5中所示最终浓度的抗体添加到圆底96孔微孔板中的增殖PBMC(增殖T细胞)中,并在37℃下孵育24小时。随后收获细胞并在冷磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)中洗涤,然后以1×106个细胞/mL的浓度重悬于1X膜联蛋白结合缓冲液中。为了染色凋亡细胞,每100μL细胞悬液中加入5μL膜联蛋白V和5μL PI。将细胞在黑暗中在室温下孵育15分钟。孵育后,加入400μL 1X膜联蛋白结合缓冲液,轻柔混合,样品置于冰上。立即通过流式细胞术分析染色的细胞。
结果表明,在100μg/mL JY102的高浓度下,凋亡的T细胞(增殖的PBMC)为16.13%(Q2和Q3二者),仅比对照T细胞高5.9%。对于与10μg/mL浓度的JY102一起孵育的细胞,凋亡细胞为9.74%,其与对照样品的10.23%几乎相同,这表明JY102在该浓度下不诱导T细胞凋亡。虽然没有与其他CD47阻断剂进行头对头比较,但报告的由10μg/mL Hu5F9-G4诱导的T细胞凋亡高达70%。即使对于一些正在商业开发的改进型抗CD47 mAb(CN 111253488A),细胞凋亡率仍然高达45%。
实施例9:显示化合物12(JY102)对RBC和BxPC3细胞的不同亲和力的体外结合测定(图6)
由于JY102对红细胞和T细胞均表现出非凡的安全性,同时保持了诱导肿瘤细胞的细胞毒性的作用,因此有动机探索其背后的机制。因此进行JY102的结合测定以检查其对靶细胞的亲和力。
同样,收集来自健康人供体或培养的BxPC3细胞的RBC细胞,并在冰冷的PBS、3%BSA中重悬至浓度为约5x106个细胞/mL。每次结合反应使用100μl细胞悬液,并与指定剂量的JY102-Alexa Fluor 488在室温(或对于组C中的测定4℃)在黑暗中孵育至少30分钟。然后通过在400g下离心5分钟将细胞洗涤3次,并重悬于冰冷的PBS、3% BSA中。每个样品进行流式细胞术分析。
图6中的组A和组B同时进行了测定。结果表明,在10μg/mL的浓度下,JY102染色的RBC为0.551%,而JY102结合的BxPC3细胞为22.1%,结合上相差40倍。在100μg/mL JY102的浓度下,只有7.24%的RBC染色呈阳性,而被染色的BxPC3细胞高达89.3%。在250μg/mL的更高浓度下,JY102染色的RBC仅为19.9%(图6中的组C)。JY102对RBC和肿瘤细胞BxPC3的巨大亲和力差异可能是由于先前报道的RBC膜中的糖基化模式(Meng,Q.等人,Front Neurosci,2020.14,p131)。JY102中PEG对CD47 scFv的结构修饰也可能有所贡献。
实施例10:JY102和JY102-BiTE的靶标结合测定(图7和图8)
然后使用标准ELISA测定法测试JY102(化合物12)和JY102-BiTE(化合物13)的靶结合能力。
与人CD3蛋白结合:
对于CD3靶标结合实验,96孔板在4℃下用200ng/孔人CD3ε和CD3δ异二聚体蛋白(MALS验证)(Acro,cat:CDD-H52W1-50μg)包被过夜。第二天,在3次PBS洗涤之后,用1% BSA(在PBST中)在37℃将经包被的板封闭2小时,然后用3xPBS洗涤。然后将JY102或JY102-BiTE,或SCACD3-PEG(化合物11)的两个测试批次中的一个以15μg/mL加入用于第一次重复,然后依次加入每种化合物的1:3系列稀释液,生成7种不同浓度的JY102(批号:2020081202)、JY102-BiTE(批号:20201028)、SCACD3-PEG-1(批号:20201020-1)或SCACD3-PEG-2(批号:20201020-2)。在37℃孵育1小时并随后3xPBS洗涤后,将50ng抗PEG(IBMS,代码:6.3-PABG-B,Lot1-4)添加到每个孔中,并将板在37℃下进一步孵育1小时,然后进行3xPBS洗涤。然后将50μl稀释的过氧化物结合链霉蛋白(1:5000)添加到每个孔中,并将板在37℃下再孵育1小时,然后用3xPBS洗涤。将100μl TMB溶液添加到每个孔中,并将板在室温下孵育,直到获得期望的信号。加入100μl STOP溶液并测量450nm处的吸光度。分析数据并计算人CD3结合的EC50。
图7所示结果表明,对于两批次SCACD3-PEG,CD3靶标结合的EC50非常接近,而JY102和JY102-BiTE对CD3的结合低于SCACD3-PEG,这可能是由于添加到化合物11中的额外scFv(SCACD47)的空间位阻效应并且在预期范围内。与SCACD3-PEG相比,JY102和JY102-BiTE的减少的CD3结合是期望的,因为与CD3的高结合可能会在体内引起严重的副作用,而较低的结合亲和力将有助于避免T细胞的命中靶-脱瘤细胞毒性和细胞因子释放,如在Her2xCD3BsAb中所证明的(Junttila,T.等人,2014,Cancer Res,74(19):5561-71;Slaga,D.等人,2018,Sci Transl Med,10(463):eaat5775)。
与人CD47蛋白结合:
在本实验中,检查了JY102和JY102-BiTE与靶标CD47的结合。ELISA方法与先前CD3蛋白结合实验中描述的方法相同,不同之处在于包被试剂为人CD47蛋白、Fc标签(HPLC验证;Acro,cat:CD7-H5256-100μg)以及检测抗体是抗SCACD3(GenScript开发的SZEB属性,克隆7E2G5E3,批号:C9193E180/DD2004650)。包被和检测试剂一起可以测量JY102(批号:2020081202)和JY102-BiTE(批号:20201028)的完整分子。
如图8所示,JY102和JY102-BiTE对人CD47蛋白都具有非常高的亲和力,JY102对靶标的结合亲和力(EC50:187.1ng/mL)甚至高于JY102-BiTE对靶标的结合亲和力(EC50:426.8ng/mL)。
实施例11.JY102的药代动力学研究
JY102的药代动力学在以1mg/kg体重的浓度静脉注射到野生型C57BL/6小鼠体内后测定。由于啮齿动物中PEG化缀合物的半衰期通常比人类短5倍(US 2011/0112021 A1),因此在本研究中可能需要约10小时或更长的半衰期以用于JY201在人中可能的每周药物施用。
本研究使用健康野生型雄性C57BL/6小鼠(体重约25g,n=3)。小鼠以单次注射1mg/kg JY102进行尾部静脉注射。在不同时间点(给药前、3分钟、10分钟、30分钟、注射后1、2、5、24、48、72和96小时),通过眶后取血法取约0.1mL血样并置于含有肝素钠的试管中。在室温下静置30分钟后,将样品在4℃离心,收集血清并在-80℃冷冻直至进行测定。
使用ELISA测定法测定每个时间点血清样品中的JY102浓度。包被试剂和检测抗体与实施例10中CD47靶标结合测定的实验相同。用已知浓度的JY102标准样品建立校准曲线(图9(A)),从校准曲线计算每个血清样品中JY102的浓度。然后将这些血清浓度对时间作图,如图9(B)所示,由此获得PK数据,如图9(C)和(D)所示。
图9(C)和(D)的结果表明,JY102在C57BL/6小鼠中的清除半衰期为18.42小时,可以满足临床情况下的每周给药方案。
应当注意的是,在研究终点(96小时)的浓度仍然高达175ng/mL至350ng/mL,如图9(B)所示,其在JY102诱导对肿瘤细胞的细胞毒性的工作浓度范围内。
实施例12:JY102对PBMC人源化小鼠的初步毒性评估
对PBMC人源化小鼠进行了JY102的初步急性毒性研究。5x106人PBMC静脉注射到在先前描述的研究(Xiao,J.等人,2019,Cell death&disease 10,p777;Feng,M.等人2019,Nat Rev Cancer 19,p568-586;Matlung,H.L.,2017,Immunol Rev 276,p145-164)中使用的20只免疫缺陷NPSG(NOD-PrkdcscidIl2rgnull)雄性小鼠(6周龄)中。三周后,对每只动物进行血液取样以对人CD45、CD3和CD14的荧光标记信号进行流式细胞术分析(使用与实施例8中描述的相同方法),以评估体内PBMC重建状态。被人PBMC良好重建的15只动物被分成三组进行不同的处理(n=5/组)。JY102组和Hu5F9-G4动物分别静脉施用30mg/kg的单剂量,载体组动物仅接受单剂量PBS。药物施用后进行每日观察和体重测量(图10)。
从图10的结果可以看出,Hu5F9-G4在药物静脉注射的1小时内诱导了60%(5个中的3个,n=5)的死亡和20%(5个中的1个)的接近死亡,而JY102没有产生死亡或接近死亡,除了注射后导致一只动物的苍白皮肤外也没有任何可观察到的注射引起的毒性。在为期2周的实验跨度中,JY102耐受性良好,未观察到异常活动或体重波动。JY102组第12天的单只动物死亡可能是由PBMC而不是JY102的毒性引起的。
尽管JY102的进一步开发需要进行更多的毒性研究,但该初步实验的结果表明JY102的安全性优于Hu5F9-G4。
实施例13:JY102在抑制肿瘤生长方面表现出预期的功效
为了评估JY102的肿瘤抑制效果,使用实施例12中描述的方法通过静脉注射5x106PBMC将NPSG小鼠(6周龄)人源化。PBMC注射一周后,将1x106BxPC3肿瘤细胞皮下接种到每只动物。肿瘤细胞注射后第二天(设置为第0天),对于每组(n=7)施用剂量为75μg/动物的Hu5F9-G4以及剂量为75μg/动物、25μg/动物、8.3μg/动物和2.8μg/动物的JY102。随后的剂量如下进行:JY102以每隔一天的频率施用,Hu5F9-G4组每10天给药一次。载体组动物仅接受PBS处理。每周两次测量肿瘤的大小和体重。结果总结在图11中。
与对照组相比,所有处理均显著抑制BxPC3肿瘤生长(对照组与4个处理组中的任何一个相比,p<0.05)。实验结束时,对照组肿瘤大小为536.1±326.6mm3,最小剂量(2.8μg/动物或0.014mg/kg)组肿瘤大小为174.9±51.4mm3(67.4%抑制)。值得注意的是,JY102各处理组间没有显著疗效差异(p>0.05),说明本实验尚未达到最低疗效剂量。虽然Hu5F9-G4也抑制了69.1%的肿瘤生长,但剂量(75μg/动物或3.5mg/kg)是最小JY102剂量的23倍以上。由于本实验是在PBMC人源化小鼠上进行的,可能存在不可预测的PBMC毒性,这可能导致观察到的对照组动物死亡和JY102(8.3μg)处理组的体重下降。
序列表
<110> 深圳康源久远生物技术有限公司
<120> 靶向CD3和CD47的长效双特异性T细胞衔接器
<130> F21W0106
<150> PCT/CN2020/129349
<151> 2020-11-17
<160> 3
<170> PatentIn 版本 3.5
<210> 1
<211> 244
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> SCACD3的氨基酸序列
<400> 1
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<210> 2
<211> 244
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> SCACD47的氨基酸序列
<400> 2
Asp Ile Val Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Leu Ser Leu Pro Val Thr Pro Gly
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Glu Pro Ala Ser Ile Ser Cys Arg Ser Ser Gln Ser Ile Val Tyr Ser
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Asn Gly Asn Thr Tyr Leu Gly Trp Tyr Leu Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Ser
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<223> SCACD47/SCACD3 BiTE的氨基酸序列
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Asp Ile Val Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Leu Ser Leu Pro Val Thr Pro Gly
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Claims (30)
2.权利要求1的化合物,其中所述抗CD3抗体和所述抗CD47抗体缺乏所述Fc区。
3.权利要求1或2的化合物,其中所述抗CD3抗体和所述抗CD47抗体各自独立地选自Fab、单链抗体和纳米抗体(单结构域抗体)。
4.权利要求1-3中任一项的化合物,其中所述针对(L1)a-A1和(L2)b-A2的T的两个连接基、所述(L1)a和A1之间的连接基、所述(L2)b和A2之间的连接基以及所述(L1)a或(L2)b内的连接基各自独立地衍生自选自以下的官能团:卤代烷、酰卤、醛、酮、酯、酸酐、羧酸、酰胺、胺、酰肼、烷基肼、羟基、环氧化物、硫醇、马来酰亚胺、2-吡啶基二硫基变体、芳族或乙烯基砜、丙烯酸酯、溴代或碘代乙酰胺、叠氮化物、烯烃、炔烃、二苯并环辛炔(DBCO)、2-氨基-苯甲醛或2-氨基-乙酰苯基团、酰肼、肟、酰基三氟硼酸钾、O-氨基甲酰基羟胺、反式环辛烯、四嗪和三芳基膦。
5.权利要求1-4中任一项的化合物,其中L1和L2各自包含独立地选自以下的间隔物:-(CH2)mXY(CH2)n-、-X(CH2)mO(CH2CH2O)p(CH2)nY-、-(CH2)mX-Y(CH2)n-、-(CH2)杂环基-、-(CH2)mX-、-X(CH2)mY-和氨基酸或具有2至50个氨基酸残基的肽;其中,m、n和p在每种情况下独立地为0至25范围内的整数;X和Y在每种情况下独立地选自C(=O)、CR1R2、NR3、S、O或无,其中R1和R2独立地代表氢、C1-10烷基或(CH2)1-10C(=O),R3是H或C1-10烷基,并且其中所述杂环基衍生自马来酰亚胺基、应变烯烃和炔烃、叠氮化物或四唑基部分。
6.权利要求1-5中任一项的化合物,其中P包含聚乙二醇(PEG)、右旋糖酐、碳水化合物基聚合物、聚环氧烷、聚乙烯醇、羟丙基-甲基丙烯酰胺(HPMA)或其共聚物。
7.权利要求1-6中任一项的化合物,其中P包含PEG并且B是甲基或C1-10烷基。
8.权利要求1-7中任一项的化合物,其中P包含分子量范围为3000Da至80000Da的PEG。
9.权利要求1-8中任一项的化合物,其中P包含直链PEG。
10.权利要求1-8中任一项的化合物,其中P包含支链PEG。
11.权利要求1-10中任一项的化合物,其中所述T至P的连接基是可裂解的。
12.权利要求1-11中任一项的化合物,其中所述T至P的连接基选自酰胺、酯、氨基甲酸酯、碳酸酯、酰亚胺、亚胺、腙、砜、醚、硫醚、硫酯和二硫化物。
13.权利要求1-12中任一项的化合物,其中T衍生自选自以下的天然或非天然氨基酸:半胱氨酸、赖氨酸、天冬酰胺、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、组氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸或遗传编码的烯烃赖氨酸(如N6-(己-5-烯酰基)-L-赖氨酸)、2-氨基-8-氧代壬酸、间或对乙酰基苯丙氨酸、带有β-二酮侧链的氨基酸(如2-氨基-3-(4-(3-氧代丁酰基)苯基)丙酸)、(S)-2-氨基-6-(((1R,2R)-2-叠氮基环戊氧基)羰基氨基)己酸、叠氮基高丙氨酸、吡咯赖氨酸类似物N6-((丙-2-炔-1-基氧基)羰基)-L-赖氨酸、(S)-2-氨基-6-戊-4-炔酰氨基己酸、(S)-2-氨基-6-((丙-2-炔基氧基)羰基氨基)己酸、(S)-2-氨基-6-((2-叠氮基乙氧基)羰基氨基)己酸、对叠氮基苯丙氨酸、对叠氮基苯丙氨酸、Nε-丙烯酰基-l-赖氨酸、Nε-5-降冰片烯-2-基氧基羰基-l-赖氨酸、N-ε-(环辛-2-炔-1-基氧基)羰基)-L-赖氨酸、N-氨-(2-(环辛-2-炔-1-基氧基)乙基)羰基-L-赖氨酸、以及遗传编码的四嗪氨基酸(例如4-(6-甲基-s-四嗪-3-基)氨基苯丙氨酸)。
14.权利要求13的化合物,其中T衍生自赖氨酸或半胱氨酸。
15.权利要求1-14中任一项的化合物,其中P衍生自具有末端马来酰亚胺或2-吡啶基二硫基变体或芳族砜或乙烯基砜的PEG,T衍生自半胱氨酸,并且所述P和T之间的连接基是硫醚或二硫化物。
16.权利要求15的化合物,其中P衍生自具有末端马来酰亚胺的PEG,并且其中(L1)a-T-(L2)b是具有3-100个氨基酸残基的肽,例如3-50个氨基酸残基的肽。
17.权利要求1-16中任一项的化合物,其中所述抗CD3抗体是抗CD3单链抗体和/或所述抗CD47抗体是抗CD47单链抗体。
20.权利要求17-19的化合物,其中所述抗CD3抗体包含SEQ ID NO:1所示的氨基酸序列。
21.权利要求17-20中任一项的化合物,其中所述抗CD47抗体包含SEQ ID NO:2中所示的氨基酸序列。
24.缀合物,其包含权利要求1-21中任一项的化合物和一个或多个与所述化合物缀合的效应物部分。
25.权利要求24的缀合物,其中所述一个或多个效应物部分选自细胞毒性剂、化疗剂、生长抑制剂、毒素和放射性同位素。
26.药物组合物,其包含权利要求1-21中任一项的化合物或权利要求24或25的缀合物,以及任选地药学上可接受的载剂、赋形剂或稳定剂。
27.权利要求26的药物组合物,其进一步包含另外的治疗剂。
28.权利要求27的药物组合物,其中所述另外的治疗剂选自细胞毒性剂、化疗剂、抗体、抗体药物缀合物和小分子药物。
29.治疗有需要的受试者的疾病的方法,其包括施用有效量的权利要求1-21中任一项的化合物、权利要求24或25的缀合物或权利要求26-28中任一项的药物组合物。
30.权利要求29的方法,其中所述疾病是选自以下的癌症:乳腺癌、卵巢癌、前列腺癌、肺癌、胰腺癌、肾癌、膀胱癌、胃癌、结肠癌、结直肠癌、唾液腺癌、甲状腺癌和子宫内膜癌。
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