CN115684701B - High-resolution wide-range magnetic modulation type direct current sensor based on differential demodulation - Google Patents
High-resolution wide-range magnetic modulation type direct current sensor based on differential demodulation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-resolution wide-range magnetic modulation type direct current sensor based on differential demodulation, which is composed of a magnetic balance type composite magnet structure, an excitation demodulation unit, a negative feedback unit and a signal output unit. The invention combines the closed loop structure and the open loop structure of the traditional magnetic modulator, and adaptively switches the closed loop and open loop measurement modes according to the open loop measurement result output by the excitation demodulation unit, and the measurement range of the current sensor covers microampere level to hundreds of milliampere level; meanwhile, in the closed-loop negative feedback measurement result, the open-loop structure is utilized to additionally detect the differential current of the negative feedback current and the primary current, so that the closed-loop negative feedback measurement result is corrected and compensated, the measurement resolution and accuracy of the large direct current leakage current are improved, and a data basis is laid for advanced application of an intelligent power grid such as insulation state monitoring.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electrical measurement, in particular to a high-resolution wide-range magnetic modulation type direct current sensor based on differential demodulation.
Background
In recent years, with the progress of the electronic technology level, the electric power equipment is also rapidly developed. However, for a power device to operate safely and stably, it is necessary to measure the voltage, current, power, and other parameters in its circuit accurately and in real time. The non-contact weak direct current sensor is one of important sensing devices, and is widely used for monitoring system states of power equipment, instruments and meters and the like.
The weak direct current leakage current is one of the key indexes for monitoring the state of electrical equipment such as instruments and meters, sleeve valves and the like in real time. However, the dc leakage current has a large fluctuation range, and can be increased from microamperes in good condition to hundreds of milliamperes in degraded condition, which puts severe demands on the resolution of the contactless dc sensor. In addition, the state fault location also depends on a direct current sensor, the higher the accuracy of the sensor is, the larger the measuring range is, the larger the fault detection range is, and the more accurate the reflected degradation trend is. Current mature current sensors can be classified according to different principles: a hall current sensor, an optical current sensor, a magnetoresistive current sensor, and a magnetic modulating current sensor. The magnetic modulation type current sensor has the characteristics of high resolution, high sensitivity and high accuracy, so that the magnetic modulation type current sensor is widely applied to weak current measurement.
The magnetic modulation type current sensor can be divided into a closed-loop structure and an open-loop structure, the closed-loop structure is suitable for heavy current measurement, and the open-loop structure is more suitable for weak current measurement. However, the open-loop magnetic modulation current sensor is subject to the magnetic characteristics of the magnetic core, and the measurement range is narrow. Under the condition of realizing accurate measurement of microampere current, the measurement range can only reach milliampere level, and cannot reach hundreds of milliampere level, so that the measurement requirement of direct current leakage current cannot be met. Therefore, a novel high-resolution wide-range current sensor is urgently needed, the measuring range covers microampere level to hundred milliampere level, the measuring accuracy of direct current leakage current is further improved, and a data foundation is laid for advanced application of intelligent power grids such as insulation state monitoring.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high-resolution wide-range direct current sensor based on differential demodulation, which aims to accurately measure direct current leakage current with a large fluctuation range, lay a data foundation for a state evaluation method of instruments and meters of a power system and guarantee normal and stable operation of the power system.
The invention provides a high-resolution wide-range direct current sensor based on differential demodulation, the device comprises a magnetic balance type composite magnet structure, an excitation demodulation unit, a negative feedback unit and a signal output unit;
the magnetic balance type composite magnet structure comprises a magnetism gathering magnet, a negative feedback winding and a magnetic modulation type structure, the magnetic balance type composite magnet structure is in a closed ring shape, and a primary direct current to be detected passes through the inner side of the ring;
the magnetism gathering magnet is composed of a plurality of annular closed magnetic cores, the plurality of annular closed magnetic cores form an internal hollow structure, the magnetism gathering magnet is uniformly wound with the negative feedback winding, and the negative feedback winding applies negative feedback direct current to the magnetic modulation type structure under the action of the negative feedback unit to balance primary direct current to be measured;
the magnetic modulation type structure is embedded in the hollow structure of the high-frequency alternating current balance magnet and is used for detecting primary direct current to be detected;
the excitation demodulation unit is used for providing square wave excitation signals for the magnetic modulation structure, enabling the magnetic modulation structure to be in a normal working state, performing analog-to-digital conversion and signal demodulation on output voltage signals of the magnetic modulation structure, and finally transmitting signal demodulation results to the negative feedback unit and the signal output unit;
after receiving the signal demodulation result output by the excitation demodulation unit, the negative feedback unit firstly performs negative feedback control judgment, calculates an expected negative feedback voltage value according to the judgment result, and finally outputs negative feedback direct current to the negative feedback winding through the current limiting resistor;
the signal output unit is used for acquiring the voltage value of the current-limiting resistor in the negative feedback unit, and finally calculating to obtain a signal current measurement value by combining the signal demodulation result of the excitation demodulation unit.
Compared with the prior art, the high-resolution wide-range direct current sensor based on the differential demodulation has the following beneficial effects that:
1. the high-resolution wide-range magnetic modulation type direct current sensor based on the differential demodulation combines the closed loop structure and the open loop structure of the traditional magnetic modulator, and can adaptively adjust the measurement mode according to the amplitude of the direct current to be measured, so that the measurement range of the magnetic modulation type current sensor is widened, and the detection capability of the direct current leakage current is improved.
2. In a closed loop feedback structure for large current measurement, the high-resolution wide-range magnetic modulation type direct current sensor based on the differential demodulation additionally detects the differential current of the negative feedback current and the primary current through the open loop structure, so that the closed loop feedback measurement result is corrected and compensated, the measurement resolution and accuracy of large direct current leakage current are improved, and a data foundation is laid for advanced applications of an intelligent power grid such as insulation state monitoring.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-resolution wide-range direct current sensor based on differential demodulation according to the present invention.
In the drawings, each reference numeral represents an element or structure:
1. the device comprises a magnetism gathering magnet, 2, a negative feedback winding, 3, a magnetic core of a magnetic modulator, 4, an excitation winding, 5, a detection winding, 6, a square wave excitation source, 7, a signal acquisition module, 8, a signal demodulation module, 9, a negative feedback regulation and control module, 10, a PID control module, 11, a controlled voltage module, 12, a current limiting resistor, 13, a voltage acquisition module, 14 and a signal synthesis processing module.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. In addition, technical features of various embodiments or individual embodiments provided by the present invention may be arbitrarily combined with each other to form a feasible technical solution, and such combination is not limited by the sequence of steps and/or the structural composition mode, but must be realized by a person skilled in the art, and when the technical solution combination is contradictory or cannot be realized, such a technical solution combination should not be considered to exist and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a high-resolution wide-range magnetic modulation type direct current sensor based on differential demodulation, which aims to accurately measure direct current leakage current with a large fluctuation range, lay a data foundation for a state evaluation method of instruments and meters of a power system and guarantee normal and stable operation of the power system.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a high resolution wide range dc sensor based on differential demodulation, as shown in fig. 1, the high resolution wide range dc sensor based on differential demodulation includes a magnetic balance type composite magnet structure, an excitation demodulation unit, a negative feedback unit, and a signal output unit.
The magnetic balance type composite magnet structure comprises a magnetism gathering magnet 1, a negative feedback winding 2 and a magnetic modulation type structure, the magnetic balance type composite magnet structure is in a closed ring shape, and the inner side of the ring is used for a primary direct current to be detected to pass through.
The magnetic gathering magnet 1 is composed of a plurality of annular closed magnetic cores, the plurality of annular closed magnetic cores form an internal hollow structure, the negative feedback winding 2 is uniformly wound on the magnetic gathering magnet 1, and the negative feedback winding 2 applies negative feedback direct current to the magnetic modulation type structure under the action of the negative feedback unit to balance primary direct current to be measured. In the embodiment of the invention, the magnetism gathering magnet 1 is composed of four circular ring-shaped closed magnetic cores, the four circular ring-shaped closed magnetic cores form an internal hollow structure, the magnetism gathering magnet 1 is uniformly wound with the negative feedback winding 2, and the number of turns of the negative feedback winding 2 isN s And (4) turning.
The magnetic modulation type structure is embedded in the hollow structure of the high-frequency alternating current balance magnet and is used for detecting primary direct current to be detected.
The excitation demodulation unit is used for providing a square wave excitation signal for the magnetic modulation structure, enabling the magnetic modulation structure to be in a normal working state, performing analog-to-digital conversion and signal demodulation on an output voltage signal of the magnetic modulation structure, and finally transmitting a signal demodulation result to the negative feedback unit and the signal output unit.
After receiving the signal demodulation result output by the excitation demodulation unit, the negative feedback unit firstly performs negative feedback control judgment, calculates an expected negative feedback voltage value according to the judgment result, and finally outputs negative feedback direct current to the negative feedback winding 2 through the current limiting resistor 12.
The signal output unit is used for acquiring the voltage value of the current limiting resistor 12 in the negative feedback unit, and finally calculating to obtain a signal current measurement value by combining the signal demodulation result of the excitation demodulation unit.
The magnetism collecting magnet 1 is made of soft magnetic materials with high magnetic permeability and low saturation intensity, and is used for collecting magnetic lines of force so as to improve the sensitivity of direct current measurement. The magnetic modulation structure comprises 2 magnetic modulator magnetic cores 3, an excitation winding 4 and a detection winding 5, wherein the excitation winding 4 and the detection winding 5 are uniformly wound on the 2 magnetic modulator magnetic cores 3 of the magnetic modulation structure, and the excitation winding 4 and the detection winding 5 are reversely connected in series.
The excitation demodulation unit comprises a square wave excitation source 6, a signal acquisition module 7 and a signal demodulation module 8; the square wave excitation source 6 is composed of a high-performance rectifying circuit and outputs fundamental wave angular frequency of
The magnetic modulation structure is a square wave voltage source with strictly symmetrical positive and negative, and the magnetic cores 3 of the 2 magnetic modulators of the magnetic modulation structure are in an alternate positive and negative saturation state through the exciting winding 4, so that the magnetic modulation structure is in a normal working state; the signal acquisition module 7 is composed of high-precision analog-to-digital conversion equipment and is used for converting the output voltage of the detection winding 5 in the magnetic modulation structure into a digital signal U D And the digital signal U is converted into a digital signal D To the signal demodulation module 8; the signal demodulation module 8 demodulates the digital signal U output by the signal acquisition module 7 D And analyzing and demodulating the signal, and respectively transmitting the direct current demodulated value to the negative feedback unit and the signal output unit.
Understandably, the signal demodulation module 8 processes the digital signal U output by the signal acquisition module 7 D Performing signal analysis and demodulation, comprising:
s1, outputting digital signal U to signal acquisition module 7 D Performing windowed Fourier analysis, wherein the expression is as follows:
wherein,WFis a window function.
S2, extracting output voltage U D Second harmonic voltage component amplitude U 2 And phase
In combination with the proportionality coefficient of the magnetically modulated structureKPreliminarily obtaining the DC demodulated valueI dc ；
Wherein the proportionality coefficientKRelating to a parameter of the magnetic modulation scheme structure;
s3, demodulating the direct currentI dc And the signal is transmitted to the negative feedback unit and the signal output unit.
As an embodiment, the negative feedback unit includes a negative feedback regulation module 9, a PID control module 10, a controlled voltage module 11, and a current limiting resistor 12; the negative feedback regulation and control module 9 receives the direct current demodulated value output by the signal demodulation module 8I dc According to the DC current demodulation valueI dc Amplitude acquisition control instructionC d And demodulating the regulation command and the DC currentI dc And outputs to the PID control module 10.
Regulating instructionsC d The calculation method is as follows:
wherein,I L a threshold is initiated for negative feedback.
Wherein, the PID control module 10 demodulates the value based on the DC current outputted by the signal demodulation module 8I dc And regulation instructionC d Calculating the negative feedback voltage U required to be output by the negative feedback unit n The expression is as follows:
wherein R is the resistance of the current limiting resistor 12,Ns2 turns of negative feedback winding;Kp、T i and
is a PID control parameter.
The controlled voltage module 11 is powered by high performance electricityA source chip for outputting accurate and stable negative feedback voltage U under the control of the PID control module 10 n 。
As an embodiment, the signal output unit includes a voltage acquisition module 13 and a signal synthesis processing module 14; the voltage acquisition module 13 is composed of high-precision analog-to-digital conversion equipment and is used for converting the sampling voltage value of the current-limiting resistor 12 in the negative feedback unit into a digital signal U R And the digital voltage signal U is converted into a digital voltage signal R To the signal synthesis processing module 14; the signal synthesis processing module 14 synthesizes and processes the digital voltage signal U R And DC current demodulation valueI dc Calculating to obtain final current measurement valueI m The expression is as follows:
the invention combines the closed loop structure and the open loop structure of the traditional magnetic modulator, and can adaptively adjust the measurement mode according to the amplitude of the current to be measured, thereby widening the measurement range of the current sensor of the magnetic modulation type and improving the detection capability of the direct current leakage current. In addition, in a closed loop feedback structure for large current measurement, the open loop structure is used for additionally detecting the differential current of the negative feedback current and the primary current, so that the closed loop feedback measurement result is corrected, the measurement resolution and accuracy of the large direct current leakage current are improved, and a data base is laid for advanced applications of an intelligent power grid such as insulation state monitoring.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-resolution wide-range magnetic modulation dc sensor based on differential demodulation, which includes four parts, namely, a magnetic balance type composite magnet structure, an excitation demodulation unit, a negative feedback unit, and a signal output unit. The magnetic balance type composite magnet structure comprises a magnetism gathering magnet 1, a negative feedback winding 2, a magnetic core 3 of a magnetic modulator, an excitation winding 4 and a detection winding 5; the excitation demodulation unit comprises a square wave excitation source 6, a signal acquisition module 7 and a signal demodulation module 8; the negative feedback unit comprises a negative feedback regulation and control module 9, a PID control module 10, a controlled voltage module 11 and a current-limiting resistor 12; the signal output unit comprises a voltage acquisition module 13 and a signal synthesis processing module 14.
In this embodiment, the negative feedback activation threshold
Is defined as 1 mA, while the dc current to be measured at one time is defined as 0.8 mA.
At this time, the signal acquisition module 7 converts the output voltage of the magnetic modulation type structure detection winding 4 into a digital signal U D Signal demodulation module 8 pairs of digital signals U D Performing windowed Fourier analysis, defining window function as Hanning window, and obtaining second harmonic voltage component amplitude U 2 And phase
. The primary DC to be measured is positive, so the phase position
Will be greater than 0 and therefore the DC current demodulated valueI dc =0.8 mA。
DC current demodulation valueI dc Is transmitted to a negative feedback regulation module 9 because of the DC demodulated valueI dc Less than a negative feedback enable thresholdI L Thus regulating the instructionC d =0,negative feedback voltage output by PID control module 10U n =0, so that no current passes through the negative feedback winding 2, and the sampled voltage value U of the current-limiting resistor R =0。
Therefore, the signal synthesis processing module 14 is based on the voltage signal U R Demodulated from DC currentI dc Calculating to obtain final current measurement valueI m =0.8 mA。
In another alternative embodiment, the negative feedback enables a thresholdI L Is defined as 1 mA, and a DC current to be measured is simultaneously measuredDefined as 100 mA, current limiting resistance R =10 Ω;
at this time, the signal acquisition module 7 converts the output voltage of the magnetic modulation type structure detection winding 5 into a digital signal U D Signal demodulation module 8 pairs of digital signals U D Performing windowed Fourier analysis, defining window function as Hanning window, and obtaining second harmonic voltage component amplitude U 2 And phase
. The primary DC to be measured is positive, so the phase position
Will be greater than 0. Because the primary current value to be measured is large, the direct current demodulation value obtained by primary calculation has large error and cannot be strictly equal to 100 mA according to the magnetic characteristics of the magnetic core, and the assumption is made that the direct current demodulation value is large at the momentI dc =80 mA。
Direct current demodulation valueI dc Is transmitted to a negative feedback regulation module 9 because of the DC demodulated valueI dc Greater than a negative feedback enable thresholdI L Thus regulating the instructionC d =1, negative feedback voltage U output by PID control module 10 n And 0, so that a negative feedback current passes through the negative feedback winding, and the negative feedback current and a magnetic field generated by the primary direct current to be detected are mutually offset.
After multiple feedback calculations, the negative feedback current reaches a stable value, and the direct current demodulates the valueI dc =1 mA ", sampling voltage value U of current limiting resistor at this moment R =990 mV。
Therefore, the signal synthesis processing module is based on the voltage signal U R And DC current demodulation valueI dc Calculating to obtain final current measurement value
。
The high-resolution wide-range magnetic modulation type direct current sensor based on the differential demodulation can realize accurate measurement of microampere-milliamp direct current leakage current, broadens the weak current measurement range of the traditional magnetic modulation type current sensor, improves the measurement capability of the direct current leakage current, and lays a data foundation for advanced application of intelligent power grids such as insulation state monitoring and the like.
It should be noted that, in the foregoing embodiments, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and reference may be made to relevant descriptions of other embodiments for parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (7)
1. A high-resolution wide-range magnetic modulation type direct current sensor based on differential demodulation is characterized by comprising a magnetic balance type composite magnet structure, an excitation demodulation unit, a negative feedback unit and a signal output unit;
the magnetic balance type composite magnet structure comprises a magnetism gathering magnet, a negative feedback winding and a magnetic modulation type structure, the magnetic balance type composite magnet structure is in a closed ring shape, and a primary direct current to be detected passes through the inner side of the ring;
the magnetism gathering magnet is composed of a plurality of annular closed magnetic cores, the plurality of annular closed magnetic cores form an internal hollow structure, the magnetism gathering magnet is uniformly wound with the negative feedback winding, and the negative feedback winding applies negative feedback direct current to the magnetic modulation type structure under the action of the negative feedback unit to balance primary direct current to be measured;
the magnetic modulation type structure is embedded in the hollow structure of the high-frequency alternating current balance magnet and is used for detecting primary direct current to be detected;
the excitation demodulation unit is used for providing a square wave excitation signal for the magnetic modulation structure, enabling the magnetic modulation structure to be in a normal working state, performing analog-to-digital conversion and signal demodulation on an output voltage signal of the magnetic modulation structure, and finally transmitting a signal demodulation result to the negative feedback unit and the signal output unit;
after receiving the signal demodulation result output by the excitation demodulation unit, the negative feedback unit firstly performs negative feedback control judgment, calculates an expected negative feedback voltage value according to the judgment result, and finally outputs negative feedback direct current to the negative feedback winding through the current limiting resistor;
wherein the negative feedback unit receives the DC demodulated value output by the excitation demodulation unitI dc According to the DC current demodulation valueI dc Amplitude acquisition control instructionC d And demodulating the regulation command and the DC currentI dc The output is to a PID control module in the negative feedback unit;
the regulation instructionC d The calculation method is as follows:
wherein,I L a threshold is enabled for negative feedback;
the signal output unit is used for acquiring the voltage value of the current-limiting resistor in the negative feedback unit, and finally calculating to obtain a signal current measurement value by combining the signal demodulation result of the excitation demodulation unit.
2. A magnetically modulated dc sensor according to claim 1, wherein the flux concentrating magnet is made of a soft magnetic material with high permeability and low saturation strength for concentrating the magnetic flux to improve the sensitivity of dc measurements.
3. The magnetically modulated dc sensor of claim 1, wherein the magnetically modulated structure comprises 2 magnetic modulator cores, an excitation winding, and a detection winding, the excitation winding and the detection winding are uniformly wound around the 2 magnetic modulator cores of the magnetically modulated structure, and the excitation winding and the detection winding are connected in series in an opposite direction.
4. The magnetically modulated direct current sensor of claim 3, wherein the excitation demodulation unit comprises a square wave excitation source, a signal acquisition module and a signal demodulation module;
the square wave excitation source consists of a high-performance rectifying circuit, and the output fundamental wave angular frequency of the square wave excitation source is
The magnetic modulation structure is a square wave voltage source with strictly symmetrical positive and negative, and the magnetic cores of the 2 magnetic modulators of the magnetic modulation structure are in an alternate positive and negative saturation state through the exciting winding, so that the magnetic modulation structure is in a normal working state;
the signal acquisition module is composed of high-precision analog-to-digital conversion equipment and is used for converting the output voltage of the detection winding in the magnetic modulation structure into a digital signal U D And the digital signal U is converted into a digital signal D Transmitting to the signal demodulation module;
the signal demodulation module is used for demodulating the digital signal U output by the signal acquisition module D And analyzing and demodulating the signal, and respectively transmitting the direct current demodulated value to the negative feedback unit and the signal output unit.
5. The magnetically modulated DC sensor of claim 4, wherein the signal demodulation module demodulates the digital signal U output by the signal acquisition module D Performing signal analysis and demodulation, comprising:
s1, outputting digital signal U by signal acquisition module D Performing windowed Fourier analysis, wherein the expression is as follows:
wherein,WFis a window function;
s2, extracting output voltage U D Second harmonic voltage division ofMagnitude of the quantity U 2 And phase
In combination with the proportionality coefficient of the magnetically modulated structureKPreliminarily obtaining DC demodulated valueI dc ；
Wherein the proportionality coefficientKRelating to a parameter of the magnetic modulation scheme structure;
s3, demodulating the direct currentI dc And the signal is transmitted to the negative feedback unit and the signal output unit.
6. The magnetically modulated dc sensor of claim 1, wherein the negative feedback unit comprises a negative feedback modulation module, a PID control module, a controlled voltage module, and a current limiting resistor;
the negative feedback regulation and control module demodulates the regulation and control instruction and the direct currentI dc Outputting to a PID control module;
the PID control module demodulates the value based on the direct currentI dc And regulation instructionC d Calculating the negative feedback voltage U required to be output by the negative feedback unit n The expression is as follows:
in the formula, R is the resistance value of the current-limiting resistor, and Ns is the number of turns of the negative feedback winding;Kp、T i and
PID control parameters;
the controlled voltage module is composed of a high-performance power supply chip and outputs accurate and stable negative feedback voltage under the control of the PID control moduleU n 。
7. The magnetically modulated direct current sensor of claim 6, wherein the signal output unit comprises a voltage acquisition module and a signal synthesis processing module;
the voltage acquisition module is composed of high-precision analog-to-digital conversion equipment and is used for converting the sampling voltage value of the current-limiting resistor in the negative feedback unit into a digital signal U R And the digital voltage signal U is converted into a digital voltage signal R Transmitting the signal to the signal synthesis processing module;
the signal synthesis processing module is used for synthesizing and processing the digital voltage signal U R Demodulated from DC currentI dc Calculating to obtain final current measurement valueI m The expression is as follows:
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