CN110031666B - Direct current heavy current measuring device and measuring method - Google Patents
Direct current heavy current measuring device and measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110031666B CN110031666B CN201910388860.XA CN201910388860A CN110031666B CN 110031666 B CN110031666 B CN 110031666B CN 201910388860 A CN201910388860 A CN 201910388860A CN 110031666 B CN110031666 B CN 110031666B
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- G01R19/0092—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof measuring current only
Abstract
The invention relates to a current measuring technology in the electrical technology, in particular to a direct current heavy current measuring device and a measuring method. The measuring method comprises the steps of converting the current amount into magnetic flux for detection, realizing magnetic circuit splitting by matching a special iron core structure with an excitation winding connected in a bridge type, controlling the current of a compensation winding after signal processing of the midpoint voltage difference of the excitation winding connected in the bridge type, restoring balance of the magnetic flux, and solving the problems that a zero-magnetic-flux current sensor has a complex feedback detection loop, the compensation current has excitation signal ripples, and the detection of transient current and harmonic current is difficult.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of current measurement in electrical technology, and particularly relates to a direct current large current measuring device and a measuring method.
Background
The modern industry has a wide range of applications for large dc currents, with metallurgy and electrolytic plating being the most common. The continuous development and application of the direct current transmission technology also provide requirements for the measurement of direct current large current. In addition, some scientific researches require that particle accelerators, high-power electronic equipment, high-power batteries and the like are used for measuring high direct current, and the importance of the high direct current is self-evident.
For energy storage devices such as high-power batteries, timely and accurate detection of output current is an indispensable part of detecting electrical performance of the batteries. The method plays an important role in state evaluation, charge and discharge electricity quantity metering, residual capacity estimation, service life prediction and battery module consistency judgment of the battery. In the direct current large current measurement, in addition to general requirements (such as stability, reliability, convenient use and the like) for instruments, the measuring instrument is required to have sufficient accuracy, otherwise, the measurement loses significance. The accuracy of the measurement required by the current engineering is generally 0.5%, and some requirements are 0.1-0.2%.
However, the operation condition of the high-power battery is complex, and the motor load can bring complex harmonic waves to the battery current; various switches and relays can bring transient disturbance to current; high power battery current measurement in highly mobile devices is often also subject to various electromagnetic interference, temperature variations, and vibrations.
At present, methods for measuring a large direct current mainly include a shunt method, a hall effect method, a magneto-optical effect method, a magnetic effect method, and the like.
The shunt method is characterized in that a shunt is connected in series in a tested loop, the current flowing through the shunt is obtained by measuring the voltage at two ends of the shunt, and the precision of the method mainly depends on the accuracy of the resistance value of the shunt and the measurement precision of the voltage. The measurement principle is simple, the reliability is high, and the defects are that the measurement is not isolated, the power consumption is large, the measurement precision is influenced by the rise of the temperature, and the measurement error is caused by the skin effect when the direct current containing harmonic waves is measured.
The Hall effect principle is that a Hall effect is utilized to convert measured direct current into Hall voltage, Hall voltage is amplified and then a compensation coil current is controlled through feedback to generate magnetic flux to counteract the magnetic flux generated by the measured direct current, and when the coil magnetic flux is zero, the current of the compensation coil is in direct proportion to the measured current. The disadvantages of the method are poor temperature characteristics (Hall coefficient, input and output resistance and residual potential of the Hall element are all related to temperature) and poor anti-electromagnetic interference performance (an iron core is not closed due to the placement of the Hall element).
The magneto-optical effect method is based on the principle that when linearly polarized light passes through a magneto-optical substance along an external magnetic field, the polarization plane of output light can rotate by an angle proportional to the external magnetic field, and the magnitude of the external magnetic field is measured by detecting the angle difference, so that the magnitude of current generating the external magnetic field is obtained. Which can also improve the measurement accuracy by closed-loop. Compared with the former two methods, the method realizes isolation in measurement and improves the measurement stability under different temperatures and complex electromagnetic environments, but the method is not suitable for equipment with strong maneuverability such as an electric locomotive due to the fact that a precise optical element is required to be used, and the shock resistance of the method is poor.
The most successful application of the magnetic effect method is a dc current comparator which saturates the core by applying an ac excitation signal to an excitation coil wound around the toroidal core. At this time, the magnetic field generated by the primary current passing through the iron core will destroy the positive and negative half-cycle symmetric alternating magnetic flux generated by the original alternating current excitation signal, so that the alternating magnetic flux is shifted to the positive or negative direction (depending on the direction of the primary current and the winding direction of the excitation coil on the iron core), and the period of the induced voltage change is half of the period of the excitation signal, so that the current can be measured only by detecting the amplitude of the second harmonic in the induced voltage. In order to improve the detection precision, the second harmonic voltage is used for generating corresponding direct current voltage in a feedback mode, the direct current voltage is amplified to drive the compensation coil, and when the magnetic flux generated by the current of the compensation coil is balanced with the magnetic flux generated by the primary current, the current in the compensation coil is in direct proportion to the primary current. The method has no obvious defects of the previous methods, but because the iron core is often in a saturated state, harmonic components in direct current cannot be measured, and the transient process of the current cannot be reflected; meanwhile, harmonic components in the excitation current also influence the magnitude of the compensation current, which brings errors to the measurement. In order to measure transient and harmonic components in direct current, a Rogowski coil can be used in cooperation, but the complexity of measurement is increased, and measurement errors are gradually amplified by a plurality of signal processing links.
Therefore, in order to meet the requirements of accuracy, electromagnetic interference resistance and shock resistance of measuring direct current heavy current, the above technologies cannot meet the measurement requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a direct current heavy current measuring device which can realize high-precision measurement of transient and harmonic components in a complex electromagnetic environment and an easily-vibrating environment.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a direct current heavy current measuring device comprises a current to be measured, an exciting circuit and a compensating circuit; the excitation circuit comprises two groups of four-column iron cores with the same shape, a first excitation winding, a second excitation winding, a third excitation winding and a fourth excitation winding, an excitation signal generating circuit and a drive; the compensation circuit comprises a first compensation winding, a second compensation winding, a third compensation winding, a fourth compensation winding, a signal conditioning circuit, a power amplifier and a standard resistor; the middle two columns of the two groups of four-column iron cores are respectively wound with a first excitation winding, a second excitation winding, a third excitation winding and a fourth excitation winding which are connected in a bridge shape, and an excitation signal generating circuit is driven and then is added to the two ends of the excitation winding connected in the bridge shape; the middle two transverse columns of the two groups of four-column iron cores are respectively wound with a first compensation winding, a second compensation winding, a third compensation winding and a fourth compensation winding, the middle point of an excitation winding bridge in bridge connection and a signal of an excitation signal generating circuit are connected with the head end of the first compensation winding after passing through a signal conditioning circuit and a power amplifier, and are connected with a resistor for grounding after passing through each compensation winding; the current to be measured passes through the holes in the middle of the two groups of four-column iron cores.
In the direct current large current measuring device, two groups of four-column iron cores are stacked front and back, a first excitation winding and a second excitation winding with the same winding direction turns are wound on two columns in the middle of the four-column iron cores at the back, and a first compensation winding and a second compensation winding with the same winding direction turns are wound on two transverse columns in the middle; a third excitation winding and a fourth excitation winding are arranged on the front four-column iron core in the same manner, and the winding directions of the third excitation winding and the fourth excitation winding are the same as those of the first excitation winding and the second excitation winding except that the third excitation winding and the fourth excitation winding are opposite to those of the first excitation winding and the second excitation winding; the first excitation winding is connected with the head end of the second excitation winding, the tail end of the first excitation winding is connected with the head end of the third excitation winding, the tail end of the second excitation winding is connected with the head end of the fourth excitation winding, and the third excitation winding is connected with the tail end of the fourth excitation winding; the tail end of the first excitation winding, the tail end of the second excitation winding and the excitation signal generating circuit are connected to the signal conditioning circuit, the output end of the signal conditioning circuit is connected with the head end of the first compensation winding after being connected with the power amplifier, the tail end of the first compensation winding is connected to the tail end of the second compensation winding, the head end of the second compensation winding is connected to the head end of the third compensation winding, the tail end of the third compensation winding is connected to the tail end of the fourth compensation winding, and the head end of the fourth compensation winding is connected to the standard resistor and then is grounded.
In the direct current large current measuring device, the four-column iron core is formed by stacking whole silicon steel sheets, and no air gap exists in the direction of the magnetic circuit.
A measuring method of a direct current large current measuring device comprises the following steps:
step 1, under the action of an excitation source, an excitation winding in bridge connection generates a magnetic field along with excitation current, so that an iron core is in a saturated state; if no current to be measured exists, the magnetic flux in each winding is balanced, and the positive half cycle and the negative half cycle are symmetrical;
step 2, when the current to be measured is measured, the magnetic flux in each winding is not balanced under the action of the current to be measured, the increasing and decreasing directions of the magnetic flux of the diagonally opposite corners of the excitation winding in bridge connection are consistent, and the increasing and decreasing directions of the magnetic flux on the same side are opposite; the magnetic fluxes in the left excitation winding and the right excitation winding on the same iron core are respectively
While
And
the positive and negative half cycles of the voltage transformer are different in time and depth of entering a saturation area, at the moment, a differential voltage u is induced at the midpoint of excitation windings in bridge connection, the frequency of the differential voltage u is twice of the frequency of excitation current, and the size of the second harmonic of the differential voltage u is in direct proportion to the size of current to be measured;
step 3, passing the signalProcessing by a conditioning circuit to convert the difference voltage u to a frequency-doubled current I of the excitation current2After multiplication and filtering, obtaining direct current voltage which is in one-to-one correspondence with the size and the direction of the current to be measured, amplifying the direct current voltage, controlling the current of the compensation winding, and when the magnetic flux in each winding is restored to balance, compensating the current I0Is proportional to the current to be measured;
and 4, superposing alternating current components in the current to be measured on the compensation current I in the same proportion through the mutual inductor action of each compensation winding on the four-column iron core transverse column0The above step (1); by measuring the standard resistance RLThe voltage at the two ends can measure the value of the current to be measured.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) when the measuring circuit is in a stable state, the number of turns of the two excitation windings on the transverse column is the same, and excitation magnetic flux does not exist, so that the alternating current excitation current does not influence the compensation current, and the measured current does not contain ripples of the excitation signal.
(2) For the alternating current component in the current to be measured, the iron core transverse column and the compensation coil on the iron core transverse column form an alternating current transformer, the alternating current component in the current to be measured appears in the compensation current in the same proportion as the direct current component through the coupling effect of the transformer, and the measurement of transient state and harmonic current can be completed.
(3) The front and rear iron cores are connected with the excitation winding on the same side but have different winding directions, when the current to be measured changes suddenly, the front and rear excitation windings can induce reverse-phase voltage so as to cancel each other out, even if the current to be measured does not completely cancel each other out due to some reason, circulation current can be formed in the four windings, the excitation source cannot be influenced, namely, the sudden change of the current to be measured cannot influence the excitation source, and therefore the excitation source does not need transformer isolation.
The invention works stably in a vibration environment; under a complex electromagnetic environment, the measurement of the iron core is not influenced because the iron core is closed and has no air gap; the external temperature has little influence on the measurement; the measurement precision is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a circuit structure of a measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment provides a direct-current large-current measuring device which comprises a four-column iron core, a first excitation winding, a second excitation winding, a third excitation winding, a fourth excitation winding, a first compensation winding, a second compensation winding, a third compensation winding, a fourth compensation winding, an excitation signal generating circuit, a driving circuit, a signal conditioning circuit, a power amplifier and a standard resistor.
Two groups of four-column iron cores are stacked front and back, and the current to be measured passes through the hole in the middle of the two groups of iron cores. The first excitation winding A and the second excitation winding B with the same winding direction turns are wound on two columns in the middle of the rear four-column iron core, the first compensation winding A 'and the second compensation winding B' with the same winding direction turns are wound on two transverse columns in the middle, the third excitation winding C, the fourth excitation winding D, the third compensation winding C 'and the fourth compensation winding D' on the front four-column iron core are correspondingly arranged, and the rest parts are the same except that the winding directions of the corresponding third excitation winding C and the fourth excitation winding D are opposite to those of the first excitation winding A and the second excitation winding B.
The first excitation winding A is connected with the head end of the second excitation winding B, the tail end of the first excitation winding A is connected with the head end of the third excitation winding C, the tail end of the second excitation winding B is connected with the head end of the fourth excitation winding D, and the third excitation winding C is connected with the tail end of the fourth excitation winding D to form a bridge structure of the excitation winding. The excitation signal generating circuit is connected to two sides of the bridge excitation winding after being driven.
The tail end of the first exciting winding A, the tail end of the second exciting winding B and the exciting signal generating circuit are connected to the signal conditioning circuit, the output end of the signal conditioning circuit is connected with the power amplifier and then is connected with the head end of the first compensating winding A ', the tail end of the first compensating winding A' is connected with the tail end of the second compensating winding B ', the head end of the second compensating winding B' is connected with the head end of the third compensating winding C ', the tail end of the third compensating winding C' is connected with the tail end of the fourth compensating winding D ', and the head end of the fourth compensating winding D' is connected with the resistor RLAnd then grounded.
Moreover, the four-column iron core is formed by stacking whole silicon steel sheets, and no air gap exists in the direction of the magnetic circuit.
In specific implementation, as shown in fig. 1, a dc large current measuring apparatus includes an excitation circuit and a compensation circuit.
In the excitation circuit, a first excitation winding A, a second excitation winding B, a third excitation winding C and a fourth excitation winding D of excitation windings in bridge connection are respectively wound on two middle columns of two groups of four-column iron cores with the same shape, and an excitation signal generating circuit is driven and then added to two ends of the excitation windings in bridge connection.
In the compensation circuit, the middle point of an excitation winding bridge in bridge connection and a signal of the signal generation circuit are connected with the compensation winding after passing through the signal conditioning circuit and the power amplifier, and are connected with the standard resistor to be grounded after passing through the compensation winding.
The principle of measurement by using the device of the embodiment is as follows: after the device is put into operation, under the action of an excitation source, the excitation winding in bridge connection generates a magnetic field along with excitation current, so that the iron core is in a saturated state. At the moment, if no current to be measured exists, magnetic flux in the winding is balanced, and the positive half cycle and the negative half cycle are symmetrical. When the current to be measured is measured, the magnetic flux in the windings is not balanced under the action of the current to be measured, the increasing and decreasing directions of the magnetic flux of the excitation windings in the bridge connection are consistent in the diagonal direction, and the increasing and decreasing directions of the magnetic flux on the same side are opposite. Thus, the magnetic cathartic in the left and right windings on the same iron core
Move up or down respectively to become
It is obvious that
And
the positive and negative half cycles of (a) are different in time and depth into the saturation region. Therefore, differential voltage u is induced at the midpoint of the excitation windings in bridge connection, the frequency of the differential voltage u is twice of the frequency of the excitation current, and the magnitude of the second harmonic reflects the magnitude of the current to be measured.
Through the processing of a signal conditioning circuit, the midpoint difference voltage u of the excitation windings in bridge connection and the frequency doubling current I of the excitation current are processed2After multiplication and filtering, direct current voltage corresponding to the magnitude and direction of the current to be measured one by one can be obtained, the voltage is amplified to control the current of the compensation winding, and when the magnetic flux in the winding is restored to balance, the compensation current I0Will be proportional to the current to be measured. Due to the mutual inductor function of the compensation winding on the iron core transverse column, alternating current components in the current to be measured are superposed on I in the same proportion0The above. Thus, by measuring RLThe voltage at the two ends can measure the value of the current to be measured.
The embodiment detects by converting the current amount into the magnetic flux, realizes the magnetic circuit splitting by adopting a special iron core structure to match with the excitation winding connected in a bridge type, controls the compensation winding current after the midpoint voltage difference of the excitation winding connected in the bridge type is subjected to signal processing, restores the magnetic flux to be balanced, and solves the problems that a zero magnetic flux current sensor has complex feedback detection loop, the compensation current has excitation signal ripples, and the detection of transient current and harmonic current is difficult.
It should be understood that parts of the specification not set forth in detail are well within the prior art.
Although specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that these are merely illustrative and that various changes or modifications may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention. The scope of the invention is only limited by the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. A direct current heavy current measuring device comprises a current to be measured, and is characterized by comprising an excitation circuit and a compensation circuit; the excitation circuit comprises two groups of four-column iron cores with the same shape, a first excitation winding, a second excitation winding, a third excitation winding and a fourth excitation winding, an excitation signal generating circuit and a drive; the compensation circuit comprises a first compensation winding, a second compensation winding, a third compensation winding, a fourth compensation winding, a signal conditioning circuit, a power amplifier and a standard resistor; the left and right columns in the middle of the two groups of four-column iron cores are respectively wound with a first excitation winding, a second excitation winding, a third excitation winding and a fourth excitation winding which are connected in a bridge shape, and an excitation signal generating circuit is driven and then is added at two ends of the excitation winding connected in the bridge shape; the middle two transverse columns of the two groups of four-column iron cores are respectively wound with a first compensation winding, a second compensation winding, a third compensation winding and a fourth compensation winding, the middle point of an excitation winding bridge in bridge connection and a signal of an excitation signal generating circuit are connected with the head end of the first compensation winding after passing through a signal conditioning circuit and a power amplifier, and are connected with a standard resistor for grounding after passing through each compensation winding; the current to be measured passes through the holes in the middle of the two groups of four-column iron cores;
two groups of four-column iron cores are stacked front and back, a first excitation winding and a second excitation winding with the same winding direction turns are wound on the left column and the right column in the middle of the four-column iron core at the back, and a first compensation winding and a second compensation winding with the same winding direction turns are wound on the two middle transverse columns; a third excitation winding and a fourth excitation winding with the same winding direction turns are wound on the left column and the right column in the middle of the front four-column iron core, and a third compensation winding and a fourth compensation winding with the same winding direction turns are wound on the middle two transverse columns; the winding directions of the third excitation winding and the fourth excitation winding are opposite to those of the first excitation winding and the second excitation winding, and the winding directions of the first compensation winding and the second compensation winding are the same as those of the third compensation winding and the fourth compensation winding; the head end of the first excitation winding is connected with the head end of the second excitation winding, the tail end of the first excitation winding is connected with the head end of the third excitation winding, the tail end of the second excitation winding is connected with the head end of the fourth excitation winding, and the tail end of the third excitation winding is connected with the tail end of the fourth excitation winding; the tail end of the first excitation winding, the tail end of the second excitation winding and the excitation signal generating circuit are connected to the signal conditioning circuit, the output end of the signal conditioning circuit is connected with the head end of the first compensation winding after being connected with the power amplifier, the tail end of the first compensation winding is connected to the tail end of the second compensation winding, the head end of the second compensation winding is connected to the head end of the third compensation winding, the tail end of the third compensation winding is connected to the tail end of the fourth compensation winding, and the head end of the fourth compensation winding is connected to the standard resistor and then is grounded.
2. The direct-current large current measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the four-column iron core is formed by stacking whole silicon steel sheets, and no air gap exists in the direction of the magnetic circuit.
3. A method for measuring a large direct current according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized by comprising the steps of:
step 1, under the action of an excitation signal generating circuit, an excitation winding in bridge connection generates a magnetic field along with excitation current, so that an iron core is in a saturated state; if no current to be measured exists, the magnetic flux in the excitation winding of the bridge connection is balanced, and the excitation winding is symmetrical in positive and negative half cycles;
step 2, when the current to be measured is measured, the magnetic flux in the excitation windings connected in a bridge mode is not balanced any more under the action of the current to be measured, the increasing and decreasing directions of the magnetic flux of the excitation windings connected in the bridge mode are consistent in the diagonal direction, and the increasing and decreasing directions of the magnetic flux on the same side are opposite; the magnetic fluxes in the left excitation winding and the right excitation winding on the same iron core are respectively
While
And
the positive and negative half cycles of the voltage transformer are different in time and depth when entering a saturation region, at the moment, a differential voltage u is induced at the midpoint of an excitation winding bridge connected in a bridge type, the frequency of the differential voltage u is twice of the frequency of an excitation current, and the size of a second harmonic of the differential voltage u is in direct proportion to the size of a current to be measured;
step 3, processing by a signal conditioning circuit, and enabling the bridge-type connected excitation winding bridge midpoint difference voltage u and the double-frequency current I of the excitation current2After multiplication and filtering, obtaining direct current voltage which is in one-to-one correspondence with the size and the direction of the current to be measured, amplifying the direct current voltage, controlling the current of the compensation winding, and when the magnetic flux in the excitation winding connected with the bridge type is restored to balance, compensating the current I0Is proportional to the current to be measured;
step 4, through the mutual inductor action of each compensation winding on the four-column iron core transverse column, the alternating current component in the current to be measured isSuperimposed on the compensation current I in the same proportion0The above step (1); by measuring the standard resistance RLAnd obtaining the value of the current to be measured by the voltages at the two ends.
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| CN112379156B (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2022-10-11 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司营销服务中心 | Method for rapidly measuring kA-level direct current sudden change |
| CN113189387A (en) * | 2021-05-07 | 2021-07-30 | 湖南银河电气有限公司 | Low frequency current bridge and current comparator |
| CN113848364A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-12-28 | 国网福建省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Zero magnetic flux mutual inductor of anti-electromagnetic interference |
| CN114280350B (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2024-04-16 | 浙江巨磁智能技术有限公司 | High-precision current sensor and shunt-based high-current measurement method |
| CN115684701B (en) * | 2023-01-01 | 2023-04-18 | 华中科技大学 | High-resolution wide-range magnetic modulation type direct current sensor based on differential demodulation |
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