CN115684495A - Herbaceous vegetation canopy interception monitoring test device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a herbaceous vegetation canopy interception monitoring test device and a method, relates to the technical field of vegetation canopy rainfall interception monitoring, and aims at solving the problem that the existing herbaceous vegetation canopy interception process is inconvenient to monitor; compared with the method of inverting the vegetation or pulling out the vegetation with roots and the like, the test of the herbaceous vegetation in the incubator can ensure that the herbaceous vegetation is in a natural growth state, the normal water absorption function of the vegetation is not influenced, and the measurement result is more accurate; the influence of different environmental temperatures, initial humidity, wind speed, illumination, gradient, vegetation planting density, arrangement mode and the like on the herbaceous plant canopy interception process can be comprehensively and accurately simulated.

Description

A kind of herbaceous vegetation canopy interception monitoring test device and method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of vegetation canopy rainfall interception monitoring, in particular to a herbaceous vegetation canopy interception monitoring test device and method.

Background technique

After the rainwater falls on the vegetation canopy, it is redistributed into three parts: a part of the rainwater is absorbed by the leaves or adsorbed on the surface of the leaves, forming canopy interception; a part of the rainwater flows into the ground along the branches to form the stalk flow; the rest of the rainwater flows through the branches and leaves. The gap falls to the surface, forming penetrating rainfall. Therefore, canopy intercepted rainfall can be calculated by water balance method, namely: canopy intercepted amount = total rainfall - penetration rainfall - stalk flow. However, due to the low canopy and dense plants of herbaceous plants, it is difficult to directly measure the through-rainfall and stalk flow. At present, the canopy interception of herbaceous vegetation is mainly measured by water immersion method, wiping method and simulated rainfall method.

In the prior art, although the device and method disclosed in CN102918422A can monitor the canopy interception process of the herbaceous vegetation without destroying the original state of the vegetation, this measurement method will cause part of the penetrating rainfall to infiltrate into the In the soil, and because herbaceous vegetation and soil are a continuum, it is difficult to accurately measure the amount of water infiltrated into the soil, so the influence of soil factors on the measurement results cannot be eliminated; in addition, it can only simulate the interception of herbaceous plants in different natural rainfall states. Quantitative impact. In fact, the rainfall interception of vegetation canopy is a very complicated process. In addition to the influence of rainfall characteristics, the rainfall interception of herbaceous vegetation canopy is also affected and restricted by many factors such as environmental characteristics, meteorological conditions, and vegetation characteristics. In the prior art, although the device disclosed in CN212228872U has eliminated the influence of soil factors on the measurement results, and can adjust the density and slope of herbaceous plants, this method needs to cut off the leaves of herbaceous vegetation or pull out the plants with roots It can only be fixed on the barbed wire, which not only damages the vegetation, but also cannot simulate the influence of atmospheric temperature, humidity, wind speed, light and vegetation arrangement on the rainfall interception of herbaceous plants.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to address the defects in the prior art, to provide a herbaceous vegetation canopy interception monitoring test device and method, by setting a perforated top cover on the vegetation cultivation box for the cultivated vegetation stalks to pass through, which will not damage the Vegetation can exclude the influence of soil factors. Rainfall experiments are carried out in the test operation box equipped with various environmental components. By monitoring the rainfall and the rainfall not intercepted by the vegetation canopy, the impact of different environmental conditions on the interception of the herbaceous canopy can be simulated. process impact.

First object of the present invention is to provide a kind of herbaceous vegetation canopy interception monitoring test device, adopts following scheme:

include:

Test operation box;

The vegetation cultivation box is arranged in the test operation box, and the top is provided with a perforated top cover for the vegetation stalks to pass through;

The rainfall component, the output end is located in the test operation box, and the rainfall area covers the vegetation cultivated in the vegetation cultivation box;

The collection component, the collection end is located in the test operation box, is used to obtain the rainfall not intercepted by the vegetation canopy.

Further, it also includes an environmental component, which includes a temperature controller installed in the test operation box, a wind speed adjustment component, an illumination adjustment component, and a humidity adjustment component.

Further, the humidity adjustment assembly includes an air dehumidifier, the inlet end of the air dehumidifier is connected to the test operation box, and the outlet end of the air dehumidifier is connected to the condensed water collection device through a condensation pipe, so as to adjust the air humidity in the area where the vegetation cultivation box is located. .

Further, the illumination adjustment assembly includes a shading plate, which is detachably connected to the test operation box, and adjusts the lighting conditions of the vegetation in the test operation box by adjusting the number and/or installation position.

Further, the wind speed adjustment assembly includes a wind simulator, the outlet of the wind simulator is connected to the test operation box, and acts on the vegetation cultivated in the vegetation cultivation box.

Further, a first orifice plate is installed in the test operation box, and the first orifice plate divides the interior of the test operation box into a rain chamber and a collection chamber, the output end of the rain assembly and the vegetation cultivation box are located in the rain chamber, and the collection assembly is located in the rain chamber. The collecting chamber is inside, and the collecting end of the collecting assembly communicates with the rain chamber through the first orifice plate.

Further, the first orifice plate is rotatably connected with the second orifice plate carrying the vegetation cultivation box, and the second orifice plate is connected with an angle adjustment mechanism to drive the second orifice plate to rotate and change the plane where the vegetation cultivation box is located with a hole top cover. Angle with the plane of the first orifice plate.

Further, the rainfall assembly includes sequentially connected rainfall nozzles, water delivery conduits and water storage barrels, and flow pumps are installed on the water delivery conduits; or, the perforated top cover of the vegetation cultivation box is provided with various specifications, different specifications The perforated top covers are configured with orifices that vary in shape, size, arrangement and/or density.

The second object of the present invention is to provide a kind of test method utilizing herbaceous vegetation canopy interception monitoring test device as described in the first object, comprising:

Determine the roof with holes according to the herbaceous vegetation selected in the test, prepare the vegetation cultivation box, make the vegetation stalks pass through the holes of the roof with holes, and seal the pores between the stalks of the plants and the holes;

Adjust the environment in the test operation box, adjust the rainfall intensity and rainfall, and conduct the canopy rainfall interception simulation test;

Real-time monitoring of the rainfall of the rainfall component and the collected rainfall of the collection component to obtain the canopy interception.

Further, adjust the posture of the vegetation cultivation box in the test operation box, and repeat the test; before the rain operation, make the rainwater wet the test operation box and remove the various components of the vegetation cultivation box.

Compared with prior art, the advantages and positive effects that the present invention has are:

(1) In view of the inconvenient monitoring of the interception process of the herbaceous vegetation canopy, a perforated top cover is set on the vegetation cultivation box for the cultivated vegetation stalks to pass through, which will not damage the vegetation and can eliminate the influence of soil factors. Improve the monitoring effect of herbaceous vegetation canopy interception; compared with methods such as inverting the vegetation or pulling out the roots, the herbaceous vegetation can be tested in the cultivation box, which can make the herbaceous vegetation in a natural growth state without affecting the normal water absorption of the vegetation function, making the measurement results more accurate.

(2) For the current problem that it is impossible to simulate the impact of various environments on the rainfall interception of herbaceous plants, the rainfall test is carried out in the test operation box equipped with various environmental components, which can comprehensively and accurately simulate different environmental temperatures, initial humidity, The effects of wind speed, light, slope, and vegetation planting density and arrangement on the interception process of herbaceous plant canopy are more comprehensive.

(3) For the environmental components in the test operation box, by adjusting each environmental component individually or jointly, it is possible to simulate the influence of a single variable on the interception process of the herbaceous plant canopy, or to simulate the comprehensive effect of multiple variables on the interception process of the herbaceous plant canopy. process impact.

(4) Monitoring the rainfall and the rainfall not intercepted by the vegetation canopy can not only obtain the maximum canopy interception of herbaceous vegetation, but also monitor the canopy interception in real time to obtain the canopy interception of herbaceous vegetation under different test conditions A dynamic process of change over time.

(5) The same soil box is used in the vegetation cultivation box, and the test of different influencing factors can be carried out only by replacing the holed top cover with different hole shapes, sizes, layout forms and densities. It is simple and convenient, and can also realize recycling and save materials; After the test, the planted vegetation can be removed for a new test and reused after the water absorption reaches a new stable state; the transplanted vegetation can be put back to the sampling location without damaging the environment.

Description of drawings

The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and the schematic embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations to the present invention.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the herbaceous vegetation canopy interception monitoring test device in Examples 1 and 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic front view of the herbaceous vegetation canopy interception monitoring test device in Examples 1 and 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the vegetation cultivation box in Examples 1 and 2 of the present invention.

Among them, 1-water storage bucket, 2-flow pump, 3-water delivery conduit, 4-temperature controller, 5-temperature and humidity sensor, 6-transparent glass plate, 7-rainfall nozzle, 8-test operation box, 9- Wind simulator, 10-anti-skid bar, 11-perforated aluminum plate, 12-perforated steel plate, 13-hinge joint, 14-air dehumidifier, 15-vegetation cultivation box, 16-electric jack, 17-water retaining Bar, 18-shading plate, 19-revolving opening and closing door, 20-water collection funnel, 21-condensation pipe, 22-cover with holes, 23-condensation water collection device, 24-rainwater collection device, 25-fixed bracket, 26-test box base, 27-universal wheels, 28-angle measuring instrument, 29-top cover with holes, 30-soil box.

Detailed ways

Rainfall interception by vegetation canopy is one of the important links in the water cycle process in the soil-vegetation-atmosphere continuum, which is directly related to the distribution of rainfall and the effective use of water by plants. Rainfall interception by vegetation canopy will affect various ecological and hydrological functions. For example, by intercepting part of the rainfall, vegetation canopy reduces the amount of rainfall reaching the ground, thereby changing the surface runoff and soil infiltration, and affecting the absorption and utilization of soil water by vegetation. Secondly, canopy interception reduces the kinetic energy of raindrops, which can weaken the erosion of rainwater on the surface and reduce soil erosion; in addition, the water trapped on the surface of leaves enters the atmosphere through evaporation and can also adjust the temperature and humidity of the atmosphere. Therefore, it is of great scientific significance to clarify the characteristics of rainfall interception by vegetation canopy and its influencing factors for the study of regional ecological environment protection, effective use of vegetation water, and ecohydrological processes.

At present, the canopy interception measurement of herbaceous vegetation mainly adopts water immersion method, wiping method and simulated rainfall method. Using the water immersion method, most of the research is to cut the leaves of herbaceous vegetation evenly on the ground and then immerse them in water, and calculate the canopy interception according to the weight change of the leaves before and after water absorption, which will cause damage to the vegetation; in order to avoid damage to the vegetation, There are also some studies where the herbaceous vegetation is inverted, then the leaves are immersed in water, and the weight change before and after water absorption is weighed, but the normal water absorption function of the leaves will be affected after the vegetation is inverted, making the measurement results inaccurate. The wiping method can only measure the amount of water adsorbed on the surface of the leaves, and the water absorbed by the leaves cannot be measured. Moreover, it is inconvenient to operate in the dense grass of the plants, and the measurement accuracy is poor. In the simulated rainfall method, it is necessary to cut off the leaves of herbaceous vegetation at the surface or pull out the roots, clean the roots, and then cut them on the surface of barbed wire or soil sieves according to different densities, and calculate the canopy interception according to the water balance method. This method will also cause damage to vegetation.

Example 1

In a typical embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figures 1-3, a herbaceous vegetation canopy interception monitoring test device is provided.

At present, the equipment and methods related to the canopy interception monitoring test of herbaceous vegetation have certain deficiencies. In the process of canopy interception monitoring test, it is easy to damage the herbaceous vegetation, and there are influences of soil factors on the monitoring process, so it is impossible to measure the herbaceous vegetation comprehensively and accurately. The rainfall interception characteristics under different environmental and meteorological conditions make it difficult to clarify the rainfall interception process of herbaceous vegetation and its impact on ecohydrological processes.

Based on this, this embodiment provides a herbaceous vegetation canopy interception monitoring test device, which can neither destroy the vegetation, but also eliminate the influence of soil factors, and can also comprehensively and accurately simulate different environmental temperatures, initial humidity, wind speed, light, and slope And the influence of vegetation planting density and arrangement on the interception process of herbaceous canopy.

Below, the herbaceous vegetation canopy interception monitoring test device in this embodiment will be described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Referring to Fig. 1, the herbaceous vegetation canopy interception monitoring test device mainly includes a water storage tank 1, a flow pump 2, a test operation box 8, a rotary opening and closing door 19, a rainfall nozzle 7, a temperature controller 4, an air dehumidifier 14, and a temperature controller. Humidity sensor 5, wind simulator 9, vegetation cultivation box 15, electric jack 16, steel plate with holes 12, aluminum plate with holes 11, angle measuring instrument 28, detachable shading plate 18, water collecting funnel 20, condensation pipe 21, rainwater Collecting device 24 , fixing bracket 25 and condensation water collecting device 23 .

Among them, the rainfall nozzle 7, the flow pump 2, the water storage barrel 1, and the water delivery conduit 3 jointly form a rainfall assembly; the water collection funnel 20 and the rainwater collection device 24 jointly form a collection assembly. The vegetation cultivation box 15 is arranged in the test operation box 8, and the top is provided with a perforated roof 29 for the vegetation stalks to pass through; the rainfall nozzle 7 is located in the test operation box 8 as the output end of the rainfall assembly, and the rainfall area is covered with vegetation. The vegetation cultivated by the cultivation box 15; the collection funnel 20 is also positioned in the test operation box 8 as the collection end of the collection assembly, and the rainfall sprinkler 7 rains on the vegetation located in the test operation box 8, and the rainwater falls behind the vegetation canopy, partially The rainwater is intercepted by the canopy of the vegetation, and the rainwater not intercepted by the canopy of the vegetation in the vegetation cultivation box 15 is collected by the collecting component, and the collected rainfall can be obtained.

The test operation box 8 is a box structure, and the first orifice plate is installed in the test operation box 8, and the first orifice plate divides the interior of the test operation box 8 into a rain chamber and a collection chamber arranged in upper and lower layers, the output end of the rain assembly, The vegetation cultivation box 15 is located in the upper rain chamber, the collection assembly is located in the lower collection chamber, and the collection end of the collection assembly communicates with the rain chamber through the first orifice, as shown in Figure 2.

The water storage barrel 1 and the flow pump 2 are arranged outside the test operation box 8. One end of the flow pump 2 is connected to the water storage barrel 1 through the water delivery conduit 3, and the other end is connected to the rainfall nozzle located in the test operation box 8 through the water delivery conduit 3. 7.

The first orifice plate is rotatably connected with the second orifice plate carrying the vegetation cultivation box 15, and the second orifice plate is connected with an angle adjustment mechanism, so as to drive the second orifice plate to rotate and change the plane where the holed top cover 29 of the vegetation cultivation box 15 is located. The included angle of the plane where the first orifice plate is located.

In this embodiment, the first orifice plate is a steel plate with holes 12, and the second orifice plate is an aluminum plate with holes 11. Referring to FIG. 2, the test operation box 8 is a double-layer box structure. Rubber gaskets are arranged to prevent moisture from seeping out; and the upper and lower layers and the perforated steel plate 12 are bolted together for easy assembly and movement. The upper layer of the test operation box 8 is the simulation test variable control part, and the lower layer is the moisture collection component part. Temperature controller 4, rainfall nozzle 7, air dehumidifier 14, temperature and humidity sensor 5, wind simulator 9, electric jack 16, aluminum plate with holes 11, angle measuring instrument 28 and detachable shading plate 18 are installed in the test operation box 8 upper floors. The water collecting funnel 20, the condensation pipe 21, the rainwater collecting device 24 and the condensed water collecting device 23 are all installed in the lower floor of the test operation box 8. Universal wheels 27 are installed at the bottom of the test operation box 8, which can be moved arbitrarily.

The test operation box 8 is equipped with environmental components, and the environment components include a temperature controller 4 , a wind speed adjustment component, an illumination adjustment component, and a humidity adjustment component in the test operation box 8 .

The upper layer of the test operation box 8 is equipped with a revolving door 19, and the top surface and three sides except the revolving door 19 are sealed with transparent glass plates to avoid the influence of the external environment on the test. In addition, corresponding to the illumination adjustment component, the revolving opening and closing door 19 and the detachable shading plate 18 installed on the transparent glass plate 6 on the three sides and the top surface, by adjusting the number and installation position of the shading plate 18 and other parameters, The lighting conditions in the area where the vegetation is located in the test operation box 8 can be adjusted. The removed detachable shading plate 18 can simulate the herbaceous vegetation canopy interception test under natural light conditions; the installed detachable shading plate 18 can simulate the herbaceous vegetation canopy interception under the condition of no light or insufficient light at night test.

The first perforated plate between the upper and lower floors is a perforated steel plate 12. There are a large number of uniformly distributed through holes on the perforated steel plate 12, which is convenient for rainwater to quickly flow into the water collecting funnel 20, and can intercept some fallen leaves or sundries to Prevent the water collecting funnel 20 from being blocked; in addition, the side of the perforated steel plate 12 near the rotary opening and closing door 19 is equipped with a water retaining strip 17 to prevent rainwater from flowing out of the test chamber and affect the test results.

The temperature controller 4 is installed on the plexiglass plate on the top surface of the test operation box 8 to avoid rain damage to the equipment. By adjusting the temperature controller 4, the air temperature on the upper layer of the test operation box 8 can be increased or lowered, and the air temperature on the upper layer of the test operation box can be kept constant, so as to simulate the herbaceous vegetation canopy interception test under different air temperature conditions. The temperature controller 4 in this embodiment can adopt a temperature control mode formed by a heater and a refrigerator, and both the heater and the refrigerator can adopt existing finished equipment.

After the test is over, adjust the temperature controller 4 to increase the air temperature on the upper layer of the test operation box 8, which can accelerate the evaporation of water and dry it to avoid corrosion of various devices and instruments by water.

As shown in Figure 1, the humidity adjustment assembly includes an air dehumidifier 14, and the wind speed adjustment assembly includes a wind simulator 9'; the air dehumidifier 14 and the wind simulator 9 are installed in the upper layer of the test operation box 8 except the rotary opening and closing door 19 Any two inner sides of the outside can be arranged opposite to each other or adjacent to each other. The air dehumidifier 14 outlets are connected to the test operation box 8 respectively, and the air dehumidifier 14 outlets are connected to the condensed water collection device 23 through the condensation pipe 21 to adjust the air humidity in the area where the vegetation cultivation box 15 is located; the outlet of the wind simulator 9 The end is connected to the test operation box 8, and acts on the vegetation cultivated by the vegetation cultivation box 15.

The initial air humidity on the upper layer of the test operation box 8 can be controlled by adjusting the air dehumidifier 14, so that the herbaceous vegetation canopy interception test under different initial air humidity conditions can be simulated. The wind speed can be controlled by adjusting the wind simulator 9, so that the interception characteristics of the herbaceous vegetation canopy under different wind speed conditions can be studied. After the test is over, adjusting the air dehumidifier 14 can accelerate the absorption of the moisture adsorbed on the surface of each device in the test operation box 8; adjusting the wind simulator 9 can accelerate the air flow, promote moisture evaporation, and prevent moisture from corroding each device and instrument .

The temperature and humidity sensor 5 is arranged above the rainfall nozzle 7 and away from the temperature controller 4, so as to avoid affecting the monitoring of air temperature and humidity due to being too close to the temperature controller 4 and rainfall, so that the data monitoring is more accurate. The temperature and humidity sensor 5 can monitor and display the air temperature and humidity on the upper floor of the test operation box 8 in real time.

As shown in Figure 3, the vegetation cultivation box 15 can be a box structure of any shape, including a soil box 30 with an open top and a top cover with holes 29, which is placed on the aluminum plate with holes 11 during the test. The soil box 30 and the top cover with holes 29 are all made of transparent materials, so that whether rainwater infiltrates into the soil box 30 during the observation test is convenient.

The soil box 30 and the top cover with holes 29 are sealed together by transparent adhesive strips, which can be waterproof and convenient for disassembly, and can realize the repeated utilization of the incubator. There are some small drainage vents at the bottom of the soil box 30, which are beneficial to vegetation growth and daily maintenance. The soil box 30 is used to contain the soil needed for cultivating herbaceous vegetation.

After the soil box 30 and the perforated top cover 29 are sealed, the herbaceous vegetation seeds can be planted through the aperture of the perforated top cover 29, and the herbaceous vegetation in the natural environment can also be transplanted into the hole of the cultivation box top cover. For avoiding that rainwater infiltrates the soil box 30 through the aperture of the top cover during the test, the pores around the vegetation stalks on the perforated top cover 29 are sealed with waterproof cement before the test begins. After the experiment, the transplanted herbaceous vegetation can be returned to the sampling location to avoid damaging the ecological environment.

Using the same soil box 30, just replace the perforated top cover 29 with different hole shapes, sizes, layouts and densities to conduct tests on different influencing factors, which is simple and convenient, and can also be reused and save materials. For the convenience of transplanting herbaceous vegetation of different root system forms into the vegetation cultivation box 15, the aperture on the banded top cover 29 of the vegetation cultivation box 15 can be made into any shape according to the actual root system morphology; size, different orifice sizes can be made. According to different vegetation layout conditions, it is also possible to make roofs with different orifice arrangements, such as triangular arrangement, square arrangement, circular arrangement, five-pointed star arrangement, concentric circle arrangement, strip arrangement, etc.; the orifice arrangement density can be determined by Adjust the distance between two adjacent orifices and the number of orifices to adjust. By using perforated top covers 29 with different opening arrangements and arrangement densities, the arrangement forms and densities of herbaceous vegetation can be changed to study the influence of vegetation arrangement forms and planting densities on canopy interception.

Referring to Fig. 2, the angle adjustment mechanism includes an electric jack 16 and an angle measuring instrument 28, forming a set of slope adjustment system for the second orifice plate and the vegetation cultivation box 15 carried therein.

The bottom end of the electric jack 16 is installed on the steel plate 12 with holes, and the top is connected with the aluminum plate 11 with holes. The perforated aluminum plate 11 is connected with the perforated steel plate 12 through the hinged joint 13, and can rotate freely around the hinged joint 13; the bottom of the perforated aluminum plate 11 is equipped with an anti-slip retaining strip 10, which is used to keep the vegetation cultivation box 15 stable and avoid the test Vegetation cultivation box 15 slides downwards in the process. When the electric jack 16 is not installed, the herbaceous vegetation canopy interception test in the flat state can be simulated; after the electric jack 16 is installed, the inclination angle of the perforated aluminum plate 11 can be adjusted by adjusting the lifting height of the electric jack 16, so that different slope conditions can be simulated Canopy interception test of herbaceous vegetation. The inclination angle of the perforated aluminum plate 11 is measured and displayed by an angle measuring instrument 28 .

The water collection funnel 20 adopts the shape of an inverted quadrangular pyramid, which is convenient for rainwater to quickly collect and flow into the rainwater collection device 24; the water collection funnel 20 is made of transparent plastic plate, which is light in weight, convenient for observing the test process, and will not absorb rainwater. The water collecting funnel 20 is installed below the perforated steel plate 12 and can be disassembled, so that the inside of the water collecting funnel 20 can be cleaned and maintained in time after the test ends. The water outlet at the bottom of the water collecting funnel 20 has a filter screen to prevent fallen leaves or sundries washed by rainwater from entering the rainwater collection device 24 during the test, which will affect the test results.

The air dehumidifier 14 is connected with the condensation pipe 21, and the absorbed water vapor is liquefied through the condensation pipe 21, and flows into the condensed water collection device 23 for collection. The liquefied water can be used for rainfall or cultivation of vegetation, recycling, and saving water resources.

The rainwater collection device 24 is used to collect penetrating rainfall and stalk flow, and can display the volume of collected rainfall in real time. The rainwater collection device 24 is installed on the test box base 26 at the bottom of the test operation box 8 through a fixed bracket 25 . In order to prevent the influence of evaporation on the experimental results, there is a cover plate 22 with a hole at the upper end of the rainwater collection device 24. The size of the orifice of the cover plate 22 with a hole is consistent with the size of the water outlet of the water collecting funnel 20. The cover plate 22 with a hole can be freely remove.

The water storage tank 1, the flow pump 2 and the rainfall nozzle 7 are connected in series through the water delivery conduit 3 to form a rainfall simulation system. The water storage barrel 1 has a measurement scale, which can verify the water output of the flow pump 2 . The flow pump 2 can display the excess water in real time, that is, the rainfall.

The rainfall simulation system has three functions. One is to adjust the rainfall intensity and rainfall by adjusting the flow and velocity of the flow pump 2, thereby simulating different rainfall conditions; Test requirements, improve the air humidity in the upper layer of the test operation box 8 by rainfall; the third is to wet the water passing devices such as the perforated aluminum plate 11, the perforated steel plate 12 and the water collecting funnel 20 before the test, so as to avoid part of the rainwater adsorption in the test process. The surface of the device affects the test results.

Example 2

In another typical embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Fig. 1-Fig. 3, a test method of a herbaceous vegetation canopy interception monitoring test device is provided.

Referring to Fig. 1-Fig. 3, the test method includes:

Determine the perforated top cover 29 based on the herbaceous vegetation selected in the test, prepare the vegetation cultivation box 15, make the vegetation stalks pass through the aperture of the perforated top cover 29, and block the pores between the vegetation stalks and the aperture;

Adjust the environment in the test operation box 8, adjust the rainfall intensity and rainfall, and carry out the canopy rainfall interception simulation test;

Real-time monitoring of the rainfall of the rainfall component and the collected rainfall of the collection component to obtain the canopy interception.

Adjust the attitude of the vegetation cultivation box 15 in the test operation box 8 and the parameter state of the environmental components in the test operation box 8, and repeat the test; before the rain operation, make the rainwater wet the various components of the vegetation cultivation box 15 in the test operation box 8 .

Specifically, with reference to Example 1 and Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the above-mentioned test method suitable for interception monitoring of herbaceous vegetation canopy will be described in detail.

Include the following steps:

Step 1: According to the root form, root diameter, stem size of the herbaceous vegetation selected in the test, and the vegetation distribution form and density required for the study, determine the shape, size, layout and density of the hole roof 29, and process Make the perforated top cover 29. The soil box 30 is filled with soil, the perforated top cover 29 and the soil box 30 are sealed with transparent adhesive strips, and the vegetation cultivation box 15 is prepared.

Step 2: plant herbaceous vegetation seeds in the holes of the perforated top cover 29 of the vegetation cultivation box 15 according to research needs, or transplant herbaceous vegetation in the natural environment into the holes of the perforated top cover 29 . The planted or transplanted herbaceous vegetation is cultivated for a period of time in the vegetation cultivation box 15, and the growth state of the vegetation is observed. If there are vegetation that does not germinate seeds or grows poorly, replant or replant in time.

Step 3: Build the test operation box 8, and put the temperature controller 4, air dehumidifier 14, temperature and humidity sensor 5, wind simulator 9, electric jack 16, aluminum plate with holes 11, anti-skid bar 10, and hinged joints 13. The water retaining strip 17, the angle measuring instrument 28, the detachable shading plate 18, the water collecting funnel 20, the rainwater collection device 24 and the condensation water collection device 23 are installed in the corresponding positions of the test operation box 8. The water storage barrel 1, the flow pump 2 and the rainfall sprinkler 7 are connected in series through the water delivery conduit 3. Commissioning of all test rigs and sensor equipment. The corresponding devices and instruments need to be installed and debugged only during the first test, and the subsequent tests only need to be calibrated irregularly for each device and instrument.

Step 4: After the test device is debugged and calibrated, the temperature and humidity sensor 5 is turned on to measure the air temperature and air humidity in the upper layer of the test operation box 8 . According to the air temperature required by the test, the temperature controller 4 is opened to adjust the air temperature on the upper floor of the test operation box 8 . If the initial air humidity on the upper floor of the test operation box 8 is lower than the air humidity required by the test, then turn on the flow pump 2 for rainfall to increase the air humidity on the upper floor of the test operation box 8; if the initial air humidity on the upper floor of the test operation box 8 is higher than the test requirement air humidity, then open the air dehumidifier 14 to reduce the air humidity on the upper floor of the test operation box 8.

Step 5: Turn on the flow pump 2, fill the water delivery conduit 3 with water, and make the rainwater wet the perforated aluminum plate 11, the perforated steel plate 12 and the water collecting funnel 20 and other water passing devices, so as to avoid part of the rainwater being adsorbed on the device during the test. surface, which has an impact on the test results. Then close the flow pump 2, record the water flow of the flow pump 2 at this time as V1, and the water volume in the rainwater collection device 24 as S1, then clear the water flow volume of the flow pump 2 and the water volume displayed by the rainwater collection device 24.

Step 6: Use waterproof cement to seal the pores around the vegetation stalks on the perforated top cover 29 of the vegetation cultivation box 15 . The vegetation cultivation box 15 is placed on the aluminum plate 11 with holes, and one end of the vegetation cultivation box 15 is against the anti-skid bar 10 . Adjust the height of the electric jack 16, and adjust the perforated aluminum plate 11 to the slope required by the test.

Step 7: Close the rotary opening and closing door 19, and according to the requirements of the test light conditions, if the herbaceous vegetation canopy interception test under simulated natural light conditions is simulated, the detachable shading plate 18 is not installed; if there is no light or insufficient light simulated at night For the herbaceous vegetation canopy interception test under certain conditions, a detachable shade 18 is installed on the plexiglass plates on the three sides and the top surface of the upper layer of the test operation box 8 and on the rotary opening and closing door 19 .

Step 8: Turn on the wind simulator 9, and adjust the wind speed according to the test requirements.

Step 9: Turn on the flow pump 2 again, adjust the flow rate and velocity of the flow pump 2 according to the rainfall intensity and rainfall required by the test, and carry out the canopy rainfall interception simulation test.

Step 10: During the test, the excess water V2 of the flow pump 2 (that is, the rainfall) and the rainfall S2 in the rainwater collection device 24 are monitored in real time. When the difference between the excess water of the flow pump 2 and the rainfall in the rainwater collection device 24 no longer changes with time, the flow pump 2 is turned off and the test is stopped. Canopy interception=overwater (V2) of flow pump 2-rainfall (S2) in rainwater collection device 24, according to real-time monitoring data, not only the maximum canopy interception can be obtained, but also real-time canopy interception can be obtained to grasp different The dynamic change process of herbaceous vegetation canopy interception with time under experimental conditions.

Step eleven: take out the vegetation cultivation box 15, adjust the temperature controller 4, the air dehumidifier 14 and the wind simulator 9, and accelerate the evaporation of the moisture remaining on the surface of each device in the accelerated test operation box 8, and perform drying treatment to avoid moisture Corrosion of various devices and instruments.

Step 12: Clean up the waterproof cement on the top cover with holes 29, and remove the top cover with holes 29 after cleaning. If it is the planted herbaceous vegetation, it can continue to be cultivated in the vegetation cultivation box 15, or it can be removed, and after it is re-stabilized, it can be recycled for new tests. In the case of transplanted herbaceous vegetation, the transplanted vegetation is returned to the sampling location.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a monitoring test device is held back to herbaceous vegetation canopy which characterized in that includes:

a test operation box;

the vegetation cultivation box is arranged in the test operation box, and the top of the vegetation cultivation box is provided with a top cover with holes for the vegetation stalks to pass through;

the output end of the rainfall component is positioned in the test operation box, and the rainfall area covers the vegetation cultivated in the vegetation cultivation box; and the collecting assembly is positioned in the test operation box and used for acquiring the rainfall which is not intercepted by the vegetation canopy.

2. The vegetation canopy interception monitoring test device of claim 1, further comprising an environment component, wherein the environment component comprises a temperature controller, a wind speed adjusting component, a light adjusting component and a humidity adjusting component which are arranged in the test operation box.

3. The vegetation canopy entrapment monitoring test apparatus of claim 2, wherein the humidity adjusting assembly comprises an air dehumidifier, an inlet end of the air dehumidifier is communicated with the test operation box, and an outlet end of the air dehumidifier is communicated with the condensate water collecting device through a condensing pipe so as to adjust the air humidity of the area where the vegetation cultivation box is located.

4. The vegetation canopy interception monitoring test device of claim 2, wherein the illumination adjusting component comprises a light screen, the light screen is detachably connected with the test operation box, and the illumination condition of the vegetation in the test operation box is adjusted by adjusting the number and/or the installation position.

5. The vegetation canopy interception monitoring test device of claim 2, wherein the wind speed adjusting component comprises a wind simulator, the outlet end of the wind simulator is communicated with the test operation box and acts on vegetation cultivated in the vegetation cultivation box;

the temperature controller is used for adjusting or maintaining the temperature in the test operation box.

6. The vegetation canopy interception monitoring test device of claim 1, wherein a first pore plate is installed in the test operation box, the first pore plate divides the interior of the test operation box into a rainfall cavity and a collection cavity, the output end of the rainfall component and the vegetation cultivation box are located in the rainfall cavity, the collection component is located in the collection cavity, and the collection end of the collection component is communicated with the rainfall cavity through the first pore plate.

7. The vegetation canopy interception monitoring test device of claim 6, wherein the first pore plate is rotatably connected with a second pore plate for bearing the vegetation cultivation box, and the second pore plate is connected with an angle adjusting mechanism for driving the second pore plate to rotate so as to change the included angle between the plane of the top cover with holes of the vegetation cultivation box and the plane of the first pore plate.

8. The herbaceous vegetation canopy interception monitoring test device of claim 1, wherein the rainfall component comprises a rainfall sprayer, a water delivery conduit and a water storage barrel which are connected in sequence, and a flow pump is arranged on the water delivery conduit; or the like, or, alternatively,

the top cover with holes of the vegetation incubator is provided with various specifications, and the top cover with holes of different specifications is different in orifice shape, size, arrangement form and/or density.

9. A test method of the herbaceous vegetation canopy interception monitoring test device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by comprising the following steps:

determining a top cover with holes according to herbaceous vegetation selected in a test, preparing a vegetation cultivation box, enabling vegetation stems to penetrate through the holes of the top cover with the holes, and blocking the holes between the vegetation stems and the holes;

adjusting the environment in the test operation box, adjusting the rainfall intensity and the rainfall capacity, and performing a canopy rainfall interception simulation test; and monitoring the rainfall of the rainfall assembly and the collection rainfall of the collection assembly in real time to obtain the canopy interception amount.

10. The testing method of the herbaceous vegetation canopy interception monitoring testing device of claim 9, characterized in that the posture of the vegetation incubator in the testing operation box is adjusted, and the test is repeated; before rainfall operation, the rainwater wets each component of the vegetation incubator in the test operation box.

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