CN115684495A - Herbaceous vegetation canopy interception monitoring test device and method - Google Patents
Herbaceous vegetation canopy interception monitoring test device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a herbaceous vegetation canopy interception monitoring test device and a method, relates to the technical field of vegetation canopy rainfall interception monitoring, and aims at solving the problem that the existing herbaceous vegetation canopy interception process is inconvenient to monitor; compared with the method of inverting the vegetation or pulling out the vegetation with roots and the like, the test of the herbaceous vegetation in the incubator can ensure that the herbaceous vegetation is in a natural growth state, the normal water absorption function of the vegetation is not influenced, and the measurement result is more accurate; the influence of different environmental temperatures, initial humidity, wind speed, illumination, gradient, vegetation planting density, arrangement mode and the like on the herbaceous plant canopy interception process can be comprehensively and accurately simulated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vegetation canopy rainfall interception monitoring, in particular to a herbaceous vegetation canopy interception monitoring test device and method.
Background
Rainwater is redistributed into three parts after falling to a vegetation canopy: a part of rainwater is absorbed by the blades or adsorbed on the surfaces of the blades to form canopy interception; a part of rainfall flows into the ground along the branches to form a stalk flow; the rest rain falls on the ground surface through the gaps between the branches and leaves to form penetrating rainfall. Therefore, the canopy intercept rainfall can be calculated by adopting a water balance method, namely: canopy interception = total rainfall-penetration rainfall-stalk flux. However, because the canopy of the herbaceous plant is short and compact, the penetration rainfall and the stem flow are not easy to be directly measured, and the interception and determination of the canopy of the herbaceous plant mainly adopts a water immersion method, a wiping method and a rainfall simulation method at present.
In the prior art, such as the apparatus and method disclosed in CN102918422A, although the canopy interception process of herbaceous vegetation can be monitored without destroying the original state of vegetation, the measurement method can cause part of penetrating rainfall to infiltrate into the soil, and because herbaceous vegetation and soil are a continuum, the amount of water infiltrating into the soil is difficult to be accurately measured, so the influence of soil factors on the measurement result cannot be eliminated; in addition, it can only simulate the effect of different natural rainfall conditions on the herbaceous plant retention. In fact, the rainfall interception of the vegetation canopy is a very complicated process, and besides the influence of rainfall characteristics, the rainfall interception of the herbaceous vegetation canopy is also influenced and restricted by various factors such as environmental characteristics, meteorological conditions, vegetation characteristics and the like. In the prior art, for example, the device disclosed in CN212228872U eliminates the influence of soil factors on the measurement result, and can adjust the density and gradient of the herbaceous plants, but this method needs to cut off the herbaceous vegetation leaves or pull out the plants with roots to fix them on the wire netting, which not only damages the vegetations, but also cannot simulate the influence of atmospheric temperature, humidity, wind speed, illumination and vegetation arrangement mode on the rainfall interception of herbaceous plants.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a herbaceous vegetation canopy interception monitoring test device and a method, wherein a vegetation cultivation box is provided with a top cover with holes for the cultivated vegetation stems to pass through, so that the vegetation is not damaged, the influence of soil factors can be eliminated, a rainfall test is carried out in a test operation box provided with various environmental components, and the influence of different environmental conditions on the herbaceous vegetation canopy interception process is simulated by monitoring the rainfall and the rainfall which is not intercepted by the vegetation canopy.
The invention aims to provide a herbaceous vegetation canopy interception monitoring test device, which adopts the following scheme:
the method comprises the following steps:
a test operation box;
the vegetation cultivation box is arranged in the test operation box, and the top of the vegetation cultivation box is provided with a top cover with holes for the vegetation stalks to pass through;
the output end of the rainfall component is positioned in the test operation box, and the rainfall area covers the vegetation cultivated in the vegetation cultivation box;
and the collecting end of the collecting component is positioned in the test operation box and used for acquiring the rainfall which is not intercepted by the vegetation canopy.
Further, still include the environment subassembly, the environment subassembly is including installing temperature controller, wind speed adjusting part, illumination adjusting part, the humidity control subassembly in experimental control box.
Further, humidity control assembly includes the air dehumidifier, and air dehumidifier entry end intercommunication test operation case, air dehumidifier exit end pass through condenser pipe intercommunication comdenstion water collection device to the air humidity in adjustment vegetation artificial containers place region.
Further, illumination adjusting part includes the light screen, and the light screen can be dismantled and connect experimental control box, through the illumination condition of adjusting the interior vegetation of figure and/or mounted position regulation experimental control box.
Further, the wind speed adjusting assembly comprises a wind simulator, and the outlet end of the wind simulator is communicated with the test operation box and acts on vegetation cultivated in the vegetation cultivation box.
Further, install first orifice plate in the experimental operation case, first orifice plate separates the experimental operation incasement for the rainfall chamber and collects the chamber, and the output of rainfall subassembly, vegetation artificial containers are located the rainfall intracavity, and the collection subassembly is located the collection intracavity, and the collection end of collecting the subassembly through first orifice plate intercommunication rainfall chamber.
Further, rotate on the first orifice plate and be connected with the second orifice plate that bears the weight of vegetation artificial containers, the second orifice plate is connected with angle adjustment mechanism to drive the second orifice plate and rotate the contained angle that changes the foraminiferous top cap place plane of vegetation artificial containers and first orifice plate place plane.
Furthermore, the rainfall assembly comprises a rainfall spray head, a water delivery conduit and a water storage barrel which are connected in sequence, and a flow pump is installed on the water delivery conduit; or the top cover with holes of the vegetation incubator is provided with a plurality of specifications, and the top covers with holes of different specifications are different in shape, size, arrangement form and/or density.
A second object of the present invention is to provide a test method using the vegetation canopy interception monitoring test apparatus according to the first object, comprising:
determining a top cover with holes according to herbaceous vegetation selected in a test, preparing a vegetation cultivation box, enabling vegetation stems to penetrate through the holes of the top cover with the holes, and blocking the holes between the vegetation stems and the holes;
adjusting the environment in the test operation box, adjusting rainfall intensity and rainfall capacity, and performing a canopy rainfall interception simulation test;
and monitoring the rainfall of the rainfall assembly and the collection rainfall of the collection assembly in real time to obtain the canopy interception amount.
Further, adjusting the posture of the vegetation cultivation box in the test operation box, and repeating the test; before rainfall operation, the rainwater wets each component of the vegetation incubator in the test operation box.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
(1) Aiming at the problem that the existing herbaceous vegetation canopy interception process is inconvenient to monitor, the vegetation cultivation box is provided with the top cover with holes for the cultivated vegetation stems to pass through, so that the vegetation is not damaged, the influence of soil factors can be eliminated, and the monitoring effect on herbaceous vegetation canopy interception is improved; compared with methods such as inverting vegetation or pulling out vegetation with roots, the herbaceous vegetation is tested in the incubator, so that the herbaceous vegetation is in a natural growth state, the normal water absorption function of the vegetation is not influenced, and the measurement result is more accurate.
(2) To the problem that can not simulate the influence of multiple environment to herbaceous plant rainfall interception volume at present, carry out the rainfall test in the experimental operation case of installing all kinds of environment subassemblies, can simulate the influence to herbaceous plant canopy interception process such as different ambient temperature, initial humidity, wind speed, illumination, slope and vegetation planting density and arrangement mode comprehensively accurately, the function is more comprehensive.
(3) To the environmental component in the experimental operation case, through single regulation or adjust each environmental component jointly, both can simulate the influence of single variable to herbaceous plant canopy and hold back the process, also can simulate the influence of multivariable combined action to herbaceous plant canopy and hold back the process.
(4) The rainfall and the rainfall which is not intercepted by the vegetation canopy are monitored, the maximum canopy interception of the herbaceous vegetation can be obtained, the canopy interception can be monitored in real time, and the dynamic change process of the herbaceous vegetation canopy interception with time under different test conditions is obtained.
(5) The vegetation cultivation box uses the same soil box, and tests of different influence factors can be carried out only by replacing the top covers with holes with different hole opening shapes, sizes, arrangement forms and densities, so that the vegetation cultivation box is simple and convenient, can realize cyclic utilization and saves materials; after the test is finished, the planted vegetation can be moved out for a new test and recycled after the water absorption reaches a new stable state; the transplanted vegetation can be replaced to the sampling position without environmental damage.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are included to illustrate an exemplary embodiment of the invention and not to limit the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vegetation canopy interception monitoring test device in embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic front view of a vegetation canopy interception monitoring test device in embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a vegetation incubator in embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.
The system comprises a water storage barrel 1, a flow pump 2, a water delivery conduit 3, a temperature controller 4, a temperature and humidity sensor 5, a transparent glass plate 6, a rainfall spray head 7, a test operation box 8, a wind power simulator 9, an anti-slip barrier strip 10, an aluminum plate with holes 11, a steel plate with holes 12, a hinged hinge 13, an air dehumidifier 14, a vegetation cultivation box 15, an electric jack 16, a water retaining strip 17, a shading plate 18, a rotary opening and closing door 19, a water collecting funnel 20, a condenser pipe 21, a cover plate with holes 22, a condensate water collecting device 23, a rainwater collecting device 24, a fixing support 25, a test box base 26, a universal wheel 27, an angle measuring instrument 28, a cover plate with holes 29 and a soil box 30.
Detailed Description
The rainfall interception of the vegetation canopy is one of the important links in the water circulation process in the soil-vegetation-atmosphere continuum, and is directly related to the distribution of rainfall and the effective utilization of water by plants. The rainfall interception of the vegetation canopy can influence various ecological hydrological functions, for example, the rainfall of the vegetation canopy, which is intercepted partially, reduces the rainfall reaching the ground, thereby changing the surface runoff and the soil infiltration capacity and influencing the absorption and utilization of the vegetation on the soil moisture; secondly, kinetic energy of raindrops is reduced by canopy interception, erosion of rainwater to the earth surface can be weakened, and water and soil loss is reduced; in addition, moisture trapped on the blade surface can also regulate atmospheric temperature and humidity by evaporation into the atmosphere. Therefore, the clear rainfall interception characteristic of the vegetation canopy and the influence factors thereof have important scientific significance for researching the ecological environment protection of the area, the effective utilization of vegetation moisture, the ecological hydrological process and the like.
At present, the retaining and measuring of the vegetation canopy mainly adopts a soaking method, a wiping method and a rainfall simulation method. By adopting a water immersion method, most researches are carried out by cutting leaves of herbaceous vegetation flush with the ground surface and immersing the leaves into water, and the canopy interception amount is calculated according to the weight change of the leaves before and after water absorption, which can damage the vegetation; in order to avoid damage to vegetation, partial research also includes that after the vegetation is inverted, the vegetation is immersed in water, and the weight change before and after water absorption is weighed, but the vegetation is inverted, the normal water absorption function of the vegetation can be influenced, so that the measurement result is inaccurate. The wiping rule can only measure the amount of water adsorbed on the surface of the blade, the water absorbed by the blade cannot be measured, and the wiping rule is inconvenient to operate and poor in measurement accuracy in a compact plant grove. The rainfall simulation method needs to cut off the leaves of the herbaceous vegetation flush with the ground surface or pull out the leaves with the roots, clean the roots, then cuttage is carried out on the surfaces of the wire netting or the soil sieve according to different densities, and the canopy interception amount is calculated according to a water balance method, but the method can damage the herbaceous vegetation.
Example 1
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1-3, a test device for monitoring the interception of vegetation canopy is provided.
The device and the method related to the existing herbaceous vegetation canopy interception monitoring test have certain defects, herbaceous vegetation is easy to damage in the canopy interception monitoring test process, soil factors influence the monitoring process, rainfall interception characteristics of the herbaceous vegetation under different environments and meteorological conditions cannot be comprehensively and accurately measured, and the rainfall interception process of the herbaceous vegetation and the influence of the rainfall interception process on the ecological hydrological process are difficult to determine.
Based on this, this embodiment provides a monitoring test device is held back to herbaceous vegetation canopy, can neither destroy the vegetation, can get rid of the soil factor influence again, can also simulate different ambient temperature, initial humidity, wind speed, illumination, slope and vegetation planting density and arrangement mode etc. to the influence of herbaceous vegetation canopy process of holding back comprehensively accurately.
The vegetation canopy interception monitoring test apparatus in this embodiment will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the herbaceous vegetation canopy interception monitoring test device mainly comprises a water storage barrel 1, a flow pump 2, a test operation box 8, a rotary opening and closing door 19, a rainfall sprayer 7, a temperature controller 4, an air dehumidifier 14, a temperature and humidity sensor 5, a wind simulator 9, a vegetation cultivation box 15, an electric jack 16, a perforated steel plate 12, a perforated aluminum plate 11, an angle measuring instrument 28, a detachable light screen 18, a water collecting funnel 20, a condenser pipe 21, a rainwater collecting device 24, a fixed support 25 and a condensate water collecting device 23.
Wherein, the rainfall spray head 7, the flow pump 2, the water storage barrel 1 and the water delivery conduit 3 jointly form a rainfall assembly; the collection assembly is composed of the water collection funnel 20 and the rainwater collection device 24. The vegetation cultivation box 15 is arranged in the test operation box 8, and the top of the vegetation cultivation box is provided with a top cover 29 with holes for the vegetation stalks to pass through; the rainfall sprayer 7 is used as an output end of the rainfall component and is positioned in the test operation box 8, and the rainfall area covers the vegetation cultivated in the vegetation cultivation box 15; collecting funnel 20 also is located experimental operation case 8 as the collection end of collecting the subassembly, and rainfall shower nozzle 7 is to rainfall on the vegetation that is located experimental operation case 8, and the rainwater falls to vegetation canopy after, and part rainwater is held back by the vegetation canopy, and the rainwater that is not held back by the canopy of vegetation in vegetation incubator 15 is collected by the collection subassembly to can acquire the rainfall of collecting.
The experimental operation case 8 is the box structure, installs first orifice plate in the experimental operation case 8, and first orifice plate is the rainfall chamber and the collection chamber that are upper and lower floor's arrangement with experimental operation case 8 internal partitioning, and the output of rainfall subassembly, vegetation artificial containers 15 are located the rainfall intracavity on upper strata, and the collection subassembly is located the collection intracavity on lower floor, and the collection end of collecting the subassembly through first orifice plate intercommunication rainfall chamber, as shown in fig. 2.
The water storage barrel 1 and the flow pump 2 are arranged outside the test operation box 8, one end of the flow pump 2 is connected into the water storage barrel 1 through the water delivery conduit 3, and the other end of the flow pump is connected into the rainfall sprayer 7 in the test operation box 8 through the water delivery conduit 3.
The second pore plate which bears the vegetation incubator 15 is connected to the first pore plate in a rotating mode, and the second pore plate is connected with an angle adjusting mechanism to drive the second pore plate to rotate to change the included angle between the plane of the top cover 29 with the holes of the vegetation incubator 15 and the plane of the first pore plate.
In this embodiment, the first orifice plate is a steel plate 12 with holes, the second orifice plate is an aluminum plate 11 with holes, see fig. 2, the test operation box 8 is a double-layer box structure, and rubber gaskets are arranged between the upper layer and the lower layer and between the steel plate 12 with holes to prevent water from seeping; and the upper layer and the lower layer are fixed with the steel plate 12 with holes by bolts, so that the assembly and the movement are convenient. The upper layer of the test operation box 8 is a simulation test variable control part, and the lower layer is a moisture collection component part. The temperature controller 4, the rainfall sprayer 7, the air dehumidifier 14, the temperature and humidity sensor 5, the wind power simulator 9, the electric jack 16, the aluminum plate with holes 11, the angle measuring instrument 28 and the detachable light screen 18 are arranged on the upper layer of the test operation box 8. The water collecting funnel 20, the condensation pipe 21, the rainwater collecting device 24 and the condensed water collecting device 23 are all arranged on the lower layer of the test operation box 8. The bottom of the test operation box 8 is provided with universal wheels 27 which can move freely.
The test operation box 8 is provided with an environment component which comprises a temperature controller 4, a wind speed adjusting component, a light adjusting component and a humidity adjusting component in the test operation box 8.
The upper layer of the test operation box 8 is provided with a rotary opening and closing door 19, and the top surface and three side surfaces except the rotary opening and closing door 19 are sealed by transparent glass plates so as to avoid the influence of the external environment on the test. In addition, corresponding to the illumination adjusting assembly, the detachable light shielding plates 18 are arranged on the rotary opening and closing door 19 and the transparent glass plates 6 on the three side surfaces and the top surface, and the illumination conditions of the area where the plants are located in the test operation box 8 can be adjusted by adjusting the parameters such as the installation number, the installation position and the like of the light shielding plates 18. The detachable shading plate 18 can simulate the herbaceous vegetation canopy interception test under the natural illumination condition; the detachable light screen 18 can simulate the herbaceous vegetation canopy interception test under the condition of no illumination or insufficient illumination at night.
The first pore plate between the upper layer and the lower layer is a perforated steel plate 12, a large number of uniformly distributed small through holes are formed in the perforated steel plate 12, rainwater can flow into the water collecting funnel 20 quickly, and part of fallen leaves or impurities can be intercepted to prevent the water collecting funnel 20 from being blocked; in addition, a water retaining strip 17 is installed on one side, close to the rotary opening and closing door 19, of the perforated steel plate 12, so that rainwater is prevented from flowing out of the test box and affecting a test result.
The temperature controller 4 is installed on a plexiglass plate on the top surface of the test operating box 8 to avoid rain damage to the equipment. The temperature controller 4 can be adjusted to raise or lower the air temperature of the upper layer of the test operation box 8, and the air temperature of the upper layer of the test operation box can be kept constant, so that the herbaceous vegetation canopy interception test under different air temperature conditions can be simulated. The temperature controller 4 in this embodiment may adopt a temperature control mode formed by a heater and a refrigerator, and both the heater and the refrigerator may adopt existing finished equipment.
After the test is finished, the temperature controller 4 is adjusted, the air temperature on the upper layer of the test operation box 8 is raised, the water evaporation can be accelerated, the drying is carried out, and the corrosion of water to each device and instrument is avoided.
As shown in fig. 1, the humidity regulating assembly comprises an air dehumidifier 14, the wind speed regulating assembly comprises a wind simulator 9; the air dehumidifier 14 and the wind simulator 9 are installed on any two inner side surfaces except the rotary opening and closing door 19 in the upper layer of the test operation box 8, and can be arranged in an opposite way or in an adjacent way. The outlet ends of the air moisture extractors 14 are respectively communicated with the test operation box 8, and the outlet ends of the air moisture extractors 14 are communicated with a condensate water collecting device 23 through a condensing pipe 21 so as to adjust the air humidity of the area where the vegetation cultivation box 15 is located; the outlet end of the wind simulator 9 is communicated with the test operation box 8 and acts on the vegetation cultivated by the vegetation cultivation box 15.
The initial air humidity in the upper layer of the test cabinet 8 can be controlled by adjusting the air dehumidifier 14 so that the vegetation canopy interception test can be simulated under different initial air humidity conditions. The wind speed can be controlled by adjusting the wind simulator 9, so that the grass vegetation canopy interception characteristics under different wind speed conditions can be researched. After the test is finished, the air dehumidifier 14 is adjusted to accelerate the absorption of the moisture adsorbed on the surfaces of the devices in the test operation box 8; the wind force simulator 9 is adjusted to accelerate the air flow, promote the water evaporation and avoid the corrosion of the water to each device and instrument.
Temperature and humidity sensor 5 arranges in rainfall shower nozzle 7 top and keep away from temperature controller 4, avoids influencing the monitoring of air temperature and humidity because of being too close to temperature controller 4 and rainfall, makes data monitoring more accurate. Temperature and humidity sensor 5 can real-time supervision and show experimental operation box 8 upper air temperature and humidity.
As shown in fig. 3, the vegetation box 15 may have a box structure of any shape, and includes an open-topped soil box 30 and a perforated top cover 29, and is placed on the perforated aluminum plate 11 during the test. The soil box 30 and the top cover 29 with holes are made of transparent materials, so that whether rainwater permeates into the soil box 30 in the test process can be conveniently observed.
After the soil box 30 and the top cover 29 with holes are sealed, herbaceous vegetation seeds can be planted through the small holes in the top cover 29 with holes, and herbaceous vegetation in the natural environment can also be transplanted into the holes in the top cover of the incubator. In order to prevent rainwater from permeating into the soil box 30 through the small holes in the top cover during the test, the holes around the vegetation stalks on the top cover 29 with the holes are sealed by waterproof daub before the test is started. After the experiment is finished, the transplanted herbaceous vegetation can be put back to the sampling position again, avoids destroying ecological environment.
The same soil box 30 is used, tests of different influence factors can be carried out only by replacing the top cover 29 with holes with different hole shapes, sizes, arrangement forms and densities, the test is simple and convenient, the repeated utilization can be realized, and materials are saved. In order to facilitate the transplanting and planting of the herbaceous vegetation with different root system forms into the vegetation cultivation box 15, the hole opening on the top cover 29 with the hole of the vegetation cultivation box 15 can be made into any shape according to the actual root system form; different orifice sizes can be manufactured according to different root diameters and sizes of vegetation stalks. The top covers with different hole opening arrangement forms can be manufactured according to different vegetation arrangement conditions, such as triangular arrangement, square arrangement, circular arrangement, pentagram arrangement, concentric circle arrangement, strip arrangement and the like; the arrangement density of the orifices can be adjusted by adjusting the distance between two adjacent orifices and the number of orifices. By using perforated caps 29 of different orifice arrangements and arrangement densities, the arrangement and density of the herbaceous vegetation can be varied to study the effect of vegetation arrangement and planting density on canopy cut-off.
Referring to fig. 2, the angle adjustment mechanism includes an electric jack 16 and an angle measuring device 28, forming a set of grade adjustment system for the second aperture plate and the vegetation incubators 15 carried thereby.
The bottom end of the electric jack 16 is arranged on the steel plate 12 with holes, and the top end is connected with the aluminum plate 11 with holes. The aluminum plate with holes 11 is connected with the steel plate with holes 12 through hinged hinges 13 and can freely rotate around the hinged hinges 13; the bottom end of the aluminum plate with holes 11 is provided with the antiskid barrier strip 10 for keeping the stability of the vegetation incubator 15 and avoiding the downward sliding of the vegetation incubator 15 in the test process. When the electric jack 16 is not installed, the herbaceous vegetation canopy interception test in a flat ground state can be simulated; after the electric jack 16 is installed, the inclination angle of the aluminum plate 11 with the holes can be adjusted by adjusting the lifting height of the electric jack 16, so that the herbaceous vegetation canopy interception test under the condition of different slopes can be simulated. The inclination angle of the perforated aluminum plate 11 is measured and displayed by the angle measuring instrument 28.
The water collection funnel 20 is in the shape of an inverted rectangular pyramid, so that rainwater can be conveniently and quickly collected and flow into the rainwater collection device 24; the funnel that catchments 20 adopts transparent plastic board preparation, and the quality is light, is convenient for observe the experimentation, can not absorb the rainwater moreover. Water collection funnel 20 is installed in foraminiferous steel sheet 12 below, can dismantle, is convenient for in time clear up and maintain water collection funnel 20 inside after experimental. The water outlet at the lower part of the water collecting funnel 20 is provided with a filter screen, so that fallen leaves or sundries which are washed by rainwater in the test process are prevented from entering the rainwater collecting device 24, and the test result is prevented from being influenced.
The rain water collection device 24 is used to collect penetrating rainfall and stalk flow, and can display the volume of collected rainfall in real time. The rainwater collecting device 24 is mounted on a test box base 26 at the bottom of the test operation box 8 through a fixing bracket 25. In order to prevent the influence of evaporation on the experimental results, the upper end of the rainwater collecting device 24 is provided with a perforated cover plate 22, the size of the opening of the perforated cover plate 22 is consistent with the size of the water outlet of the water collecting funnel 20, and the perforated cover plate 22 can be freely removed.
The water storage barrel 1, the flow pump 2 and the rainfall spray head 7 are connected in series through the water delivery conduit 3 to form a set of rainfall simulation system. The water storage barrel 1 is provided with metering scales, and the water yield of the flow pump 2 can be verified. The flow pump 2 can display the amount of excess water, i.e., the amount of rainfall, in real time.
The rainfall simulation system has three functions, namely, the rainfall intensity and the rainfall can be adjusted by adjusting the flow and the flow speed of the flow pump 2, so that different rainfall conditions are simulated; secondly, before the test, if the initial air humidity of the upper layer of the test operation box 8 is lower than the test requirement, the air humidity of the upper layer of the test operation box 8 is improved through rainfall; and thirdly, water passing devices such as the perforated aluminum plate 11, the perforated steel plate 12 and the water collecting funnel 20 are wetted before the test, so that the influence on the test result caused by the adsorption of part of rainwater on the surface of the device in the test process is avoided.
Example 2
In another exemplary embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 1-3, a test method of a test device for monitoring the interception of vegetation canopy is provided.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the test method comprises:
determining the top cover 29 with the holes according to the herbaceous vegetation selected by the experiment, preparing the vegetation incubator 15, enabling the vegetation stalks to pass through the holes of the top cover 29 with the holes, and blocking the holes between the vegetation stalks and the holes;
adjusting the environment in the test operation box 8, adjusting the rainfall intensity and the rainfall capacity, and performing a simulation test of canopy rainfall interception;
and monitoring the rainfall of the rainfall assembly and the collection rainfall of the collection assembly in real time to obtain the canopy interception amount.
Adjusting the posture of the vegetation cultivation box 15 in the test operation box 8 and the parameter states of the environmental components in the test operation box 8, and repeating the test; before the rainfall operation, the rainwater is made to wet the respective components of the vegetation raising box 15 in the test operation box 8.
Specifically, the test method suitable for monitoring the interception of the vegetation canopy is described in detail with reference to example 1, fig. 1 and fig. 2.
The method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: according to the root form, the root diameter and the stem size of the herbaceous vegetation selected in the test and the vegetation distribution form and density required by the research, the shape, the size, the arrangement form and the density of the hole opening of the top cover 29 with the holes are determined, and the top cover 29 with the holes is processed and manufactured. The soil box 30 is filled with soil, the top cover 29 with holes and the soil box 30 are sealed by transparent adhesive tapes, and the vegetation cultivation box 15 is prepared.
Step two: according to the research needs, herbaceous vegetation seeds are planted in the holes of the top cover 29 with holes of the vegetation cultivation box 15, or herbaceous vegetation in the natural environment is transplanted into the holes of the top cover 29 with holes. The planted or transplanted herbaceous vegetation is cultivated in a vegetation cultivation box 15 for a certain period of time, and the vegetation growth state is observed. If non-germinating seeds or vegetation with poor growth exists, timely replanting or replanting is carried out.
Step three: a test operation box 8 is built, and a temperature controller 4, an air dehumidifier 14, a temperature and humidity sensor 5, a wind power simulator 9, an electric jack 16, an aluminum plate with holes 11, an anti-skidding barrier strip 10, a hinged hinge 13, a water retaining strip 17, an angle measuring instrument 28, a detachable light screen 18, a water collecting funnel 20, a rainwater collecting device 24 and a condensate water collecting device 23 are installed at corresponding positions of the test operation box 8. The water storage barrel 1, the flow pump 2 and the rainfall spray head 7 are connected in series through the water conveying conduit 3. All the test devices and sensor equipment were debugged. Corresponding devices and instruments are only required to be installed and debugged during the first test, and the devices and the instruments are only required to be irregularly calibrated during the subsequent tests.
Step four: after the testing device is debugged and calibrated, the temperature and humidity sensor 5 is opened, and the air temperature and the air humidity on the upper layer of the test operation box 8 are measured. According to the air temperature required by the test, the temperature controller 4 is opened to adjust the air temperature of the upper layer of the test operation box 8. If the initial air humidity of the upper layer of the test operation box 8 is lower than the air humidity required by the test, the flow pump 2 is started to perform rainfall so as to improve the air humidity of the upper layer of the test operation box 8; if the initial air humidity of the upper layer of the test operation box 8 is higher than the air humidity required by the test, the air dehumidifier 14 is opened, and the air humidity of the upper layer of the test operation box 8 is reduced.
Step five: the flow pump 2 is opened to enable the water delivery conduit 3 to be filled with water, and rainwater wets the water passing devices such as the perforated aluminum plate 11, the perforated steel plate 12 and the water collecting funnel 20, so that the influence on the test result caused by the fact that part of rainwater is adsorbed on the surface of the device in the test process is avoided. Then, the flow pump 2 is closed, the water passing amount of the flow pump 2 at this time is recorded as V1, the water amount in the rainwater collection device 24 is recorded as S1, and then the water passing amount of the flow pump 2 and the water volume displayed by the rainwater collection device 24 are cleared.
Step six: the waterproof daub is used to seal the holes around the vegetation stalks on the perforated top cover 29 of the vegetation incubator 15. The vegetation cultivation box 15 is placed on the aluminum plate 11 with holes and one end of the vegetation cultivation box 15 is abutted against the anti-slip barrier 10. The height of the electric jack 16 is adjusted, and the perforated aluminum plate 11 is adjusted to the gradient required by the test.
Step seven: closing the rotary opening and closing door 19, and according to the requirements of test illumination conditions, if a herbaceous vegetation canopy interception test under the natural illumination condition is simulated, not installing the detachable light screen 18; if the herbaceous vegetation canopy interception test under the condition of no illumination or insufficient illumination at night is simulated, detachable light shielding plates 18 are respectively arranged on organic glass plates on the three side surfaces and the top surface of the upper layer of the test operation box 8 and on the rotary opening and closing door 19.
Step eight: and (5) opening the wind power simulator 9, and adjusting the wind speed according to the test requirements.
Step nine: and (4) turning on the flow pump 2 again, adjusting the flow and the flow speed of the flow pump 2 according to the rainfall intensity and the rainfall required by the test, and performing a canopy rainfall interception simulation test.
Step ten: during the test, the water flow V2 (i.e., rainfall) of the flow pump 2 and the rainfall S2 in the rainwater collection device 24 are monitored in real time. And when the difference between the water passing amount of the flow pump 2 and the rainfall amount in the rainwater collection device 24 does not change along with the time, closing the flow pump 2 and stopping the test. Canopy interception = the water flow (V2) of flow pump 2 — the rainfall (S2) in rainwater collection device 24, according to the real-time monitoring data, not only can obtain the maximum canopy interception, but also can obtain the real-time canopy interception, and grasp the dynamic change process of the herbaceous vegetation canopy interception with time under different test conditions.
Step eleven: and taking out the vegetation incubator 15, adjusting the temperature controller 4, the air dehumidifier 14 and the wind simulator 9, accelerating the evaporation of the water remained and adsorbed on the surface of each device in the test operation box 8, and drying to avoid the corrosion of the water to each device and instrument.
Step twelve: the waterproof daub of the top cover 29 with the holes is cleaned, and the top cover 29 with the holes is detached after the cleaning is finished. If the vegetation is planted, the vegetation can be continuously cultured in the vegetation incubator 15 or removed, and after the vegetation is stabilized again, the vegetation can be recycled for new tests. If the vegetation is the transplanted herbaceous vegetation, the transplanted vegetation is replaced to the sampling position.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a monitoring test device is held back to herbaceous vegetation canopy which characterized in that includes:
a test operation box;
the vegetation cultivation box is arranged in the test operation box, and the top of the vegetation cultivation box is provided with a top cover with holes for the vegetation stalks to pass through;
the output end of the rainfall component is positioned in the test operation box, and the rainfall area covers the vegetation cultivated in the vegetation cultivation box; and the collecting assembly is positioned in the test operation box and used for acquiring the rainfall which is not intercepted by the vegetation canopy.
2. The vegetation canopy interception monitoring test device of claim 1, further comprising an environment component, wherein the environment component comprises a temperature controller, a wind speed adjusting component, a light adjusting component and a humidity adjusting component which are arranged in the test operation box.
3. The vegetation canopy entrapment monitoring test apparatus of claim 2, wherein the humidity adjusting assembly comprises an air dehumidifier, an inlet end of the air dehumidifier is communicated with the test operation box, and an outlet end of the air dehumidifier is communicated with the condensate water collecting device through a condensing pipe so as to adjust the air humidity of the area where the vegetation cultivation box is located.
4. The vegetation canopy interception monitoring test device of claim 2, wherein the illumination adjusting component comprises a light screen, the light screen is detachably connected with the test operation box, and the illumination condition of the vegetation in the test operation box is adjusted by adjusting the number and/or the installation position.
5. The vegetation canopy interception monitoring test device of claim 2, wherein the wind speed adjusting component comprises a wind simulator, the outlet end of the wind simulator is communicated with the test operation box and acts on vegetation cultivated in the vegetation cultivation box;
the temperature controller is used for adjusting or maintaining the temperature in the test operation box.
6. The vegetation canopy interception monitoring test device of claim 1, wherein a first pore plate is installed in the test operation box, the first pore plate divides the interior of the test operation box into a rainfall cavity and a collection cavity, the output end of the rainfall component and the vegetation cultivation box are located in the rainfall cavity, the collection component is located in the collection cavity, and the collection end of the collection component is communicated with the rainfall cavity through the first pore plate.
7. The vegetation canopy interception monitoring test device of claim 6, wherein the first pore plate is rotatably connected with a second pore plate for bearing the vegetation cultivation box, and the second pore plate is connected with an angle adjusting mechanism for driving the second pore plate to rotate so as to change the included angle between the plane of the top cover with holes of the vegetation cultivation box and the plane of the first pore plate.
8. The herbaceous vegetation canopy interception monitoring test device of claim 1, wherein the rainfall component comprises a rainfall sprayer, a water delivery conduit and a water storage barrel which are connected in sequence, and a flow pump is arranged on the water delivery conduit; or the like, or, alternatively,
the top cover with holes of the vegetation incubator is provided with various specifications, and the top cover with holes of different specifications is different in orifice shape, size, arrangement form and/or density.
9. A test method of the herbaceous vegetation canopy interception monitoring test device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining a top cover with holes according to herbaceous vegetation selected in a test, preparing a vegetation cultivation box, enabling vegetation stems to penetrate through the holes of the top cover with the holes, and blocking the holes between the vegetation stems and the holes;
adjusting the environment in the test operation box, adjusting the rainfall intensity and the rainfall capacity, and performing a canopy rainfall interception simulation test; and monitoring the rainfall of the rainfall assembly and the collection rainfall of the collection assembly in real time to obtain the canopy interception amount.
10. The testing method of the herbaceous vegetation canopy interception monitoring testing device of claim 9, characterized in that the posture of the vegetation incubator in the testing operation box is adjusted, and the test is repeated; before rainfall operation, the rainwater wets each component of the vegetation incubator in the test operation box.
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