CN115683824B - Fracture toughness testing device of test piece under corrosive environment - Google Patents
Fracture toughness testing device of test piece under corrosive environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN115683824B CN115683824B CN202211422177.1A CN202211422177A CN115683824B CN 115683824 B CN115683824 B CN 115683824B CN 202211422177 A CN202211422177 A CN 202211422177A CN 115683824 B CN115683824 B CN 115683824B
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Abstract
The invention provides a fracture toughness testing device for a test piece in a corrosion environment, which belongs to the field of material performance testing, and specifically comprises a reaction kettle unit and a testing unit, wherein: an opening is formed in one side of a reaction kettle main body in the reaction kettle unit, the opening is connected with the extensometer sleeve and the elastic film to realize sealing, and meanwhile, a liquid through hole and an air inlet hole are formed in the reaction kettle main body; the extensometer sleeve stretches into the reaction kettle main body and is connected with the elastic film; the test unit comprises a fixed knife edge and an extensometer, wherein the fixed knife edge is arranged on the outer side of the reaction kettle main body and penetrates through the elastic film to be fixed on a test piece to be tested; the extensometer is connected with the fixed knife edge and is used for monitoring the deformation of the fixed knife edge. According to the invention, the extensometer is separated from the corrosive solution in the reaction kettle main body by the elastic film, so that the extensometer can directly measure the gap displacement of the test piece to be measured while the tightness of the reaction kettle main body is ensured, and the measurement accuracy is effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of material performance testing, and particularly relates to a fracture toughness testing device for a test piece in a corrosive environment.
Background
Oil and gas resources play an important role in industrial manufacturing and social life, and are the most widely applied energy sources in the society today. Long-distance transportation of oil and gas resources is usually realized by means of pipeline transportation, however, the oil and gas resources are rich in corrosive media, the pipeline faces larger fluctuating load when transporting the oil and gas resources, and under the dual effects of stress and corrosion, the oil and gas resource transportation pipeline, particularly the welded joint, is extremely easy to rapidly crack and lose efficacy, so that serious accidents occur during service.
Therefore, in order to quantitatively analyze the corrosion environment fracture toughness and failure mode of the pipeline steel, it is necessary to test and evaluate the corrosion environment fracture toughness of the pipeline steel welded joint. The current method for evaluating the fracture toughness of the pipeline steel welded joint is more and relatively perfect, wherein a single-side notch bending sample is adopted most often, but has the limitation of being incapable of better simulating the constraint condition of a crack tip in the actual service environment of the pipeline steel welded joint, in addition, the fracture toughness test can only be carried out in an air environment or after pre-corrosion treatment, the fracture toughness change of the pipeline steel welded joint in a corrosion environment can not be truly simulated, and the evaluation effect is greatly different from the on-site petroleum corrosion environment result. Therefore, no proper method is available for accurately evaluating the fracture toughness of the pipeline steel welded joint in the corrosion environment.
CN103954512B discloses a method for testing fracture toughness by using a fracture toughness testing device for a compact tensile sample in a low-temperature environment, which measures the loading linear displacement of the compact tensile sample by using an extensometer, so as to realize the fracture toughness test, but the method cannot directly measure the displacement of a notch, needs to perform conversion, has the problem of low accuracy, and meanwhile, the device is an opening system and cannot perform the fracture toughness test in a corrosive gas environment.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a fracture toughness testing device for a test piece in a corrosive environment, and aims to solve the problems that the conventional fracture toughness testing device cannot directly measure notch displacement and cannot restore the practical application environment.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a fracture toughness testing device for a test piece in a corrosive environment, the fracture toughness testing device comprising a reaction kettle unit and a testing unit, wherein:
the reaction kettle unit comprises a reaction kettle main body, an extensometer sleeve and an elastic film, wherein one side of the reaction kettle main body is provided with an opening, and the opening is connected with the extensometer sleeve and the elastic film to realize sealing; the reaction kettle body is provided with a liquid through hole and an air inlet hole, wherein the liquid through hole is used for injecting corrosive liquid into the reaction kettle body, and the air inlet hole is used for introducing reaction gas into the reaction kettle body so as to simulate the actual application environment; the extensometer sleeve stretches into the reaction kettle main body and is connected with the elastic film so as to ensure that the elastic film is close to a test piece to be tested;
the testing unit comprises a fixed knife edge and an extensometer, wherein the fixed knife edge is arranged on the outer side of the reaction kettle main body, and penetrates through the elastic film to be fixed on the test piece to be tested so as to deform along with the deformation of the test piece to be tested; the extensometer is connected with the fixed knife edge and is used for monitoring the deformation of the fixed knife edge so as to detect the change of the crack tip of the test piece to be tested, thereby realizing the fracture toughness test of the test piece.
As a further preferable mode, the reaction kettle main body is provided with a sample connecting rod, the sample connecting rod is fixed on the reaction kettle main body through a locking nut, and the sample connecting rod is connected with two ends of a test piece to be tested so as to fix the test piece to be tested in the reaction kettle main body, and the sample connecting rod is connected with a tensile testing machine during operation.
As a further preferable mode, the reaction kettle body comprises a cylinder body, a kettle cover, a kettle bottom and a screw rod, wherein the upper end and the lower end of the cylinder body are respectively connected with the kettle cover and the kettle bottom and are fastened through the screw rod, and the extensometer sleeve is connected with the opening of the cylinder body.
As a further preferable mode, the number of the fixed knife edges is two, and the opening displacement of the crack tip of the test piece to be tested is measured through triangle extrapolation.
As a further preferred aspect, the reaction kettle unit further comprises an air guide rod connected with the air inlet hole to introduce the reaction gas into the corrosive liquid.
As a further preferable aspect, the test piece to be tested is a single-side notched tensile test piece.
As a further preferable mode, the cylinder body, the kettle cover and the kettle bottom are made of organic glass materials, and the sample connecting rod is made of C276 hastelloy.
In general, the above technical solutions conceived by the present invention have the following compared with the prior art
The beneficial effects are that:
1. the invention considers the problem that the prior fracture toughness test in the corrosion environment generally cannot directly measure the gap displacement, and provides a novel test device, which seals a reaction kettle main body by utilizing an elastic film, and fixes a fixed knife edge on a test piece to be tested by penetrating through the elastic film, and separates an extensometer from a corrosion solution in the reaction kettle main body by utilizing the elastic film, so that the extensometer can directly measure the gap displacement of the test piece to be tested while ensuring the tightness of the reaction kettle main body, the measurement accuracy is effectively improved, and the reaction kettle main body is provided with a liquid through hole, an air inlet hole and an air outlet hole, so that various actual working conditions, especially the actual corrosion environment of oil gas resources, can be simulated, the problem that the prior art cannot accurately evaluate the fracture toughness of a pipeline in the actual corrosion environment is solved, and the novel test device has the characteristics of simple structure, convenient operation, safety, reliability and the like;
2. according to the invention, the connecting mode of the test piece to be tested is optimized, the test piece to be tested is fixed in the reaction kettle main body by utilizing the sample connecting rod, so that the test piece to be tested is completely in the corrosive solution and the specific atmosphere, the real working environment is completely reduced, and meanwhile, the sample connecting rod is fixed on the reaction kettle main body by utilizing the locking nut, so that only movement in the vertical direction in the tensile test process is ensured, and the accuracy of a test result is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fracture toughness testing apparatus for a test piece in a corrosive environment according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a three view of a single-sided notched tensile specimen of size M16, in which (a) is a front view, (b) is a top view, and (c) is a left side view, used in the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a three-view illustration of a single-sided notched tensile specimen of size M10, in which (a) is a front view, (b) is a top view, and (c) is a left side view, used in the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a double stationary knife edge in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is a front view, (b) is a top view, and (c) is a left side view;
FIG. 5 is a graph of load-crack opening displacement of a single-notched tensile specimen of M10 in a pure water corrosive environment for a dual extensometer in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
The same reference numbers are used throughout the drawings to reference like elements or structures, wherein:
the device comprises a 1-kettle cover, a 2-liquid through hole, a 3-sample connecting rod, a 4-locking nut, a 5-first sealing ring, a 6.1-air inlet, a 6.2-air outlet, a 7-second sealing ring, an 8-screw rod, a 9-sleeve, a 10-elastic film, a 11-kettle bottom, a 12-liquid discharge hole, a 13-test piece to be tested, a 14-air guide rod, a 15-cylinder, a 16-fixed knife edge and a 17-extensometer.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a fracture toughness testing device for a test piece in a corrosive environment, which comprises a reaction kettle unit and a testing unit, wherein:
the reaction kettle unit comprises a reaction kettle body, an extensometer sleeve 9 and an elastic film 10, wherein the reaction kettle body comprises a cylinder body 15, a kettle cover 1, a kettle bottom 11 and a screw rod 8, the upper end and the lower end of the cylinder body 15 are respectively connected with the kettle cover 1 and the kettle bottom 11 and fastened through the screw rod 8, one side of the reaction kettle body is opened, and the opening is connected with the extensometer sleeve 9 and the elastic film 10 to realize sealing; the reaction kettle body is provided with a liquid through hole 2, a liquid discharge hole 12, an air inlet hole 6.1 and an air outlet hole 6.2, the liquid through hole 2 is connected with a liquid supply unit and is used for injecting corrosive liquid into the reaction kettle body, the liquid discharge hole 12 is connected with a liquid discharge pipe and is used for discharging the corrosive liquid after the test is finished, the air inlet hole 6.1 and the air outlet hole 6.2 are respectively used for introducing and discharging reaction gas into the reaction kettle body, the internal pressure of the reaction kettle body is regulated and the actual application environment is simulated, the reaction gas can be protective gas and test gas, such as nitrogen, inert gas, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and the like, the air inlet hole 6.1 is connected with an air guide rod 14 to extend into the reaction kettle body, so that the reaction gas is introduced into the corrosive liquid, and the air inlet hole 6.1 and the air outlet hole 6.2 are provided with vent valves for quick connection so as to be convenient for direct connection with a pipeline; the extensometer sleeve 9 stretches into the reaction kettle main body, one end of the extensometer sleeve is connected with the reaction kettle main body through a screw, the reaction kettle main body is sealed by the second sealing ring 7, and the other end of the extensometer sleeve is connected with the elastic film 10 so as to ensure that the elastic film 10 is close to a test piece to be tested; the elastic film 10 can isolate the test unit from the corrosion environment, so that the influence of the corrosion environment on the accuracy of the test unit is avoided, and the elastic film 10 deforms along with the deformation of the test piece to be tested, so that the air tightness of the inside of the reaction kettle main body is ensured;
the test unit comprises a fixed knife edge 16 and an extensometer 17, wherein the fixed knife edge 16 is arranged on the outer side of the reaction kettle main body and penetrates through the elastic film 10 to be fixed on the test piece 13 to be tested so as to deform along with the deformation of the test piece 13 to be tested; the extensometer 17 is connected with the fixed knife edge 16 and is used for monitoring the deformation of the fixed knife edge 16 so as to detect the change of the crack tip of the test piece to be tested, thereby realizing the fracture toughness test of the test piece.
Further, a sample connecting rod 3 is arranged on the reaction kettle main body, the sample connecting rod 3 is fixed on the reaction kettle main body through a lock nut 4, and the sample connecting rod 3 is connected with two ends of a test piece to be tested so as to fix the test piece to be tested in the reaction kettle main body, and the sample connecting rod 3 is connected with a tensile testing machine during operation; the lock nut 4 is used for fixing the connection between the reaction kettle main body and the sample connecting rod 2, limits the bias motion of other directions, ensures that only the vertical direction moves in the test process, and simultaneously the first sealing ring 5 is arranged between the lock nut 4 and the reaction kettle main body and is used for ensuring that the corrosive solution and the gas do not leak.
Further, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the test piece to be tested adopts a single-side notch tensile test piece, and the fracture toughness test adopts a single-side notch tensile test piece method. As shown in FIG. 4, the number of the fixed blades 16 is two, the structure diagram of the double fixed blades is shown in FIG. 4, the opening displacement of the crack tip of the test piece 13 to be tested can be measured by adopting a double extensometer test unit through a triangle extrapolation method, the corresponding fracture toughness is calculated, and the opening displacement of the crack tip of the test piece 13 to be tested needs to be obtained by adopting a single extensometer test unit through calculating an elastic component and a plastic component.
Further, the cylinder 15, the kettle cover 1 and the kettle bottom 11 are made of organic glass, the sample connecting rod 3 is made of C276 hastelloy, the first sealing ring 5 and the second sealing ring 7 are made of tetrafluoro gaskets, and the elastic film 10 is made of PE, so that the fracture toughness testing device provided by the invention can simulate fracture toughness under various corrosive mediums (acid, alkali and salt), and meanwhile, the manufacturing cost for producing the acid-resistant, alkali-resistant and salt-resistant reaction kettle is greatly reduced, and the reachable pressure range of the device is 0-50 MPa.
The method for testing the fracture toughness testing device of the test piece in the corrosion environment provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, prefabricating fatigue cracks on a single-side notch tensile sample, connecting the fatigue cracks with a sample connecting rod 3, installing the fatigue cracks in a reaction kettle main body, connecting a fixed knife edge 16 with a test piece to be tested through an elastic film 10, connecting the reaction kettle main body through a screw rod 8, and connecting the sample connecting rod 3 with a tensile testing machine to realize connection of the reaction kettle main body and the tensile testing machine;
s2, preparing an etching solution, injecting the etching solution into the reaction kettle body through the liquid through hole 2 by using the liquid supply unit, removing the liquid supply system after the etching solution reaches the internal specified scale, covering the cover of the liquid through hole 2, and recording the test temperature;
s3, introducing nitrogen into the reaction kettle body for 1h to remove air in the corrosive solution, fixing the extensometer at the fixed knife edge, and introducing test gas into the reaction kettle body to ensure that the extensometer is always in a ventilation state in the test process;
s4, opening a tensile testing machine, setting corresponding parameters, starting a fracture toughness test in a corrosion environment, observing deformation of a sample in the test process, recording changes of the extensometer 17 and the tensile load, and ending the test when the test force reaches the maximum value;
s5, stopping air supply, opening a liquid discharge valve of the liquid discharge hole 12 to discharge waste liquid, disassembling the main body of the reaction kettle in the reverse order of installation, taking out a test piece to be tested, cleaning a port after breaking, observing crack propagation morphology and average crack depth, and analyzing a fracture failure mechanism of the corrosive environment;
s6, repeating the test according to the steps, carrying out at least three groups of parallel tests on the unilateral notch tensile test pieces of each process, and recording the results of the corresponding crack opening displacement and tensile load.
In processing the test data, the fracture toughness of the material was determined for a single extensometer method and the fracture toughness CTOD value δ of the material was calculated according to the following formula:
wherein K is stress intensity factor and sigma of the material YS For a material with a yield strength of 0.2% at the breaking test temperature, E 'is the modulus of elasticity where E' =e/(1-v) 2 ),γ p Taking 1.2 as the plastic rotation factor, W as the width of the sample, a 0 Average initial crack depth, v, visually observed for fracture specimens p The plastic part is opened for crack opening measured by a single extensometer, and z is the distance between the edge of the extensometer and the surface of the sample when the single extensometer is used.
For determining the fracture toughness of a material by adopting a double extensometer method, the fracture toughness CTOD value delta of the material is calculated according to the following formula:
v in 1 For crack opening displacement, v, measured by a low extensometer at maximum tensile load 2 For crack opening displacement measured by a high extensometer when the tensile load is maximum, h 1 For low extensometer height, h 2 For height of high extensometer, a 0 The average initial crack depth visually observed for the broken specimens.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is further described below according to a specific embodiment.
Example 1
Processing a single-side notch tensile sample with the size of M10 of an X80 pipeline steel parent metal, selecting an adaptive sample connecting rod, assembling a test piece to be tested with a reaction kettle main body according to an installation sequence, connecting the test piece to be tested with a tensile testing machine, injecting pure water into the reaction kettle main body at room temperature, recording the temperature of an etching solution, introducing nitrogen into the reaction kettle main body for 1h to remove air in the etching solution, installing a double extensometer, starting the tensile testing machine until the tensile load reaches the maximum value by using a constant displacement tensile rate of 0.5mm/s, stopping the test, recording the change of crack opening displacement of the double extensometer along with the tensile load, detaching the reaction kettle main body and the test piece to be tested, cleaning and observing a fracture, and calculating the fracture toughness of the X80 pipeline steel according to the double extensometer method.
Example 2
Working X65 tubeThe single-side notch tensile sample with the wire steel welding joint size of M16 is selected, an adaptive sample connecting rod is selected, the test piece to be tested and the reaction kettle main body are assembled according to the installation sequence and are connected with a tensile testing machine, and 0.001MNA is configured 2 S 2 O 3 +NACE A(5％NaCl+0.5％CH 3 COOH) solution simulates a saturated wet hydrogen sulfide environment, injecting the prepared corrosion solution into the reaction kettle main body at room temperature, introducing nitrogen into the reaction kettle main body for 1h to remove air in the corrosion solution, installing a double extensometer, starting a tensile testing machine by using a constant displacement tensile rate of 0.5mm/s until the tensile load reaches the maximum value, stopping the test, recording the change of crack opening displacement of the double extensometer along with the tensile load, cleaning and observing a fracture, calculating the fracture toughness of the pipeline steel welded joint according to the double extensometer method, and compared with the non-corrosion environment, the fracture toughness of the X65 pipeline steel welded joint in the wet hydrogen sulfide corrosion environment is rapidly reduced, and the brittle fracture characteristic is obvious.
It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a fracture toughness testing arrangement of test piece under corrosion environment, its characterized in that, this fracture toughness testing arrangement includes reation kettle unit and test unit, wherein:
the reaction kettle unit comprises a reaction kettle main body, an extensometer sleeve (9) and an elastic film (10), wherein one side of the reaction kettle main body is opened, and the opening is connected with the extensometer sleeve (9) and the elastic film (10) to realize sealing; the reaction kettle body is provided with a liquid through hole (2) and an air inlet hole (6.1), the liquid through hole (2) is used for injecting corrosive liquid into the reaction kettle body, and the air inlet hole (6.1) is used for introducing reaction gas into the reaction kettle body so as to simulate the actual application environment; the extensometer sleeve (9) stretches into the reaction kettle main body and is connected with the elastic film (10) to ensure that the elastic film (10) is close to a test piece to be tested, the elastic film (10) can isolate a test unit from a corrosion environment, the corrosion environment is prevented from affecting the accuracy of the test unit, the elastic film (10) deforms along with the deformation of the test piece to be tested, and the air tightness of the reaction kettle main body is further ensured;
the testing unit comprises a fixed knife edge (16) and an extensometer (17), wherein the fixed knife edge (16) is arranged on the outer side of the reaction kettle main body and penetrates through the elastic film (10) to be fixed on the test piece (13) to be tested so as to deform along with the deformation of the test piece (13) to be tested; the extensometer (17) is connected with the fixed knife edge (16) and is used for monitoring the deformation of the fixed knife edge (16) so as to detect the change of the crack tip of the test piece to be tested and further realize the fracture toughness test of the test piece.
2. The fracture toughness testing device for the test piece under the corrosive environment according to claim 1, wherein a sample connecting rod (3) is arranged on the reaction kettle main body, the sample connecting rod (3) is fixed on the reaction kettle main body through a locking nut (4), the sample connecting rod (3) is connected with two ends of the test piece to be tested so as to fix the test piece to be tested in the reaction kettle main body, and the sample connecting rod (3) is connected with a tensile testing machine in operation.
3. The fracture toughness testing device for test pieces under the corrosive environment according to claim 1, wherein the reaction kettle body comprises a barrel body (15), a kettle cover (1), a kettle bottom (11) and a screw rod (8), the upper end and the lower end of the barrel body (15) are respectively connected with the kettle cover (1) and the kettle bottom (11) and are fastened through the screw rod (8), and the extensometer sleeve (9) is connected with an opening of the barrel body (15).
4. The fracture toughness testing apparatus for test pieces under corrosive environments according to claim 1, wherein the number of the fixed blades (16) is two, and the opening displacement of the crack tip of the test piece (13) to be tested is measured by triangle extrapolation.
5. The fracture toughness testing apparatus for test pieces in a corrosive environment according to claim 1, wherein the reaction kettle unit further comprises an air guide rod (14), and the air guide rod (14) is connected with the air inlet hole (6.1) to introduce the reaction gas into the corrosive liquid.
6. The device for testing the fracture toughness of a test piece in a corrosive environment according to claim 1, wherein the test piece to be tested adopts a single-side notch tensile test piece.
7. The fracture toughness testing apparatus for test pieces under corrosive environments according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the cylinder (15), the kettle cover (1) and the kettle bottom (11) are made of organic glass materials, and the sample connecting rod (3) is made of C276 hastelloy.
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