CN115683824A - Fracture toughness testing arrangement of test piece under corrosive environment - Google Patents
Fracture toughness testing arrangement of test piece under corrosive environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN115683824A CN115683824A CN202211422177.1A CN202211422177A CN115683824A CN 115683824 A CN115683824 A CN 115683824A CN 202211422177 A CN202211422177 A CN 202211422177A CN 115683824 A CN115683824 A CN 115683824A
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Abstract
The invention provides a device for testing fracture toughness of a test piece in a corrosive environment, which belongs to the field of material performance testing and specifically comprises a reaction kettle unit and a testing unit, wherein: one side of a reaction kettle main body in the reaction kettle unit is provided with an opening, the opening is connected with an extensometer sleeve and an elastic film to realize sealing, and the reaction kettle main body is provided with a liquid through hole and an air inlet hole; the extensometer sleeve extends into the reaction kettle main body and is connected with the elastic film; the test unit comprises a fixed knife edge and an extensometer, the fixed knife edge is arranged on the outer side of the reaction kettle main body and penetrates through the elastic film to be fixed on a piece to be tested; the extensometer is connected with the fixed knife edge and is used for monitoring the deformation of the fixed knife edge. According to the invention, the extensometer and the corrosive solution in the reaction kettle main body are separated by using the elastic film, so that the sealing property of the reaction kettle main body is ensured, meanwhile, the extensometer can directly measure the gap displacement of the piece to be tested, and the measurement accuracy is effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of material performance testing, and particularly relates to a device for testing fracture toughness of a test piece in a corrosive environment.
Background
Oil and gas resources play an important role in industrial manufacturing and social life and are the most widely applied energy sources in the current society. The long-distance transportation of oil and gas resources is usually realized by a pipeline transportation mode, however, the oil and gas resources are rich in corrosive media, the pipelines face large fluctuating loads when the oil and gas resources are transported, and the oil and gas resource transportation pipelines, particularly welding joints, are extremely easy to rapidly break and lose efficacy under the double actions of stress and corrosion, so that serious accidents occur in the service period.
Therefore, in order to quantitatively analyze the fracture toughness and failure mode of the pipeline steel in the corrosion environment, the pipeline steel welded joint must be subjected to the test and evaluation of the fracture toughness in the corrosion environment. At present, a plurality of methods are used for evaluating the fracture toughness of a pipeline steel welding joint, the methods are relatively complete, wherein a single-side notch bending sample is adopted as the most common method, but the method has the limitation of the method, namely the constraint condition of a crack tip in the actual service environment of the pipeline steel welding joint cannot be well simulated, in addition, the fracture toughness test can be only carried out in the air environment or after pre-corrosion treatment, the fracture toughness change of the pipeline steel welding joint in the corrosion environment cannot be truly simulated, and the evaluation effect is greatly different from the result of the field petroleum corrosion environment. Therefore, at present, no proper method is available for accurately evaluating the fracture toughness of the pipeline steel welded joint in a corrosive environment.
CN103954512B discloses a method for testing fracture toughness by using a fracture toughness testing apparatus for a compact tensile sample in a low temperature environment, which uses a extensometer to measure a load line displacement of the compact tensile sample, thereby implementing a fracture toughness test, but this method cannot directly measure a displacement of a notch, requires conversion, and has a problem of low accuracy, and at the same time, this apparatus is an open system and cannot perform a fracture toughness test in a corrosive gas environment.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a device for testing the fracture toughness of a test piece in a corrosive environment, and aims to solve the problems that the conventional device for testing the fracture toughness cannot directly measure the notch displacement and cannot restore the practical application environment.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a fracture toughness testing apparatus for a test piece in a corrosive environment, the fracture toughness testing apparatus comprising a reaction kettle unit and a testing unit, wherein:
the reaction kettle unit comprises a reaction kettle main body, an extensometer sleeve and an elastic film, wherein one side of the reaction kettle main body is provided with an opening, and the opening is connected with the extensometer sleeve and the elastic film to realize sealing; the reaction kettle main body is provided with a liquid through hole and an air inlet hole, the liquid through hole is used for injecting corrosive liquid into the reaction kettle main body, and the air inlet hole is used for introducing reaction gas into the reaction kettle main body so as to simulate an actual application environment; the extensometer sleeve extends into the reaction kettle main body and is connected with the elastic film so as to ensure that the elastic film is close to a piece to be tested;
the test unit comprises a fixed knife edge and an extensometer, wherein the fixed knife edge is arranged on the outer side of the reaction kettle main body and penetrates through the elastic film to be fixed on a piece to be tested so as to deform along with the deformation of the piece to be tested; the extensometer is connected with the fixed knife edge and used for monitoring the deformation of the fixed knife edge so as to detect the change of the crack tip of the piece to be tested, thereby realizing the test of the fracture toughness of the test piece.
As further preferred, be provided with the sample connecting rod in the reation kettle main part, the sample connecting rod passes through lock nut to be fixed in the reation kettle main part to this sample connecting rod is connected with the both ends of waiting to test the piece, in order to wait to test the piece to fix in the inside of reation kettle main part, the during operation the sample connecting rod is connected with tensile testing machine.
As further preferred, the reation kettle main part includes barrel, kettle cover, the cauldron end and lead screw, the upper and lower both ends of barrel are connected with kettle cover and cauldron end respectively to fasten through the lead screw, the extensometer sleeve is connected with the opening part of barrel.
Preferably, the number of the fixed knife edges is two, and the opening displacement of the crack tip of the to-be-tested piece is measured by a triangular extrapolation method.
As a further preference, the reaction kettle unit further comprises a gas guide rod, and the gas guide rod is connected with the gas inlet hole to introduce the reaction gas into the corrosive liquid.
As a further preferred, the test piece to be tested is a single-edge notched tensile test piece.
Preferably, the barrel, the kettle cover and the kettle bottom are made of organic glass, and the sample connecting rod is made of C276 Hastelloy.
In general, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention has the following advantages compared to the prior art
Has the advantages that:
1. the invention provides a novel testing device, which takes the problem that the existing corrosion environment fracture toughness test generally cannot directly measure the notch displacement into consideration, and utilizes an elastic film to seal a reaction kettle main body, a fixed knife edge penetrates through the elastic film to be fixed on a piece to be tested, and an extensometer is separated from a corrosive solution in the reaction kettle main body by utilizing the elastic film, so that the extensometer can directly measure the notch displacement of the piece to be tested while the sealing performance of the reaction kettle main body is ensured, the measurement accuracy is effectively improved, and the reaction kettle main body is provided with a liquid through hole, an air inlet hole and an air outlet hole, so that various actual working conditions, particularly the actual corrosion environment of oil and gas resources can be simulated, the problem that the pipeline rigid fracture toughness cannot be accurately evaluated in the actual corrosion environment in the prior art is solved, and the novel testing device has the characteristics of simple structure, capability of simulating the actual corrosion environment, convenience in operation, safety, reliability and the like;
2. according to the invention, the connection mode of the to-be-tested piece is optimized, the to-be-tested piece is fixed in the reaction kettle main body by the sample connecting rod, so that the to-be-tested piece is completely in a corrosive solution and a specific atmosphere, the real working environment is completely restored, and meanwhile, the sample connecting rod is fixed on the reaction kettle main body by the locking nut, so that only vertical movement is ensured in the tensile test process, and the accuracy of the test result is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fracture toughness testing apparatus for a test piece in a corrosive environment according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional view of a single-sided notched tensile specimen of size M16 used in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is a front view, (b) is a top view, and (c) is a left view;
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional view of a single-sided notched tensile specimen of size M10 used in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is a front view, (b) is a top view, and (c) is a left view;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the double fixed knife-edge in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is a front view, (b) is a top view, and (c) is a left view;
FIG. 5 is a graph of dual extensometer load versus crack opening displacement for a single-edge notched tensile specimen of M10 in a preferred embodiment of the invention in a pure water corrosive environment.
The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same elements or structures, wherein:
1-kettle cover, 2-liquid through hole, 3-sample connecting rod, 4-locking nut, 5-first sealing ring, 6.1-air inlet hole, 6.2-air outlet hole, 7-second sealing ring, 8-screw rod, 9-sleeve, 10-elastic film, 11-kettle bottom, 12-liquid discharge hole, 13-to-be-tested piece, 14-air guide rod, 15-barrel, 16-fixed knife edge and 17-extensometer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a fracture toughness testing apparatus for a test piece in a corrosive environment, the fracture toughness testing apparatus includes a reaction kettle unit and a testing unit, wherein:
the reaction kettle unit comprises a reaction kettle main body, an extensometer sleeve 9 and an elastic film 10, wherein the reaction kettle main body comprises a cylinder body 15, a kettle cover 1, a kettle bottom 11 and a screw rod 8, the upper end and the lower end of the cylinder body 15 are respectively connected with the kettle cover 1 and the kettle bottom 11 and are fastened through the screw rod 8, one side of the reaction kettle main body is provided with an opening, and the opening is connected with the extensometer sleeve 9 and the elastic film 10 to realize sealing; the reaction kettle main body is provided with a liquid through hole 2, a liquid discharge hole 12, a gas inlet hole 6.1 and a gas outlet hole 6.2, wherein the liquid through hole 2 is connected with a liquid supply unit and used for injecting corrosive liquid into the reaction kettle main body, the liquid discharge hole 12 is connected with a liquid discharge guide pipe and used for discharging the corrosive liquid after the test is finished, the gas inlet hole 6.1 and the gas outlet hole 6.2 are respectively used for introducing and discharging reaction gas into the reaction kettle main body, adjusting the internal pressure of the reaction kettle main body and simulating the practical application environment, the reaction gas can be protective gas and test gas such as nitrogen, inert gas, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and the like, the gas inlet hole 6.1 is connected with a gas guide rod 14 to go deep into the reaction kettle main body, so that the reaction gas is introduced into the corrosive liquid, and the gas inlet hole 6.1 and the gas outlet hole 6.2 are provided with vent belt valves for quick connection so as to be directly connected with a pipeline; the extensometer sleeve 9 extends into the reaction kettle main body, one end of the extensometer sleeve is connected with the reaction kettle main body through a screw and is sealed by using the second sealing ring 7, and the other end of the extensometer sleeve is connected with the elastic film 10 so as to ensure that the elastic film 10 is close to a piece to be tested; the elastic film 10 can isolate the test unit from the corrosive environment, so that the influence of the corrosive environment on the accuracy of the test unit is avoided, and the elastic film 10 deforms along with the deformation of a piece to be tested, so that the air tightness of the interior of the reaction kettle main body is ensured;
the testing unit comprises a fixed knife edge 16 and an extensometer 17, wherein the fixed knife edge 16 is arranged on the outer side of the reaction kettle main body and penetrates through the elastic film 10 to be fixed on the to-be-tested piece 13 so as to deform along with the deformation of the to-be-tested piece 13; the extensometer 17 is connected with the fixed knife edge 16 and is used for monitoring the deformation of the fixed knife edge 16 and further detecting the change of the crack tip of the piece to be tested, thereby realizing the test of the fracture toughness of the test piece.
Further, a sample connecting rod 3 is arranged on the reaction kettle main body, the sample connecting rod 3 is fixed on the reaction kettle main body through a locking nut 4, the sample connecting rod 3 is connected with two ends of a piece to be tested so as to fix the piece to be tested in the reaction kettle main body, and the sample connecting rod 3 is connected with a tensile testing machine during work; locking nut 4 is used for being connected between fixed reation kettle main part and sample connecting rod 2, restricts the bias of other directions, guarantees only the removal of vertical direction in the test process, and first sealing washer 5 sets up between locking nut 4 and reation kettle main part simultaneously for guarantee that corrosive solution and gas do not leak.
Further, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the test piece to be tested adopts a single-side notch tensile test sample, and the fracture toughness test adopts a single-side notch tensile test sample method. As shown in fig. 4, the number of the fixed blades 16 is two, and the structural schematic diagram of the double fixed blades is shown in fig. 4, the double extensometer testing unit can measure the opening displacement of the crack tip of the to-be-tested piece 13 by a triangle extrapolation method, and calculate the corresponding fracture toughness, while the single extensometer testing unit needs to calculate the elastic component and the plastic component to obtain the opening displacement of the crack tip of the to-be-tested piece 13.
Further, the cylinder 15, the kettle cover 1 and the kettle bottom 11 are made of organic glass, the sample connecting rod 3 is made of C276 hastelloy, the first sealing ring 5 and the second sealing ring 7 are made of tetrafluoro gaskets, and the elastic film 10 is made of PE, so that the fracture toughness testing device provided by the invention can simulate the fracture toughness of various corrosive media (acid, alkali and salt), the manufacturing cost for producing the acid, alkali and salt resistant reaction kettle is greatly reduced, and the pressure range of the device can reach 0-50 MPa.
The method for testing the fracture toughness of the test piece in the corrosive environment comprises the following steps:
s1, prefabricating fatigue cracks on a tensile sample with a single-side notch, then connecting the fatigue cracks with a sample connecting rod 3 and installing the fatigue cracks in a reaction kettle main body, connecting a fixed knife edge 16 with a to-be-tested sample through an elastic film 10, connecting the reaction kettle main body through a screw rod 8, and connecting the sample connecting rod 3 with a tensile testing machine to realize the connection of the reaction kettle main body and the tensile testing machine;
s2, preparing an etching solution, injecting the etching solution into the reaction kettle main body through the liquid through hole 2 by using a liquid supply unit, removing the liquid supply system after the etching solution reaches an internal specified scale, covering a cover of the liquid through hole 2, and recording the test temperature;
s3, introducing nitrogen for 1h into the reaction kettle main body to remove air in the corrosive solution, fixing the extensometer at the fixed knife edge, introducing test gas into the reaction kettle main body, and ensuring that the reaction kettle main body is always in a ventilation state in the test process;
s4, opening the tensile testing machine, setting corresponding parameters, starting a fracture toughness testing test in a corrosive environment, observing the deformation of the test sample in the testing process, recording the changes of the extensometer 17 and the tensile load, and ending the test when the testing force reaches the maximum value;
s5, stopping gas supply, opening a liquid discharge valve of a liquid discharge hole 12 to discharge waste liquid, disassembling the reaction kettle main body according to a sequence opposite to the installation sequence, taking out a to-be-tested piece, cleaning a port after knocking-off, observing crack propagation morphology and average crack depth, and analyzing a cracking failure mechanism of the corrosion environment;
and S6, repeating the test according to the steps, performing at least three groups of parallel tests on the unilateral notch tensile sample of each process, and respectively recording the corresponding crack opening displacement and tensile load results.
When test data are processed, the fracture toughness of the material is determined by a single extensometer method, and the fracture toughness CTOD value delta of the material is calculated according to the following formula:
where K is the stress intensity factor, σ, of the material YS Is the yield strength of the material at the fracture test temperature of 0.2%, E 'is the elastic modulus where E' = E/(1-v) 2 ),γ p For the plastic rotation factor, take 1.2, W as the sample width, a 0 Average initial crack depth, v, for visual inspection of broken specimens p The plastic part of the crack opening displacement measured by a single extensometer, and z is the distance from the cutting edge of the extensometer to the surface of the sample when the single extensometer method is used.
For determining the fracture toughness of the material by adopting a double extensometer method, the fracture toughness CTOD value delta of the material is calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula v 1 Opening displacement of crack mouth measured by low extensometer at maximum tensile load, v 2 Opening displacement of crack opening measured by high extensometer at maximum tensile load, h 1 For low extensometer height, h 2 For high extensometer height, a 0 Average initial crack depth visually observed for broken specimens.
The technical solution provided by the present invention is further explained below according to specific embodiments.
Example 1
Processing a single-edge notch tensile sample with the base material size of M10 of X80 pipeline steel, selecting an adaptive sample connecting rod, assembling a to-be-tested piece and a reaction kettle main body according to an installation sequence, connecting the to-be-tested piece and a tensile testing machine, injecting pure water into the reaction kettle main body at room temperature, recording the temperature of a corrosive solution, introducing 1h of nitrogen into the reaction kettle main body to remove air in the corrosive solution, installing a double extensometer, starting the tensile testing machine at a constant displacement tensile rate of 0.5mm/s until the tensile load reaches the maximum value, stopping the test, recording the change of crack opening displacement of the double extensometer along with the tensile load, and taking a detailed result as shown in figure 5.
Example 2
The size of the welded joint for processing the X65 pipeline steel is M16Selecting a sample connecting rod matched with the sample connecting rod, assembling the piece to be tested and the reaction kettle main body according to the installation sequence, connecting the piece to be tested and the reaction kettle main body with the tensile testing machine, and configuring 0.001MNa 2 S 2 O 3 +NACE A(5％NaCl+0.5％CH 3 COOH) solution simulates a saturated wet hydrogen sulfide environment, prepared corrosive solution is injected into the reaction kettle main body at room temperature, 1h of nitrogen is introduced into the reaction kettle main body to remove air in the corrosive solution, a double extensometer is installed, a tensile testing machine is started at a constant displacement tensile rate of 0.5mm/s until the tensile load reaches the maximum value, the test is stopped, the change of crack opening displacement of the double extensometer along with the tensile load is recorded, the fracture is cleaned and observed, the fracture toughness of the pipeline steel welded joint is calculated according to a double extensometer method, and compared with a non-corrosive environment, the fracture toughness of the X65 pipeline steel welded joint in the wet hydrogen sulfide corrosion environment is rapidly reduced, and the brittle fracture characteristic is obvious.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a fracture toughness testing arrangement of test piece under corrosive environment which characterized in that, this fracture toughness testing arrangement includes reation kettle unit and test element, wherein:
the reaction kettle unit comprises a reaction kettle main body, an extensometer sleeve (9) and an elastic film (10), wherein one side of the reaction kettle main body is provided with an opening, and the opening is connected with the extensometer sleeve (9) and the elastic film (10) to realize sealing; the reaction kettle main body is provided with a liquid through hole (2) and an air inlet hole (6.1), the liquid through hole (2) is used for injecting corrosive liquid into the reaction kettle main body, and the air inlet hole (6.1) is used for introducing reaction gas into the reaction kettle main body so as to simulate an actual application environment; the extensometer sleeve (9) extends into the reaction kettle main body and is connected with the elastic film (10) so as to ensure that the elastic film (10) is close to a piece to be tested;
the testing unit comprises a fixed knife edge (16) and an extensometer (17), wherein the fixed knife edge (16) is arranged on the outer side of the reaction kettle main body and penetrates through the elastic film (10) to be fixed on the to-be-tested piece (13) so as to deform along with the deformation of the to-be-tested piece (13); the extensometer (17) is connected with the fixed knife edge (16) and is used for monitoring the deformation of the fixed knife edge (16) and further detecting the change of the tip of a crack of a test piece to be tested, so that the fracture toughness of the test piece is tested.
2. The device for testing the fracture toughness of the test piece under the corrosive environment according to claim 1, wherein a sample connecting rod (3) is arranged on the reaction kettle main body, the sample connecting rod (3) is fixed on the reaction kettle main body through a locking nut (4), the sample connecting rod (3) is connected with two ends of the test piece to be tested so as to fix the test piece to be tested inside the reaction kettle main body, and the sample connecting rod (3) is connected with a tensile testing machine during operation.
3. The device for testing the fracture toughness of the test piece under the corrosive environment according to claim 1, wherein the reaction kettle main body comprises a cylinder body (15), a kettle cover (1), a kettle bottom (11) and a screw rod (8), the upper end and the lower end of the cylinder body (15) are respectively connected with the kettle cover (1) and the kettle bottom (11) and are fastened through the screw rod (8), and the extensometer sleeve (9) is connected with an opening of the cylinder body (15).
4. The apparatus for testing fracture toughness of a test piece under a corrosive environment according to claim 1, wherein the number of the fixed knife edges (16) is two, and the opening displacement of the crack tip of the test piece (13) to be tested is measured by triangle extrapolation.
5. The device for testing the fracture toughness of the test piece under the corrosive environment according to claim 1, wherein the reaction kettle unit further comprises a gas guide rod (14), and the gas guide rod (14) is connected with a gas inlet hole (6.1) so as to introduce the reaction gas into the corrosive liquid.
6. The device for testing the fracture toughness of the test piece under the corrosive environment of claim 1, wherein the test piece to be tested adopts a single-edge notch tensile test piece.
7. The device for testing the fracture toughness of the test piece under the corrosive environment according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the cylinder (15), the kettle cover (1) and the kettle bottom (11) are made of organic glass, and the test piece connecting rod (3) is made of C276 Hastelloy.
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