CN115681302A - A connecting rod with high-efficiency oil collection holes - Google Patents
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- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 96
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及内燃机技术领域，具体涉及一种具备高效集油孔的连杆。The invention relates to the technical field of internal combustion engines, in particular to a connecting rod with high-efficiency oil collecting holes.
背景技术Background technique
在车用动力发动机的动力系统中，发动机的连杆是用于传动和承载的重要零部件之一，其中，连杆大头通过曲柄销连接于曲轴，连杆小头通过活塞销连接于活塞，共同构成曲柄连杆机构，将活塞的循环往复运动转化为曲轴的旋转运动，完成发动机的动力传递过程。In the power system of a vehicle power engine, the connecting rod of the engine is one of the important parts used for transmission and load bearing. Among them, the big end of the connecting rod is connected to the crankshaft through the crank pin, and the small end of the connecting rod is connected to the piston through the piston pin. Together they form a crank-connecting rod mechanism, which converts the cyclic reciprocating motion of the piston into the rotational motion of the crankshaft to complete the power transmission process of the engine.
在动力传递过程中，连杆小头与活塞销共同构成摆转摩擦副，通过该摩擦副，活塞销将气缸对活塞的推力传递到连杆小头上，并且摩擦副承受活塞的往复惯性力以及摩擦副摆动过程的摆动力矩，工作环境十分恶劣。由于该摩擦副位置的特殊性，连杆小头-活塞销摆转摩擦副通常无法通过发动机润滑油道直接供给润滑油，而是通过在连杆小头设计集油孔和储油槽，采用活塞冷却喷嘴喷出的润滑油或曲轴、连杆等结构撞击油底壳润滑油间接飞溅至集油孔中实现润滑供油，但这种供油方式与其他压力供油相比，很难满足连杆小头-活塞销摆转摩擦副充足的润滑油供给。虽然连杆小头-活塞销摆转摩擦副的使用寿命基本能够满足大部分发动机机型的需要，但是随着工程实践对发动机功率密度、轻量化、紧凑化等指标要求的不断提升，例如高功率密度柴油机等，这使得连杆小头-活塞销摆转摩擦副所受到的交变载荷远高于普通发动机的工作载荷，在现有的摩擦副润滑条件下，工作环境变得更加恶劣，使得连杆小头和活塞销之间出现严重的烧蚀、磨损、咬合等现象，大大降低了摩擦副的使用寿命和发动机的可靠性。In the process of power transmission, the small end of the connecting rod and the piston pin together form a swing friction pair, through which the piston pin transmits the thrust of the cylinder to the piston to the small end of the connecting rod, and the friction pair bears the reciprocating inertial force of the piston And the swing torque of the friction pair swing process, the working environment is very bad. Due to the particularity of the position of the friction pair, the connecting rod small end-piston pin swing friction pair usually cannot directly supply lubricating oil through the engine lubricating oil passage. The lubricating oil sprayed from the cooling nozzle or the crankshaft, connecting rod and other structures hit the oil pan and the lubricating oil is indirectly splashed into the oil collection hole to realize the lubricating oil supply. However, compared with other pressure oil supply methods, it is difficult to meet the continuous Sufficient lubricating oil supply for the rod small end-piston pin swing friction pair. Although the service life of the connecting rod small end-piston pin swing friction pair can basically meet the needs of most engine models, with the continuous improvement of engineering practice on engine power density, light weight, compactness and other indicators, such as high Power density diesel engine, etc., which makes the alternating load on the small end of the connecting rod-piston pin swing friction pair much higher than the working load of ordinary engines. Under the existing lubrication conditions of the friction pair, the working environment becomes more severe. Serious ablation, wear, and bite occur between the small end of the connecting rod and the piston pin, which greatly reduces the service life of the friction pair and the reliability of the engine.
在现有的技术当中，主要通过改善润滑条件和材料特性两方面来提高连杆小头-活塞销摆转摩擦副的使用寿命。在改善润滑条件方面，主要存在三种方案，第一种方案是在连杆中心设置供油油路，将连杆大端的润滑油直接引入到连杆小端实现压力供油，但这种方法能够提供的供油压力有限，且由于连杆的中空设计，使得该结构无法承受较大载荷，大大限制了该设计在高功率密度机型中的使用；第二种方案是在连杆小头设置集油油孔，通过收集由活塞冷却喷嘴喷出的机油或主轴撞击油底壳飞溅的机油而实现连杆小头-活塞销摆转摩擦副的润滑油供给，但该方案由于缺乏供油压力和储油能力且对润滑油的收集效率较低，故只有极少数润滑油能够进入到摩擦副的接触面，不能实现有效润滑，对摩擦副的使用寿命提升不大；第三种方案是在连杆小头设置集油油孔的基础上，在连杆小头衬套上设置储油槽，这一定程度上提高了该摩擦副的储油能力，但由于油孔集油能力较差，因而该方案也无法为连杆小头-活塞销摆转摩擦副提供充足有效的润滑条件。在改善材料特性方面，由于无法形成有效的润滑油膜，连杆小头-活塞销摆转摩擦副不可避免的会出现干摩擦的现象，这是造成摩擦副出现磨损、烧蚀及黏着等问题的主要原因，为了降低这种现象带来的损害，现有技术主要从衬套和活塞销的弹性模量、表面粗糙度、摩擦系数等力学或摩擦学特性上进行改善，但由于对材料特性的改善一般不会对摩擦副干摩擦问题带来本质改变，因此，这种方案对摩擦副使用寿命的提高效果不佳。In the existing technology, the service life of the connecting rod small end-piston pin swing friction pair is mainly improved by improving lubrication conditions and material properties. In terms of improving lubrication conditions, there are mainly three schemes. The first scheme is to set up an oil supply circuit in the center of the connecting rod, and directly introduce the lubricating oil at the large end of the connecting rod to the small end of the connecting rod to realize pressure oil supply. However, this method The oil supply pressure that can be provided is limited, and due to the hollow design of the connecting rod, the structure cannot bear large loads, which greatly limits the use of this design in high power density models; the second solution is to use the small end of the connecting rod An oil collecting hole is set up to realize the lubricating oil supply for the connecting rod small end-piston pin swing friction pair by collecting the oil sprayed from the piston cooling nozzle or the oil splashed by the main shaft hitting the oil pan. However, due to the lack of oil supply The pressure and oil storage capacity and the collection efficiency of lubricating oil are low, so only a small amount of lubricating oil can enter the contact surface of the friction pair, which cannot achieve effective lubrication and does not greatly improve the service life of the friction pair; the third solution is On the basis of setting the oil collection hole at the small end of the connecting rod, an oil storage tank is set on the bushing at the small end of the connecting rod, which improves the oil storage capacity of the friction pair to a certain extent, but due to the poor oil collection capacity of the oil hole, Therefore, this solution cannot provide sufficient and effective lubrication conditions for the connecting rod small end-piston pin swing friction pair. In terms of improving material properties, due to the inability to form an effective lubricating oil film, dry friction inevitably occurs in the connecting rod small end-piston pin swing friction pair, which causes problems such as wear, ablation and adhesion of the friction pair The main reason is that in order to reduce the damage caused by this phenomenon, the existing technology mainly improves the mechanical or tribological properties such as the elastic modulus, surface roughness, and friction coefficient of the bushing and the piston pin, but due to the impact on the material properties The improvement generally does not bring about essential changes to the problem of dry friction of the friction pair. Therefore, this solution has a poor effect on improving the service life of the friction pair.
发明内容Contents of the invention
有鉴于此，本发明提供了一种具备高效集油孔的连杆，能够有效增加进入连杆小头-活塞销摆动摩擦副的润滑油油量，提高该摩擦副的使用寿命。In view of this, the present invention provides a connecting rod with a high-efficiency oil collection hole, which can effectively increase the amount of lubricating oil entering the connecting rod small end-piston pin swing friction pair, and improve the service life of the friction pair.
本发明的具备高效集油孔的连杆，集油孔设置在连杆的小头，在集油孔的外围、沿飞溅润滑油来流方向设有凸台；凸台与集油孔之间设有导油结构。In the connecting rod with high-efficiency oil-collecting holes of the present invention, the oil-collecting holes are arranged on the small head of the connecting rod, and bosses are arranged on the periphery of the oil-collecting holes along the flow direction of splash lubricating oil; between the bosses and the oil-collecting holes Equipped with oil guiding structure.
较优的，凸台与活塞穹顶之间留有一定的空间。Preferably, there is a certain space between the boss and the dome of the piston.
较优的，所述凸台形状为：正方形、长方形、梯形、或其他任意在飞溅润滑油来流方向有拦截面积的形状；凸台厚度为单板或具有一定厚度。Preferably, the shape of the boss is: square, rectangular, trapezoidal, or any other shape with an intercepting area in the direction of the splash lubricating oil; the thickness of the boss is a single plate or has a certain thickness.
较优的，所述凸台为：在集油孔沿着油孔向外延伸形成。Preferably, the boss is formed in the oil collecting hole extending outward along the oil hole.
较优的，所述凸台的飞溅润滑油拦截面为斜面，所述斜面即为所述导油结构。Preferably, the splash lubricating oil intercepting surface of the boss is an inclined surface, and the inclined surface is the oil guiding structure.
较优的，所述集油孔为单油孔或多油孔，每个集油孔处均设有所述凸台。Preferably, the oil collecting hole is a single oil hole or multiple oil holes, and each oil collecting hole is provided with the boss.
有益效果：Beneficial effect:
(1)本发明在充分考虑飞溅润滑油的流场特性的基础上，利用在集油孔外围设置凸台结构提高集油孔对润滑油的捕获能力和收集能力，可在不影响连杆机械强度的基础上，有效增加进入连杆小头-活塞销摆动摩擦副的润滑油油量，解决现有摩擦副润滑油供给不足，摩擦损失高，使用寿命较低，出现黏着、烧蚀、咬合等问题，以此来改善连杆小头-活塞销摆动摩擦副的润滑特性。本发明在不添加活动部件、不影响连杆机械强度的基础上，仅需在现有连杆设计上进行小幅度调整，就可以大幅度改善连杆小头-活塞销摆动摩擦副的润滑油供给条件。(1) On the basis of fully considering the flow field characteristics of the splashing lubricating oil, the present invention utilizes a boss structure arranged on the periphery of the oil collecting hole to improve the ability of the oil collecting hole to capture and collect the lubricating oil. On the basis of strength, effectively increase the amount of lubricating oil entering the connecting rod small end-piston pin swing friction pair, solve the problem of insufficient supply of lubricating oil for the existing friction pair, high friction loss, low service life, adhesion, ablation, and seizure And other problems, in order to improve the lubrication characteristics of the small end of the connecting rod-piston pin swing friction pair. The present invention does not add moving parts and does not affect the mechanical strength of the connecting rod, and only needs a small adjustment in the design of the existing connecting rod to greatly improve the lubricating oil of the connecting rod small end-piston pin swing friction pair supply conditions.
(2)凸台的形状不限，只需在飞溅润滑油来流方向有拦截面积即可；凸台的厚度不限，单板或具有一定厚度均可，易于实现。凸台与活塞穹顶之间留有一定的空间，有效避免连杆与活塞因运动或温升而出现干涉问题。将凸台的拦截面设置为斜面，拦截的飞溅润滑油可直接沿斜面流入集油孔中，不用额外设置其他导油结构，结构简单且易于实现。(2) The shape of the boss is not limited, as long as there is an intercepting area in the direction of the splash lubricating oil flow; the thickness of the boss is not limited, a single plate or a certain thickness can be used, which is easy to realize. There is a certain space between the boss and the dome of the piston, which effectively avoids interference between the connecting rod and the piston due to movement or temperature rise. The intercepting surface of the boss is set as an inclined plane, and the intercepted splash lubricating oil can directly flow into the oil collecting hole along the inclined plane, without additionally setting other oil guiding structures, and the structure is simple and easy to realize.
(3)采用在集油孔沿着油孔向外延伸的方式形成凸台，实现方式简单，且可确保拦截的润滑油有效流入集油孔中。(3) The boss is formed in the way that the oil collecting hole extends outward along the oil hole, which is simple to implement and can ensure that the intercepted lubricating oil effectively flows into the oil collecting hole.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明连杆的三维视图。Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional view of the connecting rod of the present invention.
图2为本发明连杆的半剖视图和局部放大图。Fig. 2 is a half-sectional view and a partially enlarged view of the connecting rod of the present invention.
图3为改良前后连杆各油孔累计进油量曲线。Figure 3 is the curve of the cumulative oil intake in each oil hole of the connecting rod before and after the improvement.
其中，1-连杆主体；2-集油孔凸台；3-坡度斜面；4-集油孔；5-储油槽。Among them, 1-the main body of the connecting rod; 2-the boss of the oil collection hole; 3-the slope slope; 4-the oil collection hole; 5-the oil storage tank.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图并举实施例，对本发明进行详细描述。The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
本发明提供了一种具备高效集油孔的连杆。The invention provides a connecting rod with high-efficiency oil collecting holes.
本发明在进行连杆小头润滑油飞溅过程的研究中发现，在连杆工作过程中，由活塞冷却喷嘴喷出的润滑油大部分会直接喷入到活塞冷却油腔中，只有少部分会因为喷射角度和活塞运动的原因而喷射到活塞穹顶上。而喷射到活塞穹顶的这部分润滑油由于受到活塞穹顶的加热，粘度相对较低。同时，当活塞运动时，润滑油撞击在活塞穹顶一侧并向活塞穹顶中心的方向移动，润滑油的运动方向在活塞穹顶的阻挡下逐渐变得与活塞穹顶曲面相平行，随后向无活塞冷却喷嘴的一侧移动，最终沿着气缸壁落回到油底壳中。这种平行于活塞穹顶的运动速度也使得润滑油很难有效地落入到连杆的油孔中，故大部分润滑油会直接越过连杆集油孔的上方落回到油底壳中，集油孔无法有效收集由活塞冷却喷嘴飞溅到活塞穹顶的润滑油，导致连杆小头-活塞销摆转摩擦副能够获得的润滑油油量大幅减少。In the research of the splashing process of lubricating oil at the small head of the connecting rod, the present invention found that during the working process of the connecting rod, most of the lubricating oil sprayed from the piston cooling nozzle will be directly sprayed into the piston cooling oil chamber, and only a small part will be sprayed into the piston cooling oil cavity. Spray hits the piston dome due to the spray angle and piston movement. The part of the lubricating oil sprayed onto the piston dome has a relatively low viscosity due to the heating of the piston dome. At the same time, when the piston moves, the lubricating oil hits the side of the piston dome and moves toward the center of the piston dome. The movement direction of the lubricating oil gradually becomes parallel to the curved surface of the piston dome under the obstruction of the piston dome, and then moves toward the piston without cooling. One side of the nozzle moves and eventually falls back down the cylinder wall into the sump. This movement speed parallel to the dome of the piston also makes it difficult for the lubricating oil to effectively fall into the oil hole of the connecting rod, so most of the lubricating oil will directly fall over the top of the oil collecting hole of the connecting rod and fall back into the oil pan. The oil collection hole cannot effectively collect the lubricating oil splashed from the piston cooling nozzle to the piston dome, resulting in a significant reduction in the amount of lubricating oil that can be obtained by the connecting rod small end-piston pin swing friction pair.
由于活塞冷却喷嘴飞溅向连杆小头的润滑油几乎以平行于活塞穹顶曲面的速度紧贴活塞穹顶从靠近活塞冷却喷嘴的位置向远离活塞冷却喷嘴的位置运动，这导致仅有极少部分润滑油能够进入集油孔中，因此，为了使得飞溅润滑油能够得到有效拦截，本发明在集油孔的位置设置一定高度的凸台，形成有效拦截面，凸台的形状和厚度不限，但由于拦截面在来流方向的投影才是有效拦截面积，因此凸台拦截面应该尽可能位于飞溅润滑油来流迎面，并尽可能增加有效拦截面积。为加工方便，并尽可能减少结构改变，可以直接将集油孔沿着油孔向外延伸，形成凸台，对飞溅的润滑油形成有效的拦截面，达到提高集油孔集油效率的效果。同时，凸台可设置为斜面，斜面直接可作为导流结构，避免额外部件的增加。以某类型双油孔连杆为例，在2500rpm的转速工况下，如表1和图1所示，原连杆的单位时间平均进油量是5.40mL/min，集油孔向外延伸形成半圆柱空心凸台结构后连杆的单位时间平均进油量是132.51mL/min，经过改进后的连杆单位时间平均进油量大致原设计单位时间平均进油量的24.5倍，远高于普通带油孔的连杆的进油量，大大提升了连杆集油孔的集油效率，为连杆小头-活塞销摆转摩擦副提供更好更充足的润滑条件。As the oil splashed by the piston cooling nozzles onto the small end of the connecting rod moves against the piston dome from a position close to the piston cooling nozzles to a position away from the piston cooling nozzles at a speed almost parallel to the surface of the piston dome, this results in only a very small amount of lubrication The oil can enter the oil collecting hole. Therefore, in order to effectively intercept the splashing lubricating oil, the present invention sets a boss with a certain height at the position of the oil collecting hole to form an effective intercepting surface. The shape and thickness of the boss are not limited, but Since the projection of the intercepting surface in the direction of the incoming flow is the effective intercepting area, the intercepting surface of the boss should be located as far as possible on the face of the splashing lubricating oil flow, and the effective intercepting area should be increased as much as possible. For the convenience of processing and to reduce structural changes as much as possible, the oil collection hole can be directly extended outward along the oil hole to form a boss, which can form an effective intercepting surface for the splashed lubricating oil and achieve the effect of improving the oil collection efficiency of the oil collection hole . At the same time, the boss can be set as a slope, and the slope can directly serve as a flow guide structure, avoiding the addition of additional components. Taking a certain type of connecting rod with double oil holes as an example, at a speed of 2500rpm, as shown in Table 1 and Figure 1, the average oil intake per unit time of the original connecting rod is 5.40mL/min, and the oil collecting hole extends outward After the semi-cylindrical hollow boss structure is formed, the average oil intake per unit time of the connecting rod is 132.51mL/min. The average oil intake per unit time of the improved connecting rod is roughly 24.5 times the average oil intake per unit time of the original design, which is much higher. Compared with the oil intake of ordinary connecting rods with oil holes, the oil collection efficiency of the connecting rod oil collection holes is greatly improved, and better and more sufficient lubrication conditions are provided for the connecting rod small end-piston pin swing friction pair.
表1改良前后连杆各油孔供油情况Table 1 Oil supply situation of each oil hole of connecting rod before and after improvement
本发明所描述的一种具备高效集油孔的连杆，主要由连杆主体、集油孔凸台、坡度斜面、集油孔和储油槽组成。在设置集油孔凸台高度时，应保证凸台与活塞穹顶之间留有一定的空间，避免连杆与活塞因运动或温升而出现干涉问题；凸台结构应尽可能设计有一定的润滑油暂存空间，例如半圆柱空心凸台的空心设计，这种凹面设计能够避免润滑油还未进入到集油孔时重新从凸台两侧流出拦截面；凸台结构的尺寸通常要大于或等于连杆集油孔的直径，并且应在二者之间留有一定的导油结构，例如坡度斜面，这种设计有助于润滑油更有效快速地流入集油孔和储油槽中，提高连杆集油孔的集油效率；凸台的有效拦截面积，即凸台在润滑油飞溅速度方向的投影面积，在不影响安装和结构强度以及不发生干涉的条件下尽可能得大，这种设计有利于凸台结构拦截更多的飞溅润滑油，提供更充分的润滑条件。该凸台结构包括但不限于上述半圆柱空心凸台设计，还包括任何一种符合上述设计要求的结构设计。A connecting rod with a high-efficiency oil collecting hole described in the present invention is mainly composed of a connecting rod main body, an oil collecting hole boss, a slope, an oil collecting hole and an oil storage tank. When setting the height of the boss of the oil collection hole, a certain space should be left between the boss and the dome of the piston to avoid interference between the connecting rod and the piston due to movement or temperature rise; the boss structure should be designed with a certain degree of Temporary lubricating oil storage space, such as the hollow design of the semi-cylindrical hollow boss. This concave design can prevent the lubricating oil from flowing out of the intercepting surface from both sides of the boss before it enters the oil collection hole; the size of the boss structure is usually larger than Or equal to the diameter of the oil collection hole of the connecting rod, and there should be a certain oil guide structure between the two, such as a slope, this design helps the lubricating oil to flow into the oil collection hole and oil storage tank more effectively and quickly, Improve the oil collection efficiency of the oil collection hole of the connecting rod; the effective interception area of the boss, that is, the projected area of the boss in the direction of the splashing speed of lubricating oil, should be as large as possible without affecting the installation and structural strength and without interference. This design is beneficial for the boss structure to intercept more splashing lubricating oil and provide more sufficient lubricating conditions. The boss structure includes but is not limited to the design of the above-mentioned semi-cylindrical hollow boss, and also includes any structural design that meets the above-mentioned design requirements.
本发明所描述的一种具备高效集油孔的连杆具有如下特点：(1)结构简单，便于加工，仅在现有集油孔的基础上增加凸台结构。(2)可靠性高，凸台不包含任何活动部件，大幅降低部件疲劳失效的可能性。(3)集油效率高，相比于普通连杆的集油孔设计，该凸台设计使得集油孔能够更有效的捕获和收集润滑油。(4)不破坏现有连杆结构强度，不会对现有连杆产生结构性影响。A connecting rod with high-efficiency oil-collecting holes described in the present invention has the following characteristics: (1) The structure is simple and easy to process, and the boss structure is only added on the basis of the existing oil-collecting holes. (2) High reliability, the boss does not contain any moving parts, which greatly reduces the possibility of component fatigue failure. (3) The oil collection efficiency is high. Compared with the oil collection hole design of the ordinary connecting rod, the boss design enables the oil collection hole to capture and collect lubricating oil more effectively. (4) The structural strength of the existing connecting rod will not be destroyed, and the existing connecting rod will not be affected structurally.
综上所述，以上仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非用于限定本发明的保护范围。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。To sum up, the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1063862B (en) * | 1957-04-09 | 1959-08-20 | Heinkel Ag Ernst | Device for lubricating the upper connecting rod eye with centrifugal lubrication |
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| JP2015025424A (en) * | 2013-07-26 | 2015-02-05 | 三菱自動車工業株式会社 | Engine |
| CN106677854A (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2017-05-17 | 广西玉柴机器股份有限公司 | Oil collecting structure of connecting rod small end |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1063862B (en) * | 1957-04-09 | 1959-08-20 | Heinkel Ag Ernst | Device for lubricating the upper connecting rod eye with centrifugal lubrication |
| KR20090020945A (en) * | 2007-08-24 | 2009-02-27 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Crank journal lubrication structure of diesel vehicle |
| CN201125934Y (en) * | 2007-11-14 | 2008-10-01 | 青年汽车集团有限公司 | Automobile engine linkage rod |
| JP2015025424A (en) * | 2013-07-26 | 2015-02-05 | 三菱自動車工業株式会社 | Engine |
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