CN115679500A - Photo-thermal composite yarn and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of photo-thermal fabrics, and particularly relates to a photo-thermal composite yarn and a preparation method and application thereof. Dissolving a carbon material in a solvent to obtain a dispersion liquid or slurry, and then dipping and sizing the roving to ensure that the carbon material is embedded into the yarn. The obtained photo-thermal yarn and hydrophilic yarn can be drafted and twisted according to a certain mixing proportion to obtain the composite yarn. The heating rate and the evaporation efficiency of the photo-thermal fabric can be adjusted by adjusting the concentration of the carbon material dispersion and the yarn mixing ratio. The prepared photothermal composite yarn raw material is used for preparing woven fabric or knitted fabric, and a specific effect is realized through fabric structure design. The hydrophilic part promotes the rapid diffusion of sweat, and the photothermal part keeps the body warm by using heat generated by outdoor sunlight. The ventilation design enables the steam and sweat to be discharged quickly after evaporation, and reduces the local humidity and the air saturation, thereby ensuring the evaporation efficiency and the wearing comfort.

Description

Photo-thermal composite yarn and preparation method and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of photo-thermal fabrics, and particularly relates to a photo-thermal composite yarn and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

As population grows and water pollution increases, the scarcity of fresh water resources has become a worldwide problem. The traditional seawater desalination technology, such as a reserve osmosis method, an electrodialysis method and a membrane distillation method, must be maintained to operate through an external power supply, and has the problems of high energy consumption and high cost. This is difficult to operate under severe, complex environmental conditions.

Cold regions face thermal problems in extreme climates, which pose a significant threat to the survival and health of workers in the region. Conventional garments function as a thermal barrier by reducing heat conduction and convection. However, increasing the thickness of the fabric and the number of layers of the garment decreases air and moisture permeability, destroys the microclimate moisture balance, and affects warmth retention and wearing comfort. Passive water treatment and personal warmth retention are therefore of paramount importance.

The solar energy is used as inexhaustible renewable clean energy, and is high-efficiency and beneficial to the realization of seawater desalination with zero energy consumption and low cost. Meanwhile, the photo-thermal fabric can convert solar energy into heat, so that the purposes of heat storage and warm keeping are achieved.

Integrated and rigid solar evaporation devices suffer from poor flexibility, fragility and difficulty in transportation. The textile-based solar evaporation device can effectively convert clean and free solar energy into heat energy, is used for seawater desalination and sewage purification, and has portability, operability, adaptability and high efficiency.

The traditional photo-thermal fabric is usually coated, so that the problems that the load is not firm, the photo-thermal material blocks the pores to influence steam dissipation, the water supply amount and the evaporation rate cannot be adjusted and the like exist. The photo-thermal fabric is strong in regulation and control capacity and high in wearing comfort, sweat can be promoted to be removed quickly, body warmness is preserved by utilizing heat of sunlight conversion, and lives and human health of workers in cold regions can be protected.

The invention patent CN106149147A discloses a production method of a heat storage and heating bulked double-layer structure yarn warm-keeping woven fabric. Firstly, a heat storage heating fiber/regenerated cellulose fiber blended yarn is selected as a warp yarn, the heat storage heating fiber/regenerated cellulose fiber blended yarn and a heat storage heating fiber/regenerated cellulose fiber/high-shrinkage acrylic fiber/water-soluble vinylon four-in-one blended bulked double-layer structure yarn are selected as weft yarns, and a fabric with a double-layer structure is woven by adopting a weft double-layer fabric organization structure, but the fabric only has a heat storage function. Besides providing additional heat for the human body in time, the fabric also needs to evaporate sweat generated by the human body in time to keep the body dry and comfortable, so that the wearing comfort and the heat retention can be ensured.

The invention patent CN114457584A discloses a preparation method and application of a carbon material single-side coating fabric, wherein a carbon material dispersion liquid is uniformly coated on a gray cloth, and finally the carbon material single-side coating fabric for interface photothermal water evaporation is obtained. However, the method adopts a drop coating process, the ratio of the photo-thermal rate to the evaporation rate is difficult to accurately control, and secondly, the carbon material is easy to fall from the grey cloth, so that the durability of the photo-thermal fabric is influenced.

The invention patent CN114702093A discloses a method for preparing a three-dimensional porous salt-resistant interface evaporation device by using a carbon nano tube modified polyurethane sponge. And spraying the composite dispersion liquid of the carbon nano tube and the polydimethylsiloxane on the upper surface of the polyurethane sponge to prepare the photothermal conversion layer, and carrying out hydrophilic modification on the back surface of the photothermal conversion layer by adopting a spraying and dip-coating polyvinyl alcohol mode to obtain the three-dimensional porous interface evaporator. However, the 3-dimensional evaporation device has a large volume and poor flexibility, and is difficult to meet the requirement of easy transportation in practical application.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a preparation method of a photo-thermal composite yarn, which comprises the following steps:

s1: respectively preparing a carbon material dispersion liquid and a carbon material slurry;

the carbon material dispersion liquid comprises a carbon material and a dispersion medium, and the carbon material slurry comprises a carbon material, an adhesive and a solvent;

s2: processing the rough yarn by using a carbon material dispersion liquid and then drying to obtain processed rough yarn; the coarse sand is tencel, cotton or hemp;

s3: drafting and twisting the treated roving to obtain a composite yarn;

s4: sizing, drying and winding the composite yarn to obtain photothermal yarn; the carbon material slurry is adopted as the sizing slurry;

s5: and drawing and double-twisting the hydrophilic yarn and the photo-thermal yarn to obtain the photo-thermal composite yarn.

Preferably, the carbon material is graphene, graphene Oxide (GO), carbon Nanotubes (CNTs), or carbon black.

Preferably, in the carbon material dispersion liquid and the carbon material slurry, the mass ratio of the carbon material to the dispersion medium is 0.1 to 2:100.

preferably, the dispersion medium and the solvent are both water, dimethylformamide or dimethylsulfoxide.

Preferably, in the carbon material slurry, the mass ratio of the adhesive to the solvent is 5-15:100.

preferably, the adhesive is a thermoplastic polyurethane available from LUBRIZOL limited.

Preferably, in the step S3, the twist at the time of drawing and twisting is 60 to 120T/10cm.

Preferably, in step S3, a ring spinning technique is used for drawing and twisting.

Preferably, in the step S3, when the drawing and twisting are performed, the drawing multiple is 35 to 40, the twisting coefficient is 350 to 380, and the yarn number is 10 to 50tex.

Preferably, in the step S4, the sizing processing speed is 20-30m/min.

Preferably, in the step S4, the drying temperature is 40-60 ℃.

Preferably, in the step S5, the twist of the drawing double twist is 20-80T/10cm.

Preferably, in the step S5, the number ratio of the hydrophilic yarn to the photothermal yarn is 1 to 3:1-3.

The heating rate and the evaporation efficiency of the photo-thermal fabric can be adjusted by adjusting the concentration of the carbon material dispersion and the yarn mixing ratio. Therefore, the dynamic balance of heat and water supply is regulated, and efficient energy utilization is expected to be realized. The continuous flow and diffusion of salt levels avoids deposition of salt particles and impurity ions, thereby improving durability and ion removal efficiency.

Preferably, in the step S5, the winding speed of the drawing double twisting is 10-40m/min.

The invention also provides the photo-thermal composite yarn prepared by the preparation method.

The invention also provides a graphene oxide loaded photo-thermal fabric prepared from the photo-thermal composite yarn.

Preferably, the graphene oxide-loaded photothermal fabric is obtained by a weaving or knitting method.

Preferably, the graphene oxide-loaded photothermal fabric is prepared by a weaving method of a plain weave fabric, a twill weave fabric, a satin weave fabric, a double-layer weave fabric or a plain weave fabric.

The invention also provides application of the graphene oxide loaded photo-thermal fabric in seawater desalination or personal thermal management, and the manufactured photo-thermal composite yarn raw material is used for preparing woven fabrics or knitted fabrics, so that a specific effect is realized through fabric organizational structure design. The hydrophilic part promotes the rapid diffusion of sweat, and the photo-thermal part keeps the body warm by using heat generated by outdoor sunlight. The ventilation design enables the steam and sweat to be discharged quickly after evaporation, and reduces the local humidity and the air saturation, thereby ensuring the evaporation efficiency and the wearing comfort.

Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:

and soaking the roving in carbon material dispersion liquid with different concentrations for pretreatment, and uniformly distributing carbon material particles on the surface of the roving after drying. Then, the dried roving is drawn and twisted to prepare photo-thermal yarn with uniform thickness. And then sequentially sizing the photo-thermal yarns through carbon material slurry. The photo-thermal yarn and the hydrophilic yarn are mixed in different proportions and sequentially treated according to drawing and twisting. In the drafting stage, by repeating elongation and attenuation, the yarn is continuously moved in the radial direction, and a finer yarn can be obtained. In the two-for-one twisting stage, the drawn yarn is given a certain strength by applying an appropriate twist to the yarn. In the spinning process, carbon material particles originally attached to the surface of the yarn penetrate into the yarn under the influence of tension and yarn structure change, and finally the composite photo-thermal yarn is prepared. The photothermal properties of the composite photothermal yarn can be produced by adjusting the concentration of the carbon material dispersion and the mixing ratio at the time of drawing.

The traditional photothermal fabric selects different component yarns as warp yarns and weft yarns, the performance is adjusted by changing the fabric weave structure, and the evaporation efficiency needs to be optimized by adjusting the distribution of photothermal conversion yarns and water supply yarns. However, the heat generated by the yarn and the supplied water can only interact at the crossing points of the warp and weft yarns. Compared with the prior art, the heat generated by the composite photo-thermal yarns and the water provided by the hydrophilic tencel can be mutually contacted on the cross section of the whole yarns, so that the energy utilization efficiency is greatly improved. Direct dipping/drop coating is a simpler preparation method, but the excess photothermal conversion material blocks the pores between yarns, thus sacrificing the air and moisture permeability of the fabric, thereby reducing the steam escape rate and wearing comfort. In addition, the coating method only enables the carbon material to be loaded on the surface of the yarn, and the preparation method can enable the carbon material to be uniformly and deeply embedded into the composite photo-thermal material, so that the energy conversion efficiency is greatly improved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a preparation flow chart of a graphene oxide-loaded photothermal fabric.

FIG. 2 is a graph of the evaporation rates for COC0.1%, COC0.5% and COC1.0%.

FIG. 3 is a graph of the evaporation rate of COC1, COC2, COC3 and COC4.

FIG. 4 is a graph of the evaporation rates for GOT0.1%, GOT0.5%, and GOT1.0%.

Fig. 5 is a graph of evaporation rates for GOT1, GOT2, GOT3, and GOT4.

FIG. 6 is a graph of the evaporation rate and evaporation efficiency of GOT3 in 3.5wt% sodium chloride solution for 15 cycles.

Fig. 7 is a graph of concentration change and salt rejection of four major ions in real water samples (taken from the yellow sea) before and after GOT3 desalination.

FIG. 8 is a graph of moisture permeability versus air permeability for different fabrics.

Fig. 9 is a graph of water mass increase rate measured at different sweating rates and solar intensities.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the following figures and specific examples so that those skilled in the art may better understand the present invention and practice it, but the examples are not intended to limit the present invention.

Example 1

A dispersion and a slurry are obtained using Carbon Nanotube (CNT) powder as a solute. The 600tex cotton roving was placed in the CNT dispersion and sonicated for 20min at CNT dispersion concentrations of 0.1wt%, 0.5wt%, and 1.0wt%, respectively. After the ultrasound treatment, the mixture was placed in an oven at 40 ℃ and dried for 60min. And (3) drafting and twisting the dried roving by a ring spinning technology, wherein the stretching ratio is 38.2, and the twisting coefficient is 360 to obtain the CNT cotton yarn of 19.7 tex. And sequentially sizing the obtained CNT cotton yarn through CNT slurry, wherein the processing speed is 20m/min, the drying temperature is 60 ℃, and the CNT forms a solidified shell layer on the surface of the yarn. And drawing and double-twisting the CNT yarn and the hydrophilic cotton yarn according to the proportion of 3:1 to obtain the composite photo-thermal yarn. And finally weaving the composite photothermal yarn into plain photothermal fabric. When the concentrations of the CNT dispersion were 0.1wt%, 0.5wt%, and 1.0wt%, the mixing ratio of the composite photothermal yarn and the cotton yarn was set to 3:1, and the prepared fabrics were named COC0.1%, COC0.5%, and COC1.0%.

The photothermal fabrics prepared in this example had COC0.1%, COC0.5% and COC1.0% corresponding to evaporation rates of 1.02, 1.20 and 1.3 kg-m, respectively ^-2 ·h ^-1 。

Example 2

Carbon Nanotube (CNT) powder is used as a solute to obtain a dispersion and a slurry. The 600tex cotton roving was placed in the CNT dispersion and sonicated for 20min, with respective CNT dispersion concentrations of 1.0wt%. After the ultrasound treatment, the mixture was placed in an oven at 40 ℃ and dried for 60min. And drafting and twisting the dried roving by a ring spinning technology, wherein the stretching multiple is 38.2, and the twisting coefficient is 360 to obtain 19.7tex CNT cotton yarn. And sequentially sizing the obtained CNT cotton yarn through CNT slurry, wherein the processing speed is 20m/min, the drying temperature is 60 ℃, and the CNT forms a solidified shell layer on the surface of the yarn. The CNT cotton yarn and the cotton yarn are subjected to drawing and double twisting according to the following ratio of 1, 2, 3. And finally weaving the composite photothermal yarn into plain photothermal fabric. When the mixing ratio of the composite photothermal yarn to the antenna yarn was 1:3,2:2,3:1 and 4:0, the concentration of the CNT dispersion was set to 1.0wt%, and the prepared fabrics were named COC1, COC2, COC3 and COC4.

The photothermal fabrics COC1, COC2, COC3 and COC4 prepared in this example had evaporation rates of 1.10, 1.19, 1.30 and 1.28 kg-m, respectively ^-2 ·h ^-1 。

Example 3

And taking Graphene Oxide (GO) powder as a solute to obtain a dispersion liquid and slurry. And placing the 600tex tencel roving into GO dispersion liquid for ultrasonic treatment for 20min, wherein the concentrations of the GO dispersion liquid are 0.1wt%, 0.5wt% and 1.0wt%, respectively. After the ultrasound treatment, the mixture was placed in an oven at 40 ℃ and dried for 60min. The dried roving was drawn and twisted by ring spinning with a draw factor of 38.2 and a twist factor of 360 to give a 19.7tex GO antenna yarn. And sequentially sizing the obtained GO tencel yarns through GO sizing agent, wherein the processing speed is 20m/min, the drying temperature is 60 ℃, and GO forms a solidified shell layer on the surface of the yarns. And drawing and double-twisting the GO yarn and the hydrophilic tencel according to the proportion of 3:1 to obtain the composite photo-thermal yarn. And finally weaving the composite photothermal yarn into plain photothermal fabric. When the concentrations of GO dispersion were 0.1wt%, 0.5wt%, and 1.0wt%, the mixing ratio of the composite photothermal yarn and cotton yarn was set to 3:1, and the prepared fabrics were named GOT0.1%, GOT0.5%, and GOT1.0%.

The photothermal fabrics prepared in this example had respective evaporation rates of 1.01, 1.26 and 1.32 kg-m corresponding to GOT0.1%, GOT0.5% and GOT1.0% ^-2 ·h ^-1 。

Example 4

And (3) taking GO powder as a solute to obtain a dispersion liquid and slurry. And placing the tencel roving of 600tex into GO dispersion liquid for ultrasonic treatment for 20min, wherein the concentration of the GO dispersion liquid is 1.0wt%. After the ultrasound treatment, the mixture was placed in an oven at 40 ℃ and dried for 60min. The dried roving was drawn and twisted by ring spinning with a draw factor of 38.2 and a twist factor of 360 to give a 19.7tex GO tencel yarn. And sequentially sizing the obtained GO tencel yarns through GO sizing agent, wherein the processing speed is 20m/min, the drying temperature is 60 ℃, and GO forms a solidified shell layer on the surface of the yarns. The GO tencel yarn and the tencel yarn are subjected to drawing and double twisting according to the following ratio of 1,2, 2,3. And finally weaving the composite photothermal yarn into plain photothermal fabric. When the blend ratio of GO tencel loaded yarn to tencel yarn was 1:3,2:2,3:1 and 4:0, the GO dispersion concentration was set to 1.0wt% and the fabrics prepared were named GOT1, GOT2, GOT3 and GOT4.

The photo-thermal fabrics prepared in this example had respective evaporation rates of GOT1, GOT2, GOT3 and GOT4 of 1.17, 1.23, 1.32 and 1.30 kg-m ^-2 ·h ^-1 The evaporation efficiency of GOT3 is more than 89% and is 4 times of that of pure water.

Example 5

And placing the tencel roving of 600tex into GO dispersion liquid for ultrasonic treatment for 20min, wherein the concentration of the GO dispersion liquid is 1.0wt%. After the ultrasound treatment, the mixture was placed in an oven at 40 ℃ and dried for 60min. The dried roving was drawn and twisted by ring spinning with a draw factor of 38.2 and a twist factor of 360 to give a 19.7tex GO antenna yarn. And sequentially sizing the obtained GO yarns through GO sizing agent, wherein the processing speed is 20m/min, the drying temperature is 60 ℃, and GO forms a solidified shell layer on the surfaces of the yarns. And drawing and double-twisting the GO yarns and the tencel according to the proportion of 3:1 to obtain the GOT. And finally weaving the GOT into plain weave photothermal fabric.

The photothermal fabric GOT3 prepared in this example showed long-term desalting performance in a simulated seawater (3.5 wt% NaCl solution) test. The evaporation rate of GOT3 in simulated seawater was 88% of that in pure water, which indicates that GOT is hardly affected by salt ions during desalination. After 6h of continuous desalting, no salt particles accumulated. The slight decrease in evaporation rate is due to the ions in the seawater delaying the liquid to vapor phase change process. Furthermore, due to the rapid water supply and the porous structure, salt ions diffuse from the evaporation surface to the bulk water before reaching the saturation concentration, so that no crystallization and deposition of salt occurs on the GOT surface. GOT has extremely high durability, and as shown in FIG. 6, the desalination evaporation rate is maintained at 1.17 kg-m after 15 cycles ^-2 ·h ^-1 Left and right. As shown in FIG. 7, ca was added after desalting ²⁺ 、Mg ²⁺ 、Na ⁺ And K ⁺ The ion rejection rate of the ion exchange membrane reaches over 99 percent, meets the standard requirement specified by the World Health Organization (WHO), and is 200 mg.L ^-1 。

Example 6

And placing the tencel roving of 600tex into GO dispersion liquid for ultrasonic treatment for 20min, wherein the concentration of the GO dispersion liquid is 1.0wt%. After the ultrasound treatment, the mixture was placed in an oven at 40 ℃ and dried for 60min. The dried roving was drawn and twisted by ring spinning with a draw factor of 38.2 and a twist factor of 360 to give a 19.7tex GO antenna yarn. And sequentially sizing the obtained GO yarns through GO sizing agent, wherein the processing speed is 20m/min, the drying temperature is 60 ℃, and GO forms a solidified shell layer on the surfaces of the yarns. And drawing and double-twisting the GO yarns and the tencel according to the proportion of 3:1 to obtain the GOT. And finally weaving the GOT into a heat storage and warm keeping fabric.

The fruitThe thermal storage and warm keeping fabric prepared in the embodiment has the vapor permeability of 2242 g.m ^-1 ·D ^-1 It is more than 90% of the original tencel. The gas permeability of GOT3 is 170mm ^-2 ·s ^-1 About 95% of the original tencel (fig. 8). To study the perspiration performance of GOT3 under different solar radiation, the heater temperature was set to 35 ℃ and placed on insulating foam to simulate human skin. Water pumps sealed in thin acrylic plates were attached to the artificial skin surface to simulate different perspiration rates (1.5, 2 and 3 ul-s) ^-1 ). As shown in FIG. 9, at different solar intensities (0.6 and 1kw · m) ^-2 ) Sweat production was measured in the dark, outdoors and under standard solar light conditions. GOT3 showed good moisture transfer and perspiration capacity under dark conditions. In addition, the heat generated by GOT3 under solar illumination can promote sweat discharge, and GOT3 can keep human body comfortable even under the condition of large sweat amount.

It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. The preparation method of the photo-thermal composite yarn is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1: respectively preparing a carbon material dispersion liquid and carbon material slurry;

the carbon material dispersion liquid comprises a carbon material and a dispersion medium, and the carbon material slurry comprises a carbon material, an adhesive and a solvent;

s2: processing the rough yarn by using a carbon material dispersion liquid and then drying to obtain processed rough yarn; the coarse sand is tencel, cotton or hemp;

s3: drafting and twisting the treated roving to obtain a composite yarn;

s4: sizing, drying and winding the composite yarn to obtain photothermal yarn; the carbon material slurry is adopted as the sizing slurry;

s5: and drawing and double-twisting the hydrophilic yarn and the photo-thermal yarn to obtain the photo-thermal composite yarn.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the carbon material is graphene, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, or carbon black.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the dispersion medium and the solvent are water, dimethylformamide or dimethylsulfoxide.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the twist at the time of the draw twisting is 60 to 120T/10cm.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the sizing process speed in step S4 is 20 to 30m/min.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step S5, the twist of the drawing double twist is 20 to 80T/10cm.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step S5, the ratio of the hydrophilic yarn to the photothermal yarn is 1 to 3:1-3.

8. A photothermal composite yarn produced by the production method described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. The graphene oxide-loaded photothermal fabric is characterized by being prepared from the photothermal composite yarn of claim 8.

10. Use of the graphene oxide-loaded photothermal fabric of claim 9 in desalination of sea water or personal thermal management.

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