CN115677583A - 一种基于苯肼的天然产物光亲和探针反应子及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种基于苯肼的天然产物光亲和探针反应子及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/55—Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于苯肼的天然产物光亲和探针反应子及其制备方法和应用,这种基于苯肼的光亲和探针反应子具有苯肼结构、光交联基团和生物正交基团炔基三个功能基团,它的制备方法包括以4‑叔丁氧羰肼基苯甲酸和3‑胺乙基‑3‑(丁‑3‑炔基)双吖丙啶为原料,在室温下进行加成反应,再脱去叔丁氧羰基得到目标产物。本申请设计的光亲和探针反应子可以用于具有酮或醛官能团的化学小分子修饰,由于该反应化学选择性高,因此能够实现官能团特异性修饰,且反应条件温和,工艺简捷,能够快速高效制备出具有生物活性的光亲和探针,并进一步将其用于靶点发现和药物开发中。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及化学蛋白质组学技术领域,特别涉及一种基于苯肼的天然产物光亲和探针反应子及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
随着科学技术的不断发展,药物的开发方式也逐渐多样化,如,从植物和其他自然来源分离、合成化学、组合化学和分子建模等。尽管制药公司已经将以上技术手段用于新药的开发,但天然产物仍然是新药的重要来源。这些天然产物除了作为内源性小分子参与植物的生理活动外,同时也对人类的一些疾病具有优异的药效。天然产物一般在自然界中含量较低,结构复杂,合成难度也比较大,难以实现量产,但是天然产物也具有高选择性和特异性的药理活性。根据2020年的数据统计,超过45%的药物来源于天然产物及其衍生物,治疗的疾病包括癌症、艾滋病和多发性硬化症等。可见基于天然产物的创新药物研发在新药研发领域具有不可替代的地位,但是天然产物在开发过程中也面临着许多的挑战,其中就包括对天然产物药物活性机理的揭示和其作用靶点的发现。
化学蛋白质组学作为当前化学生物学研究的热点方向之一,其结合了活性分子探针和定量质谱组学的方法,可以用于发现与特定活性化合物分子存在相互作用的靶蛋白。目前化学蛋白质组学技术已经在药物机理揭示和新药开发中发挥了重要的作用。2018年北京大学王初课题组利用化学蛋白质组学揭示传统中药活性分子黄芩苷治疗肥胖、脂肪肝及其相关代谢疾病的分子机制(ProcNatlAcad Sci USA.2018;115(26):E5896-E5905)。通过对黄芩苷分子进行化学衍生化,他们制备得到了与天然黄芩苷具有相似药物活性的光亲和探针,以此找到黄芩苷在细胞中直接作用的药效靶点。
专利CN113061126A公开了一种基于卤素中间体的索拉非尼光亲和探针分子的制备方法及应用,制备方法包括卤素中间体与叠氮化钠反应生成叠氮化物,再将叠氮化物与三苯基膦反应得到光亲和链接体,索拉非尼和氢氧化钠在无水乙醇中反应得到带有单羧酸的中间产物,光亲和链接体和带有单羧酸的中间产物在EDC·HCl的作用下发生缩合反应,生成基于卤素中间体的索拉非尼光亲和探针分子,其中,卤素中间体含有光活性基团双吖丙啶和碘元素,制备方法简单,易于实现,且收率较高。
然而,许多具有优异药物活性的天然产物,如甘草黄酮醇、夏佛托苷、新橙皮苷等,其分子结构中含有大量羟基,造成位点选择性衍生化反应非常困难,导致光亲和探针辅助的靶点发现策略无法进行。因此,设计一种能够与上述天然产物进行结合合成光亲和探针的反应子,是目前尚未解决的技术问题。
发明内容
对于许多具有优异药物活性的天然产物,如甘草黄酮醇、夏佛托苷、新橙皮苷、水飞蓟宾A、水飞蓟宾B、杨梅素、沃塞洛托、槲皮素或柄曲霉素等,其分子结构中含有大量羟基,造成位点选择性衍生化反应非常困难,导致光亲和探针辅助的靶点发现策略无法进行。然而,值得注意的是上述类型的天然产物均具有一个酮基或醛基官能团,因此本申请的方案基于上述思路,提供了一种能够与广泛的含有酮或醛官能团的天然产物结合的基于苯肼的光亲和探针反应子及其制备方法和应用。
首先,本申请提供一种基于苯肼的天然产物光亲和探针反应子PDAA,具有如下所示结构:
其次,本申请提供一种基于苯肼的天然产物光亲和探针反应子的制备方法,用于制备权上述基于苯肼的天然产物光亲和探针反应子,包括如下步骤:
1)将化合物II和化合物III溶于有机溶剂中,加入三乙胺、1-羟基苯并三唑和1-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺,在室温下进行反应,得到含有化合物IV的反应液;
2)向含有化合物IV的反应液中加入水,加入乙酸乙酯,萃取,用饱和食盐水洗涤有机层,无水硫酸钠除水,旋蒸得到化合物IV粗品,将化合物IV粗品用柱层析提纯得到化合物IV;
3)将化合物IV溶于甲醇,于室温下在盐酸1,4-环氧六环中将化合物IV脱去叔丁氧羰基保护,旋蒸,得到化合物I。
进一步地,所述化合物II和化合物III的摩尔比为1:1,所述化合物II和三乙胺、1-羟基苯并三唑和1-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺的摩尔比为1:2.4:1.2:1.2。
进一步地,所述有机溶剂为二氯甲烷或二氯乙烷;所述在室温下进行反应,得到含有化合物IV的反应液的反应时间为3h。
进一步地,所述将化合物IV脱去叔丁氧羰基保护的反应时间为12-36h。
最后,本申请还提供一种基于苯肼的天然产物光亲和探针反应子的应用,使用上述基于苯肼的天然产物光亲和探针反应子,用于与含有酮或醛官能团的天然产物结合制备天然产物光亲和探针,其中,所述含有酮或醛官能团的天然产物可以是甘草黄酮醇、夏佛托苷、新橙皮苷、水飞蓟宾A、水飞蓟宾B、杨梅素、沃塞洛托、槲皮素或柄曲霉素等。
进一步地,所述含有酮或醛官能团的天然产物为新橙皮苷或水飞蓟宾A。
进一步地,其特征在于,所述天然产物光亲和探针的结构为:
进一步地,所述制备天然产物光亲和探针的步骤包括:
1)将化合物I和含有醛或酮的天然产物加入乙醇溶解,加入乙酸钠进行反应,得到含有天然产物光亲和探针的反应液;
2)将含有天然产物光亲和探针的反应液冷却至室温,通过液相色谱提纯得到天然产物光亲和探针。
进一步地,所述化合物I、含有醛或酮的天然产物和乙酸钠的摩尔比为1:0.5-0.7;所述加入乙酸钠进行反应的反应温度为70℃,反应时间为12h。
本申请提供的天然产物光亲和探针反应子PDAA为具有苯肼结构、光交联基团和生物正交基团炔基的三功能反应子,由三个元件组成。其中苯肼结构是反应基团,用于和天然产物中的酮或者醛加成缩合,生成稳定的苯腙结构;光交联基团,即双吖丙啶结构,能够在紫外光的激发作用下,产生自由基,与邻近的C-H或者C-C键发生插入交联反应,从而对光亲和探针结合的蛋白质进行共价捕获;生物正交基团,即炔基,能够用于后续偶联生物素或者荧光素,对光亲和探针标记的蛋白质进行分离富集或荧光成像,由于体积小,合成十分简便。
具有优异药物活性的天然产物,以新橙皮苷和水飞蓟宾A为例,它们的结构复杂,均含有多个活泼反应基团,同时具有重要的生物活性。新橙皮苷作为一种具有神经保护和抗氧化能力的黄酮苷,在实验中不仅可以降低糖尿病小鼠的血糖并调控胰岛素的敏感性,还可以在人乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞中诱导细胞凋亡。水飞蓟宾A则已作为包括药物性肝损伤在内的多个指南的推荐用药。其除了具有保护肝脏的作用以外,还具有抗HCV复制、降血脂、保护心肌、抑制癌细胞增殖、保护神经以及抗抑郁和焦虑等作用。
PDAA反应子可以用于具有酮或醛官能团的化学小分子修饰,由于该反应化学选择性高,因此能够实现官能团特异性修饰,且反应条件温和,工艺简捷,能够快速高效制备出具有生物活性的光亲和探针,并进一步将其用于靶点发现和药物开发中。
附图说明
下面对说明书附图所表达的内容做简要说明:
图1为本发明实施例1制备的天然产物光亲和探针反应子PDAA的1H NMR谱图;
图2是本发明实施例2制备的新橙皮苷衍生光亲和探针的1H NMR谱图;
图3是本发明实施例2制备的新橙皮苷衍生光亲和探针的13C NMR谱图;
图4是本发明实施例2制备的新橙皮苷衍生光亲和探针的质谱图;
图5是本发明实施例3制备的水飞蓟宾A衍生光亲和探针的1H NMR谱图;
图6是本发明实施例3制备的水飞蓟宾A衍生光亲和探针的13C NMR谱图;
图7是本发明实施例3制备的水飞蓟宾A衍生光亲和探针的质谱图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
三功能反应子PDAA的合成:
在反应瓶中用3ml二氯甲烷溶解4-叔丁氧羰肼基苯甲酸(50mg,0.2mmol),3-胺乙基-3-(丁-3-炔基)双吖丙啶(27.2mg,0.2mmol)和三乙胺(0.062ml,0.48mmol)。向其中加入1-羟基苯并三唑(32.4mg,0.24mmol)和1-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺(46.1mg,0.24mmol),在室温下反应3小时,得到含有化合物IV的反应液。接着向反应液中加入80ml水,用乙酸乙酯对反应液进行萃取,之后用饱和食盐水洗涤有机层,经无水硫酸钠除水后旋蒸,得到化合物IV的粗产物,将化合物IV的粗产物经柱层析提纯,洗脱液为二氯甲烷:甲醇=150:1,得到黄色固体产物,即化合物IV。
将化合物IV(200mg,0.53mmol)溶于2ml甲醇中,向溶液中加入3.5ml盐酸1,4-环氧六环,在室温下过夜反应12h,旋蒸除去溶剂后得到深黄色固体产物PDAA(75mg,0.24mmol)。对所得产物进行测定,所得1H NMR谱图如图1所示。
实施例2
新橙皮苷衍生光亲和探针(Neohesperidin-PDAA)的合成:
首先,用45%的乙醇溶解PDAA(120mg,0.39mmol)和新橙皮苷(166mg,0.273mmol),随后向上述溶液中加入乙酸钠(35mg,0.429mmol),在70℃的条件下反应12h。反应结束后,待反应液冷却至室温,经过制备型高效液相色谱提纯得到新橙皮苷衍生光亲和探针Neohesperidin-PDAA(50mg,0.058mmol)。图2和图3分别为Neohesperidin-PDAA的1H NMR和13C NMR谱图,图4为Neohesperidin-PDAA的质谱图。
实施例3
水飞蓟宾A衍生光亲和探针(Silybin A-PDAA)的合成:
首先,用45%的乙醇溶解PDAA(120mg,0.39mmol)和水飞蓟宾A(125mg,0.259mmol),最后向上述溶液中加入乙酸钠(35mg,0.429mmol),在70℃的条件下反应12h。反应结束后,待反应液冷却至室温,经过制备型高效液相色谱提纯得到水飞蓟宾A衍生光亲和探针Silybin A-PDAA(52mg,0.071mmol)。图5和图6分别为Silybin A-PDAA的1H NMR和13CNMR谱图。图7为Silybin A-PDAA的质谱图。
显然,上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例,而并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之中。
Claims (10)
3.根据权利要求2所述的基于苯肼的天然产物光亲和探针反应子的制备方法,其特征在于,所述化合物II和化合物III的摩尔比为1:1,所述化合物II和三乙胺、1-羟基苯并三唑和1-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺的摩尔比为1:2.4:1.2:1.2。
4.根据权利要求2所述的基于苯肼的天然产物光亲和探针反应子的制备方法,其特征在于,所述有机溶剂为二氯甲烷或二氯乙烷;所述在室温下进行反应,得到含有化合物IV的反应液的反应时间为3h。
5.根据权利要求2所述的基于苯肼的天然产物光亲和探针反应子的制备方法,其特征在于,所述将化合物IV脱去叔丁氧羰基保护的反应时间为12-36h。
6.一种基于苯肼的天然产物光亲和探针反应子的应用,使用权利要求1所述的基于苯肼的天然产物光亲和探针反应子,其特征在于,用于与含有酮或醛官能团的天然产物结合制备天然产物光亲和探针,其中,所述含有酮或醛官能团的天然产物包括甘草黄酮醇、夏佛托苷、新橙皮苷、水飞蓟宾A、水飞蓟宾B、杨梅素、沃塞洛托、槲皮素或柄曲霉素。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种基于苯肼的天然产物光亲和探针反应子的应用,其特征在于,所述含有酮或醛官能团的天然产物为新橙皮苷或水飞蓟宾A。
9.根据权利要求6所述的一种基于苯肼的天然产物光亲和探针反应子的应用,其特征在于,所述制备天然产物光亲和探针的步骤包括:
1)将化合物I和含有醛或酮的天然产物加入乙醇溶解,加入乙酸钠进行反应,得到含有天然产物光亲和探针的反应液;
2)将含有天然产物光亲和探针的反应液冷却至室温,通过液相色谱提纯得到天然产物光亲和探针。
10.根据权利要求9所述的一种基于苯肼的天然产物光亲和探针反应子的应用,其特征在于,所述化合物I、含有醛或酮的天然产物和乙酸钠的摩尔比为1:0.5-0.7;所述加入乙酸钠进行反应的反应温度为70℃,反应时间为12h。
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