CN115674371A - Preparation method of low-formaldehyde environment-friendly plywood and low-formaldehyde environment-friendly plywood - Google Patents
Preparation method of low-formaldehyde environment-friendly plywood and low-formaldehyde environment-friendly plywood Download PDFInfo
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- CN115674371A CN115674371A CN202211144423.1A CN202211144423A CN115674371A CN 115674371 A CN115674371 A CN 115674371A CN 202211144423 A CN202211144423 A CN 202211144423A CN 115674371 A CN115674371 A CN 115674371A
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- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde Substances O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-SLPGGIOYSA-N aldehydo-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-SLPGGIOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003483 aging Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 2
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010035148 Plague Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010037660 Pyrexia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a low-formaldehyde environment-friendly plywood, which comprises the steps of drying a veneer, gluing, ageing, prepressing, hot pressing and insulating; the prepressing step comprises the following steps: pre-pressing the plate blank at 0.8-1.2 MPa and 20-40 deg.c for 50-70 min; the hot pressing step comprises the following steps: the plate blank is divided into four sections for hot pressing: the first stage is maintained at 130-140 deg.c and 0.8-1 MPa for 5-10 min; in the second stage, the pressure is maintained at 140-150 ℃ and 1-1.2 MPa for 10-15 min; in the third stage, the pressure is released to 0.3MPa to 0.8MPa within 5min at the temperature of 130 ℃ to 140 ℃; the fourth stage is to discharge the full pressure within 1min at 110-120 ℃; the heat preservation step is as follows: and (3) carrying out closed heat preservation treatment on the plate blank by using water vapor with the temperature of 110-120 ℃. The invention also discloses the low-formaldehyde environment-friendly plywood prepared by the method. The preparation method has simple process and convenient operation, and the prepared plywood has the advantages of higher bonding strength and low formaldehyde emission, and is a high-performance environment-friendly product.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plywood preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a low-formaldehyde environment-friendly plywood and the low-formaldehyde environment-friendly plywood.
Background
The plywood is an important board type in the artificial boards, the plywood on the market at present is a three-layer or multi-layer plate-shaped material which is formed by cutting wood sections into single boards or slicing wood squares into thin wood and gluing the single boards by using an adhesive, and the plywood is usually formed by using odd layers of single boards and mutually vertically gluing the fiber directions of the single boards of the adjacent layers; the plywood has good physical and mechanical properties and processability, and is widely used for building decoration, furniture manufacture, wood door manufacture, floor manufacture, and internal decoration of ships and vehicles.
Formaldehyde pollution has been a problem that plagues large plywood producers.
Chinese patent (CN 105235025B) discloses a production method of low-formaldehyde flame-retardant plywood, which comprises the following production process steps: the method comprises the steps of wood board spinning, primary drying, repairing, vacuum impregnation treatment, secondary drying, gluing, prepressing, hot pressing, edge cutting and sanding. The residual amount of formaldehyde in the adhesive is reduced by improving the used urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive, so that the residual amount of formaldehyde in the plywood is reduced. The formaldehyde content of the prepared board is 0.06mg/m 3 And can reach the standard of living. But this effect is achieved by modifying the urea formaldehyde resin adhesive.
Actually, in order to reduce the cost, many panel manufacturers choose to purchase raw materials such as veneers and adhesives only for processing and production when producing panels. In the prior art, the mode of reducing the formaldehyde emission of the plate by improving the processing and production process is less, and the effect is not satisfactory.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides the preparation method of the low-formaldehyde environment-friendly plywood, and the prepared plywood has the advantages of higher bonding strength and low formaldehyde release amount, and is a high-performance environment-friendly product.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of low-formaldehyde environment-friendly plywood comprises the steps of drying veneers, gluing, ageing, prepressing, hot-pressing and preserving heat;
the prepressing step comprises the following steps: pre-pressing the plate blank at 0.8-1.2 MPa and 20-40 deg.c for 50-70 min;
the hot pressing step comprises the following steps: the plate blank is divided into four sections for hot pressing: the first stage is maintained at 130-140 deg.c and 0.8-1 MPa for 5-10 min; in the second stage, the pressure is maintained at 140-150 ℃ and 1-1.2 MPa for 10-15 min; in the third stage, the pressure is released to 0.3MPa to 0.8MPa at the temperature of 130 ℃ to 140 ℃ within 5min; the fourth stage is to discharge the full pressure within 1min at 110-120 ℃;
the heat preservation step is as follows: the plate is sealed and heat-insulated by water vapor with the temperature of 110-120 ℃.
Further, the veneer drying method comprises the following steps: the veneer is dried by free air until the water content is 15% -18%, and then the veneer is dried by a dryer, so that the water content of the wood plate is uniformly reduced to below 14%.
Further, the veneer is dried until the water content is 8% -12%.
Further, the aging time is 15 min-30 min.
Further, the glue coating step adopts E0-grade urea-formaldehyde resin glue.
Further, in the gluing step, the single-sided gluing amount is 220g/m 2 ～240g/m 2 。
Further, the heat preservation time is 50 min-70 min.
Further, in the heat preservation step, the humidity is controlled to be 60% -80%.
And further, after the heat preservation is finished, firstly, the sealed space is exhausted for 30-60 min by using an exhaust fan, and then the plate is moved out.
The invention also provides the low-formaldehyde environment-friendly plywood prepared by the method.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the preparation process of the low-formaldehyde environment-friendly plywood mainly comprises the steps of drying the veneer, gluing, ageing, prepressing, hot pressing and insulating, and reasonable parameter design is carried out on each step, so that the plywood with high gluing strength and low formaldehyde emission can be prepared under the steps and parameters, and the environment-friendly requirement is met; the board is applied to the building industry, can obviously improve the living or office environment, reduce the harm of formaldehyde to human bodies and improve the quality of life or office.
2. The water content of the veneer has great influence on the quality and the production process of the plywood, and in the invention, the veneerThe water content is controlled below 14 percent, particularly 8 to 12 percent, the bonding strength can be improved, and the glue is not easy to open and bubble; the veneer is naturally dried firstly, and is dried to a certain degree and then is sent into a dryer for drying, so that the veneer can be controlled not to be distorted and deformed in the drying process. The glue is made of E0-grade urea-formaldehyde resin glue, and the formaldehyde release amount is less than or equal to 0.5mg/m 3 And the formaldehyde emission is reduced from the source. The plywood is also subjected to aging after being coated with glue, the aging time is reasonably planned, a continuous glue film can be formed, glue solution effectively permeates into the plywood, the viscosity is increased, the formation of a continuous glue layer is facilitated during hot pressing, and the bonding strength is improved.
3. The plywood provided by the invention is subjected to two steps of prepressing and hot pressing, the hot pressing is sectional hot pressing, and the resin condensation degree can be improved by scientifically and reasonably designing the temperature, pressure and time of each stage of prepressing and hot pressing, so that the bonding strength of the plywood is improved; when hot pressing is finished, the pressure reduction speed is reasonably controlled, the hot pressing temperature is properly reduced, the water vapor discharge speed is proper, and bubbling is avoided.
4. The heat preservation step of the invention is the most key to the control of the formaldehyde content, the inventor promotes the release of free formaldehyde in the board through high temperature, and the water vapor can provide a certain humidity environment for the release of formaldehyde. The high-temperature and humid environment can synergistically promote the release of free formaldehyde and the dissolution of the free formaldehyde in water vapor, and formaldehyde can be removed more thoroughly when air is subsequently pumped away.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate a better understanding of the invention, the following examples are given to illustrate, but not to limit the scope of the invention.
The present invention is illustrated by the following more specific examples.
Example 1
A preparation method of low-formaldehyde environment-friendly plywood comprises the steps of drying veneers, gluing, ageing, prepressing, hot-pressing and insulating;
the veneer drying step is as follows: firstly, free air drying is carried out until the water content is 18%, and then a drying machine is used for drying the veneer, so that the water content of the wood board is reduced to 14%;
the glue spreading step adopts E0-grade urea-formaldehyde resin glue, and the single-side glue spreading amount is 220g/m 2 ；
The aging time is 18min;
the prepressing step comprises the following steps: pre-pressing the plate blank at 0.8MPa and 20 ℃ for 50min;
the hot pressing step comprises the following steps: the plate blank is divided into four sections for hot pressing: maintaining the pressure of the first stage at 130 deg.C and 0.8MPa for 5min; in the second stage, the pressure is maintained for 10min at 140 ℃ and 1 MPa; in the third stage, the pressure is released to 0.3MPa at 130 ℃ within 5min; in the fourth stage, the full pressure is discharged within 1min at 120 ℃;
the heat preservation step is as follows: carrying out closed heat preservation treatment on the plate by using water vapor with the temperature of 110 ℃, and controlling the humidity to be 60%; the heat preservation time is 50min; after the heat preservation is finished, the sealed space is firstly exhausted for 30min by an exhaust fan, and then the plate is moved out.
Example 2
A preparation method of low-formaldehyde environment-friendly plywood comprises the steps of drying veneers, gluing, ageing, prepressing, hot-pressing and insulating;
the veneer drying step is as follows: firstly, free air drying is carried out until the water content is 16%, and then a drying machine is used for drying the veneer, so that the water content of the wood plate is reduced to 13%;
the glue coating step adopts E0-grade urea-formaldehyde resin glue, and the single-side glue coating amount is 225g/m 2 ；
The aging time is 15min;
the prepressing step comprises the following steps: pre-pressing the plate blank at 25 ℃ under 0.9MPa for 55min;
the hot pressing step comprises the following steps: the plate blank is divided into four sections for hot pressing: the first stage is kept at 130 ℃ and 1MPa for 10min; in the second stage, the pressure is maintained for 10min at 140 ℃ and 1.2 MPa; in the third stage, the pressure is released to 0.8MPa at 130 ℃ within 5min; in the fourth stage, the full pressure is discharged within 1min at 110 ℃;
the heat preservation step is as follows: carrying out closed heat preservation treatment on the plate by using 115 ℃ water vapor, and controlling the humidity to be 65%; the heat preservation time is 55min; after the heat preservation is finished, the sealed space is firstly exhausted for 40min by an exhaust fan, and then the plate is moved out.
Example 3
A preparation method of low-formaldehyde environment-friendly plywood comprises the steps of drying veneers, gluing, ageing, prepressing, hot-pressing and insulating;
the veneer drying step is as follows: firstly, free air drying is carried out until the water content is 15%, and then a drying machine is used for drying the veneer, so that the water content of the wood board is reduced to 10%;
the glue coating step adopts E0-grade urea-formaldehyde resin glue, and the single-side glue coating amount is 230g/m 2 ；
The aging time is 20min;
the prepressing step comprises the following steps: pre-pressing the plate blank at 1.2MPa and 35 ℃, wherein the pre-pressing time is 60min;
the hot pressing step comprises the following steps: the plate blank is divided into four sections for hot pressing: maintaining the pressure of the first stage at 135 deg.C and 0.9MPa for 10min; in the second stage, the pressure is maintained for 12min at 145 ℃ and 1.1 MPa; in the third stage, the pressure is released to 0.5MPa within 5min at 135 ℃; in the fourth stage, full pressure is discharged within 1min at 115 ℃;
the heat preservation step is as follows: carrying out closed heat preservation treatment on the plate by using 120 ℃ water vapor, and controlling the humidity to be 70%; the heat preservation time is 60min; after the heat preservation is finished, the sealed space is firstly exhausted for 50min by the exhaust fan, and then the plate is moved out.
Example 4
A preparation method of low-formaldehyde environment-friendly plywood comprises the steps of drying veneers, gluing, ageing, prepressing, hot-pressing and preserving heat;
the veneer drying step comprises: firstly, free air drying is carried out until the water content is 17%, and then a drying machine is used for drying the veneer, so that the water content of the wood plate is reduced to 12%;
the glue coating step adopts E0-grade urea-formaldehyde resin glue, and the single-side glue coating amount is 235g/m 2 ；
The aging time is 25min;
the prepressing step comprises the following steps: pre-pressing the plate blank at 1.1MPa and 30 ℃ for 65min;
the hot pressing step comprises the following steps: the plate blank is divided into four sections for hot pressing: the first stage is kept at 140 ℃ and 1MPa for 6min; in the second stage, maintaining the pressure at 148 ℃ and 1MPa for 14min; in the third stage, the pressure is released to 0.7MPa within 5min at 138 ℃; in the fourth stage, the full pressure is discharged within 1min at 112 ℃;
the heat preservation is as follows: carrying out closed heat preservation treatment on the plate by using 112 ℃ steam, and controlling the humidity to be 75%; the heat preservation time is 65min; after the heat preservation is finished, the sealed space is firstly exhausted for 60min by the exhaust fan, and then the plate is moved out.
Example 5
A preparation method of low-formaldehyde environment-friendly plywood comprises the steps of drying veneers, gluing, ageing, prepressing, hot-pressing and insulating;
the veneer drying step is as follows: firstly, free air drying is carried out until the water content is 15%, and then a drying machine is used for drying the veneer, so that the water content of the wood board is reduced to 8%;
the glue coating step adopts E0-grade urea-formaldehyde resin glue, and the single-side glue coating amount is 240g/m 2 ；
The aging time is 30min;
the prepressing step comprises the following steps: pre-pressing the plate blank at 1.2MPa and 40 ℃ for 70min;
the hot pressing step comprises the following steps: the plate blank is divided into four sections for hot pressing: the first stage is kept at 140 ℃ and 1MPa for 10min; in the second stage, the pressure is maintained for 15min at 150 ℃ and 1.2 MPa; in the third stage, the pressure is released to 0.8MPa within 5min at 140 ℃; the fourth stage is to discharge the full pressure within 1min at 120 ℃;
the heat preservation step is as follows: carrying out closed heat preservation treatment on the plate by using 118 ℃ water vapor, and controlling the humidity to be 80%; the heat preservation time is 70min; after the heat preservation is finished, the sealed space is firstly exhausted for 45min by an exhaust fan, and then the plate is moved out.
Comparative example 1
Basically the same as example 3, except that the heat-retention treatment was not carried out.
Comparative example 2
Basically the same as example 3, except that in the heat-retaining step, 120 ℃ water vapor was replaced with 120 ℃ hot air, and the humidity was not controlled.
Comparative example 3
Basically the same as example 3, except that the closed space was not evacuated in the heat-keeping step.
Comparative example 4
Substantially the same as example 3, except that the hot pressing step was: maintaining the pressure of the plate blank at 145 ℃ and 1.1MPa for 22min; then the complete pressure is discharged at constant speed within 6 min.
Example 4 Performance test
According to the test method of the physical and chemical properties of the artificial board and the veneer artificial board with GB/T17657-2013, the indexes of the bonding strength and the formaldehyde release amount of the low-formaldehyde environment-friendly plywood prepared in the examples 1-5 and the plywood prepared in the comparative examples 1-4 are detected, and the detection results are shown in the following table.
| Group of | Bonding Strength (III grade)/MPa | Formaldehyde emission amount (E1 grade)/mg/m 3 |
| Standard requirements | ≥0.7(GBT9846-2015) | ≤0.124(GB18580-2017) |
| Example 1 | 1.14 | 0.005 |
| Example 2 | 1.16 | 0.003 |
| Example 3 | 1.26 | 0.002 |
| Example 4 | 1.21 | 0.005 |
| Example 5 | 1.17 | 0.004 |
| Comparative example 1 | 1.21 | 0.10 |
| Comparative example 2 | 1.22 | 0.08 |
| Comparative example 3 | 1.25 | 0.06 |
| Comparative example 4 | 0.78 | 0.07 |
The results show that all indexes of the plywood prepared in the embodiments 1-5 and the comparative examples 1-4 of the invention meet the standard requirements. From the aspect of formaldehyde release amount, according to the mandatory national standards on immigration, the formaldehyde release amount in each cubic meter of indoor air after 1 hour of closing doors and windows0.08 mg; the formaldehyde emission of the low-formaldehyde environment-friendly plywood prepared in the embodiments 1 to 5 of the invention is 0.006mg/m 3 In the following, almost no formaldehyde is released, so that the requirement that mothers and babies and old people can directly live in is met; the formaldehyde emission of comparative example 1, although up to standard, was relatively high and smells bad smell; comparative examples 2 to 4 had formaldehyde emission of 0.06mg/m 3 ～0.08mg/m 3 In between, the requirement that adults can live in is met, but the adult can not live in directly by mothers and babies and old people.
Compared with the comparative example 1, the formaldehyde emission can be greatly reduced after the heat preservation treatment is carried out in the embodiment 3 of the invention; compared with the comparative example 2, the heat preservation is carried out in the embodiment 3 of the invention under a certain humidity range, so that the content of free formaldehyde in the air can be reduced; compared with the comparative example 3, the free formaldehyde released and dissolved in the humid air is pumped away in time in the example 3 of the invention, so that the formaldehyde back-seepage can be prevented, and the formaldehyde content is reduced.
From the gluing strength, the gluing strength of the low-formaldehyde environment-friendly plywood prepared in the embodiments 1 to 5 is 1.14 to 1.26MPa, and reaches a higher level; the plywood of comparative examples 1 to 3 also had a bonding strength of 1.21 to 1.25, which indicates that the heat-insulating step had little effect on the bonding strength; while the plywood of comparative example 4 had much lower bond strength than example 3, indicating that the bond strength of the plywood was improved more than with one-shot compression under the segmental compression of the present invention.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of the low-formaldehyde environment-friendly plywood is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of single plate drying, gluing, ageing, prepressing, hot pressing and heat preservation;
the prepressing step comprises the following steps: pre-pressing the plate blank at 0.8-1.2 MPa and 20-50 deg.c for 50-70 min;
the hot pressing step comprises the following steps: the plate blank is divided into four sections for hot pressing: the first stage is kept at 130-140 ℃ and 0.8-1 MPa for 5-10 min; in the second stage, the pressure is maintained at 140-150 ℃ and 1-1.2 MPa for 10-15 min; in the third stage, the pressure is released to 0.3MPa to 0.8MPa within 5min at the temperature of 130 ℃ to 140 ℃; the fourth stage is to discharge the full pressure within 1min at 110-120 ℃;
the heat preservation step is as follows: the plate is sealed and heat-insulated by water vapor with the temperature of 110-120 ℃.
2. The method for preparing the low-formaldehyde environment-friendly plywood as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the veneer drying method comprises the following steps: the veneer is dried by free air until the water content is 15% -18%, and then the veneer is dried by a dryer, so that the water content of the wood plate is uniformly reduced to below 14%.
3. The method for preparing the low-formaldehyde environment-friendly plywood as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and drying the veneer until the water content is 8-12%.
4. The preparation method of the low-formaldehyde environment-friendly plywood as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the aging time is 15 min-30 min.
5. The preparation method of the low-formaldehyde environment-friendly plywood as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the glue coating step adopts E0-grade urea-formaldehyde resin glue.
6. The preparation method of the low-formaldehyde environment-friendly plywood as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the gluing step, the single-side gluing amount is 220g/m 2 ～240g/m 2 。
7. The method for preparing the low-formaldehyde environment-friendly plywood as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the heat preservation time is 50 min-70 min.
8. The method for preparing the low-formaldehyde environment-friendly plywood as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the heat preservation step, the humidity is controlled to be 60-80%.
9. The method for preparing the low-formaldehyde environment-friendly plywood as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: after the heat preservation is finished, the sealed space is firstly exhausted for 30-60 min by an exhaust fan, and then the plate is moved out.
10. A low formaldehyde environmentally friendly plywood prepared according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| 张晋平: "《博物馆环境监测控制技术》", vol. 1, 北京：中国环境科学出版社, pages: 85 - 86 * |
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